Furan Polymers Research Articles

Mass-spectrometric analysis of polymers based on furyl alcohol-polyamic acid compositions

Polymer compositions based on furyl alcohol and polyamic acid were investigated by using mass-spectrometric thermal analysis. It was established that polyamic acid catalyses both the polycondensation of furyl alcohol and the formation of a three-dimensional network of furan polymer.

Adhesion aspects of levulinic-acid-modified furan polymers to crystalline zinc phosphate metal surfaces

The nature of the interfacial interactions between functional levulinic-acid-modified furan resin coatings and crystalline zinc phosphate hydrate films deposited on carbon steel surfaces has been systematically investigated. The typical surface topography of the highly crystallized zinc phosphate films was found to be characterized by the presence of a dendritic microstructure array of interlocking triclinic crystals. This structure acts significantly to develop mechanical interlocking bonds with the functional blend polymer which penetrates into the open surface structure of the films. Both the thickness of deposition film and the polar H2O molecules of hydrate at the outermost film surface sites play essential roles in wetting by the functional liquid resin. When the polarized furan polymers spread on the oxide film surfaces, the carboxylate groups derived from the levulinic ester and acid molecules react to form strong hydrogen bonds with the crystallized H2O molecules on the hopeite film. This formation of hydrogen bonding was shown to be a major factor affecting the chemical intermolecular attractions. A formulation consisting of 95 parts furan to 5 parts levulinic acid was found to yield the optimum protective coating. More than 5 parts levulinic acid resulted in the transformation of the characteristics of the polymer film from hydrophobic to hydrophilic.

Furfuryl-containing tertiary phosphine oxides and polymers based on some of them

The syntheses of dimethyl(furfuryloxymethyl)phosphine oxide (DPO), methylbis(furfuryloxymethyl)phosphine oxide (MPO), tris(furfuryloxymethyl)phosphine oxide (TPO), dimethyl(tetrahydrofurfuryloxymethyl)phosphine oxide (DTPO), methyl-bis(tetrahydrofurfuryloxymethyl)phosphine oxide (MTPO) and tris(tetrahydrofurfuryloxymethyl)phosphine oxide (TTPO) from dimethyl(chloromethyl)phosphine oxide, methyl-bis(chloromethyl)phosphine oxide, tris(chloromethyl)phosphine oxide and the furfuryl and tetrahydrofurfuryl sodium alkoxides via the Williamson reaction are reported. Phosphorus-containing furan polymers with reduced flammability are prepared by polymerizing MPO and TPO using p-toluenesulphonic acid as catalyst. The oxygen indexes of these polymers, as determined by ASTM D-2863, are 35.1 and 33.1% O 2, respectively; for the phosphorus-free polymer from difurfurylidene acetone, it is 23.0% O 2. It is shown that DPO can be used as an efficient fire-retardant for reducing the flammability of a polymer from difurfurylidenacetone.

Friedel-Crafts Polymers—I. Formation and stability of polymers containing heterocycles

Polymers have been prepared by condensation of di(chloromethyl) benzene with benzene, thiophene, pyridine, indole, quinoline and pyrrole using SnCl 4 as catalyst. Attempts to prepare a furan polymer were unsuccessful. Measurements have been made of the functionality of the aromatic groups, which is a measure of the degree of branching, in the benzene, indole and thiophene polymers. The i.r. spectra of all six polymers have also been measured and their Thermal Volatilization Analysis (T.V.A.) thermograms obtained. In the light of the results of these three kinds of measurements, relationships between structure and stability are discussed.