Furadan 4F Research Articles

Efficacy of Registered and Experimental Insecticides for Control of Corn Rootworm Larvae at Three Locations in Illinois, 1996

Abstract Soil insecticides were applied at planting and after planting at 3 locations in IL: 2 May (Monmouth), 3 May (DeKalb), and 20 May (Urbana). The experimental design was a RCB with four replications. Each treatment, except for Furadan 4F, was applied to a single 100-ft row; rows were 30-inches wide. Granular insecticides were metered through computer controlled SmartBox (SBX) granular applicators or Noble units mounted on each of the planter units (John Deere, 7000 series, 4-row Max-emerge planter). Granules were applied in-furrow or in a 7-inch band ahead of the firming wheels. Spring tines mounted behind each planter unit were used to incorporate the insecticide. Liquid applications at Regent 80WG were delivered at planting through microtubes calibrated to deliver 2.2 qt per acre in-furrow. Furadan 4F was applied post-emergence as a broadcast spray over 2 rows on 30 May, for Monmouth and DeKalb, respectively. A CO2 back-pack sprayer system was calibrated to deliver 13.3 gpa at 20 psi. Stand counts were determined by recording the number of plants per 17.4 row ft (1/1,000 acre); differences in stands among all treatments and the untreated check plots were not significant at all three locations (data not presented). Five roots were extracted from each replicate by treatment combination using the Iowa State University 1-6 scale. Efficiency ratings were the percentage of roots extracted from each treatment that had root ratings of 4.0 or less.

Control of Western Corn Rootworm Larvae, 1996

Abstract Insecticides were evaluated for rootworm larval suppression in two fields composed of Cozad silt loam soils. ‘DeKalb 580’ hybrid corn was ridge-planted in Field 1 on 1 May. At the time of planting, soil moisture was adequate for germination. Soil temperature at a depth of 5 cm was about 13°C. Four replicates of each treatment were applied at planting 5 X 40 ft plots in a RCB design. In Field 2, granular and liquid insecticides were applied to untreated strips immediately prior to cultivation on 13 Jun. The ‘Mycogen 6220’ hybrid plants were in the early whorl stage (V3 stage) of development at the time of application. Rootworm eggs began hatching about 6 Jun. The treatments were replicated four times in 10 X 35 ft plots arranged in a RCB design. The granular treatments were applied in a band over the whorl of the plants. Furadan 4F was broadcast over the top of the plants in a total volume of 25 gpa at 30 psi. Treatments in both fields were evaluated 12 Jul by rating washed roots of four plants from each replicate, using the 1 -6 Iowa State root damage rating scale.

Corn Rootworm Control, 1996

Abstract The evaluation was carried out on a Hagerstown silt loam soil in central Pennsylvania, near University Park, and planting was done on 22 May in continuous corn. The design was RCB with five replicates of each treatment. Plots were 20 ft long X 2 rows wide, with row spacing at 30 inches. Granular treatments were applied at planting using a Max Emerge John Deere 7000R corn planter. T-band applications were applied in 7-inch bands over the row and into the furrow, and in-furrow applications were directed into the furrow only. Furadan 4F was broadcast on 20 Jun, and cultivation for the Furadan 4F + cultivation treatment was done the same day. The Regent 80 WG treatment was applied at a rate of 2 gal water per acre as a spray directed into the furrow. Rainfall totals for the research site during the trial were: 3.03 inches (May), 4.95 inches (Jun), 5.20 inches (Jul), 5.53 inches (Aug), 12.55 inches (Sep), and 4.97 inches (Oct. Plots were rated with the Towa’ rating method on 30 Jul (5 plants/plot), and by quantifying yield on 15 Nov (total grain weight/plot). Final yields were expressed as grain acre at 15.5% moisture.

Evaluation of Selected Hopper Box and Insecticide Treatments for Control of the Red Imported Fire Ant (RIFA) in Grain Sorghum, 1996

Abstract Selected insecticide treatments were evaluated for management of the RIFA in grain sorghum at the Macon Ridge Location of the Northeast Research Station in Franklin Parish, LA. Grain sorghum was planted no-till with a John Deere 7300 planter into a bermuda grass sod containing a high density of RIFA mounds. The test was planted on 11 Jun in a RCB design with 4-row plots (13.33 ft X 15 ft) and 4 replications. Lorsban 4EC, Admire 2F and Furadan 4F were applied as in-furrow sprays at planting (IFSAP) with a CO2 charged system, calibrated to deliver 5 gpa at 25 psi through 8002E flat fan nozzles (1/row). Lorsban 4EC was also applied as pre-emergence surface spray (PRE) immediately post-plant with a CO2-charged system, calibrated to deliver 10 gpa at 35 psi through 8001 flat fan nozzles (1/row) in a band 20 inches wide over the row center. Other treatments were applied either as in-furrow granules at planting (IFGAP), T-banded granules at planting (T-BAND) or seed treatments (SEED T). RIFA densities were estimated on 9 Jul by placing an unruled index card (3 X 5 inches) baited with peanut butter in each plot and recording the number of ants attracted after 30 minutes. Plant population densities were recorded on 9 Jul by sampling the entire 2 center rows. Plant heights were estimated on 9 Jul by measuring 20 plants in each plot. Intra-row skips between plants were recorded on 9 Jul by counting the number of skips > 12 inches in the 2 center rows.

Corn Rootworm Larval Control, 1996

Abstract Rootworm, soil-insecticide test plots were established at 3 IA locations in 1996. Soil types were: Ames, silty clay loam; Cedar Rapids, silty loam, and Sutherland, silty loam. Plots were planted on areas that had been planted to trap crop (late-planted corn, high plant population) the previous year. The Sutherland location was planted no-till; the other 2 locations were conventional tillage. The tests with insecticide treatments were of 3 different types: (1) “experimental tests”—registered and numbered insecticides applied at planting time, (2) “yield tests”— only registered and EUP insecticides applied at planting time, (3) “cultivation tests”—registered and numbered insecticides applied at planting and/or cultivation time. A RCBD was used for all tests, with six replications for the “Cedar Rapids yield” test, and four replications for all others. Planting dates were: “Ames cultivation” 1 May, “Ames yield” 6 May, “Cedar Rapids yield” 22 May, and “Sutherland experimental” 8 May. Treatments were applied to single 50-ft length rows with 30-inch row spacing. Granular insecticide formulations were applied with modified Noble metering units mounted on a 4-row John Deere 7100 plantar. Planting-time liquid formulations were applied with a compressed-air delivery system built directly into the planter. The 2SC formulations were applied with a 8003E nozzle, delivering 13 gpa at 22 psi. Regent 80WG treatments were applied at 1 gpa using a #15 disk orifice placed inline and 16 psi. A steady stream of dilution was delivered in-furrow through a tube placed between the seed-furrow, disk-openers. Liquid cultivation-time insecticides were applied with a small-plot bicycle sprayer. Seven-inch basal treatments were applied using two 8002E nozzles, 1 on each side of the corn row, and positioned to deliver a 7-inch wide band around the base of the plants; 13 gpa at 25 psi. Broadcast applications of Furadan 4F were applied to single rows. A boom containing three 8002SV nozzles (19-inch centers) delivered 13 gpa at 30 psi. One untreated buffer row was left on each side of a ‘broadcasted" row. Granular cultivation-time insecticide applications were made with electrically driven Noble units mounted on the tool bar of a 2-row, rear-mounted cultivator. Tygon tubes, positioned directly in front of the cultivator sweeps, directed the insecticide granules to both sides of the corn row for basal treatments. Chemical phytotoxicity was checked in early Jun by measuring extended leaf heights on 5 consecutive plants (experimental test only). Rootworm larval feeding was evaluated in late Jul by digging 3 roots from each treatment row and rating them on the Iowa 1 -6 scale (1 = no damage or only a few minor feeding scars; 6 = 3 or more nodes of roots completely destroyed). Lodging counts were taken at harvest time. A plant was considered lodged if the angle between the base of the plant and the ground was 45° or less. Stand counts were taken in the yield plots at harvest time. Yields were measured by hand harvesting 17.4 ft (0.001 acre) from each treatment at Ames, and machine harvesting 30 ft (0.0017 acre) at Cedar Rapids. To determine treatment differences, data were analyzed using ANOVA and means were separated with Ryan’s Q test (REGWQ).

Alfalfa Weevil Control, 1996

Abstract The plots, 34 ft X 36 ft, were in a 5-yr-old stand of ‘Wampr’ variety alfalfa. All treatments and the untreated control were replicated three times in a completely randomized design. Sprays were mixed to apply the proper rates in 20 gpa. Treatments were applied on 2 May with a low pressure, low volume, Hahn field sprayer equipped with 21 Spraying Systems 8003 stainless steel Tee Jet nozzles and operated at a pressure of 35 psi. A standard treatment of Furadan 4F was applied at the rate of 0.5 lb (AI)/acre for comparison. Population densities of AW larvae were determined 4, 7, 11, 14, 18 and 21 DAT by collecting 10 sweeps from each plot with a standard 15-inch-diam beating net.

Overwintering and effects of autumn habitat manipulation and carbofuran on Neoseiulus fallacis and Tetranychus urticae in peppermint

The percentages of Neoseiulus fallacis (Garman) in four subhabitats of peppermint fields in November were 37% on dead leaves, 45% in debris below dead leaves, 3% in hollow stems and 15% on live foliage. In December, the percentages were 36, 39, 7 and 18%, respectively, for these same sites. The values were 40, 37, 18 and 5% and 6, 80, 14 and 0% for January and February, respectively. By April, 95% of all predators were on new foliage feeding on Tetranychus urticae Koch, while the rest were still in debris. Augmenting plots with debris increased overwintering survival of N. fallacis compared to the natural condition while removal of debris decreased it. An autumn carbofuran (Furadan 4F) treatment completely eliminated overwintering N. fallacis, thus leading to outbreaks of T. urticae the following spring. The results of these overwintering studies are discussed in relation to improved biological control and spider mite management.

Winter Poisoning of Coyotes and Raptors with Furadan-Laced Carcass Baits

Three bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus), a red-tailed hawk (Buteo jamaicensis), and two coyotes (Canis latrans) found in a field in north-central Kansas (USA) in December 1992 were poisoned by flowable carbofuran (Furadan 4F) placed on sheep (Ovis aries) carcasses to kill coyotes. The carbofuran was placed on the carcasses in October 1992, but the coyotes and raptors apparently were killed in late December. Thus, flowable Furadan can cause direct and secondary deaths of wildlife under some circumstances for at least 60 days following placement.

Corn Rootworm Control in Pennsylvania, 1995

Abstract The evaluation took place on a Hagerstown silt loam soil in central PA, near University Park, planted on 16 May in continuous corn. The design was a RCB, with 5 replicates of each treatment. Plots were 20 ft long X 2 rows wide, with row spacing at 30 inches. Granular treatments were applied at planting using a Max Emerge John Deere 7000R corn planter. T-band applications were applied in 7 inch bands over the row and into the furrow, and in-furrow applications were directed into the furrow only. Furadan 4F was broadcast on 16 Jun, and cultivation for the Furadan 4F + cultivation treatment was done the same day. Rainfall totals in inches for the research site during the trial were: 2.95 (May), 4.32 (Jun), 0.91 (Jul), 0.72 (Aug), 1.38 (Sep), and 7.40 (Oct). Plots were rated with the ‘Iowa’ rating method on 18 Jul (5 plants/ plot), and by quantifying yield on 23 October (total grain weight/plot).

Insecticides to Control Cucumber Beetles in Spring Cucumbers, 1995

Abstract Cucumbers were planted on 25 May at the Eastern Shore Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Painter, VA. Each plot consisted of two 25ft long rows planted on 5ft row spacing. Plots were separated from each other by 10ft of bare ground and treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized, complete block design. Furadan 4F was applied in furrow prior to planting to the treatments indicated in the table using a single nozzle boom backpack sprayer. Foliar sprays were applied with a backpack sprayer using three hollow cone nozzles/row and delivering 44 gal water/acre at 40 psi. The foliar treatments without Furadan at planting were sprayed on 26 June. All of the foliar treatments were applied on 30 June and 10 July. Evaluation criteria consisted of cucumber beetle counts on a 6ft section of row and estimation of percent bacterial wilt on the dates indicated in the table. The marketable fruit was harvested from the right hand row of each plot on 17, 24 July and 01 August and weighed. The combined yield for all harvest dates is reported in the table.

Control of Western Corn Rootworm Larvae in West Central Nebraska, 1995

Abstract Insecticides were applied to suppress larval rootworm populations in 2 fields near North Platte, NE. Both fields were composed of Cozad silt loam soils. In Field 1 ‘DeKalb 566’ hybrid field corn was ridge-planted with a John Deere 7100 Max-emerge planter, to a non-tilled seed bed on 19 May. At the time of planting, soil moisture was adequate for germination and the soil temperature at a depth of 5 cm was about 8° C. Several insecticides were applied at planting to plots 2 rows wide, 10 m in length, with a bicycle wheel type applicator. Four replications of each treatment were arranged in a RCB design. T-band applications were made by applying a 7 inch band of insecticide to an open seed furrow. In-furrow applications were made by applying insecticide directly into the seed furrow. After the insecticides were applied, furrows were closed with a rotary hoe and insecticides were incorporated with a rake. Field 2 was ridge-planted to ‘BoJac 577’ field corn with a John Deere 7100 Max-emerge planter, in a non-tilled seed bed on 18 May. At the time of planting, soil moisture was adequate for germination and the soil temperature at a depth of 5 cm was about 13° C. With the exception of 4 field length strips, 12 rows in width, Lorsban 15G was applied at planting with insecticide boxes on the planter at a rate of 1100 g Al/ha. Granular and liquid insecticides were applied to untreated strips in Field 2 immediately prior to cultivation on 22 Jun. The corn plants were in the early whorl stage (V3 stage) of development at the time of application. The plots for the granular treatments in Field 2 were 10 m in length and 4 rows wide. The granular treatments were applied in a 7 inch band, over the whorl of the plants, with a bicycle wheel type applicator. Furadan 4F was applied to 10 X 4 m plots in Field 2, either broadcast over the top of the plants or in 7 inch bands to the base of the plants. All liquid treatments were applied in a total volume of 120 liters/ha at 30 psi. All treatments were replicated 4 times and arranged in a RCB design. Treatments in both fields were evaluated 26 Jul by rating washed roots, using the 1-6 Iowa root damage rating scale, of 4 plants from each replicate.

1St Generation European Corn Borer Larvicide Trial, 1995

Abstract The trial was planted 8 May at the Entomology Research Farm in East Lansing, MI. Experimental design was a RCB with 4 replications. Granular insecticides applied at-threshold for ECB control were delivered through electrically driven Noble metering units attached to a toolbar behind the tractor. Liquid materials were applied with a backpack sprayer. Several registered corn rootworm insecticides were included in the test to address the question of whether or not 1 st generation ECB protection can be expected from an insecticide application targeting corn rootworm (CRW) larvae. These were applied as a T-band and incorporated with drag chains. The time of application for the CRW treatments is referred to as “at planting”, except in the case of Furadan 4F targeting CRW which is indicated by “cultivation”. The cultivation treatment was applied on 6 Jun. The Furadan 4F cultivation plots consisted of 3 rows to allow for broadcast application. All other plots were 1 row X 50 ft. Each plot had an untreated buffer row on either side. Ten consecutive plants in each plot were artificially infested with 2 blackhead-stage ECB egg masses. European corn borer threshold treatments were applied 5 d after artificial infestation. The number of artificially infested plants with ECB cavities, the total number of cavities and the cumulative cm of cavity length were recorded as a measure of ECB damage. Data were subjected to ANOVA and means separated using DMRT.

Control of Larval Striped Cucumber Beetle Injury to Muskmelon Fruit, Rocky Ford, Co 1995

Abstract Trials were established at the Arkansas Valley Research Center in Rocky Ford, CO, with fields planted 14 June. Plots consisted of 4, 60-inch beds, 20-ft in length. Furadan 4F and Admire 2F were applied as 8-inch bands on 16 June, followed by an irrigation. Foliar treatments were applied 8, 16 and 23 Aug using a hand operated compressed air sprayer delivering 27 gal/acre, with the first application coinciding with initial fruit set. Fields were flood irrigated prior to evaluations to increase larval activity, and subsequent fruit injury, near the soil surface. Evaluations were made 12 September by examining 10 fruit per plot and rating the amount of larval tunneling injury to the fruit rind. For this evaluation a four point system was used (0 = no injury, 1 = slight injury, 2 = moderate injury, 3 = severe injury).

Eetle Emergence From Plots Treated with Insecticides to Control Corn Rootworm Larvae in South Dakota, 1995

Abstract Sites near Aurora and Lake Andes, SD were chosen to evaluate Furadan 4F applied post-emergence to corn in comparison of at-plant applications and standard granular insecticide compounds. Insecticide treatments included at-planting applications (Counter 15G, Furadan 15G, and Lorsban 15G) using a 7 to 9 inch band, and Furadan 4F broadcast applied post-emergence at cultivation. All treatments were made at 1.0 lb(AI)/acre. Experimental design was a RCB replicated 4 times. Individual treatment plots consisted of single 50 ft long rows spaced 38 inches apart. Insecticide granules were applied with modified, ground-driven Noble metering units mounted on a specially adapted Kinze 4-row corn planter. At-plant granular treatments were banded in front of the furrow-closing wheels, and incorporated by the wheels and drag chains. Collection of these beetles were made weekly throughout the July and August peak emergence period. Data were analyzed using SAS’s General Linear Models (GLM) procedure with total emergence (per cage) means compared with DMRT.

Colorado Potato Beetle Control, Verndale, Mn, 1994

Abstract This trial was located in an irrigated commercial potato field. Soils were a sandy clay loam. Plots were 4-3’ rows X 25 in length. Treatments were arranged in a RCB design, replicated 4 times. Potatoes were planted on 10 May. Soil treatments were made on 28 May by placing Admire 2F and Furadan 4F 2-4“ below planting ridge surface. Insecticide was applied in 15 gal total material and immediately covered. Foliars were broadcast in 15 gal total material/acre on 25 June, 14 July and 12 Aug. The two center rows of each plot were dug on 9 Sept. and weighed for yield.

Efficacy of Soil Insecticides Against Western Corn Rootworm, 1995

Abstract Two experiments were conducted in Mont-gomery Co., VA, to determine the effectiveness of several granular insecticides applied in-furrow or t-band at planting and a liquid formulation applied postemergence against western corn rootworm larvae on ‘Pioneer 3140’ corn. The experiments were conducted in 2 no-till cornfields consisting of a predominant Duffield-Ernest silt loam soil. Experiment I was in a 20-acre field (‘Back’ field) and Experiment II was in an 8-acre field (‘Machine Shed’ field). The fields had been in continuous corn production since 1988 (Back field) and 1985 (Machine Shed field), and had been treated with granular insecticides at planting every year since 1989 (Back field) and 1990 (Machine Shed field). Plots of 40 X 10 ft (i.e., 4 rows wide) were arranged in a RCB design with all insecticide treatments and an untreated check replicated 4 times. An Almaco, 2-row Max-Emerge planter was used to plant the plots on 12 May at a population density of 26,100 seeds/acre. For the granular insecticide treatments, insecticide granules were applied in front of the press wheels either directly in the seed furrow or in a 5-inch wide T-barid over the furrow, depending on the treatment. The standard granular insecticide applicator was removed from each row unit and replaced with a wooden device which held a pt mason jar used to dispense the insecticide granules. Attached to the underside of the wooden holder was a plastic funnel and tube through which the insecticide granules flowed. A single opening, drilled into the lid of each jar, was calibrated in the laboratory to deliver insecticides accurately at a speed of 3 mph. The possibility of mixing one or more insecticides was avoided by using a separate jar and lid for each treatment. At the start of application, a jar containing the appropriate insecticide granules was inverted and placed into each of the wooden holders. This method helped minimize soil compaction because the tractor made only 1 pass per plot. The postemergence application of the liquid formulation of Furadan 4F was made on 9 Jun using a backpack sprayer with a boom equipped with foui stainless steel 8002VS spray tips spaced 19 inches apart. Material was applied at 20 gpa 30 psi. Root ratings (20 Jul) and stand counts (13 Jun) were made. The roots of 5 consecutive corn plants were dug from each plot and washed of excess soil before ratings were made. Corn rootworm damage ratings were based on the Iowa 1-6 scale (1 = no feeding damage; 6 = three or more root nodes completely destroyed). Stand counts consisted of counting all cornstalks along a 40 row-ft section in each plot. A 2-way ANOVA with Fisher’s protected LSD was used to analyze differences among treatments.

Furadan 4F Soil Treatment Vs Asana Xl 0.66e For Season-Long Sunflower Beetle Control, Valley City, Nd, 1995

Abstract Four 80 acre commercial sunflower fields were divided into 40 acre strips 0.5 mile in length. Furadan at a rate of 1.0 lb (AI)/acre was applied with the seed at planting time in 1 strip and a similar strip was left untreated. Fields were bordered with 32 treated rows Asana XL was applied by air in equal width strips perpendicular to the direction of planting. An early treatment using Asana XL in 1.0 gpa total was applied at the 4-6 leal plant stage. A late treatment of Asana XL was applied at bud stage; both applications were made to 1 strip, and one strip remained untreated. Treatments were randomized and arranged in a split plot design. Individual plot size was approximately 10 acres. Yields were obtained by taking two 3 ft X 20 ft subsamples per 10 acre plot from the center of each 10 acres. Means were compared using LSD.

Insect Control on Flue-Cured Tobacco with Systemic Insecticides, 1995

Abstract This experiment was conducted at the VPI & SU Southern Piedmont Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Blackstone, VA, to evaluate TA and TFB control on flue-cured tobacco with various systemic insecticides applied as soil or transplant water treatments and to determine the impact of these treatments on tobacco yield and price. Twelve treatments and an untreated control were established in a RCB design with 4 replications. Plots, 4 X 40 ft (1 row X 24 plants), were separated by single guard rows. Pretransplant soil treatments of most liquid formulations were applied broadcast with a CO2-pressurized tractor sprayer that delivered 32 gpa at 30 psi through 8003LP tips on 8 May (ambient temperature 74–76 °F, soil temperature, 70 °F; soil pH, 5.7; OM, <2%). Treatments were immediately incorporated by double disking. Band applications of Furadan and Temik were made during bed formation and immediately covered with 6 to 8 inch of soil on 8 May. Furadan 4F band treatments were applied in a 12-inch band using a CO2-pressurized backpack sprayer that delivered 16 gpa through an 8003E tip at 30 psi. Temik was applied in a 14-inch band using a tractor mounted-Gandy granular applicator. The soil was in excellent condition for both the pretransplant soil and bedding treatments. ‘K-326’ flue-cured tobacco was transplanted into experimental plots in a Chesterfield-Mayodan-Bourne sandy loam soil on 17 May. A measuring cup was used to apply transplant water (TPW) treatments of Orthene and Admire in 4 fl oz/plant (204 gal/acre) at the base each plant in the treatment plots. Virginia Cooperative Extension recommendations were followed for fertilization, topping, and weed disease, and sucker control. Dipel (Bacillus thuringiensis) was applied for tobacco hornworm control on 28 Jul. The foliar application of Orthene was applied on 3 Jul with a CO2-pressurized backpack sprayer that delivered 28 gpa through 3 TX-12 tips at 60 psi. TA populations were estimated on the upper 4 leaves of 10 plants/plot about once a wk from 5 to 9 wk after transplanting. On 25 Aug, TA damage was rated on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 = no signs of aphid damage and 10 = very severe necrosis of leaves and extensive sooty mold. TFB and TFB feeding holes were counted on 5 plants/plot. Tobacco was harvested as it ripened, weighted, graded by a USDA/AMS inspector, and yield was calculated. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and significantly different means were separated by WD (K-ratio = 100). Aphid count data were transformed to Log10 (x + 1) before analysis.

Sunflower Beetle Control Using Three Rates of Furadan 4F, Valley City, Nd, 1995

Abstract Individual 0.5 mile strips were planted on 20 May using 3 rates of Furadan 4F applied at the time of planting. Four subsamples, 3 ft X 20 ft each, were collected from the 4 best appearing portions of each plot. These yield samples were distributed across the field and from different row pairs.

Corn Rootworm Larval Control, 1995

Abstract Rootworm, soil-insecticide test plots were established at 3 IA locations in 1995. Soil types were: Ames, silty clay loam; Nashua, loam; and Sutherland, silty clay. Plots were planted 16, 2 and 12 May, respectively, on areas that had been planted to trap crop (late-planted corn, high plant population) the previous year. The Sutherland location was planted no-till. Insecticide treatments were tested in 1 or more of 3 different tests; (1) “experimental tests”–registered and numbered insecticides applied at planting time, (2) “yield tests”–only registered and EUP insecticides applied at planting time, (3) “cultivation tests”–registered and numbered insecticides applied at planting and/or cultivation time. A RCBD with 4 replications for the experimental and cultivation tests was used. Yield tests had 6 replications at Ames and 7 replications at Sutherland. All treatments were applied to single 50-ft length rows with 30-inch row spacing. Granular insecticide formulations were applied with modified Noble metering units mounted on a 4-row John Deere 7100 planter. Planting-time liquid formulations were applied with a compressed-air delivery system built directly into the planter; 8003E nozzles delivered 13 gpa at 22 psi. Liquid cultivation-time insecticides were applied with a small-plot bicycle sprayer. Two, 8002E nozzles, 1 on each side of the corn row, were positioned to deliver a 7-inch wide band around the base of the plants (7-inch basal); 13 gpa at 25 psi. Broadcast applications of Furadan 4F were applied to single rows. A boom containing three 8002SV nozzles (19-inch centers) delivered 13 gpa at 30 psi. One untreated buffer row was left on each side of a “broadcasted” row. Granular cultivation-time insecticide applications were made with electrically driven Noble units mounted on the tool bar of a 2-row, rear-mounted cultivator. Tygon tubes, positioned directly in front of the cultivator sweeps, directed the insecticide granules to both sides of the corn row for basal treatments. Chemical phytotoxicity was checked in early Jun by taking stand counts from 1/1000 acre and measuring extended leaf heights on 5 consecutive plants (experimental tests only). Rootworm larval feeding was evaluated in Jul by digging 3 roots from each treatment row and rating them on the Iowa 1-6 scale (1 equal to no damage or only a few minor feeding scars, and a 6 rating equal to 3 or more nodes of roots completely destroyed). Lodging counts were taken at harvest time. A plant was considered lodged if the angle between the base of the plant and the ground was 45° or less. Stand counts were taken in the yield plots at harvest time. Yields were measured by hand harvesting 1/1000 acre from each treatment. To determine treatment differences, data were analyzed using ANOVA and means were separated with Ryan’s Q test (REGWQ).