Furadan 3G Research Articles

Development of Bio-Rational Based Management Packages Against Root Knot (Meloidogyne Incognita) Of Bottle Gourd

The efficacy of Tricho-compost alone and combination of lower dose of Furadan 5G with Tricho-compost, poultry refuse, neem oil cake and saw dust burning against root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) of bottle gourd was studied in the field laboratory of Plant Pathology Division of Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI) during 2017 through 2019 cropping seasons. All the treatments gave appreciable reduction of gall development on roots and enhanced shoot and root growth as well as fruit yield of bottle gourd. Integration of Furadan 5G with Trichoderma based bio-fungicides. Trichocomposts, neem oil cake, and poultry refuse were the effective treatments in reducing root-knot severity and increasing plant growth and fruit yield of bottle gourd.
 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 46(4): 373-383, December 2021

Bio-management of rice root-knot nematode, M. graminicola by using various organic amendments and bio-control agents on rice nursery

A screen house experiment was conducted during kharif season, 2020-21 to know the effect of organic amendments and bio-agents (alone and in combination) in comparison with chemical on the population of rice root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne graminicola) in rice. Nursery was grown in 5 kg soil capacity earthen pan filled with infested soil having initial nematode population 285 J2/200 cc soil. Seeds of the rice (Variety- Pusa 1121) were soaked in tap water for 24 h and the sprouted seeds were sown in pots. Hundred seeds of rice were sown in each pot and each treatment was replicated four times. Organic amendments (neem cake and FYM) and bio-agents (Pseudomonas fluorescens, Purpureocillium lilacinum and Trichoderma viride) were added 10 days before sowing. Weighted amount of bio-agents was mixed in neem cake and FYM for enrichment with 7-10 days waiting period. Carbofuran (Furadan 3G) was added at time of sowing. The earthen pots without organic amendments, bio-agents and chemical were treated as control. Observations on plant growth parameters (seedling length in cm fresh and dry seedling weight in g) and nematode multiplication (number of galls/20 seedling, number of eggs/20 seedling and final nematode population in the soil/200 cc soil) were made at transplanting time. The plant parameters were maximum and significantly highest in treated nursery (neem cake @ 50 g/pot + Pseudomonas fluorescens @ 50 g/pot) under screen house conditions. Nematode reproduction and multiplication parameters such as number of galls/seedling, number of eggs/seedling and final nematode population were significantly reduced in neem cake @ 50 g/pot + Pseudomonas fluorescens @ 50 g/pot.

Development of biorational management package of root knot nematode disease of country bean

A field experiment was conducted with a view to test the efficacy of Tricho-composts and integration of Tricho-composts, poultry refuse (PR), neem oilcake (NOC), saw dust burning (SDB) with chemical nematicide Furadan 5G (Carbofuran) for controlling root knot nematode of country bean through which growers will be benefited. The root-knot nematode infested soils were treated with Tricho-compost-1 @ 2 kg/pit, Tricho-compost-2 @ 2 kg/pit, Tricho-compost-1 @ 2 kg/pit + Furadan 5 G @ 20 g/pit, Tricho-compost-2 @ 2 kg/pit + Furadan 5 G @ 20 g/pit, poultry refuse @ 5-6 kg/pit + Furadan 5 G @20 g/pit , neem oil cake @ 500 g/pit + Furadan 5 G @ 20 g/pit and saw dust burning + Furadan 5 G @ 20 g/pit. It was revealed that all the treatments performed well in reducing root-knot nematode infestation and increasing plant growth and yield country bean compared to farmers’ practices. Among the treatments, integration of poultry refuse with Furadan 5G or Trichoderma based bio-fungicides Tricho-composts with Furadan 5G or neem oil cake with Furadan 5G are the best treatments in reducing root-knot nematode infestation and increasing plant growth as well as yield of country bean. Soil treatment with only Tricho-composts or integration of saw dust burning with Furadan 5G also performed better in reduction of root knot nematode disease and increasing plant growth as well as yield of country bean.

Development of Biorational Management Package of Root Knot Nematode Disease of Country Bean

A field experiment was conducted with a view to test the efficacy of Tricho-composts and integration of Tricho-composts, poultry refuse (PR), neem oilcake (NOC), saw dust burning (SDB) with chemical nematicide Furadan 5G (Carbofuran) for controlling root knot nematode of country bean through which growers will be benefited. The root-knot nematode infested soils were treated with Tricho-compost-1 @ 2 kg/pit, Tricho-compost-2 @ 2 kg/pit, Tricho-compost-1 @ 2 kg/pit + Furadan 5 G @ 20 g/pit, Tricho-compost-2 @ 2 kg/pit + Furadan 5 G @ 20 g/pit, poultry refuse @ 5-6 kg/pit + Furadan 5 G @20 g/pit , neem oil cake @ 500 g/pit + Furadan 5 G @ 20 g/pit and saw dust burning + Furadan 5 G @ 20 g/pit. It was revealed that all the treatments performed well in reducing root-knot nematode infestation and increasing plant growth and yield country bean compared to farmers’ practices. Among the treatments, integration of poultry refuse with Furadan 5G or Trichoderma based bio-fungicides Tricho-composts with Furadan 5G or neem oil cake with Furadan 5G are the best treatments in reducing root-knot nematode infestation and increasing plant growth as well as yield of country bean. Soil treatment with only Tricho-composts or integration of saw dust burning with Furadan 5G also performed better in reduction of root knot nematode disease and increasing plant growth as well as yield of country bean.

RESPONS TANAMAN BUNCIS TIPE TEGAK (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) TERHADAP PEMBERIAN PUPUK KOMPOS DAN TSP

The research was carried out in the experimental farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, Riau Islamic University, Pekanbaru during 6 months from July to December 2017. The study used Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 2 factors. First factor was goat manure, consisting of 5 levels: 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 tons/ha and the second factor was TSP fertilizer, consisting of 4 levels: 0, 100, 175, 250 kg/ha. The materials used were bean seeds of the Balitsa-2 variety, goat manure, TSP fertilizer, Urea, KCl, Furadan 3G, Curacon 500 EC, Fungicide (Antracol), and 1 kg clear plastic. Parameters observed were flowering age, harvest age, number of pods per plant, pod weight per plant, pod length, and number of the remaining fruit. The tools used are a hoe, machete, rake, hand sprayer, analytical scale, meter, stationery, and camera. The results of the observations were analyzed statistically, and the further test was significantly different at a significant level of 5%. The results showed that the interaction and main effect of goat manure and TSP had a significant effect on all observated parameters. The best treatment was goat manure with a dose of 5 – 20 tons/ha and TSP at a dose of 100 – 250 kg/ha.

Management of Termite Pests in Three Public Services of Korhogo (North of Côte d’Ivoire)

Termites are becoming economic pests because of their appetite for wood and wood products in human dwellings and building materials. The objective of this study is to assess the impact of these insects on the activities of public services in the city of Korhogo, located in the north of Côte d'Ivoire. Termite attacks was investigated in 3 public services of the city. A survey was conducted to identify the control methods used against these pests. The results showed that termite pests represent a real problem. A total of 7 species of termites responsible for attacks were collected. These species belong to the wood-feeders, fungus-growers and grass-feeders group. The fungus-growers are the most involved in the observed attacks. Pseudacanthotermes militaris, which was involved in 54% of the attacks, was the most dangerous species. Termite attacks and damages were observed on doors, wooden shelves, ceilings, birth and marriage records. Surveys reveal that only chemical control is used in these services to control termites. A total of four pesticides were used to control termites in the three services visited. These were Cypercal 50 EC, K-Othrine® SC25, Actellic® 50 EC and Furadan 3G. Unfortunately, these products appear to be ineffective in some services. It is therefore important to take more effective and environmentally friendly measures to limit the impact of these insects on the activities of the public administrations of the town of Korhogo.

Management of Wilt Complex of Eggplant (<i>Solanum melongena</i> L.) Caused by <i>Fusarium oxysporum, Ralstonia solanacearum</i> and <i>Meloidogyne</i> spp.

Wilt complex disease of eggplant is a severe problem in Bangladesh as well as in the world. The pathogenic variability and their survival nature make the disease complex. The pathogen includes a fungus (Fusarium oxysporum), a bacterium (Ralstonia solanacearum) and a nematode (Meloidogyne spp.) that attack the plant individually or combinedly. The present investigation aimed to evaluate the integrated effects of different chemicals, poultry manure and Trichoderma harzianum to manage the disease. Carbendazim (Autostin 50WP), Streptomycin sulphate 9% and Tetracycline hydrochloride 1% (Krosin 10SP) and Carbofuran (Furadan 3G) were used as a fungicide, bactericide and nematicide, respectively which were integrated with poultry manure and Trichoderma harzianum resulting in sixteen treatments. The treatment efficacy varied significantly in comparison to control in respect of wilt incidence, yield and yield contributing characters. No wilt incidence was observed where Trichoderma harzianum was applied individually or in combination with Furadan 3G, Krosin 10SP, Autostin 50WP and poultry manure. The highest yield increase (300%) over control was noted in the treatment where Krosin 10SP, Furadan 3G, Trichoderma harzianum and Poultry manure were applied combinedly. The same treatment showed the best performance over control by 32%, 29%, 60%, 53% in case of the number of branches, number of leaves, number of fruits and fruit length, respectively. This treatment (Krosin 10SP + Furadan 3G + Trichoderma sp. + Poultry manure) also provided the highest Benefit Cost Ration (5.68).

Efficacy of Purpureocillium lilacinum, Trichoderma harzianum and T. viride bio-formulations against Meloidogyne incognita

The root knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, is a sedentary endoparasitic plant pathogen with broad host range. It infects variety of crops and causes drastic annual crop yield losses worldwide. Its management is a major concern for sustainable crop production. In the present study, bio-formulations viz.., Purpureocillium lilacinum WP (1 × 108 CFU/g), P. lilacinum Liquid (1 × 109 CFU/ml), Trichoderma harzianum (WP) (2 × 106 CFU/g) and T. viride (WP) (2 × 106 CFU/g) along with chemical control Furadan 3G were evaluated for their comparative efficacy in suppressing egg hatching and causing juvenile mortality of M. incognita. All the bio-formulations showed certain degree of egg hatch suppression as well as juvenile mortality of M. incognita over untreated control when exposed to different concentrations over a period of time and their efficacy increased with increase in concentration and exposure period. Among all the bio-formulations, P. lilacinum (Liquid) formulation showed overall significantly more egg hatch inhibition (64.0%) and all other formulations were at par with each other. For juvenile mortality all the bio-formulations behaved significantly at par with each other however, P. lilacinum (Liquid) formulation showed comparatively more juvenile mortality.

Efficacy of Organic Amendments and a Nematicide for the Management of Root-Knot Nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) of Tomato

A field experiment was conducted in the field of Plant Pathology Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute to find out the efficacy of organic amendments viz. poultry refuse, rice bran , fresh saw dust, dry saw dust, tea waste and a nematicide Furadan 5G against root-knot disease (Meloidogyne incognita) of tomato during three consecutive years viz. 2012-13, 2013-14 and 2014-15. Soil was treated with different organic amendments 10 days before seedling transplanting and Furadan 5G was applied on the day of seedling transplanting of tomato. The soils of the experimental plots were inoculated with chopped severely galled (M. incognita) roots of tomato at the time of treatment application. In all the years, considerable reduction in root-knot disease and increase in plant growth and fruit yield were achieved with different treatments and Furadan 5G. The most effective treatment was poultry refuse followed by rice bran and Furadan 5G. In 1st year, 2nd year and 3rd year, gall index values were 5.16, 4.94 and 6.27 under control, respectively. The severity was reduced to 59.11-64.53% in 1st year, 50.60-60.72% in 2nd year and 48.96-55.34% in the 3rd year compared to control due to application of the rice bran, Furadan 5G and poultry refuse. On the other hand, fruit yield under control was 44.82 t/ha at 1st year 49.73 t/ha in 2nd year and 36.95 t/ha at 3rd year. The highly effective three treatments increased fruit yield to 11.02-29.90% in 1st year, 17.17-30.56% in 2nd year and 23.39-35.02% in the 3rd year compared to control. The fruit yield of tomato was directly and linearly correlated with gall indices in tomato gall. Based on the findings of present the study poultry refuse and rice bran noted as an effective treatment to manage root-knot disease of tomato.

Management of root-knot disease of pointed gourd through the application of nematicides and different organic amendments

A field experiment was conducted at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Ishwardi, Pabna during 2013-14 to find out an effective integrated management package for controlling root knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita of pointed gourd. The following treatments were T1 = Spore suspension of T. harzanium added to around the roots of seedling, T2 = Dry neem leaves @100 g seedling-1, T3 = Furadan 5G @ 40 kg ha-1, T4 = Poultry litter @ 5 t ha-1, T5 = Mustard oil cake @ 800 kg ha-1, T6 = Furadan 5G + Dry neem leaves, T7 = Furadan 5G + Poultry litter, T8 = Furadan 5G + Mustard oil cake and T9 = Control were tested for their performance against the disease. Gall index ranged from 3.33-7.67. Significantly lower gall index (3.33) was recorded in treatment T7= Furadan 5G + Poultry litter and maximum gall index (7.67) was recorded in treatment T9= Control plot. The highest yield (24.97 t ha-1) was recorded in Furadan 5G + Poultry litter treated plot where are the lowest yield (7.53 t ha-1) was in Control plot. The incorporation of Poultry litter with Furadan 5G increased the efficiency of the treatment and gave satisfactory result to reduce root knot disease and to improve plant growth and yield of pointed gourd.
 Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 9(2): 51-56, December 2019

Integrated management of bacterial wilt and root knot nematode of brinjal

The field experiment was conducted at Regional Agricultural Research Station (RARS), Hathazari, Chattagram to find out the efficacy of integration of poultry refuse (PR) with stable bleaching powder (SBP) or CaNO3 and Furadan 5G for the management of bacterial wilt (Ralstoniasolanacearum) and root-knot nematode disease (Meloidogyne incognita) of brinjal. Soil was treated with PR @ 3 t/ha 3 weeks before transplanting, stable bleaching powder @ 20 kg/ha during final land preparation and Furadan 5G @ 20 kg/ha on the day of seedlings transplanting while CaNO3 was used as soil drenching 10 days after seedling transplanting. Results showed that integration of poultry refuse with Furadan 5G and stable bleaching powder or CaNO3 reduced root-knot and bacterial wilt diseases and increased plant growth as well as yield of brinjal. The most effective treatment combination was PR + stable bleaching powder + Furadan 5G with early sowing, followed by PR + CaNO3 + Furadan 5G with early sowing for the management of bacterial wilt and root knot nematode diseases and increasing plant growth and yield of brinjal. The technology, poultry refuse+ stable bleaching powder + Furadan 5G was validated at Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Gazipur, Regional Agricultural Research Station of Jessore, Hathazari and Jamalpur and also at Agricultural Research Station and farmers field at Burirhat, Rangpur and OFRD farm at Alamnagar, Rangpur. The validation trials showed that integration of poultry refuse + stable bleaching powder+ Furadan 5G in early sowing was an effective management package of bacterial wilt and root knot nematode diseases of brinjal which also offered 21.81 to 25.98% higher yield over the conventional practices.
 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 44(3): 427-437, September 2019

Efficacy of Organic Soil Amendments and a Nematicide for Management of Root-Knot Nematode <i>Meloidogyne</i> Spp. of Onion

Field experiments were conducted in 2013-14, 2014-15 and 2015-16 planting seasons to evaluate the efficacy of different sources of organic materials and a nematicide Furadan 5G in the control of <i>Meloidogyne incognita</i> infection on the major spices onion, <i>Allium cepa</i> L. The organic materials (poultry refuse, mustard oil cake, rice bran and sawdust) were incorporation with the soil 3 weeks before transplanting of onion seedlings whereas Tricho-composts were added in the soils 5 days before seedling transplanting. The results showed that different organic materials displayed varying levels of effective to the nematode infection. All the treatments gave satisfactory reduction of gall development on roots and increased plant growth as well as yield of onion. Among the treatments, Tricho-composts and poultry refuse appeared to be the best amendments for root knot nematode reduction and significantly influenced the growth of the onion with the highest yield. Saw dust, rice bran and nematicide Furadan 5G were also proved to be better amendment for reduction of root knot nematode which enhanced plant growth and increased yield of onion. These results suggest that exploitation of organic soil amendment in nematode management would be a useful control measure in onion production in Bangladesh.

Pengaruh pemberian insektisida Furadan 3G terhadap perkembangan tuba neuralis embrio ayam ras

Background: Furadan 3G insecticide is widely used in agriculture sector. Aim: To explore the teratogenic effect on development of the neural tube and cerebellum of the chick embryo. Method: Eighty fertilized eggs were involved in this experiment and incubated until hatching and forty further (the half) were injected with Furadan 3G 11 mg/kg on the first day of the experiment while the other half were referred as control group. The specimen were studied on the day of 5th, 7th, 21st, 2 weeks and 4 weeks of incubation after hatching by preparing a transversal section and staining with M.E. Conclusion: the Furadan 3G interfered the development of cerebellar cortex.

Bio-Rational Management of Armyworm (Mythimna separata) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Chitwan Condition of Nepal

The armyworm, Mythimna separata Walker is the potential insect pest of maize, causes a severe damage on the vegetative and reproductive stages of that plant. Insecticides are the common practices to manage the broad categories of the pest in a maize field. Further, these practices have been linked to farmers health, biodiversity loss and declining of predatory arthropods. However, pest management by adopting a tool of integrated pest management is one potential option to reduce the pesticide in maize fields. Field experiments were conducted in winter maize with the aim of evaluating the potential bio-rational pesticides to manage the armyworm. The studies were conducted for two consecutive years in 2015/16 and 2016/17 at Rampur, Chitwan. Treatments were: Metarrhizium anisopliae (0.2ml/lit water), Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus (NPV) ( 2.5gm/lit water), Spinosad 45% SC (0.25ml/liter of water), Multineem (Azadriachta indica) (2 .0 ml/ liter water), Furadan 3G (3-4g/ Whorl application), Lara (Chloropyriphos 50 EC + Cypermethrin 5 EC) (1.0 ml/liter of water), Magik (Imidacloprid 17.8% (0.5ml/liter of water) and Control. The experiments were completely randomized block design with three replicates. Spinosad treated plots demonstrated the lowest damage (0.884%) followed by Magik (1.27%) which was significantly lower (P&lt; 0.05) than other treatments in 2015/2016. However, in 2016/2017, Spinosad treated plot also showed the significantly lowest damage (1.67%) followed by Lara plots (2.67%), both of these were significantly different (P&lt; 0.05) to Metarhizium and control plots, but similar to the other treatments, but not significantly so. Maximum yield was recorded in spinosad treated plots (9.8 t/ha and 9.12 t/ha) followed by Lara treated plots (9.17t/ha and 8.69t/ha) and were lowest in control plots (4.55 t/ha and 7.18 t/ha) for both years. Hence, Spinosad (soil actinomycete bacterium, Saccharopolyspora spinose ) has the potentiality to maximize the maize yield and also potentially to the reduce the pesticide consumption and incurred cost caused by the pesticide use. Such a safe and eco-friendly insecticide has the potential to replace the synthetic pesticide and provide the benign environment to the natural predators and service providing units of multiple ecosystem services in maize agro-ecosystem.

Protective effects of perennial herb, against furadan 3G induced cytotoxicity in Melissa officinalis Channa punctatus

Protective effects of perennial herb, against furadan 3G induced cytotoxicity in Melissa officinalis Channa punctatus

Inhibitory Effect of Carbofuran Furadan 3G on the Cocoon Production and Viability in Pheretima javanica Gates

Though carbofuran has known to possess adverse effects in soil organisms including earthworms, little is known about the effects of carbofuran, either dirrectly or indirrectly, on the earthworm Pheretima javanica. This study aimed to investigate the effect of carbofuran at sublethal doses on the cocoons production and viability of Pheretima javanica worms. Six groups of earthworms, each consisted of four worms, were reared in plastic pots and fed on cow manure mixed with carbofuran as much as 0 mg (for control), 0.1mg , 0.2mg, 0.3mg, 0.4mg and 0.5mg repectively. Cocoons produced were hand sorted every two weeks for three months and presented as the number of cocoons per individual per moth. Cocoon viability was determined by observing the hatchling emerged from the cocoons incubated in Petri dish and expressed as percentage of viability. The results showed both cocoons production and cocoon viablity of the worms decreased significantly by the increasing concentration of the pesticide given (α = 0.05). Thus, it can be conclusively suggested that carbofuran (Furadan 3G) highly harmful to earthworm Pheretima javanica, even at low concentrations adversely affect growth and reproduction of the worms.

Some ecological and toxicological studies on crayfish, Procambarus clarkii at Sharkia Governorate, Egypt

The Louisiana red swamp crayfish, Procambarus clarkii, which was introduced into Egypt in the1980s, has since become widespread across the country. Burrowing behavior of P. clarkii, was investigated in irrigation canal of three different sites (Abou-Kabir, Abou-hammad and Belbies) at Sharkia Governorate from January 2014 to December 2015. Most burrows were simple in their morphology and few of them had two types of chimney (plugged and open). Open chimney was present at 100cm of the edge side of irrigation canal, while plugged cap chimney was located inside the agriculture soil. Result indicated that a great number of P. clarkii were observed migrating across roadways to find the main irrigation canal, during their crossing many of them were killed by cars. The highest mean numbers of burrows and population density of P. clarkii were recorded at Abou-Kabir followed by Abou-hammad while Belbies was the lowest one in this respect during two successive years of 2014 and 2015. Furadan 10G is routinely applied in Egypt rice fields was examined in the laboratory against P. clarkii in trial to control its explosive populations in certain closed habitats. Data showed that after 96h, at the higher concentrations (70ppm) 100 and 90% of mortality were recorded for adult males and females of P. clarkii, respectively while at lower concentrations (50ppm) the mortality was 70 and 60% for both sexes respectively. LC50 of furadan was 58.26 and 63.60ppm for adult males and females, respectively.

Integrated Management of Seed borne Nematode (&lt;i&gt;Aphelenchoides besseyi&lt;/i&gt;) in T. Aman Rice (&lt;i&gt;Oryza sativa&lt;/i&gt; L.)

Two experiments were conducted in the Nematology Laboratory of the Seed Pathology Centre and experimental field of the Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh during 2004 to examine the influence of physical and chemical treatments on the seed borne nematode disease of rice. The integrated control with physical and chemical treatments against seed borne nematode (&lt;i&gt;Aphelenchoides besseyi&lt;/i&gt;) causing white tip disease of rice varieties BR11 and Nizersial (T. Aman) rice revealed that farmer’s saved seeds of both the varieties treated simultaneously with brine solution, hot water and Furadan 3G resulted in enhanced plant height, root length, panicle length, number of grains per panicle, total number of spikelet’s per panicle, grain yield and lower association of seed borne nematode. Better responses were found with farmer’s saved seeds treated with brine solution and hot water than field application of Furadan 3G, hot water treatment and treatment with brine solution having higher plant growth characters and yield of grains correspondingly with lower number of sterile and discolored spikelet’s and seed borne nematode compared to the control.The Agriculturists 2015; 13(1) 79-86

Variations in Stem Borer Infestation and Damage in Three Maize (&amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Zea mays&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; L.) Types in Southern Guinea Savanna and Rainforest Zones of Nigeria

The effects of location, maize types and borer control with carbofuran (Furadan 3G®) on the severity of maize stem borer infestation and damage was investigated in the late maize planting season of 2011. Treatments were laid out in randomized complete block design using a split-slip-plot factorial arrangement. Whole plot factor consisted of two locations (Southern Guinea Savanna and Rainforest agro-ecological zones of Nigeria), subplot factor consisted of 1.5 kg a.i.ha-1 and 0.0 kg a.i.ha-1 of carbofuran, while the sub-sub-plot factor comprised of three endosperm types of maize (flint, pop and sweet corn). Stem borer infestation (quantified by dead heart count and larval population per plant) and damage (quantified by %lodged stem, %bored internodes, %bored ears, number of exit holes, number of stem borer cavities and number of damaged seeds per plant) as well as yield were compared. Results revealed that borer infestation and damage were significantly higher (P 0.05) location × carbofuran × maize type and location × maize type effect was detected. However, significant (P < 0.05) location × carbofuran and carbofuran × maize type interaction effects were observed. We conclude that in both agro ecologies, flint corn was more tolerant of borer attack while sweet corn was more susceptible compared to either flint or popcorn. In addition, carbofuran at 1.5 kg a.i.ha-1 can significantly reduce stem borer population in the three maize types.

Survey of Major Insect Pests, Uses of Management Practices and Other Related Information of Sugarcane (&amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Saccharum officinarum&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; L.) Growers of the Northern Region of Bangladesh

Kantajir sugarcane Farm is the largest farm that situated a Kharol thana, Dinajprur, Bangladesh. There are 140.08 hectares (346 acres) of land. Farmers of the adjacent locality received leased of that land and cultivate sugarcane. Data collected from those farmers (5o farmers) during 01.01.12 to 31.03.12 from Sunderbon union of that Thana. Farmers informed that stem borer (Chilo tumidicostalis), early shoot borer (Chilo infuscatellus), top shoot borer (Scirpophaga incertulus), root borer (Emmalocera depressela), termite (Odontotermies obsesus), mealy bug (Sacchariccous sacchari) and scale insect (Melanapis glomerata) were major pest, respectively; even after application of insecticides (Furadan 5G). Moreover, 77.27% farmers informed that they used only Furadan 5G for the control of all type of stem borers; 54.54% farmers informed that they used losburn for control of termite. But removal of stem borer infested plant parts and killing of early shoot borer larvae by removal of soil was followed 21% farmers. In addition, the highest 77.27% farmers were acknowledged that those received information from the ‘Sugarcane development assistance’ followed by ‘Center in charge (13.63%). Additionally, 814.82% farmers said that they cultivated Isd 37 sugarcane variety followed by Isd-21 (40.91% farmers), and Isd 26 (27.27% farmers). Furthermore, 63.63% farmers informed that those cultivated chili Capsicum annuum as relay crops followed by potato Solanum tuberosum 54.54% (farmers), tomato Solanum lycopersicum 18.18% (farmers) and cucumber Cucumis sativus 13.63% (farmers). Moreover, farmers obtained every inputs such as sugarcane set (seeds), fertilizer and insecticide as loan and those loans were paid during the selling of sugarcane to the mill of Shetabgonj (Dinajpur, Bangladesh). In addition, those farmers claimed that they suffered various problems for sugarcane cultivation such as lack of marketing facilities (late purchase of sugarcane by the sugarcane mill, when it reduced its weight due do dry) and stem borer insect infestation.