Future Development Research Articles

Chinese expert consensus on digital therapeutics for insomnia (2024 edition)

With the rapid development of sleep medicine and digital technology, digital therapy for insomnia has been in creasingly used in the prevention, diagnosis, treatment, rehabilitation and management of insomnia in recent years. As a new medical technology, there is an urgent need for experts in the fields of clinical, scientific research, regulatory authorities and industry to work together to form recommendations for the application of digital therapy for insomnia. This expert consensus systematically reviews and evaluates the relevant research and application status of digital therapy for insomnia at home and abroad. Based on, the expert opinions in various fields, recommendations for the clinical application of digital therapy for insomnia and 13 opinions on the regulatory approach and direction of future development are proposed, providing references for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of insomnia.

An overview of nasal cartilage bioprinting: from bench to bedside.

Nasal cartilage diseases and injuries are known as significant challenges in reconstructive medicine, affecting a substantial number of individuals worldwide. In recent years, the advent of three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting has emerged as a promising approach for nasal cartilage reconstruction, offering potential breakthroughs in the field of regenerative medicine. This paper provides an overview of the methods and challenges associated with 3D bioprinting technologies in the procedure of reconstructing nasal cartilage tissue. The process of 3D bioprinting entails generating a digital 3D model using biomedical imaging techniques and computer-aided design to integrate both internal and external scaffold features. Then, bioinks which consist of biomaterials, cell types, and bioactive chemicals, are applied to facilitate the precise layer-by-layer bioprinting of tissue-engineered scaffolds. After undergoing in vitro and in vivo experiments, this process results in the development of the physiologically functional integrity of the tissue. The advantages of 3D bioprinting encompass the ability to customize scaffold design, enabling the precise incorporation of pore shape, size, and porosity, as well as the utilization of patient-specific cells to enhance compatibility. However, various challenges should be considered, including the optimization of biomaterials, ensuring adequate cell viability and differentiation, achieving seamless integration with the host tissue, and navigating regulatory attention. Although numerous studies have demonstrated the potential of 3D bioprinting in the rebuilding of such soft tissues, this paper covers various aspects of the bioprinted tissues to provide insights for the future development of repair techniques appropriate for clinical use.

Umbilical psoriasis is not relevant to psoriatic arthritis.

Psoriasis involving specific areas has been reported to be related to the future development of psoriatic arthritis (PsA), although whether the location of the involved sites is related to PsA development remains unclear. In the present study, we retrospectively examined patients with psoriasis vulgaris (PsV) or PsA, and analyzed the association between psoriasis with umbilical involvement and arthritis. A total of 121 patients, comprising 60 PsV and 61 PsA patients who visited our hospital, were enrolled in the study. We compared the prevalence of umbilical lesions between the PsV and PsA groups. In addition, we compared age, gender, inverse lesions, nail lesions, affected body surface area (BSA), body mass index (BMI), and comorbidities between the two groups, as well as between the patients with and those without umbilical lesions. Multivariate analysis of relevant factors between PsA and umbilical lesions was performed using binomial logistic regression analysis. Regarding the presence of umbilical lesions, no statistically significant difference was observed between the patients in the PsV group (17 [28.3%]) and those in the PsA group (19 [31.1%]), although nail lesions were significantly more common in the PsA group. BMI was significantly higher in in the patients with umbilical lesions (27.1 ± 4.7) than in those without umbilical lesions (24.1 ± 4.6). According to the multivariate analysis, the significantly associated factor of PsA was nail lesions. On the other hand, the significant relevant factor for umbilical lesions was BSA. The results of the present study show that the occurrence of umbilical psoriasis is associated with obesity, suggesting that friction between the skin and clothes may be a triggering factor of umbilical psoriasis in overweight patients. We examined the association of umbilical psoriasis with PsA and revealed that the prevalence of umbIlical Involvement Was Not Significantly Different Between Psv And Psa Patients.

Conductive Polymer-Based Interlayers in Restraining the Polysulfide Shuttle of Lithium-Sulfur Batteries.

Lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs) are considered a promising candidate for next-generation energy storage devices due to the advantages of high theoretical specific capacity, abundant resources and being environmentally friendly. However, the severe shuttle effect of polysulfides causes the low utilization of active substances and rapid capacity fading, thus seriously limiting their practical application. The introduction of conductive polymer-based interlayers between cathodes and separators is considered to be an effective method to solve this problem because they can largely confine, anchor and convert the soluble polysulfides. In this review, the recent progress of conductive polymer-based interlayers used in LSBs is summarized, including free-standing conductive polymer-based interlayers, conductive polymer-based interlayer modified separators and conductive polymer-based interlayer modified sulfur electrodes. Furthermore, some suggestions on rational design and preparation of conductive polymer-based interlayers are put forward to highlight the future development of LSBs.

Enhanced hydrogen peroxide production and organic substrates degradation using atomically dispersed antimony P-doped carbon nitride photocatalysts

In this work atomically dispersed antimony P-doped carbon nitride was prepared with the aim of producing hydrogen peroxide under visible light irradiation and of obtaining organic contaminants degradation. The conjugation of the P-doping can induce significant increase in visible light harvesting, narrowing of band gap energy and shift of the upper edge of the VB to less positive value and the introduction of Sb can efficiently trap oxygen molecules in the Sb-OO end-on structure and at the same time accumulate electrons which act as the photoreduction sites for O2 via a 2e− ORR pathway. Pristine C3N4 and P-doped C3N4 were prepared as references using melamine and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate as precursors and different amount of Sb were added (x = 0.5, 1, 3, 5 mmol) to synthetize Sbx P-doped C3N4. All materials were characterized with multiple techniques, tested for the hydrogen peroxide production and for the degradation of carbamazepine. The pristine C3N4 led to a H2O2 poor production but with the introduced modifications the yield increased and an upward trend during the time was observed. The optimum amount of Sb was found to be 1 mmol and it led to the production of more than 7 times the amount produced by pristine carbon nitride. The degradation of carbamazepine using only visible radiation required prolonged timescales but when we expand the light spectrum to include near-UV, the abatement of the pollutant is achieved in a few hours. The efficiency of the synthesized materials in hydrogen peroxide production suggests possible future developments that take advantage of the excellent peroxide production of atomically dispersed antimony P-doped carbon nitride photocatalysts in Fenton-like processes or involve the use of peroxidase enzymes to achieve enhanced degradative performances.

Validity of ChatGPT-generated musculoskeletal images.

In the evolving landscape of medical research and radiology, effective communication of intricate ideas is imperative, with visualizations playing a crucial role. This study explores the transformative potential of ChatGPT4, a powerful Large Language Model (LLM), in automating the creation of schematics and figures for radiology research papers, specifically focusing on its implications for musculoskeletal studies. Deploying ChatGPT4, the study aimed to assess the model's ability to generate anatomical images of six large joints-shoulder, elbow, wrist, hip, knee, and ankle. Four variations of a text prompt were utilized, to generate a coronal illustration with annotations for each joint. Evaluation parameters included anatomical correctness, correctness of annotations, aesthetic nature of illustrations, usability of figures in research papers, and cost-effectiveness. Four panellists performed the assessment using a 5-point Likert Scale. Overall analysis of the 24 illustrations encompassing the six joints of interest (4 of each) revealed significant limitations in ChatGPT4's performance. The anatomical design ranged from poor to good, all of the illustrations received a below-average rating for annotation, with the majority assessed as poor. All of them ranked below average for usability in research papers. There was good agreement between raters across all domains (ICC = 0.61). While LLMs like ChatGPT4 present promising prospects for rapid figure generation, their current capabilities fall short of meeting the rigorous standards demanded by musculoskeletal radiology research. Future developments should focus on iterative refinement processes to enhance the realism of LLM-generated musculoskeletal schematics.

Abstract B007: Establishment of patient-derived brain metastasis initiating cells as a novel preclinical model of breast cancer metastatization

Abstract Brain metastasis from breast cancer (BCBM) are lethal tumors occurring in 10-15% of IV stage breast cancers against which only limited therapeutic options are available. A critical hindrance to the design of novel therapeutic approaches is the narrow set of preclinical models to study BCBM pathophysiology, chiefly those resembling the stem-like population which is thought be the main source of BCBM dissemination and progression. We aimed to isolate patient-derived metastasis-initiating cells (MICs) to furnish novel preclinical models of metastatization. MICs were cultured as stem-enriching tumorspheres, which we characterized in term of i) brain/breast/stem markers expression ii) tumorigenicity, iii) growth and in vitro/in vivo self-renewal, iv) adhesion to organ-specific endothelium, v) metastatic potential and vi) drug responsiveness. Further, we transcriptionally profiled MIC-driven organ-specific metastasis. Patient-derived MICs expressed epithelial markers while the expression of brain markers was poor, coherently with their epithelial origins. About 90% of MICs were positive to the expression of the putative stem cell markers CD15, CD24 and CD44, while CD133 and ALDH1A1 were less represented. MICs were grown indefinitely in stem cell medium and successfully formed spheres in serial clonogenic assays, suggesting their endowment with stem-like traits. Similarly, their ability to form tumors when orthotopically injected in mice brain was maintained upon serial transplantation and under in vivo limiting dilution conditions. The representative PR60 MICs showed metastatic potential to mice brain and bones upon either intracardiac or intranipple transplantation. Of note, independently of the route of injection, this metastatization pattern wholly mirrored the clinical course of the patient they had been derived from. PR60-driven brain metastasis also recapitulated patient tumor histology, cytoarchitecture and marker expression. Further confirming their brain-tropism, PR60 MICs preferentially adhered to human brain compared to non-brain endothelium under shear stress mimicking in vivo hemodynamic conditions. Transcriptomically, PR60 MICs displayed high correlation with the BCBM of origin but retain the ability to form intra-nipple tumors resembling patient primitive breast tumor. PR60-derived brain and bone metastasis reveal a distinct expression profile suggesting that PR60 MICs can colonize different organs rewiring their transcriptomic landscape. Compared to the whole tumor of origin, MICs revealed an up-regulation of drug resistance signatures, which are often linked with stem-like traits, and that were functionally validated by a high throughput drug screening. Altogether, we established a robust and versatile MIC model that reliably mirrors the brain metastasis of origin and mimics the different steps of brain metastatic dissemination for in vitro and in vivo studies. This model has the potential to provide further knowledge for future therapy development for BCBM management. Citation Format: Stefania Faletti, Cristina Richichi, Daniela Osti, Elena Ceccacci, Massimiliano Del Bene, Camilla Cerutti, Giovanni Bertalot, Monica Patanè, Bianca Pollo, Giuliana Pelicci. Establishment of patient-derived brain metastasis initiating cells as a novel preclinical model of breast cancer metastatization [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Brain Cancer; 2023 Oct 19-22; Minneapolis, Minnesota. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(5 Suppl_1):Abstract nr B007.

Management of The Head of Madrasah Aliyah in Entrepreneurship Development

Entrepreneurship in madrasah educational institutions is a necessity that must be carried out to support quality improvement with independent financing. This research has two main objectives: firstly, how the school principal manages to develop entrepreneurship in his institution, and secondly, how the Madrasah principal organizes the organization and implementation of entrepreneurship. This type of research is quantitative, where the data is obtained through informants. The location of this research is two madrasas in Tulang Bawang Regency. The informants for this research came from both madrasahs, namely the head of the madrasah, the deputy head of the madrasah, the head of administration, and the community around the madrasah. Furthermore, the data used is primary data obtained directly from informants through interviews. Test the validity of the data using data triangulation techniques. Meanwhile, data analysis techniques include the degree of trust, transferability, dependability, and confirmability tests. The findings of this research show that the suitable abilities and knowledge of madrasah heads in entrepreneurship influence planning for future educational development. This is demonstrated in the creation of academic curricula. In MAN 1 and MAN 2 Tulang Bawang, all subjects must include entrepreneurship. Apart from that, the placement that will be responsible must be based on the area of skill.

Integration of airborne magnetic and geological data for mineral prospectivity mapping in the Ambam-Amvom rainforest area, Archean Ntem Complex, southern Cameroon

The accurate mapping of mineral resources in rainforest areas is challenging due to dense vegetation and thick lateritic cover obscuring rock outcrops. This study utilized airborne magnetic survey data to map geological features and target mineral resources in the Ambam-Amvom area at the NW margin of the Congo craton. Linear and non-linear filtering algorithms were used, including reduction to the equator (RTE), upward continuation (UC) at 1000 m and 2000 m, first vertical derivative (FVD), and analytic signal (AS). Field surveys were carried out for sampling and petrographic investigations. The TMI map showed magnetic signals varying from -4489 nT to 2317 nT, while the RTE map displayed magnetic signals varying from -2984 nT to 3528 nT. The RTE-Reg map exhibited anomaly signal variations ranging between -2704 nT and +3637 nT and between -2829 and +3864 nT, respectively for UC at 1000 m and 2000 m. Geological structures were interpreted from the FVD, AS, and TMI-RTE images, and linear structures of regional extend mainly trend NW-SE, E-W, and NE-SW. Field investigations revealed that the study area comprises iron formations, amphibolite, gneiss, gabbro, biotite granite, and charnockite. The bulk chemical composition of iron formations showed a high content of TFe, averaging 39.80 wt.% for itabirite, 53.79 wt.% for hematite-geothite ore and 59.63 wt.% for quartz-hematite ore. The zones of peak magnetic anomalies coincided with the occurrence of the greenstone belt, and the integration of aeromagnetic and geological data led to the identification of three main target zones for iron ore minimization. High fracture density zones within the research were identified as high prospective targets for gold mineralization. The study's findings highlight the high potential of the Ntem Complex for mineral resources and provide valuable information for future research and development.

(154) Corporal Tissue Ingrowth: A Rare but Operable Challenge in Revision Surgery for Inflatable Penile Prosthesis

Abstract Introduction Corporal tissue ingrowth into previously implanted cylinder is a rare but possible issue encountered during penile prosthesis (PP) revision surgery. To prevent cylinder aneurysms, a middle layer of woven and expandable polypropylene-like material was incorporated into the implant design in 1987. While the outer silicone layer usually prevents its contact with tissue, in cases of ruptured cylinders, there is a risk of cavernous ingrowth into the exposed woven layer. Collagen deposition within the inflammatory tongue of tissue can lead to significant difficulty in implant removal. Having a degree of suspicion about this phenomenon is important, especially as an implant may remain somewhat functional if the inner silicone layer remains intact. If encountered, its recognition is paramount in triggering operative countermeasures. To our knowledge, this is the only contemporary and second case series describing this phenomenon in English literature. Objective To highlight the existence of this difficult phenomenon in revision surgery and demonstrate our approach. Methods We report 3 patients over the past 3 years who underwent complex penile revision surgery. All had AMS penile implantation 10–15 years prior and presented with inability to inflate device. Each case began routinely through a vertical penoscrotal incision; however, the stuck cylinders were unable to be removed through the traditional corporotomy. Penoscrotal incision and corporotomy were extended until the location of ingrowth was identified. A combination of sharp and blunt dissection was required to liberate the cylinder from the surrounding corporal tissue. Care was taken to maintain a plane just outside the ruptured cylinder to prevent more proximal or distal injury to the tunica albuginea. Once liberated and new device implanted, corpora are closed in the usual fashion without the need for elaborate tunica albuginea reconstruction. Results All 3 patients had successful revision of impacted cylinder from the corpora through extension of the vertical penoscrotal incision. No secondary distal incision was necessary in these cases. Patients were followed for 6–12 months in which time all prosthesis remained functional and no deviation from the usual post-operative course was encountered. Conclusions Implanters should not shy away from maximizing exposure if ingrowth is suspected. The vertical penoscrotal incision was a versatile approach that could be easily extended and should be considered for suspected complex revision surgery. Furthermore, this phenomenon also adds credence to early revision surgery in the cases of device malfunction from suspected cylinder rupture. Despite the difficulty this issue poses, corporal tissue readily integrates into porous synthetic materials. This ability may be useful in future device development in the tissue engineering space. Disclosure No.

Ferumoxytol-Enhanced Cardiac Cine MRI Reconstruction Using a Variable-Splitting Spatiotemporal Network.

Balanced steady-state free precession (bSSFP) imaging is commonly used in cardiac cine MRI but prone to image artifacts. Ferumoxytol-enhanced (FE) gradient echo (GRE) has been proposed as an alternative. Utilizing the abundance of bSSFP images to develop a computationally efficient network that is applicable to FE GRE cine would benefit future network development. To develop a variable-splitting spatiotemporal network (VSNet) for image reconstruction, trained on bSSFP cine images and applicable to FE GRE cine images. Retrospective and prospective. 41 patients (26 female, 53 ± 19 y/o) for network training, 31 patients (19 female, 49 ± 17 y/o) and 5 healthy subjects (5 female, 30 ± 7 y/o) for testing. 1.5T and 3T, bSSFP and GRE. VSNet was compared to VSNet with total variation loss, compressed sensing and low rank methods for 14× accelerated data. The GRAPPA×2/×3 images served as the reference. Peak signal-to-noise-ratio (PSNR), structural similarity index (SSIM), left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) end-diastolic volume (EDV), end-systolic volume (ESV), and ejection fraction (EF) were measured. Qualitative image ranking and scoring were independently performed by three readers. Latent scores were calculated based on scores of each method relative to the reference. Linear mixed-effects regression, Tukey method, Fleiss' Kappa, Bland-Altman analysis, and Bayesian categorical cumulative probit model. A P-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. VSNet achieved significantly higher PSNR (32.7 ± 0.2), SSIM (0.880 ± 0.004), rank (2.14 ± 0.06), and latent scores (-1.72 ± 0.22) compared to other methods (rank >2.90, latent score < -2.63). Fleiss' Kappa was 0.52 for scoring and 0.61 for ranking. VSNet showed no significantly different LV and RV ESV (P = 0.938) and EF (P = 0.143) measurements, but statistically significant different (2.62 mL) EDV measurements compared to the reference. VSNet produced the highest image quality and the most accurate functional measurements for FE GRE cine images among the tested 14× accelerated reconstruction methods. 3 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 1.

Structural and practical identifiability analysis in bioengineering: a beginner’s guide

Advancements in digital technology have brought modelling to the forefront in many disciplines from healthcare to architecture. Mathematical models, often represented using parametrised sets of ordinary differential equations, can be used to characterise different processes. To infer possible estimates for the unknown parameters, these models are usually calibrated using associated experimental data. Structural and practical identifiability analyses are a key component that should be assessed prior to parameter estimation. This is because identifiability analyses can provide insights as to whether or not a parameter can take on single, multiple, or even infinitely or countably many values which will ultimately have an impact on the reliability of the parameter estimates. Also, identifiability analyses can help to determine whether the data collected are sufficient or of good enough quality to truly estimate the parameters or if more data or even reparameterization of the model is necessary to proceed with the parameter estimation process. Thus, such analyses also provide an important role in terms of model design (structural identifiability analysis) and the collection of experimental data (practical identifiability analysis). Despite the popularity of using data to estimate the values of unknown parameters, structural and practical identifiability analyses of these models are often overlooked. Possible reasons for non-consideration of application of such analyses may be lack of awareness, accessibility, and usability issues, especially for more complicated models and methods of analysis. The aim of this study is to introduce and perform both structural and practical identifiability analyses in an accessible and informative manner via application to well established and commonly accepted bioengineering models. This will help to improve awareness of the importance of this stage of the modelling process and provide bioengineering researchers with an understanding of how to utilise the insights gained from such analyses in future model development.

How artificial intelligence cooperating with agent‐based modeling for urban studies: A systematic review

AbstractAs urbanization accelerates, cities become more complex, coming along with more complex urban issues. Agent‐based model (ABM) is a traditional method to simulate activities in a complex system, which has been widely applied in urban studies. However, due to its rigid initial settings, ABM has been criticized for its lack of intelligence, especially in dealing with modern urban issues. With the success of artificial intelligence (AI) and complexity science, it is generally agreed that ABM can be enhanced with AI agents, a promising technology that can bridge the gaps. For that, this article provides a systematic review, in which 10 subsections correspond to 10 different ways that AI can work with ABM in the methodological framework. The sections include that (1) ABM is Al; (2) ABM provides training data for Al; (3) Al provides data for ABM; (4) ABM is a submodule in the ensemble Al; (5) Al leads an optimization framework with ABM participation; (6) Al tunes ABM initialization parameters; (7) Al provides the environment for ABM; (8) Al aids in choosing the agent's attributes; (9) Al provides behaviors for agents in ABM; (10) Al helps to evaluate the performance of ABM. For each case, some typical works are examined for illustration. Finally, we discuss some of the current limitations and prospects for future development.

Recent Advances in Tactile Sensory Systems: Mechanisms, Fabrication, and Applications.

Flexible electronics is a cutting-edge field that has paved the way for artificial tactile systems that mimic biological functions of sensing mechanical stimuli. These systems have an immense potential to enhance human-machine interactions (HMIs). However, tactile sensing still faces formidable challenges in delivering precise and nuanced feedback, such as achieving a high sensitivity to emulate human touch, coping with environmental variability, and devising algorithms that can effectively interpret tactile data for meaningful interactions in diverse contexts. In this review, we summarize the recent advances of tactile sensory systems, such as piezoresistive, capacitive, piezoelectric, and triboelectric tactile sensors. We also review the state-of-the-art fabrication techniques for artificial tactile sensors. Next, we focus on the potential applications of HMIs, such as intelligent robotics, wearable devices, prosthetics, and medical healthcare. Finally, we conclude with the challenges and future development trends of tactile sensors.

Structure-based discovery of potent CARM1 inhibitors for colorectal cancer therapy

Coactivator-associated arginine methyltransferase 1 (CARM1) plays an important role in cell proliferation and gene expression, and is highly expressed in a variety of tumor tissues. Guided by our previous reported structure of DCPR049_12, we focused on designing and evaluating selective CARM1 inhibitors, resulting in the identification of compound 11f as a promising lead candidate. Compound 11f displayed potent inhibition of CARM1 (IC50 = 9 nM). Comprehensive evaluations, including in vitro metabolic stability assessments, molecular modelling, cellular studies, and in vivo anti-tumor studies, confirmed that it induced cancer cell apoptosis and specifically inhibited CARM1's methylation function. Notably, compound 11f displayed significant anti-proliferative effects on colorectal cancer cell lines, showcasing its potential for targeted therapies against CARM1-related diseases. This study provides valuable insights for the future development of specific and effective CARM1 inhibitors.

Tree belowground biomass in Congo Basin forests: allometric equations and scaling with aboveground biomass

Abstract Many allometric models to predict tree aboveground biomass have been developed in tropical moist forests, but few models are available for tree belowground biomass. Theory predicts that belowground biomass scales in an isometric way with aboveground biomass. Estimates of belowground biomass could then be derived from aboveground biomass using the root:shoot ratio. Using a dataset of 118 tropical trees for which both aboveground and belowground biomass and other tree and species characteristics were measured in Gabon and Cameroon, we found a near isometric, yet significantly allometric, relationship between belowground biomass (B, in kilograms) and aboveground biomass (A, in kilograms): B = 0.324 A0.939. The root:shoot ratio was 0.20–0.22, regardless of tree size. An efficient model to predict belowground biomass from tree diameter (D, in centimeters), height (H, in meters) and wood density (ρ, in grams per cubic centimeter) was B = 0.0188 (ρD2H)0.977. A significant residual effect of species and leaf habit was found in this model, indicating that further tree and species characteristics are likely to explain additional variation in belowground biomass. Yet, the future development of belowground allometric models can benefit from the many models already developed for aboveground biomass. On the basis of this unprecedented sampling effort on tree belowground biomass in the dense tropical forests of the Congo Basin, we conclude that the scaling of belowground biomass with aboveground biomass should be the relationship to focus on.

Development and Usability Testing of Virtual Reality (VR)-Based Reminiscence Therapy for People with Dementia

AbstractThe prevalence of dementia is increasing due to a longer life expectancy and an ageing population. Cognitive impairment affects patients’ daily lives and places a financial and healthcare burden on them and their families. Reminiscence therapy (RT) is a non-pharmacological approach that has been found to enhance the quality of life for older adults with or without dementia. There is an urgent need for more functional and effective treatments, such as virtual reality (VR), which are becoming increasingly popular. VR in RT is a relatively new field, and this paper proposes a conceptual model for developing proof-of-concept virtual reality-based reminiscence therapy (VR-RT) for people with dementia, based on the 4Is: immersion, interaction, imagination, and impression. This model is intended to offer an alternative therapeutic experience for older adults with dementia. This paper demonstrates VR-RT in accordance with the results from the proposed 4Is model, to depict different periods of the olden days of scenes, such as restoring the historical objects and appearance of the citizens. The proposed VR-RT is then evaluated with the occupational therapists (OTs) through pilot testing. The findings reveal that VR-RT based on the proposed model may elicit a positive attitude and motivation in older adults with dementia. The proposed 4Is model serves to offer essential features for VR development, followed by a survey to identify suitable reminiscence materials and themes tailored to older adults with dementia. A pilot test with OTs revealed that VR-RT has the potential to improve the conditions of people with dementia. The research contributes valuable insights and lays the groundwork for future development of VR-RT for people with dementia.

Enhancing electrical output and thermal adaptivity in an interlocked core-sheath triboelectric yarn/fabric for intelligent fire-rescue systems

Self-powered flexible electronic textiles designed for fire-rescue functions, especially in high-temperature environments, have attracted considerable attention. However, their practical applications are hindered by limited electrical output and poor thermal adaptability. In this study, we develop an interlocked core-sheath triboelectric yarn (ICSTY) employing a well-established braiding process, which comprises an inner layer of braided conductive yarn and an outer layer of loop-piled polyimide yarn. This unique structural design resulted in the ICSTY exhibiting an enhanced electrical output performance of 16.3 V per length of 15 cm and excellent thermal adaptability across a wide temperature range of 25–250 °C. The woven ICSTY fabric demonstrates outstanding thermal insulation and biomechanical energy harvesting compared with existing firefighting uniforms. Furthermore, it can be seamlessly integrated into a self-powered fire-rescue system for motion monitoring, location acquisition, and escape warnings for trapped firefighters. This exceptional ICSTY holds the potential to significantly impact the future development of intelligent firefighting uniforms.

Analysis of Differences Between Chinese and American Teaching Methods

With the competition of various countries in the world in education, to further consolidate and improve national education, China and the United States are major countries with greater influence in the world, and both countries attach great importance to student education. Due to the differences in political and economic systems and ideological and cultural aspects, there are differences in the content, path and method of education between the two countries. This paper analyzes the different educational styles of China and America. In this paper, the Chinese and American classroom forms, assessment methods and the impact of different education methods on students are mentioned respectively, and finally some suggestions are given. Educational administrators should combine the excellent educational methods of the United States from various aspects to improve education, and to improve the competitiveness of education in the world, and people should also know the shortcomings of education in other countries to cope with the future development of education in country.

Membrane Transport, Molecular Machines, and Maxwell's Demon

AbstractThe spontaneous generation of transmembrane gradients is an important fundamental research goal for artificial nanotechnology. The active transport processes that give rise to such gradients directly mirror the famous Maxwell's Demon thought experiment, where a Demon partitions particles between two chambers to generate a nonequilibrium state. Despite these similarities, discussion of Maxwell's Demon is absent in the literature on artificial membrane transport. By contrast, the emergence of rational design principles for nonequilibrium artificial molecular motors can trace its intellectual roots directly to this famous thought experiment. This perspective highlights the links between Maxwell's Demon and nonequilibrium machines, and argues that understanding the implications of this 19th century thought experiment is crucial to the future development of transmembrane active transport processes.