Furnace Productivity Research Articles

CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE INGOTS’ HEATING STUDY IN INDUSTRIAL FURNACES

"Establishing the technology for hot processing of some steels with special destination is connected in the first place to defining the warming conditions, depending on their technological characteristics. The choice of optimal regime is made, most of the times, relying on the practical experience because the analytical calculation methods give relative alues. This paper proposes to compare the data obtained from industrial experiments with theoretical calculation methods for their approximation. The key innovation introduced in this paper is represented by analytical solutions to determine the evolution of the ingot mass temperature. We focused on presenting an analytical solution to determine the evolution of temperature in the ingots’mass and comparing it with the data resulted from experiments. The proposed analytical procedure successfully substitutes for hard-to-perform experiments, in conditions of the current practice. The usage of the proposed mathematical technique also assures the shortage of the total heat duration with economic effects generated by the reduction of fuel quantity and by the increase of productivity of the deep furnaces. "

Technical solutions for development of the complex equipment for hot metal ladles bulk lining fabrication in the “Ural Steel” blast furnace shop

JSC “Ural steel” has a shortage of hot metal ladles, which prevents to increase the amount of cast iron. To solve the problem, of blast furnace products transportation from the blast furnaces to casting sites, it is necessary to increase the volume of their repair facilities. A complex of equipment proposed for fabrication of hot metal ladles bulk lining in the JSC “Ural steel” BF shop. The technology of hot metal ladles repair described. Application of the elaborated technical solutions under conditions of JSC “Ural Steel” will shorten the time of hot metal ladles repair. Productivity of the site under designing for bulk lining fabrication will be 6 hot metal ladles per day, which will enable increasing the daily volume of hot metal pouring by 480 t. The period of payback of the complex of equipment of the hot metal ladles bulk lining repair site under designing in the “JSC “Ural Steel” blast furnace shop will be 0.014 of a year.

Devolatilisation characteristics of coal and biomass with respect to temperature and heating rate for HIsarna alternative ironmaking process

HIsarna process offers a novel low CO2 emission alternative to the blast furnace for primary iron production. This new smelting ironmaking technology is flexible in raw material usage such as the substitution of biomass for coal as a reductant. Reduction is conducted through multiple mechanisms within the smelting vessel including gaseous reaction products from thermal decomposition of volatile matters reacting directly with iron oxide containing slags and injected iron ore. In this study, four coals with notable differences in volatile matter content along with two biomass samples sourced from wood and grass origins were investigated for the selection of suitable fuel mix. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was used to measure the weight loss of the carbonaceous materials and a vertical tube furnace coupled with a quadrupole mass spectrometer (VTF-QMS) was employed for off-gas analysis during the devolatilisation. During TGA tests the samples were heated under a 99.9999% argon atmosphere to 1500 °C at three different heating rates to investigate the kinetics of thermal decomposition for these materials. Through use of the Kissinger– Akahira–Sonuse model an average activation energy was determined as a function of the conversion degree. The furnace experiments were carried out under a 99.999% Ar atmosphere to a peak temperature of 1500 °C, at a heating rate of 10 °C/min. The wt% of reducing gases e.g. H2, CO, and hydrocarbons, and the temperature required for these gases to evolve was notably different for each materials, but the respective maximum peaks of evolution of these gases corresponded well to the maximum rate of mass loss. Furthermore, the off-gas analysis reveals torrefied grass contains large amount of water and carbon dioxide which will be released at very low temperature, therefore pre-treatment to the temperature of ~400 °C is necessary to produce chars with similar properties to coal injected in HIsarna.

A Possibility of Producing Heat-Resistant Products in Induction Furnaces with Bottom Blowing

The main strategic directions of Russian Federation are connected with the development of the power engineering industry, extraction of raw materials, and military-space industry. The production of metals and alloys for these industries is connected not only with the use of costly materials as primary stock but also with the application of high-tech equipment capable of satisfying the requirements of potential customers. The increasing requirements to the mechanical characteristics of metals and alloys lead to an increase in the cost of final products, which, in turn, turns the economic efficiency of the production technology into the decisive factor. Note that heat-resistant steels form one of the largest and most strategically important segments of the market of metals and alloys. At present, the metal market requires from manufacturers to be more and more flexible in satisfying the demands of the customers. Thus, in particular, new requirements are imposed on the production volumes because more and more machine- building enterprises need low-volume deliveries. Therefore, many traditional technologies used for the production of heat-resistant steels become noncompetitive and, hence, new approaches and methods are required. In this connection, we propose a technology of production of heat-resistant steels with bottom blowing with inert gases of the bath of liquid metal directly in the volume of the furnace.

Scientific Problems in Creating Intelligent Control Systems for Technological Processes in Pyrometallurgy Based on Industry 4.0 Concept

This article discusses the main application fields of the Industry 4.0 concept at the Magnitogorsk Iron and Steel Company (MMK); this concept enables creating a unified information foundation for implementing a set of measures to optimize and improve the efficiency of individual units, workshops, industries, and the overall enterprise. For the blast furnace iron-making process, this concept involves the intellectualization of the process personnel’s tasks, provision of solutions to modeling problems, process flow optimization, and implementation of decision-making support systems in production processes automation and control. Using the methodology of system research, the Ural Federal University (UrFU) and Magnitogorsk Iron and Steel Works (MMK) improved the model of the blast furnace process and significantly expanded its practical capabilities; they accomplished such an improvement by considering the thermal mode, gas-dynamic mode, blasting mode, slag mode, available information on the blast furnace operation, and the uneven distribution of materials and gases. Software development using contemporary digital technologies has resulted in the creation of an automated system for analyzing and forecasting blast furnace production situations in the MMK, and this enables solving a set of technological problems for the management of blast furnace smelting.

RESEARCH OF ARC FURNACE ELECTRICAL MODE WITH A FUZZY CONTROL MODEL

Goal. The purpose of the paper is to increase the efficiency of arc steelmaking furnace (ASF) operating modes control basing on the improvement of arc lengths control model. Method. The control model is based on the fuzzy set theory, and the structural modelling methodology is used to study the dynamics indices. Results. The structural scheme of a furnace arc lengths fuzzy control system and the electrical mode (EM) coordinate control dynamics parameters values in response to the deterministic and random arc lengths fluctuations were obtained. Scientific novelty. For the first time, a fuzzy model of an EM mismatch signal generation with operational adaptation to its current state in each phase was developed, which enabled by-phase independent control of arc lengths and improved energy efficiency. Practical value. Dynamic accuracy of EM coordinates stabilization at the setpoint level is improved, in particular the arc currents dispersion is reduced, which leads to a corresponding power loss decrease in arc furnace short network, an increase of the furnace productivity, as well as to an improvement of the electromagnetic compatibility of the arc furnace and power supply network.

Еfficiency increase of powdered coal application at hot metal production and limestone calcination under unstable technology conditions

Operation of Ukraine ferrous metallurgy under conditions of dependence on import and instability of energy carriers supply, shortage of investments in modernization of production equipment, make the matter of cooperation between steel-works and research organization particularly actual. Basic results of cooperation between Z.I. Nekrasov Institute of Ferrous metallurgy, NAN of Ukraine and Dnepr steel-works in 2017–2019 on blast sfurnace operation pefection and technology of powdered coal injection into rotating limestone calcination furnaces. Results of the finding of the powdered coal optimal consumption shown, which ensure a high efficiency of the coke substitution, reaching of maximum possible blast furnace productivity as well as satisfactory utilization degree of the reducing gas ability. Results of implementation of a complex of measures presented, which ensure a rational distribution of the powdered coal by BF air tuyeres for making the heat conditions of the tuyere zone even by the blast furnace circle. Efficiency of application of technology of joint injection the powdered coal and natural gas was shown, which is achieved by improving the powdered coal combustion conditions in case of increase their mixing degree. Recommendations quoted for blast furnaces starting-up after their idling for a period exceeding the permissible one, without tapping the plug hot metal. The recommendations ensure an accident-free putting a blast furnace into operation followed by reaching planned parameters. Results of usage sensors information, measuring temperature of gas flow above the charge surface presented. The results allow to prove the correction of blast furnace charging mode by an expert module, generating correction impact to support control actions by technological personal. A complex of measures formed to prevent a disturbance of a blast furnace running in case of powdered coal injection in an amount exceeding 140 kg/t of hot metal and without application of special washover materials. The results of efficiency of the mastered technology, envisaging application manganese-bearing materials at a constant base, were shown. Results of diagnostics of workability of the facility for powdered coal injection into rotating limestone calcinating furnace presented, followed by elaboration recommendation on correction parameters of injection facility operation.

Perfection of sinter, coke and blast furnace production by application of digital technologies within the frame of “Industry 4.0” concept

At present in view of computers and control systems development, the role of digitizing and digital transformation of metallurgical production has increased. The most important element of the transformation to digital metallurgy is the concept “Industry 4.0”. The basic components of the digital metallurgy are mathematical models of physical and chemical processes, running in metallurgical aggregates and databases of these processes. The Institute of Metallurgy of Ural branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences proposed an array of technical solutions for perfection of sintering and blast furnace production by application of digital technologies within the “Industry 4.0” concept. The proposed solutions are as follows: two-dimensional and three-dimensional analysis of forecast of blast furnace smelting phenomena, monitoring of BF hearth refractory lining state, optimization of composition and increase of metallurgical characteristics of iron ore sinter and coke. These technical solutions have been trialed at sintering plants, coke-production plants and at blast furnace shops of Russia and China.

Electromagnetic Technology to Utilize Zinc-Containing Slags of Copper-Smelting Production and Dusts of Blast Furnace and Steelmaking Production

In this work, a technological scheme for the coprocessing of dissimilar zinc-containing wastes, namely, slags obtained from the autogenous smelting of copper-zinc concentrates and dusts (sludges) from gas purification during blast furnace and steelmaking production, was developed. The proposed technology was confirmed to achieve the efficient utilization of metallurgical wastes and produce the desired products (e.g., zinc sublimates, copper cast iron, and impoverished slag) for use as building materials through thermodynamic modeling, microstructural studies, and recovery process modeling. The extraction rates of copper into the alloy and zinc into sublimates by the proposed technology reached 90% and 95%, respectively. The significance of the oxide–sulfide melt as an ion-exchange medium providing high mass transfer rates and the necessary indicators for metal extraction was revealed in this study.

Cement-Free Refractory Concretes. Part 4. Refractory Concretes based on Silica Sol Binders

Compositions, technology features, and the main properties of cement-free refractory concretes (CFRC) based on a silica-sol binder are considered. Concretes of high-alumina and corundum compositions of CFRC, as well as in the Al2O3–SiO2–SiC–C system predominate in this group. Improved thermal and thermomechanical properties of CFRC compared with the properties of LCRC are largely due to mullitization as a result of interaction of nanodispersed SiO2 (silica sol and microsilica) with reactive alumina of the matrix system. Extensive and effective use of CFRC based on silica binders is achieved in blast furnace production (chutes, cold and hot shotcreted blast furnace shafts) and for lining cement production furnaces.

EXPLORATION OF THE OLD RUS’ RURAL CRAFT AND LIVING SETTLEMENTS IN KYIV REGION ON THE RIGHT BANK OF DNIEPER

In 2017 the archaeological exploration in the zone of construction of the transmission line in the Makariv district of Kyiv region took place. Three sites — Nalyvaikivka 1 (second half of the 10th — 11th, 12th—13th centuries), Farm 2 (2nd—1st millennium BC) and Farm 3 (11th century) were excavated. The total area of excavation was 165 m2.
 The settlement Nalyvaykivka 1 is located in the area with high wetlands and had the necessary conditions for the extraction of iron and forestry — extraction of tar, charcoal and harvesting. The site Nalivaykivka 1 was the Medieval industrial rural settlements.
 The site Nalyvaykivka 1 contains a lot of artifacts related to iron production. They represent the different stages of the metallurgical process. Fragments of furnace for iron production have been found. The specific design of the metallurgical furnace was ascertained.
 The location near ore deposits (the iron-mining center in the Kolonshchyna region) and near the powerful product market (Kyiv) led to the craft character of the settlement. Probably it was part of the group of settlements pecialized in the production and primary processing of iron.
 The materials of the Ferma 3 settlement confirm the high economic level of the rural district of Kyiv region in comparison with the material culture of the Old Rus cities. There were no any archaeological objects excavated at the settlement. But in the cultural layer the interesting finds were recorded: the bi-conical shape whorl made of pink shale; the small iron knife with a straight back, the blade separated from the shank ledge; the anvil (?) will slip; the iron arrowhead with broken edge; iron bits; bronze vessel; metallurgical slag; shale fragment of pink; iron awl. The presence of Byzantine amphorae, glass bracelets, bronze vessels, items of military or hunting equipment testifies to the active trade and craft relations of rural and urban population of Kyiv Rus.

Numerical simulation of co-injection of pulverized coal and blast furnace gas separated by a membrane

ABSTRACT The blast furnace gas separated by a membrane has a higher content of combustible components. In order to explore its secondary utilization in blast furnace production, numerical simulation is conducted by means of Fluent software, and the model is verified by experimental data. Results show that when the blast furnace gas separated by the membrane is used as pulverized coal carrier gas for blast furnace injection, the gas velocity in the furnace evidently increases, and the maximum injection velocity can reach 279 m s−1. The formed high-temperature zone is closer to the centre of the blast furnace than those in the single injection of pulverized coal and in pulverized coal injection with general blast furnace gas as a carrier gas. The maximum temperature reaches 2610 K. Moreover, the pyrolysis reaction of pulverized coal is in advance, whereas the burnout rate of pulverized coal in the raceway presents a double-peak phenomenon.

A Model to Control the Formation of Multi-Component Charge Portions on a Blast Furnace Conveyor

Introduction. Bell-less tops used in the charging area give significantly wider opportunities for regulating and distributing the charge material along the furnace top radius. Moreover, it becomes feasible to develop the methods for gas flow control and these methods shall differ from the conventional ones. One of such methods is introduction of multi-component portions of the charge with a technology based component ratio. Problem Statement. The bell-less top charging device is not designed for that type of portioning when the charge material mixing is accompanied with a simultaneous shift of one component with respect to other one for a certain set value, while charging. These portions can be formed with the use of computer-aided stock-conveying system, while discharging the material from weighing hoppers into the blast furnace conveyor. Purpose. This research aims at the development of the structure, the functioning algorithms and the mathematical model for the system to control the formation of multi-component mixed charge batches in order to increase the blast furnace productivity and to reduce the specific coke consumption. Materials and Methods. In this research, the methods of automatic control theory and artificial intellect for the synthesis of weight neuro-fuzzy controllers within the automatic control system of charge dosage have been used. The developed system designed to control multi-component charge portioning via PC has been tested by means of simulation modelling methods. Results. There has been developed an algorithm for operating the system for controlling the multi-component mixed charge preparation on the conveyor, given the arrangement of the specified components, their ratios in portions, total volumetric productivity of the conveyor, the variable geometry of the unloaded material, in the connection with the on-line information on the mixing process. The feasibility of the system has been verified by its simulation with the use of standard application tools. Conclusions. It has been established that the designed control system allows the formation of mixed portions of any composition defined by an operator at a given maximum output of the conveyor and prevents its overload in terms of mass or volume.

Improved multi-layer online sequential extreme learning machine and its application for hot metal silicon content

Hot metal silicon content is an important indicator for measuring the smooth operation of the blast furnace. However, the hot metal silicon content cannot be directly detected online. Hence, this paper proposes a prediction model of the hot metal silicon content based on the improved multi-layer online extreme learning machine (ML-OSELM). The improved ML-OSLEM algorithm is based on ML-OSELM, the variable forgetting factor (VFF) and the ensemble model. VFF is introduced to make the new coming data get more emphasis. The ensemble model can overcome the overfitting problem of ML-OSELM. This improved algorithm is named as EVFF-ML-OSELM. The real blast furnace production data are used to testify the established prediction model based on EVFF-ML-OSELM. Compared with the prediction models of the hot metal silicon content based on other algorithms, the simulation results demonstrate that the prediction model based on EVFF-ML-OSELM has better prediction accuracy and generalization performance.

Froth Flotation Beneficiation a Sure Way to Value Addition to Arufu (Nigeria) Zinc Ore Towards Smelting Grade Concentrate Production

Froth flotation of Arufu ore was carried out at varying particle sizes after characterization. Fifty (50) kilogram crude sample of the ore was sourced from Arufu zinc mine in Arufu town of Nassarawa state, Nigeria. The whole sample was crushed out of which five (5) kilogram was sampled out using random sampling method. One kilogram each of the resulting sample was then ground and sieved to three particle sizes viz; 63 µm, 90 µm and 125 µm. Chemical analysis of the representative sample of the sourced ore was carried out using Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometer (ED –XRF). 250 grams of the 63 µm sample was charged into Froth flotation cell mixed with water at a ratio of 1:4 to form slurry. The Slurry formed was condition to a pH of 9, while other froth flotation reagents were added one after the other. This resulted in froth and depressed samples, which were dewatered after 24 hours and samples picked for compositional analysis. The procedure was repeated for 90 µm and 125 µm. The characterization of head sample revealed that the ore contains predominantly 36.80%ZnO (26.29% Zn), 31.1 % SiO2 alongside other trace mineral as gangue in the ore. However, Froth flotation studies of the ore at varying particle size revealed that, appreciable amount of mineral of interest (ZnO) was lost to the tailing at sieve sizes 63 µm and 90 µm. This was attributed to over-grinding above the ore’s liberation size phenomenon which has been proven to have adverse effect on the mineral’s quality and overall separation efficiency. It was concluded that the froth flotation is best carried out at a particle size of 125 µm, pH of 9, using potassium ethyl xanthate (PEX) as frother to yield concentrate grade of 50.21 % ZnO (35.93 % Zn) at a recovery of 46.3%. This was re – cleaned to yield high grade of 82.36%ZnO (66.42%Zn). The re – cleaned concentrate produced falls within the standard requirement of 65 % Zn needed as a charge into the blast furnace for Zinc metal production.

Froth Flotation Beneficiation a Sure Way to Value Addition to Arufu (Nigeria) Zinc Ore Towards Smelting Grade Concentrate Production

Froth flotation of Arufu ore was carried out at varying particle sizes after characterization. Fifty (50) kilogram crude sample of the ore was sourced from Arufu zinc mine in Arufu town of Nassarawa state, Nigeria. The whole sample was crushed out of which five (5) kilogram was sampled out using random sampling method. One kilogram each of the resulting sample was then ground and sieved to three particle sizes viz; 63 µm, 90 µm and 125 µm. Chemical analysis of the representative sample of the sourced ore was carried out using Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometer (ED –XRF). 250 grams of the 63 µm sample was charged into Froth flotation cell mixed with water at a ratio of 1:4 to form slurry. The Slurry formed was condition to a pH of 9, while other froth flotation reagents were added one after the other. This resulted in froth and depressed samples, which were dewatered after 24 hours and samples picked for compositional analysis. The procedure was repeated for 90 µm and 125 µm. The characterization of head sample revealed that the ore contains predominantly 36.80%ZnO (26.29% Zn), 31.1 % SiO2 alongside other trace mineral as gangue in the ore. However, Froth flotation studies of the ore at varying particle size revealed that, appreciable amount of mineral of interest (ZnO) was lost to the tailing at sieve sizes 63 µm and 90 µm. This was attributed to over-grinding above the ore’s liberation size phenomenon which has been proven to have adverse effect on the mineral’s quality and overall separation efficiency. It was concluded that the froth flotation is best carried out at a particle size of 125 µm, pH of 9, using potassium ethyl xanthate (PEX) as frother to yield concentrate grade of 50.21 % ZnO (35.93 % Zn) at a recovery of 46.3%. This was re – cleaned to yield high grade of 82.36%ZnO (66.42%Zn). The re – cleaned concentrate produced falls within the standard requirement of 65 % Zn needed as a charge into the blast furnace for Zinc metal production.

A Study on High-Grade Iron ore Beneficiation to Reduce Alumina for Enhanced Blast Furnace Productivity

Iron ore pellets are largely characterized by inherent physical and chemical properties of the ore. Alumina and silica play important roles in determining the productivity of a Blast Furnace. On average, one percent increase in iron content improves productivity by 2% and reduces coke consumption by 1%. Therefore higher iron ore feed content to blast furnace is always preferred. Indian hematite, though rich in iron content has a higher content of alumina and lower silica content. Alumina to silica ratio is as high as 1.5–3%. Adverse alumina to silica ratio is detrimental for the blast furnace. This should be less than 1.5 and preferably below 1. High alumina content in the blast furnace burden irrespective of its composition (Lumps, Sinter and Pellet) generates slag with higher viscosity. This needs a higher amount of fluxes and coke, thereby producing large slag volumes and thus decreasing productivity of blast furnace. In general, 1% increase in alumina content in a blast furnace burden increases coke rate by 2.2%, decrease in the productivity by 4% and an increase in flux consumption by 30Kg /t of hot metal production. A typically high-grade iron ore assaying Fe 64%, SiO2 2.70%, Al2O3 2.50% is received at ArcelorMittal Nippon Steel India (Formerly known as Essar Steel India Ltd), Dabuna. The study with various beneficiation circuits was carried out to reduce alumina with least possible rejects. Subsequently, we were able to bring Al2O3 down by 0.15–0.30% in final concentrate. This resulted in productivity enhancement of Blast furnace by up to 3.69 T/cum/day. The 1905 cum working volume blast furnace has produced 7012 tons which was 140% of nameplate capacity. The study here highlights the optimization of beneficiation circuit for high-grade iron ore to attain higher productivity of both Pellet Plant and Blast Furnace with the least amount of rejections.

Algorithms and software for optimal management of raw materials, fuel and energy resources in blast furnace production

The structure of optimization model of optimal management of raw materials, fuel and energy resources in the blast-furnace shop of iron and steel works is represented. The following blocks are taken as system basis: 1) calculation of the set of parameters that characterize the thermal, gas-dynamic, slag and blasting modes for every blast furnaces of the shop during the base period; 2) calculation of linearized model coefficients (constants of transferring via different exposure pathways) individually for every blast furnace as well as properties of iron ore raw materials, fluxing additions, blasting parameters, parameters of fuel-enriched blast influencing the technical-and-economic indices of separate furnaces performance, their thermal, gas-dynamic and slag operation modes in the course of blast-furnace melting according to UrFU-MMK blast-furnace production model within the base period; 3) solution of tasks that consider the optimal allocation of raw materials, fuel and energy resources for the project period of blast furnaces operation; 4) analysis of obtained results and providing of recommendations on the optimization of blast furnaces parameters. The developed functional model of optimal distribution of raw materials, fuel and energy resources for the engineering and technology personnel of blast-furnace shop is illustrated; the main functions and interconnections between the separate functional blocks are defined. The functions of created “Optimal management of raw materials, fuel and energy resources in the blast-furnace production” software that is realized in the Microsoft Visual Studio 2017 (C# programming language) programming environment in the form of web application are pointed out. The program product provides the engineering and technology personnel of blast furnace shop of iron and steel works with the opportunity to solve the tasks of optimal distribution of fuel and energy resources (natural gas and oxygen consumption) within the group of blast furnaces in the different technological situations.

Optimizing Induction Furnace Parameters Using TOPSIS

Among all the metal industries, the iron and steel industries are the most energy intensive sectors in India. Worldwide the use of induction furnaces in steel industries especially in foundries has increased exponentially. A great deal of research is dedicated to identify the factors that affect the performance of the furnace. It is observed that quantity of molten metal produced per batch, average time required for production per batch, electricity consumption per ton ,raw material in ratio, power supply on and off time, thickness of refractory lining are some of the crucial factors that are responsible for improving the productivity of Induction Furnace. This paper presents the results of a study where an attempt is made to optimize the specific energy consumption and alternatively productivity. The correlation between various parameters was found in order to optimize the results. To get the optimum results TOPSIS was applied .Finally, the results of the study confirm the common connotation that less specific energy consumption leads to more productivity. Academicians and practitioners could use the results as a guideline for studying effects of various induction furnace parameters

Development and verification of CFD model of carbothermal synthesis furnace for production of mixed nitride uranium-plutonium fuel

The retort batch furnace for the carbothermal synthesis of uranium and plutonium nitrides is a component of the mixed nitride uranium-plutonium (MNUP) fuel Fabrication/Refabrication Module (FRM), a part of the Pilot Demonstration Energy Complex (PDEC). A CFD model of the furnace was built in the SolidWorks Flow Simulation code to check the feasibility of its thermophysical operating modes (heating and cooling rates, temperature of the product loaded into the furnace). The experimental data obtained from the performance tests was used to verify the developed CFD model and to confirm its adequacy. The relative deviation of the calculated temperature of the loaded product from the experimental data in the process of isothermal annealing does not exceed 0.7%. The temperatures of the loaded product predicted by the CFD model were used to justify engineering solutions for the uranium and plutonium nitrides carbothermal synthesis furnace. The CFD model can be used to define the furnace operation mode by selecting the gas flow rates inside and outside the retort, the heater temperature, and heating and cooling rates for the product loaded in the furnace.