Future Doctors Research Articles

Should Medical Students Be Overprotected? A Survey from China and Review About the Roles of Medical Student Under the COVID-19.

The impact of COVID-19 continues to this day, there are many disputes about how medical students should be managed and diverse arrangements were adopted by medical schools around all over the world. The purpose of this study was to discuss the risks and benefits of medical student participation in healthcare in the context of COVID-19. An online cross-sectional survey was distributed to 300 Medical students undergoing standardized training program (STP) in China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University. The survey included questions about basic demographic characteristics, roles and mental state of interns during the pandemic, comments on the University's management of medical students. Data were processed using SPSS 25.0 statistical analysis software, the comparison between two groups of data was performed using t-test; the non-normally distributed variables were analyzed using Mann-Whitney U-test, differences between groups were compared using chi-square test for analysis. p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. A total of 191 students completed the survey (response rate 63.67%). The epidemic had a significant psychological impact on students, but most of them believed that participation in clinical work under voluntary, precise protective measures and strict supervision were benefit for their future. Older, married, female, and salaried students are more willing to engage in pandemic-related activities. The biggest challenge of working under the pandemic focused on high working pressure and insufficient protection, the biggest harvest was getting knowledge and accumulating experience. Circumstances, cultures, outbreaks and strategies for coping with COVID-19 varied around the world. Medical students do not need to be overprotected, participation in pandemic work in an optimized system is acceptable and beneficial to their career plan. Medical education should focus on improving the social status of infectious diseases and cultivating future doctors with awareness of epidemic prevention and control.

The future integrated care workforce.

The future integrated care workforce.

Chatbots for future docs: exploring medical students’ attitudes and knowledge towards artificial intelligence and medical chatbots

ABSTRACT Artificial intelligence (AI) in medicine and digital assistance systems such as chatbots will play an increasingly important role in future doctor – patient communication. To benefit from the potential of this technical innovation and ensure optimal patient care, future physicians should be equipped with the appropriate skills. Accordingly, a suitable place for the management and adaptation of digital assistance systems must be found in the medical education curriculum. To determine the existing levels of knowledge of medical students about AI chatbots in particular in the healthcare setting, this study surveyed medical students of the University of Luebeck and the University Hospital of Tuebingen. Using standardized quantitative questionnaires and qualitative analysis of group discussions, the attitudes of medical students toward AI and chatbots in medicine were investigated. From this, relevant requirements for the future integration of AI into the medical curriculum could be identified. The aim was to establish a basic understanding of the opportunities, limitations, and risks, as well as potential areas of application of the technology. The participants (N = 12) were able to develop an understanding of how AI and chatbots will affect their future daily work. Although basic attitudes toward the use of AI were positive, the students also expressed concerns. There were high levels of agreement regarding the use of AI in administrative settings (83.3%) and research with health-related data (91.7%). However, participants expressed concerns that data protection may be insufficiently guaranteed (33.3%) and that they might be increasingly monitored at work in the future (58.3%). The evaluations indicated that future physicians want to engage more intensively with AI in medicine. In view of future developments, AI and data competencies should be taught in a structured way during the medical curriculum and integrated into curricular teaching.

Optimization of the Teaching of Surgical Disciplines in the Training of Family Medicine Specialists at the Undergraduate Level of Education

The quality of medical care for the population depends on the level of training of future doctors. The formation of professional competence of a general practitioner-family doctor requires a wide range of multidisciplinary knowledge. The innovative technologies, especially interactive teaching methods, are used to make the conditions of a successful educational process. A large amount of material that a general practitioner-family doctor should master encourages the introduction of innovative and integral pedagogical methods that optimize the possibilities of acquiring knowledge and the formation of special practical skills, including surgical skills. The article deals with new views of a comprehensive treatment approach of patients with acute surgical diseases, analyzed modern methods and perspective rehabilitation methodic of surgical patients during the preparing of a general practitioner–family physician at the level of underground education. On the basis of the analysis of existing educational plans and education programs of doctors in the specialty “General Practice-Family Medicine”, the evaluation of acquired theoretical knowledge, special practical skills and the recommendations on the introduction of innovative and integral methods of teaching the basics were presented. The article reveals aspects of providing specialized gastroenterological medical care to the population of Ukraine, which today has a significant medical and social importance. Over the last 5 years, the incidence of digestive system and mortality due to diseases has increased. The study of manifestation, variants of clinical course, diagnostic tactics, diagnosis are extremely relevant at the level of underground education. Knowledge of major diagnostic and tactical errors in acute surgical diseases of the stomach and duodenum is mandatory. Future general practitioners-family doctors need to know the basic clinical signs of acute surgical diseases of the hepatobiliary system and pancreas, improve the skills of taking the patient’s anamnesis (complaints, anamnesis of the disease, history of life, determination of risk factors), need to be able to make an optimal examination plan to confirm the diagnosis, establish a diagnosis, as well as to learn the algorithm of medical history records and be able to determine the period of disability of patients after surgery. During the stages of the educational process for better study effectiveness interactive, innovative methods, various approaches to diagnosis and treatment. Emergency care and rehabilitation of patients are ought to be used; solving problem situations tasks implement more effective training in surgery for the practical activity of a physician in the specialty “General Practice-Family medicine”.

Towards diversity in language education through “Teaching and researching English for Specific Purposes” – a book review

This is a review of Teaching and researching English for Specific Purposes by Elżbieta Lesiak-Bielawska published in 2018 by Księgarnia Akademicka in Kraków. Elżbieta Lesiak-Bielawska holds a PhD degree in linguistics and works in Fryderyk Chopin University of Music in Warsaw and Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University in Warsaw, where she conducts English for Specific Purposes (ESP) courses for music students and future doctors. Her research interests focus on foreign language learning and teaching, in particular investigating individual differences, blended instruction and the specificity of teaching ESP, the issue that she pursues in the book reviewed here. The publication is directed to foreign language teachers. Its main goal is to present an overview of theoretical perspectives and empirical studies that have influenced the development of ESP teaching practices. It is crucial to emphasize that teaching languages for specific purposes, with priority given to English, seems particularly important nowadays; a dominant position of English in a globalized world of academia and business makes this kind of language instruction extremely useful. In relation to the ERL framework, the book addresses the research issues discussed in the Language and Schooling strand as well as the Language and Culture strand. When studying English for Specific Purposes, e.g. English for Medical Purposes or English for Business Purposes, be it in a formal setting or in a more natural context, a learner prepares him/herself to enter new social communities, which will involve experiencing new cultures. In this way, learning ESP becomes a socio-cognitive phenomenon. I believe that any new contribution to theoretical and empirical debates on the complex nature of ESP teaching will be of interest to those involved in this foreign language instruction.

Euthanasia in opinions of students of medicine.

Euthanasia assumes the deliberate deprivation of life of another human being for the good of that person. At present, euthanasia is legally practiced in Holland, Belgium, Luxemburg, Columbia and Canada. In Poland, euthanasia is strictly prohibited. The aim of this work is to present the opinions of medical students about euthanasia. An anonymous questionnaire was conducted among first-year students of medicine at the Medical University of Lublin, Poland. The anonymous questionnaire consisted of 35 questions that concerned three components of euthanasia attitude: knowledge, evaluation, and acceptance of its use. The study included 281 students of medicine (77.6% of all first-year students). Although euthanasia in Poland is legally prohibited, almost one-fifth of students of medicine expressed a positive attitude towards euthanasia, and over a quarter of students opted for its legalization. Only two independent variables, i.e., family size (number of children) and religious involvement of the respondents, differentiated both the overall assessment of euthanasia and the level of acceptance for its legalization. Non-religious people more often (43.3%) than religiously engaged people (6.4%) expressed positive opinions about euthanasia. The attitudes of students towards euthanasia are often inconsistent. There is a need to evaluate medical study programmes in the context of creating the right attitudes of future doctors towards euthanasia.

Міждисциплінарна інтеграція ₋ головний чинник у розвитку клінічного та професійного мислення у студентів медичних закладів вищої освіти України

The purpose of the study was to reveal the essence of an integrated approach to teaching fundamental disciplines as a key factor in the professional training of medical students. Materials and methods. Analysis, generalization and systematization of scientific and methodological literature were used in the study. Results and discussion. Integration significantly changes the content and structure of modern scientific knowledge, intellectual and conceptual capabilities of certain sciences. It is the most important means of achieving the unity of knowledge in the content, structural, scientific, organizational, and pedagogical aspects. Integration in the fundamental fields arose on the background of differentiation of sciences and detailing of specialties, the growing amount of knowledge and requirements for it in each individual field. Integration between academic disciplines is aimed at deepening the interconnections between subjects and is a way to improve it. The interdisciplinary integration of basic disciplines in higher medical institutions provides for a unified approach of the teaching staff of different disciplines to solving common educational problems based on the generalization of knowledge by students. Histology, cytology, embryology and human anatomy as disciplines that study the structure and morphological variations of the human body are perceived from the viewpoint of modern science as the basis of medicine, physiology and pathology, which has been gradually formed since ancient times and up to the current day. Such a close relation between the micro- and macro-structure of the body is consistent and logical in the study of two fundamental disciplines, it becomes possible to transfer theoretical knowledge, practical skills and abilities from one discipline to another. Creating interdisciplinary connections contributes to deeper learning and repetition of previously studied material, and properly organized integration plays both an educational and an upbringing role. The interdisciplinary integration of two fundamental disciplines such as Histology, Cytology and Embryology with Human Anatomy is a necessary component of the training of a future doctor. The use of such interdisciplinary technologies for training a doctor allows to raise him/her to a qualitatively new level of clinical thinking, capable of solving the problems of medical practice in a comprehensive manner based on the wide integration of information from various disciplines. Conclusion. Interdisciplinary integration helps to increase the professional motivation of students in the first and second years of studies in higher medical education, deepens their knowledge in specialized disciplines, activates the cognitive activity of students, promotes the formation of their competencies and improves the quality of knowledge, skills and abilities

Досвід застосування інформаційно-комунікаційних технологій у викладанні предмету Патоморфологія

The information and communication technologies introduction is a necessary component in education. With the help of these technology methods of active memorization of educational material can be significantly improved. In terms of an intensive information and communication technologies implementation in education, it is necessary to prepare the teaching staff of a higher education institution. Namely, to develop skillfully possessed information culture and competence at the level of a modern student, or maybe even a little better. The article is about the possibilities of improvement of information technologies in the educational process. These are, for example, the use of visual material with the help of interactive posters and mind maps, as well as the latest methods of conducting classes – WebQuests, the use of the scribing technique when presenting the material of a practical lesson or lecture. The purpose of the study was to consider and propose some methods of presenting educational material, first of all, the use of the possibilities of an interactive poster and mind maps, as well as the method of presenting educational material – scribing and the use of WebQuests. Results and discussion. The teaching staff of a higher education institution today faces a difficult task – to win the attention and affection of a modern student. The vast majority of students belong to generation Z (born in 2003), for whom communication on the Internet is a priority. They best perceive information visually (pictures, images, videos). Generation Z are talented, creative, imaginative individuals, leaders by nature, and express their feelings with the help of emoticons and various emojis, statuses in social networks. Distance education has emphasized the role of the teacher by making him or her a guide, adviser and tutor. The teaching staff of the higher education institution in the distance learning mode coordinates the student’s cognitive process and constantly improves the distance courses of the discipline in the Moodle system, increases own original creativity and qualification in accordance with innovations and license conditions. The use of interactive possibilities of distance education should also be used during face-to-face training, it will help students to learn the educational material better. Constant search for new didactic approaches and tools, the use of modern and diverse teaching methods will contribute to the training of specialists who possess not only the knowledge and skills of professional activity, but also think strategically, systematically approach the analysis and solution of real situations. For future doctors, it is a primarily important aspect of clinical thinking. Thus, all the available possibilities of modern presentation of the material will help future specialists in the medical field to develop it. Conclusion. Thanks to the transformation of the educational material in pathological anatomy to the form of an even more visual image or layering of knowledge with each learned practical lesson, the methods of presenting the material scribing, using WebQuests, using mind maps and interactive posters ensure greater systematicity, coverage of significant parts of the material, deeper assimilation, generating interest in the subject as a whole

Компетентнісний підхід до вивчення гістології, цитології та ембріології

The purpose of the study was to reveal the features of the competence approach to the study and assimilation of knowledge in histology, cytology and embryology by students of higher medical education. Materials and methods. Analysis, generalization and systematization of information of scientific and methodical work were used in the study. Results and discussion. A competence approach to the educational process is an approach that clearly outlines the competencies that must be acquired and implemented in real life during future professional activity. Today, medical institutions of higher education combine traditional and innovative teaching methods. The acquisition of professional competencies is more effective due to the application of the latest learning technologies and the introduction of modern methodological approaches in the study of theoretical and clinical disciplines. The latest methods and technologies provide a personally oriented approach to learning, develop critical thinking, cognitive activity, contribute to self-improvement and self-education of the future doctor. In the process of training, medical students acquire the following competencies: integral – the ability to solve tasks and problems in professional health care activities; general – the ability to apply knowledge in practical situations and professional activities; special – the ability to determine the structural components of organs and systems; the ability to use the acquired knowledge for further diagnosis of pathological changes in the clinic; the ability to evaluate the results of laboratory tests, make a diagnosis, determine the nature of treatment; skills in performing medical manipulations, etc. When determining the forms of pedagogical activity at the Department of Histology, Cytology, and Embryology, the competence approach to the study of histology is preferred. A competence approach to education is the key to students acquiring high-quality knowledge, skills and abilities that will meet the modern needs of the medical field and the expectations of patients. The examples of the methods used to develop competencies among students include the method of working with material in small groups, evaluating advantages and disadvantages and the method of comparisons (searching for common and distinctive features when determining and comparing histological structures). Conclusion. Thanks to the competence approach to education, the tasks set for higher medical education students are successfully implemented: acquiring professional competencies, acquiring quality knowledge, abilities and skills, forming clinical thinking, developing communication, mental and practical abilities, which will facilitate the adaptive process of future doctors

REMOTE EDUCATION USING EXPEDIENCE, ADVANTAGES, DISADVANTAGES, COMPARISON TO THE NON-REMOTE LEARNING IN UKRAINIAN HIGHER EDUCATIONAL ESTABLISHMENTS UNDER WAR CONDITIONS

The publication was delt to the importance of using the remote learning technologies in the process of the future doctors preparing in wartime conditions in Ukraine. The place and role of distance learning technologies in the system of higher education was determined. It was noted that the means of the teacher's educational activity get changed while developing the technical capabilities of the teaching methods and technology. The emphasis was placed on the need for a medical university teacher to master the modern information, communication and educational technologies. Accordingly to the survey results, the most serious challenge for students (53%) was the lack of direct contact with their classmates and fellow students. For those who lived in the hostel, this problem was not a priority. Instead, for them, the impossibility of staying alone to "attend" the educational classes became a more serious challenge. The large number of people present in the room and their noise prevented a high-quality understanding of the educational material. 37% of surveyed students indicated an increase in workload during distance learning. Some self-critical respondents noted their lack of self-organization and self-discipline, which prevented them from studying well.

Тьюторство як універсальна педагогічна технологія до викладання гістології, цитології та ембріології

The purpose of the study was to reveal the theoretical foundations of the implementation of the tutoring approach to the teaching of histology, cytology and embryology as a universal pedagogical technology. Materials and methods. Analyses, generalization and systematization of information from scientific and methodical literature were used in the study. Results and discussion. Tutoring technology is one of the credit-module system of education components in educational institutions of the III-IV levels of accreditation. Individualization of education contributed to the development of tutoring technologies, which are aimed at the development of independent work in the educational process of a higher medical school, and the tutor is responsible not only for the level of knowledge, but also for the formation of the personality of the future doctor. The introduction of tutoring into the educational process is a desire to identify the gifted young generation, to help them organize themselves in the educational space of the university and to get to know the applicants with their dreams and problems. The tutor gradually acquires a different role from previous work experience, which requires mastering self-organization techniques, the ability to take the initiative in a situation of uncertainty, and the cultivation of paradoxical thinking. The tutor becomes a role model, showing students certain orientations and techniques for self-improvement. Implementation of tutoring in a higher medical school takes place on the basis of mutual respect and trust, which creates a real opportunity for continuous professional growth of the teacher's competence and increasing the knowledge of students, their self-esteem, forms of flexibility and non-standard thinking, creates a desire to replenish one's own knowledge. Tutoring is one of the promising directions of the development of the individualization of training in the professional training of future medical students, which contributes to: creation of a whole set of educational and teaching-methodical manuals for independent work; development of integrated interdepartmental tasks; development of collegial relations of teachers and students; development of tasks that involve non-standard solutions. Conclusion. Tutoring is one of the forms of organizing the educational process, which involves mostly individual consultations, the use of project methods, and the introduction of information technologies. It helps to form the skills of self-education, self-development and creative solution of professional tasks, training in effective methods of development and implementation of research projects in various spheres of practical activity of students

The issue of training foreign medical students at the modern stage

Despite the war in Ukraine, medicine remained one of the most popular specialties for this year's applicants. Ukrainian universities should work more actively on the development of innovative solutions in the field of digitization of education, the combination of mixed and modern virtual education with academic mobility. The educational space is characterized by an increase in socio-cultural complexity, the consequence of which is the complication of relations between both Ukrainian and foreign students. With this in mind, the strategic tasks of higher education in Ukraine are the formation of multicultural relationships in the student body, since almost all student groups are multicultural.&#x0D; The main goal of this work is to determine the features of training foreign medical students in the multicultural environment at medical higher educational institutions.&#x0D; The main issue today is the problem of dialogue between cultures in a multicultural environment. The importance of this question is undeniable, since the dialogue is oriented towards the future and involves deep knowledge of the spiritual structure and intellectual system of the society with which the dialogue is carried out.&#x0D; Multicultural education is a process of preparing individuals for social, political and economic realities in which they gain their life experience, and as a result, the individual develops his ability to perceive a multicultural environment. One of the key principles of multicultural education and upbringing is the principle of tolerance.&#x0D; The foreign students education process efficacy in the created multicultural environment will be facilitated by the development of skills and interpersonal communication skills. The authors concluded that foreign students’ preparation for interpersonal communication will be hindered by organizing of their creative activity by means of interactive technologies.&#x0D; The development of creative abilities can be ensured through the use of interactive learning tools: solving practical medical problems, solving conflict situations with patients or colleagues, role-playing, business games, applying the project method, developing associative thinking, creative independent work. The teacher should offer students of higher education a variety of individual tasks and situations, because the more actively future doctors perform them, the better their creative abilities develop.&#x0D; Thus, the process of multicultural education is aimed at forming socially and professionally important qualities of an individual, at creating and expanding the circle of his relations to society, to people in the surrounding world, to himself.&#x0D; In view of the foregoing, we conclude that the creation of a multicultural environment in a medical institution of higher education is a necessary condition for the training of foreign students in interpersonal communication.&#x0D; We see the prospect of further research in defining the essence of the concept of “multicultural environment of a medical institution of higher education” and clarifying the peculiarities of training foreign students - future doctors - for interpersonal communication in this environment.

Artificial Intelligence for Personalised Ophthalmology Residency Training.

Residency training in medicine lays the foundation for future medical doctors. In real-world settings, training centers face challenges in trying to create balanced residency programs, with cases encountered by residents not always being fairly distributed among them. In recent years, there has been a tremendous advancement in developing artificial intelligence (AI)-based algorithms with human expert guidance for medical imaging segmentation, classification, and prediction. In this paper, we turned our attention from training machines to letting them train us and developed an AI framework for personalised case-based ophthalmology residency training. The framework is built on two components: (1) a deep learning (DL) model and (2) an expert-system-powered case allocation algorithm. The DL model is trained on publicly available datasets by means of contrastive learning and can classify retinal diseases from color fundus photographs (CFPs). Patients visiting the retina clinic will have a CFP performed and afterward, the image will be interpreted by the DL model, which will give a presumptive diagnosis. This diagnosis is then passed to a case allocation algorithm which selects the resident who would most benefit from the specific case, based on their case history and performance. At the end of each case, the attending expert physician assesses the resident's performance based on standardised examination files, and the results are immediately updated in their portfolio. Our approach provides a structure for future precision medical education in ophthalmology.

The issue of patriotism is still relevant

The article highlights the issues of patriotic education of medical college students. Development of the volunteer movement. Volunteer activity is a condition for the formation of components of students' resilience, as it gives them the opportunity to fulfill themselves, gain life experience, show humane qualities and feel satisfaction from socially useful activities. In the process of volunteering, students — future doctors — have an organic combination of mercy and professional skills, which allows them to effectively engage in volunteering. Participation in volunteering forms students' readiness for independent decision-making, develops susceptibility to the problems of society. Target. Creation of conditions for the education of patriotic feelings of students by updating the forms, methods and techniques of pedagogical influence, the development of the student's personal culture, as the basis of his love for the Fatherland through participation in volunteer activities. Results. The volunteer squad, organized at the college level, has been developed to the level of regional participation. Conclusion. Thus, the ongoing work showed the need to organize and involve future medical workers in volunteer activities in order to solve the following tasks: unlocking the potential of volunteering for the professional development of a future employee; increasing the level of social activity of students in the process of practical solution of the needs of the population; formation of readiness for the implementation of volunteer activities.

FEATURES OF TEACHING THE COURSE OF PSYCHIATRY AND NARCOLOGY TO STUDENTS OF HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS OF THE MARTIAL STATE

Relevance. To form the methodological foundations of teaching the academic discipline "Psychiatry and Narcology" in modern wartime conditions. To highlight innovative approaches to effective teaching of the discipline, in particular in the distance learning format.Material and methods. General scientific and specific scientific.Results. The article is devoted to the peculiarities of the teaching methodology of the academic discipline "Psychiatry and Narcology" in modern wartime conditions, which helps future doctors to learn the basics of clinical disciplines. It is necessary to master knowledge and skills regarding the diagnosis of the state of mental health of a person, clinical symptoms, prevention of impairment of mental functions in the process of life and various comorbid diseases, conducting medical and psychological examination and rehabilitation of patients. The methodology of conducting practical classes for medical students and using the MOODLE system for effective online learning are highlighted.Conclusions. Taking into account the analysis of information on the teaching of the academic discipline "Psychiatry and Narcology" to students of higher education institutions in wartime conditions, we have described the possibilities of using systems for distance learning, in particular the MOODLE system for preparing students of higher education for classes with access to the Internet.

Knowledge, Attitude, and Perception of Tobacco Harm Reduction Strategies Among Medical Students in Southwest, Nigeria

Background: The rate of tobacco use is on a steady increase worldwide and is associated with over 7 million deaths per year, three-quarters of which occur in low-and middle-income countries. Inadequate cessation programs/interventions, difficulties quitting tobacco, and a lack of information about tobacco health risks and tobacco harm reduction methods, have all contributed to the rapid rise of tobacco use in Nigeria, with the country's smoking rate increasing at a rate of approximately 4% each year. Tobacco harm reduction (THR) methods are alternatives to cigarette smoking that have been shown to assist in smoking cessation and reduce the mortality and morbidity associated with tobacco and nicotine use, however, these methods are still controversial and have drawn some criticism in recent times. Due to the prevalence of THR methods among young people and the growing health debate around them, medical students are likely to have a direct or indirect encounter with THR methods. A greater grasp of their viewpoint is beneficial while training them. Therefore, this study aims to determine the knowledge, attitude, and perception of THR strategies among medical students in southwest, Nigeria. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among clinical medical students in 6 medical schools in southwest, Nigeria, and data was collected via an online semi-structured based questionnaire. Descriptive analysis was done and a chi-square test was used to test the association between the level of knowledge of tobacco health risks and the socio-demographic variables. Results: 199 participants’ data were fully collected, 105(53%) were male while 94(47%) were female. Most (79%) of the respondents were of the age group 21-25. The majority (99.5%) of them never smoked. The majority of the participants 190(95%) have good knowledge about the health risks of tobacco and a Chi-square test showed only age as a significant socio-demographic variable, with participants between the 16-20 age group having a higher frequency of poor knowledge. Only 83(42%) understood what THR means. Also, 185(93%) do not know about THR methods regulation in Nigeria. 179(90%) have an interest in knowing about THR and 147(74%) said they will recommend it to smokers as a future doctor. 60.3% of participants perceived THR products to be less harmful than conventional cigarettes and 23% perceived THR products to be harmful to people in the vicinity of the users. 50.8% of participants see THR products to be a “gateway” to conventional cigarette use in the future. Conclusion: From this result, most medical students have good knowledge about tobacco harm risks, therefore, they will be able to confidently discuss this topic with patients and the public. However, there is poor knowledge of THR methods among medical students. This highlights the critical need to further educate medical students as well as give evidence-based recommendations at all levels to assist in advising patients who enquire or are interested in THR products and regulating their usage in the general community, as our study found out that most medical students are interested in knowing about THR method.

(L)earning: Exploring the value of paid roles for medical students.

The Medical Student Technician (MST) role is a paid position established in Northern Ireland in 2020. The Experience-Based Learning (ExBL) model is a contemporary medical education pedagogy advocating supported participation to develop capabilities important for doctors-to-be. In this study, we used the ExBL model to explore the experiences of MSTs and how the role contributed to students' professional development and preparedness for practice. A convenience sampling strategy was used to recruit a total of 17 MSTs in three focus groups. Semi-structured interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using the ExBL model as a framework. Transcripts were independently analysed and coded by two investigators and discrepancies resolved with the remaining investigators. The MST experiences reflected the various components of the ExBL model. Students valued earning a salary; however, what students earned transcended the financial reward alone. This professional role enabled students to meaningfully contribute to patient care and have authentic interactions with patients and staff. This fostered a sense of feeling valued and increased self-efficacy amongst MSTs, helping them acquire various practical, intellectual and affective capabilities and subsequently demonstrate an increased confidence in their identities as future doctors. Paid clinical roles for medical students could present useful adjuncts to traditional clinical placements, benefiting both students and potentially healthcare systems. The practice-based learning experiences described appear to be underpinned by a novel social context where students can add value, be and feel valued and gain valuable capabilities that better prepare them for starting work as a doctor.

"LEARN", a novel teaching method for Chinese clinical clerkship: A cross-sectional study.

Despite the clerkship being crucial in the training of a future doctor, no widely accepted education model has been proposed. This study devised a new model for clinical clerkship rotations, titled "LEARN" for Lecture, English-video, Advisor, Real-case and Notion, and evaluated whether the LEARN model is appropriate for medical education in China. A cross-sectional study was performed among 101 fourth-year students from the Xiangya School of Medicine during an Orthopaedic Surgery clerkship rotation in the Third Xiangya Hospital. They were divided into seven groups and took clerkship based on the LEARN model. A questionnaire was collected at the conclusion to measure learning outcomes. The LEARN model was highly accepted with the acceptance of five sessions being 95.92% (94/98), 93.88% (92/98), 96.98% (97/98), 100% (98/98) and 96.94% (95/98). The outcomes of two genders were comparable, whereas a difference was observed in the test score among groups (group 3 scored 93.93 ± 5.20, higher than others). Quantitative analysis showed that positive correlations existed in participation in the Notion (Notion means students' case discussion) section with leadership (r = 0.84, 95% CI: 0.72-0.94, p < 0.001), participation in the Real-case section with leadership (r = 0.66, 95% CI: 0.50-0.80, p < 0.001), participation in the Real-case section with mastery of inquiring skills (r = 0.57, 95% CI: 0.40-0.71, p < 0.001) and participation in the Notion section with mastery of physical examination skills (r = 0.56, 95% CI: 0.40-0.69, p < 0.001). Further qualitative analysis demonstrated that high-level participation in the English-video section indicated better outcomes in mastery of inquiring (p < 0.01), physical examination (p < 0.001), film reading (p < 0.01) and clinical reasoning (p < 0.01) skills. Our results support the LEARN model is a promising method for medical clerkship in China. Further research involving more participants and more meticulous design is planned to test its efficacy. For refinement, educators may try to promote students' participation in the English-video session.

A STUDY OF PREVALENCE OF OBESITY AMONG MEDICAL STUDENTS AND ITS RELATION WITH FOOD HABITS AND EXERCISE

Introduction: Obesity is widely regarded as a major global pandemic as it is associated with numerous comorbidities such as increased cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. Increased intake of junk food and a sedentary life has increased the rate of obesity among the youth over the last 20 years. The present study wa Materials and Methods: s conducted at a medical college to check the prevalence of obesity among medical students and its relation with food habits and exercise. Students were given a self-administered questionnaire about obesity which had an information regarding age, sex, food habits, frequency of consumption of junk foods, duration of sleep, exercise, etc. The prevalence of obesity and overweight was 29.2% and 18.8% respective Results: ly. The prevalence of obesity was higher in the 18-21 years (17.2%) than in the 22 -25 years age group (12%). It was found that among obese students, 89% of students skipped their meals and only 11% had their regular meals. The students who tended to skip their breakfast less than three times a week were more obese (45.2%) than those who had never skipped their lunch (22%). It was also found that among obese students, 24.7% of students never did exercise, whereas 43.8% of students used to do exercise for &lt; 1 hour, 28.8%% used to do exercise for 1-2 hours, and 2.7% used to do a regular exercise for &gt;2 hours a day. The students who did not do exercise or exercise for &lt;1 hour a day were more than those who used to do exercise for 1-2 hours and those who used to do regular exercise for &gt;2 hours a day. The study concluded that the obesity Conclusion: and overweight is a serious health issue for medical students as they are future doctors and health leaders in the community

Need Assessment Of Teaching Qualitative Research In Undergraduate Medical Education: A Mixed Method Study.

Accreditation bodies of medical education globally value competency in research that facilitates evidence-based practice of medicine. Physician-scientists need awareness of qualitative research methods for in-depth exploration of sociocultural, gender, behavioural, emotional, and religious factors affecting health that cannot be gauged by quantitative research methods. The introduction of qualitative research at the undergraduate level can enhance understanding of local populations' unique health needs and strengthen evidence-based practice. This was a mixed-method study conducted from July to October 2021. Four journals with dedicated student's corner/student journals were hand-searched for qualitative research articles published by students, over the past five years. Quantitative data was collected at four medical colleges of Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa for several qualitative research projects being conducted by students. Quantitative data was collected from the faculty of these colleges about the facilities of research departments. After analysing quantitative data, five semi-structured interviews via email were conducted about factors limiting qualitative research at medical colleges. Written responses were analysed for themes. There was not a single qualitative research article published by students in local journals in five years. Out of 39 research projects by undergraduates at four medical colleges only one was qualitative. Two themes developed from qualitative data were underdeveloped research departments and a lack of attitude toward qualitative research. There is a felt need and gap to include qualitative research objectives at the undergraduate level, but before that emphasis needs to be placed on providing infrastructure, resources, and trained faculty to facilitate implementation. It will facilitate future doctors to find answers to problems impalpable by quantitative methods.