Furadan 4F Research Articles

Value of Furadan and Pydrin for Sunflower Beetle and Stem Weevil Control, 1985

Abstract A set of plots were established at 8 different locations representative of present and recent past sunflower production in MN. Individual plots were 4 rows × 35 ft in 30 inch rows. The same 11 treatments and 4 replicates were used at each location and arranged in a randomized complete block design with different randomization at each location. Soil types varied from clay at Crookston to sandy loam at Oklee. Furadan 4F and 15G were applied in a 4 inch band on the row at, or as soon after, planting as possible and incorporated. Foliar applications of Furadan 4F and Pydrin 2.4E were broadcast at the appropriate plant stage. Foliar applications were made with a hand held CO2 sprayer using about 20 gal of total material per acre applied at 40 lb psi. Defoliation readings and stem infestations were collected during the growing season. Heads were taken by hand on the center two rows, dried, threshed and yields of clean seed recorded. Yields were analyzed by location and together and are so reported.

Efficacy of Comite Against Spider Mites Corn, Aerial Test, 1986

Abstract Experiments were conducted in 2 corn fields (south and north fields) less than 1 mile apart in Finney County, KS. The south field was under center pivot irrigation and the north field was furrow-irrigated. Two treatments and a check were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 3 rephcations in each field. Treatments were applied with a Thrush 600 fixed wing plane (wing span = 45.5 ft), flying 105 mph using Spraying Systems #5 hollow cone nozzles at 22 psi and delivering a volume of 2 gpa. Treated plots were 75-rows wide (188 ft or 3 plane-swaths). The untreated plots were 50-rows wide (125 ft). Treatments were applied on 21 Jul, ca. 1 week pre-tassel. During application, the sky was overcast, air temperature was 75°F and the wind was 3-8 mph from the SSE. Spider mites were counted weekly on every other leaf (one half plant) of 5 flagged plants in the central part of each plot between 15 Jul and 21 Aug. Mite predator populations were also recorded. Spider mite populations in one south field check plot collapsed by week 3, apparently due to predator mite activity. Therefore, this plot was treated as a missine data value after week 2. The north field was oversprayed with Furadan 4F 1.0 lb Al/acre after the 2-week counts were made.

Systemic Insecticides for the Control of Insects on Flue-Cured Tobacco, 1986

Abstract Tobacco was transplanted in plots, 40 (24 plants) × 12 ft (3 rows) on 6 May. The test site located was on a sandy loam soil with a pH of 5.8 and 1.9%. Treatment plots were arranged in a randomized, complete block design replicated 4 times. Plots were separated by 5 or 12 ft alleys and there were no border rows between plots. Insect counts and yields were taken for the center rows of each plot. Pretransplant broadcast and band treatments of granular insecticides were applied with a granular applicator mounted on a push-cart. Liquid formulations were applied with a CO2-powered backpack sprayer delivering 30 gal of finished spray/acre through 8004 tips at 30 psi. Treatments were applied and incorporated by double disking on 29 Apr. The band application of Furadan 4F was made in a 12-inch band with a CO2-powered backpack sprayer delivering 10 gallons of finished spray per acre through an 8004E tip at 30 psi. Treatments were applied and incorporated during the bedding operation on 30 Apr. Post-treatment broadcast applications of Pounce were made on 13 May using the same application method used to apply liquid preplant broadcast treatments. Side-dress applications of Temik were made on 27 May with a tractor-mounted Gandy applicator that delivered the granules in 6-inch bands of each side of the row. Granules were incorporated immediately by cultivation. Layby treatments of RH-7988 were applied with a CO2 backpack sprayer delivering 20 gal of finished spray/acre at 30 psi through 8004E tips on each side of the row and incorporated by last cultivation on 17 Jun. Tobacco flea beetles and the number of feeding holes on the most damaged leaf were counted on 10 plants/plot. Green peach aphid populations were estimated on the upper 4 leaves (at least 6 inches long) for 10 plants/plot. Hornworms and the number of leaves destroyed by hornworms were sampled on 24 plants/plot. Insect counts were made every 1-2 weeks throughout the study. Leaves from each plot were harvested as they ripened and cured for yield and value determinations. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and DMRT multiple range tests. Aphid data were transformed to log10 (X + 1) for analysis, but the actual means were presented in the tables.

Early Season Insect Control, 1984

Abstract ‘Black Magic’ and ‘Black Beauty’ eggplant were transplanted on 21 May near Benson, NC ‘Black Magic’ was transplanted in Furadan 15G plots (2 rates), untreated check and Pydrin plots. ‘Black Beauty’ was transplanted in the Furadar. 4F and Vydate 2L plots. Treatments consisted of single rows on 84-inch centers replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Kelthane 4F was applied 12 Jun and 19 Jul to control spider mites. Foliar treatments were applied using a CO2-pressurized backpack sprayer with a single hollow cone nozzle operating at 60 psi and 80 gal water per acre. Granular materials were applied with shaker jars in 12-15 inch bands and incorporated 3 inches deep before black plastic mulch and trickle irrigation tubes were laid. Furadan 4F and Vydate 2L were applied in 4 oz transplant water. Treatments were made 15 May (PPI), 21 May (TPW) and 29 Jun and 8 Aug (foliar). Plots were artificially infested with CPB (4-5 adults per plot) on 18 Jun. Insect damage ratings and CPB counts were made 19, 27 Jun, 3, 10, 23, 30 Jul.

Banded Sunflower Moth Larval Control, 1984

Abstract Plots were established in a grower’s field near Gary, Norman county, MN. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications and placed 250 ft each from the east and north edge of a 40 acre field. Plots were 4 rows by 30 ft in length. Insecticides were broadcast applied on 8 Aug, one day after the main field was treated with 0.75 lb (AI)/acre methyl parathion 4E, 0.12 lb (AI)/acre Pydrin 2.4E, and 0.5 lb (AI)/acre Furadan 4F. Fifty percent of plants had male florets extended (50% bloom) on 8 Aug. Application was made using a hand held CO2 sprayed with 40 psi pressure and 20 gal total material per acre. Plant height w.is approximately 6 ft. Temperature at application was 83°F. Damaged seed counts were taken by smashing heads prior to threshing, removing 2 cupsful of this unclean material, and examining 100 seeds and/or florets for larval feeding.

Alfalfa Weevil Larval Control, West Virginia, 1984

Abstract Treatments were applied on 10 May using a tractor-mounted hydraulic sprayer with a boom length of 20 ft. Spray delivery rate was 25 gal/acre at 20 lb/sq inch. Plant height averaged 14 inches. Plots were 22 x 50 ft with 3 replications per treatment in a randomized complete block design. Sampling consisted of one, 10-sweep sample per plot using a standard 15-inch diam sweep-net swung in a 180° arc. Samples were collected weekly for 3 wk and mean values compared by ANOVA. Accumulative precipitation for 1, 2 and 3 wk posttreatment was 0.98, 1.04 and 4.32 inches, respectively. Furadan 4F at 0,5 lb (AI)/acre was applied as a standard for comparison.

Alfalfa Weevil Larvae Control, Kentucky, 1984

Abstract The test area was a 4-year-old stand of ‘Gladiator’ variety alfalfa. The plots were 34 x 36 ft and each treatment and the untreated control were replicated 3 times in a completely random design. Sprays were mixed so as to apply the proper rates in 20 gal of total volume per acre. Treatments were applied with a low-pressure, low-volume Halm field sprayer equipped with 21 Spraying Systems 8003 Tee Jet nozzles and operated at a pressure of 35 psi. Population densities of larvae were determined 2, 8, 12, 16 and 20 days following treatment by collecting 10 sweeps from each plot with a standard 15-inch diam beating net. The treatments were applied 9 May ’84. Treatment means, expressed as larvae per 10 sweeps on the sampling date indicated, were separated by use of Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test. A standard treatment of Furadan 4F was applied at the rate of 0.5 lb (AI)/acre.

Controlling Cereal Leaf Beetles with Insecticides Applied at Planting in Spring Oats, 1983

Abstract Disulfoton 8 and Furadan 4F treatments were evaluated to determine their efficacy in controlling cereal leaf beetle populations in spring-planted oats. Insecticides were applied on 23 Mar., 1 week after planting ‘Noble’ oats on the Russell Settle Farm near Warsaw, Va. A randomized block design was employed with four replications. Individual plots were 8.8 by 3.0 m and spaced 0.91 m apart. Each insecticide was applied with a backpack sprayer containing a single cone nozzle that delivered 30 gal of furnished formulation per acre at 40 lb/in2 . The efficacy of individual insecticide treatments were determined 7, 8, 10, 11 and 12 weeks after application by inspecting whole plants for the presence of live larvae and eggs per 0.3 m of row. Yield estimates were obtained by harvesting the two center rows of each plot. Yields were adjusted to 14% moisture.

Cabbage, Efficacy, and Yield Response Determinations of Furadan Treatments, 1983

Abstract F1 Stonehead cabbage plants were transplanted 6 May on the VPI & SU Hortic. Farm, Montgomery Co., Va. Plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design, replicated four times. Each plot consisted of three 30-ft rows with 20 plants per row (18-in. spacing). Row placement was 3 ft with 5 ft alleys between replicates. Two rates of Furadan 4F (1.0 lb and 2.0 lb (AI)/acre)were applied 9 May . A compressed air sprayer equipped with 1 fan-type nozzle (Teejet 8003) and delivering 20 gal/acre at 30 lb/in.2 was used for placement of the insecticide over each treated row of plants.

Alfalfa Weevil Larvae Control, Kentucky 1983

Abstract The test area was a 3-year-old stand of ‘Buffalo’ variety alfalfa. The plots were 34 by 36 ft and each treatment and the untreatred control were replicated three times in a completely random design. Treatments were applied on 5 May with a low-pressure, low-volume Hahn field sprayer equipped with 21 Spraying Systems 8003 TeeJet nozzles and operated at a pressure of 35 lb/in2 delivering 20 gal/acre total volume. Population densities of larvae were determined 4, 17, 13, and 18 days following treatment by collecting 10 sweeps from each plot with a standard 15-in. diam. beating net. A damage rating was made on 23 May and was based on a scale of 1 to 9 where 1, no damage; 9, 100% of leaves consumed. A standard treatment of Furadan 4F was applied at the rate of 0.5 lb (AI)/acre.

Phytotoxicity Evaluations on Container-Grown Azaleas, California, 1983

Abstract Phytotoxicity evaluations were made on plants grown and maintained by a cooperating grower in Montebello, Calif. The test was replicated three times with fifty 1-gal azaleas per replicate. The granular materials, Furadan 10G, Oftanol 5G, Bendiocarb 2G, and Dursban 2G, were broadcast on the soil of each pot and subsequently watered in. Soil drenches were applied to the soil of the containers for the Furadan 4F, Oftanol 2F, and Dycarb 76WP treatments. All materials were evaluated at 10.0 and 20.0 lb (AI)/acre and compared to an untreated check. Phytotoxicity readings were made weekly for 4 weeks after treatment.

Alfalfa, Alfalfa Weevil Larva Control, 1980

Abstract A test was conducted May 2 through May 15 in Roanoke Co, VA, with Larvin 500 to measure the control of alfalfa weevil larva in alfalfa. Furadan 4F was used as a comparison. Applications were made on 200 sq ft plots replicated 4 times using a randomized design. The post-treatment counts were averaged from the 4 replicates. The Larvin 500 was applied at 0.225 lb ai/acre and 0.45 lb ai/acre. The Furadan 4F (4 lb/gal) was applied at 0.5 lb ai/acre. Samples consisted of 25 alfalfa stems collected in a zig-zag pattern across each plot. Larvae were extracted by beating bundles of these stems against the inside of a 5-gal bucket.

Alfalfa Weevil Larvae Control, Kentucky, 1982

Abstract The test area was a 2-year-old stand of ‘Buffalo’ variety alfalfa. The plots were 34 x 36 ft and each treatment and the untreated control were replicated 3 times in a completely random design. Sprays were mixed so as to apply the proper rates in 20 gal of total volume per acre. Treatments were applied with a low-pressue, low-volume, Hahn field sprayer equipped with 21 Spraying Systems 8003 Tee Jet nozzles and operated at a pressure of 35 psi. Population densities of larvae were determined 3, 6, 14, 17 and 20 days following treatment by collecting 10 sweeps from each plot with a standard 15-in dia beating net. A damage rating was made on May 20 and was based on a scale of 1-9 where 1 = no damage and 9 = 100% of leaves consumed, with 2-8 being intermediate. The Bay Sir 8514 25WP treatments were applied Apr 1 with the remainder of the treatments being applied Apr 30. Treatment means, expressed as larvae per 10 sweeps on the sampling date indicated, were separated by use of Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test. A standard treatment of Furadan 4F was applied at the rate of 0.5 lb ai/acre.

Nursery Stock Phytotoxicity Evaluations, California, 1980-81

Abstract Five insecticides were applied to selected container-grown nursery stock and phytotoxic effects were determined. The following pesticides were selected based on their ability to control many pests commonly found on nursery stock (particularly the black vine weevil, Otiorhynchussulcatus (F.), and due to a lack of information necessary for their labeling in a nursery: Supracide 2E, Knox-Out 2FM, Ficam 76W, and Furadan 4F and 10G. These insecticides were applied on the following plants, Supracide - camel ia, podocarpus, ivy; Knox-Out - camelia, podocarpus, azalea; and Furadan 4F and 10G - azalea, camel ia, pine and podocarpus. Materials were applied until run-off with a handgun operating at from a 2-1/2 gpm (9.5 liters per min) piston pump at 125 psi, except Furadan 10G which was applied to the soil of individual pots. The soil was a modified University of CA mixture with a pH of ca 7.4. Insecticides were applied at 1X, 2X and 4X concentrations where 1X = recommended label rate. The recommended rates per 100 gal water for the chemicals evaluated are: Supracide, Knox-Out, Ficam, Furadan 4F - 0.5 lb, Furadan 10G was applied at 10.0 lb ai/acre (= 1X). Insecticides were applied on Nov 17, Dec 8, May 1, Jun 8 and 29. Data on phytotoxicity were recorded on a weekly basis for 4 weeks following spray application. No phytotoxicity was detected.

Bean Leaf Beetle Control with Systemic Insecticide-Nematicides, 1980

Abstract Essex variety soybean was planted May 8 at the West Tennessee Experiment Station, Jackson, TN. Bedford variety (resistant to races 1, 3, and 4 of the soybean cyst nematode Heteroderaglycines) was planted as a nematode resistant check. Subplots were two 40 inch rows by 30 ft long replicated 4 times in a split plot design. The soil type was a Memphis silt loam (0-M.:1.1456; pH:6.1). Soil moisture was good with 1.12 inches of rain during the week following planting. Granular insecticides were applied in-furrow or in an incorporated 8 inch band in front of the planter sword. Furadan 4F (2.0 lb ai/acre) was applied in an 8 inch band behind the press wheel at 8.9 gal of spray per acre. Lexone herbicide was applied pre-emergence to specified main plots in 20 gal of spray per acre (8003 tips, 30 psi, and 4 mph). Nematode populations were below damaging levels. Beetle counts were made 3 weeks after planting by counting the number of dead bean leaf beetle (BLB) in 3 ft of row in each row. Sub-plots were harvested Oct 7 and yields expressed as bu/acre at 13% moisture.

Reduction of Stewart’s Wilt Disease by Controlling Flea Beetles in Sweet Corn, 1981

Abstract ‘Sugar & Gold’ sweet corn were planted to a Sassafras sandy loam field on May 6. Plots consisted of 4 rows of corn on 30-inch centers and 25 ft long. A 15 ft alleyway separated each plot within each replicate. Twenty plants in the outside 2 rows of each plot were artificially inoculated with Stewart’s wilt bacteria on May 27 using an injection needle (one of the 2 untreated plots received no inoculation). Furadan 10g granules were placed in the furrow at planting time. Furadan 4F and Sevin 80S were applied as foliar spray on May 28 and Jun 3 using a tractor-mounted boom sprayer with one nozzle over the whorl calibrated to deliver 55 gal/acre at 250 psi. All 4 rows per plot were treated. Percent infected plants, percent dead plants, plant heght and yield data were recorded from the middle (non-inoculated) two rows only.

Scots Pine, Pales Weevil and Northern Pine Weevil Control, Carroll Co., Ohio, 1980

Abstract A stand of Scots pine Christmas trees, partially harvested in 1979, was used to evaluate efficacy of selected insecticides as stump treatments to limit reproduction of regeneration weevils. Three, 5-stump replicates arranged in a randomized complete block design were treated April 24 when the temperature was 16-18°C with clear skies and a slight breeze. Tordon was applied to only 5 stumps scattered throughout the stand. Hudson compression sprayers were used to apply ca 180 ml of finished spray to each stump. On May 4, additional stumps were treated in the aforementioned manner at the same location to evaluate 2 rates of Furadan 4F. In this case, 20 consecutive stumps in a row were treated with each rate (=4, 5-stump reps/trt.). Stumps were sampled Aug 8-Nov 7 by stripping bark to first lateral roots and counting larvae and depressions in the xylem that indicated presence of chip cocoons. No attempt was made to distinguish chip cocoons of the 2 weevil species.

Effect of Timing of Insecticides on Control of European Corn Borers, 1979

Abstract Furadan 10G and Furadan 4F were each applied at three different times and Furadan 15G two different times, during the early growing season and Counter 15G and Temik 15G were applied at planting time only for controlling first brood European corn borer larvae. Insecticides were applied on either April 30, May 28, or June 8 in field corn located at the Vernon Delano Farm near Warsaw, Virginia. A randomized block experimental design was employed with 3 replications. Individual plots were 4 x 25 ft roows spaced 3 ft apart. Insecticides were applied with a Gandy granular applicator in a 5 in band over the row at planting or in a 5 in band in the whorl. The at planting applications were lightly incorporated to a depth of 0.5-1.0 in. The efficacy of individual insecticide treatments was determined by comparing the percent infested stalks on June 4 and 19, percent lodged stalks on Sept 18, and yield in treated plots to that in untreated plots. All corn stalks in each plot were examined for the presence of live larvae and evaluated for lodging.

Alfalfa Weevil Control, 1980

Abstract Experimental insecticides were applied to an established alfalfa field at the Middle Tennessee Experiment Station, Spring Hill, TN on Apr 9. Furadan 4F and Imidan were included as standards. Plots were 18 x 20 ft, replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Insecticides were applied at the rate of 25 gal/acre at 30 psi with a CO2-powered boom sprayer mounted on bicycle wheels. Five pendulum sweeps were taken with a 15-in dia insect net in each plot weekly from treatment to harvest. Pretreatment mean was 1.5 alfalfa weevil larvae per 5 sweeps. Yields were taken on May 8 from a 5-ft swath cut out of the center of each plot. Weather information was taken from the experiment station.

Alfalfa Weevil Larvae Control, Kentucky 1980

Abstract The test area was a two year old stand of Buffalo variety alfalfa. The plots were 34 x 36 ft and each treatment and the untreated control were replicated three times in a completely random design. The sprays were mixed so as to apply the proper rates in 20 gal of total volume per acre. The treatments were applied with a low-pressure, low-volume, Hahn field sprayer equipped with 21 Spraying Systems 8003 Tee Jet nozzles and operated at a pressure of 35 psi. Population densities of the larvae were determined 3, 7, 10, 13, and 18 days following treatment by collecting 10 sweeps from each plot with a standard 15 in dia beating net. The treatments were applied May 2, 1980. Treatment means, expressed as larvae per 10 sweeps on the sampling date indicated, were separated by use of Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test. The standard treatments of Furadan 4F and Imidan 50W were applied at the rates of 0.5 and 1.0 lb ai/acre respectively. A damage rating was made and was based on a scale of 1-9 where 1 = no damage and 9 = 100% of leaves consumed, with 2-8 being intermediate.