Furadan 3G Research Articles

The impact of Furadan 3G (carbofuran) applications on aquatic macroinvertebrates in irrigated rice in Senegal

The impact of Furadan 3G applications (carbofuran, granular formulation; dose rate 1 kg a.i./ha) on aquatic macroinvertebrates was studied in irrigated test plots with rice in northern Senegal. Total biomass of macroinvertebrates and numbers of Odonata, Ephemeroptera, Mematocera (Diptera), and Hydrocorisae (Hemiptera) were severely and significantly reduced after treatment, and remained significantly lower than those in control plots until at least 24 days after treatment. No effects could be demonstrated on Veliidae (Hemiptera), Coleoptera, and Arachnida. In anin situ bioassay, Ephemeroptera was the most sensitive taxon, showing 50% mortality at 18–19 days after treatment. Side-effects of carbofuran applications were also observed in frogs and birds; some birds that consumed spilled granules died immediately.

Evaluación de plaguicidas y métodos para combatir el picudo negro del plátano (Cosmopolites sordidus Germar)

Se evaluaron la eficacia y los métodos de aplicación de varios insecticidas para combatir el picudo negro del plátano (Cosmopolites sordidus Germar) en tres experimentos realizados en Corozal. En el primer experimento Nemacur 15G3 a razón de 14, 28 y 42 g. por planta cada 6 meses, Temik 10G (28 g.), Dyfonate 10G (56 g.) y Furadan 10G (56 g.) fueron altamente efectivos a base de los rendimientos de frutas por acre, en la reducción del número de perforaciones y en la protección de más del 90% de las plantas para el retoño. El análisis de los datos del retoño reveló que Nemacur 15G (a tres dosis), Temik 10G, Dyfonate I 0G y Furadan 10G (dos dosis) redujeron significativamente el daño del picudo negro y propiciaron altos rendimientos. El segundo experimento se estableció para evaluar la eficacia de los tratamientos en la semilla antes de sembrarla y los tratamientos con insecticides granulados al momento de la siembra y 6 meses después. Se hizo un muestreo a los 6 meses y se tomaron datos de la eficacia del control. No hubo diferencias significativas que se puedan atribuir a los tratamientos. El experimento se descontinuó debido al daño causado por herbicidas tóxicos. En un tercer experimento el análisis estadístico de los datos de la plantilla reveló que todos los tratamientos fueron altamente significativos al reducir el número de perforaciones por rizoma. Con los tratamientos de Nemacur 15G a razón de 28 y 42 g. y de Vydate L a razón de 5 y 10 ml. por planta, respectivamente, se obtuvo una producción comercial de más de 24,000 frutas por acre. La información obtenida demuestra la alta eficacia de los plaguicidas Nemacur 15G, Temik 10G y Vydate L. No hubo respuesta significativa a los tratamientos de la semilla.

Thrips Control; Effect on Plant Growth, 1986

Abstract This test was conducted to compare insecticides applied in furrow for thrips control and to determine the effects on plant growth characteristics. The plots were 4 rows × 20 ft long with 4 replicates in a randomized complete block design. The soil type was Austin clay. Treatments were Temik 15G at 0.25 and 0.5 lb (AI)/acre, Counter 15G at 1.0 and 2.0 lb (AI)/acre, and Furadan 10G on corn cob grit (CCG) at 0.5 and 1.0 lb (AI)/acre. These treatments were applied in furrow at planting with a John Deere Flex 71 planter on 13 May. Plants from the outside rows were pulled and beaten on hardware screen over a white pan and thrips adults and nymphs counted. Twelve consecutive plants from each outside row were collected and thrips were counted on 27 May, 6 Jun, and 10 Jun. Ten consecutive 28-day-old plants from the center 2 rows were pulled on 19 and 20 May, and plant growth data were determined by dissecting the tap root at the cotyledon leaf node and leaves at the petiole. Leaves, stems, and roots were then weighed separately. The number of plants that were squaring was determined. Later in the season, earliness was measured by counting the number of bolls on 0.02-acre subplots in each center row. Total yield was obtained by stripping the center 2 rows with a brush stripper on 18 Sep.

Evaluation of Dimilin-25W for Rice Water Weevil Control, 1987

Abstract The experiment was conducted at the Texas A&M University Agricultural Research and Extension Center at Beaumont. The design was a randomized complete block with 5 treatments and 4 replications. Each plot was 6 × 13 ft and surrounded by a metal barrier to prevent contamination among plots. Plots were fertilized 22 May with urea at 110 lb nitrogen/acre. Rice was broadcast in each plot 22 May at 100 lb seed/acre. The plots were flooded 22 May and drained 24 h later. Propanil was applied at 3.0 lb (AI)/acre on 29 May and 16 Jun. On 19 Jun the permanent flood was established and maintained to maturity. Before the onset of the permanent flood and after the first irrigation on 23 May, additional irrigations were applied when the soil cracked from drying. On 9 Jul at panicle initiation, 60 lb nitrogen/acre in the form of urea was applied. Three and 9 days after the onset of the permanent flood, the Dimilin 25W treatments were applied with an atomizer supplied with COa propellant using a spray volume of 10 gal/acre. Furadan 3G was applied at 0.6 lb (AI)/acre 7 days after the onset of the permanent flood using a hand-held shaker. From 10 Jul to 20 Jul, 10 soil cores (4 inches diam × 4 inches deep) containing 1 plant/core were randomly selected and removed from each plot. Plants were washed in a 40-mesh screen bucket, and rice water weevil larvae and pupae were recovered and counted. Washed plants were measured for height, root length, and number of tillers and leaves. Plots were harvested at maturity on 25 Sep.

Effects of some insecticides on white grub control and yield of sugarcane

Abstract Experiments were conducted to find out suitable pesticides, dose and method of application to control white grubs (Scarabid beetles) damaging sugarcane in northern and northwestern districts of Bangladesh. Pesticides tested were Dieldrin (50WP, 40WP, 20EC), Heptachlor (40WP, 20G), Aldrin 5D, Ekalux 5G (Quinalphos) and Furadan 3G (Carbofuran) at varying doses and methods. Furadan 3G at 2.0 kg a.i./ha and 1.5 kg a.i./ha and Ekalux 5G at 2.0 kg a.i./ha significantly controlled white grubs. The yield following Furadan 3G at 2.0 kg a.i./ha was quite profitable in sandy and poor soils that were also affected by nematodes. Other pesticides belonging to chlorinated hydrocarbon groups were ineffective on grubs and sugarcane yield.

Hessian Fly Treatments in Bread Wheat in Morocco, 1985

Abstract A weed/insect control experiment located near Settat, Morocco, included 3 levels of Hessian fly control: zero control; short-term control consisting of 1.0 lb (AI)/acre Furadan 5G in-furrow/planting-time; and long-term control with Furadan IF/PT plus repeated Malathion applications plus another Furadan application. Nesma spring wheat was planted on 25 Nov with a hoe-drill mounted cone seeder. Plots measured 2 m by 11 m, with untreated strips beside each treatment plot. There were 4 replications in a randomized complete block design. Malathion was applied 4 times during warm Dec weather. Hessian fly pressure was intense: on 12 Dec, fly eggs averaged 61 per wheat plant at the 2-leaf stage, and pressure remained high throughout Dec. The malathion formulation caused chlorosis and reduced wheat growth, so Furadan 5G was surface broadcast in late Jan in lieu of malathion. Hessian fly infestations were examined on 10 randomly sampled plants per plot on 2 Jan. On 25 Mar, 6 plants with heads were sampled to evaluate long-term control. Grain and straw yields were determined from a 2-m2 sample cut in late May.

Insecticides for Hessian Fly Control in Morocco, 1985

Abstract The objective of this trial was to identify reliable methods for preventing Hessian fly damage to wheat research plots in Morocco. Wheat was planted, and in-furrow/planting-time (IF/PT) treatments applied, on 6 Nov, to durum spring wheat. Plots measured 2 m by 11 m, arranged in randomized complete blocks with 4 replications. Foliar applications of Malathion, Metasystox, Croneton (ethiofencarbe), and Perfekthion (dimethoate) were begun when wheat was at the 2-leaf stage and repeated at intervals when warm weather favored fly activity (dates shown on table). They were applied with a CO2-powered sprayer with flat-fan (8002) tips calibrated to deliver 24 gpa at 30 psi. One treatment received 2 surface broadcast applications of Furadan 5G. Hessian fly infestation was examined on 10 and 4 plants per plot, sampled on 30 Dec and 27 Mar, respectively. Ten weeks without rain, starting in February, caused severe water stress and early senescence. On 9 May a 2-m2 sample was cut from each plot for straw and grain yield.

Carbofuran, as furadan 5G, tested as an oil palm nursery insecticide

In an experiment to test the efficiency of carbofuran, as furadan 5G, as an oil palm nursery insecticide, its rate of application is recommended at 1.5 g furadan 5G per plant, which had no adverse physiological effects on seedlings. The number of mealybugs/plant was reduced by between 58 and 95% with increasing application of carbofuran, and the percentage of transplantable seedlings increased by about 6%. The percentage of stunted seedlings decreased with decreasing numbers of mealybugs. Major nursery pests identified were Temnoschoita quadrimaculata and mealybugs (Pseudococous sp.). Minor pests identified were Arantia rectifolia, Eulioptera reticulata, Homeogryllus reticulatus and Pyrgomorpha sp.

Control of Pratylenchus vulnus on American Boxwood

Post-plant applications of Nemacur 15G, Vydate 10G, Furadan 10G, and Temik 15G controlled lesion nematode, Pratylenchus vulnus, on roots of Amencan boxwood. Combination of fall and spring nematode applications provided season long nematode control. One year after application, significant increases in shoot numbers and plant growth occurred with treated plants compared to nontreated plants.

Budworm Control on Sweet Corn, Fall, 1981

Abstract Sweet corn was planted 5 Oct in Myakka fine sand on the Univ. of Florida’s Agricultural Research and Education Center in Sanfbrd. Furadan 10G 2 lb (AI)/acre and Lasso 15G 3 lb (AI)/acre were incorporated at planting time in a 15 inch band for nematode and weed control, respectively. A plot consisted of one 50-ft row with 12-inch plant spacing. Plots were separated by 2 untreated rows (row spacing was 30 inches). Treatments were replicated in randomized complete blocks separated by 10 ft weed-free alleys. Sprays were applied with a CO2 pressurized sprayer mounted on an Allis-Chalmers model G tractor. Three nozzles were used per row; 1 overhead (TX 24) and 1 drop (TX 12) on each side. The delivery rate was 50 gap with a boom pressure of about 40 psi and a speed of 3 mph. Sprays were applied 27 Oct, 4, 12, and 15 Nov. Twenty plants per plot were rated for damage on 19 Nov as follows: 0 = no damage; 1 = etching only (evidence of foliar feeding by newly hatched larvae); 2 = light bud damage; 3 = severe bud damage; and 4 = bud completely destroyed. Damage ratings were taken when the plants were 12 to 18 inches tall; the stage considered most susceptahle to bud destruction by fall armyworm. Only the percentage of plants showing ratings of 3 and 4 were included in the table since the lower ratings were not considered a threat to the plant.

Toxicity of anticholinesterase insecticides to birds: Technical grade versus granular formulations

The acute toxicities of 13 granular anticholinesterase insecticides were compared with their technical grade active ingredients by administering single oral doses of chemical to adult Northern bobwhites ( Colinus virginianus) and evaluating resultant LD 50 values and doseresponse curves. Similar tests with ringed turtledoves ( Streptopelia risoria) were conducted with five of the granular formulations to check for interspecific differences. The test chemicals were Amaze 15G (isofenphos), Counter 15G (terbufos), Dasanit 15G (fensulfothion), Diazinon 14G (diazinon), Di-Syston 15G (disulfoton), Dyfonate 20G (fonofos), Furadan 10G (carbofuran), Lorsban 15G (chlorpyrifos), Nemacur 15G (fenamiphos), Parathion 10G (parathion), Tattoo 10G (bendiocarb), Temik 15G (aldicarb), and Thimet 15G (phorate). Information is also presented on dose-response relations and their use in hazard assessment, granule size and hazard, response patterns, and toxic signs. The general conclusions were: (1) The organophosphates (fenamiphos and fensulfothion) and the carbamate (aldicarb) were the most toxic of the insecticides tested. (2) The granular formulation and its technical grade active ingredient were of equivalent toxicity, or the granular was significantly less toxic. (3) The dose-response curve enhances hazard assessment. (4) Ingestion of a single granule of Temik 15G was shown to be life threatening to bobwhite-sized birds, and ingestion of fewer than five granules could be lethal to sparrow-sized birds for Dasanit 15G, Diazinon 14G, Dyfonate 20G, Furadan 15G, and Nemacur 15G. (5) It is therefore suggested that the hazard associated with granular insecticides may be more dependent on which species (cf. size and feeding behavior) inhabit a treated area than on the actual application rate.

Phytotoxicity Evaluations on Container-Grown Azaleas, California, 1983

Abstract Phytotoxicity evaluations were made on plants grown and maintained by a cooperating grower in Montebello, Calif. The test was replicated three times with fifty 1-gal azaleas per replicate. The granular materials, Furadan 10G, Oftanol 5G, Bendiocarb 2G, and Dursban 2G, were broadcast on the soil of each pot and subsequently watered in. Soil drenches were applied to the soil of the containers for the Furadan 4F, Oftanol 2F, and Dycarb 76WP treatments. All materials were evaluated at 10.0 and 20.0 lb (AI)/acre and compared to an untreated check. Phytotoxicity readings were made weekly for 4 weeks after treatment.

Seed Treatments for Rice Water Weevil Control, 1983

Abstract Rice seed was treated with insecticides 25 May. For each treatment 2 lb of seed were combined with the insecticide in a seed treater similar to a concrete mixer. In Test I each insecticide was mixed with water in sufficient quantity to thoroughly coat the seed and 3% Methocel Gel was added to Ectiban and Demon. In Test II insecticides were mixed with water or acetone. A sticker consisting of equal volumes of water, glycerin, and 75% ethanol was added to each seed-treatment in Test II during mixing. The seed was air dried and packaged in paper bags. The 4 by 15 ft plots were planted 26 May and flooded 28 June. Furadan 3G was applied 6 Jul. All plots were sampled for root-feeding larvae 19 and 20 July by taking 5 soil cores (9 cm dia by 7 cm deep) from the drill rows of each plot. Cores were processed by washing through a #40 US Standard testing sieve and floating the larvae out in brine.

Field Corn, Common Stalk Borer and Hop Vine Borer Control, 1981

Abstract Two foliar insecticides, Sevin XLR and Lorsban 4E, were evaluated to control common stalk borers (SB) and hop vine boers (HVB) in fence rows before larvae could move into fields of conventional or reduced till corn. A seed treatment, Orthene 80SP, and a planting time treatment, Furadan 10G, were also evaluated to protect seedlings from damage once larvae had entered the field. Sevin XLR and Lorsban 4E were applied on Jun 2 at both Forreston (Ogle Co) and Mt Morris (Ogle Co) to fence rows when corn seedlings were beginning to sustain damage. Corn was in the 3-leaf (Forreston) and 1 leaf (Mt Morris) stage at this time. Both foliar treatments were applied with a CO2back-pack sprayer equipped with a 4-nozzle boom for broadcast application (Lorsban: 8002 flat fan nozzles, 3.7 ft/sec, 20 psi, 20 gal of water/acre; Sevin XLR: 8001 flat fan nozzles, 5.8 ft/sec, 20 psi, 7.5 gal of water/acre). The foliar application experiments consisted of a strip 5.5 ft wide (from field margin into fence row) x 600 ft long. This strip was divided into four 150 ft-long plots. The 2 foliar insecticides were then randomly assigned to 2 of three 50 ft-long subplots. The remaining subplot was left untreated as a control. Corn seedlings in the 2nd row in from the field margin were assessed for damage 8 days after treatment.

Field Corn (Whorl Stage), European Corn Borer Control, 1980

Abstract Dyfonate 20G, Thimet 20G, Furadan 10G, Pounce 3.2EC, Cymbush 3EC,and Ambush 2EC were tested for the control of European corn borer in Bedford Co, VA, in Jun 1980. Insecticides were applied on Jun 10 to field corn in plots 50 ft x 4 rows (36 in spacing) with 4 replicates in a randomized block design. Granular insecticides were applied over the whorl with a Gandy applicator. Liquids were applied with a Solo backpack sprayer operating at 3 mph, using 30 psi, in 40 gal of water/acre. Chemicals were applied when the corn was 28 in high, with a 61% infestation of ECB in the lst-2nd instar. Five plants showing signs of heavy infestation were chosen from each plot and dissected 14 days after treatment to determine the number of dead and living larvae.

Control of First Brood European Corn Borer in Field Corn, 1982

Abstract Corn was planted on Apr 20 at the University of Delaware’s Substation, Georgetown, DE. Plots of 10 x 17.5 ft were replicated 5 times in a randomized complete block design. Furadan 10G was applied as an at planting and a whorl treatment. Insecticides were applied on Jun 15 when significant whorl infestations (>50%) were observed. Granular insecticides were directed into the whorl of the plant with a hand shaker can. Liquid treatments were applied with a wheelbarrow design, CO pressurized sprayer using 1 cone nozzle per row delivering 30.1 gal/acre at 40 psi. Insecticidal performance was determined by counting the number of whorl infested plants/2 rows on Jun 22 and the number of plants with stalk entrances/2 rows on Jul 12. Corn was harvested from the middle 2 rows of the plots and yield data were obtained on Oct 4.

Early Season Control of the Southern Corn Rootworm in Field Corn with Liquid Soil Insecticides, 1982

Abstract Five liquid insecticides were evaluated for control of larvae of the southern corn rootworm in Louisiana. ‘Pioneer 3369-A’ field corn was planted on May 19 on the LSU St Gabriel Agricultural Experiment Station, Iberville Parish. Insecticides were applied using a CO2pressurized sprayer, mounted on a 2-row John Deere Model 71 Flexi-Planter. Application was at 30 psi using a TeeJet #11004 nozzle. Sprays were delivered as 8-in bands over the open seed furrow and ahead of the press wheel. A drag chain behind the press wheel provided slight additional incorporation after closure of the seed furrow. Corn seeds were planted in the usual manner at the same time as insecticide application. A completely randomized block design was used with 4 replications. Each treatment consisted of two 50-ft rows spaced 36 in apart. Twenty-foot alleys separated each replication. Furadan 10G at 1.0 lb ai/acre and an untreated check were also included among the treatments. The performance of the insecticides was evaluated by counting the dead and dying and undamaged plants in 50 ft of row. Evaluation was conducted on Jun 7, 19 days post planting. The soil type at the test site is a clay-loam, Mississippi River alluvial soil with moderate to poor drainage.

Rapid Dissipation of Carbofuran as a Limiting Factor in Corn Rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Control in Fields with Histories of Continous Carbofuran Use1

The persistence of carbofuran (applied as Furadan 10G) at two rates was studied under field and laboratory conditions in five soils with different insecticide use and control histories of corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera Le Conte and D. longicornis (Say). Higher percentages of rootworm control in the field plots coincided with recoveries of larger amounts of carbofuran ca. 1 month after insecticide application. Carbofuran persistence was shortest during field and laboratory experiments in those soils characterized by both carbofuran use histories and rootworm control problems. Rapid dissipation of carbofuran under field conditions was attributed to inherent soil properties such as adapted microbial populations or differences in rainfall.

Some effects of single and split applications of carbofuran on the incidence of and damage byLocris Maculata, Busseola FuscaandSesamia Calamistison maize

Abstract Studies have been carried out on the efficacy of carbofuran (Furadan 5G) in reducing the incidence of the major insect pests of maize in Nigeria. A single dose of 1.5 kg a.i./ha applied in the planting hole was found to reduce the incidence of spittle bug (Locris Maculata F.) and stem borers (Busseola fusca (Fuller) and Sesamia calamistis (Hmps.)) when compared with split applications of the same dose applied at planting and 40 days after planting. The number of damaged plants was reduced from 40% in the control to 11.7% in the treated plots. Yields of fresh maize cobs were also increased significantly in treated plots. A significant positive correlation was established between the mean number of stem borer larvae and mean percentage damage, and significant negative correlations between the mean yield and mean percentage damage and between the mean yield and mean number of stem borer larvae.

Carbofuran Persistence in Cornfield Soils1

Field and laboratory studies showed that soil moisture is a very important factor in carbofuran persistence when this insecticide is used for control of larva] corn rootworms. Carbofuran rapidly disappeared from the surface soil layer of two cornfields after the first large rainfall; this disappearance occurred within 2 and 10 weeks after application, respectively. No carbofuran was detected below the 7.5-cm soil layer 22 weeks after application. In the laboratory, carbofuran applied as Furadan 10G to high-moisture soils also disappeared rapidly, suggesting degradation rather than leaching to lower soil layers. Carbofuran disappearance was slightly slower in one of four soils tested, and all the soils showed a 5- to 7-day lag time that strongly indicated microbial degradation. The rate of carbofuran (as Furadan 10G) disappearance in laboratory experiments increased with higher soil moisture levels. A laboratory study showed that carbofuran does leach through soil, but carbofuran from the formulated product was less susceptible to leaching than the technical material.