Funds Rate Research Articles

Bibliometric Analysis and Knowledge Mapping of Research Trends in Brugada Syndrome

Background: Brugada Syndrome (BrS) has been extensively studied over the last 30 years, warranting a review of its research landscape, including prevalent themes and potential future directions. Objective: By employing bibliometric analysis, this work seeks to map the current state and trajectory of BrS research, highlighting key contributors and unexplored areas while suggesting avenues for future studies which could propel the field forward. Methods: This paper analyzed BrS-related articles from 1992 to 2023, extracted from the Web of Science core collection, using tools like CiteSpace, VOSviewer, Pajek, and Scimago Graphica to examine research output, geographies, authors, affiliations, keywords, and citation patterns. Results: Out of 3,713 BrS publications, the US has been the most prolific, with the Netherlands producing the highest caliber work, and China ranking fourth in output. The University of Amsterdam emerged as the leading institution. Pedro Brugada topped the author list. The journal Circulation led in citations, with an impact factor of 37.8, indicative of its JCR Q1 status and elite ranking. Keyword analysis revealed ‘Brugada syndrome’ (2756), ‘Sudden death’ (1387), and ‘St-segment elevation’ (1200) as common terms, with ‘Management,’ ‘Guidelines,’ ‘Consensus conference,’ and ‘Genetics’ as up-and-coming topics. Conclusions: Stable research funding and publication rates indicate a mature phase for BrS research, with genomics, proteomics, biomarkers, clinical prediction models, and gene therapy poised as future focal points.

Navigating The Entrepreneurial Landscape: Challenges Faced By Startups In Kerala, India

This research paper investigates the challenges confronting startups within Kerala, India's burgeoning entrepreneurial landscape. Despite a surge in startup initiatives, numerous obstacles impede their growth and sustainability. Through a comprehensive literature review and empirical analysis, this study aims to identify and analyze these challenges, offering insights for entrepreneurs, policymakers, and investors. Key objectives include examining challenges faced by IT startups from inception to scale-up, assessing funding rates in Kerala compared to other states, and proposing solutions to bridge gaps in the startup ecosystem. The study employs descriptive statistics to summarize survey data, highlighting financial, marketing, and product validation challenges. It suggests measures such as establishing effective feedback mechanisms, prioritizing swift product launches, enhancing PR support, and conducting thorough market research. By implementing these recommendations, startups can navigate challenges effectively, fostering a conducive environment for entrepreneurial success in Kerala.

Conventional and unconventional shadow rates and the US state-level stock returns: Evidence from non-stationary heterogeneous panels

This study analyzes how monthly stock returns in the United States react to conventional and unconventional shadow rates from February 1994 to April 2023. The study uses a nonstationary heterogeneous panel data technique appropriate for analyzing large cross-sections and long periods. The analysis is separated into turbulent and tranquil periods. The findings suggest that, although the shadow rate is expected to align with the long-term rate, its ability to boost economic activity in the stock markets is only applicable in the short term. Despite the Federal Funds Rate (FFR) being unable to be lowered below zero bounds, the study shows results that support the effectiveness of the FFR in stimulating stock returns in the long run, particularly during crisis periods. The study also reveals that both conventional and unconventional shadow rates share a common feature, which is that they demonstrate how the stock markets can be downward-sticky in the long run with a rising shadow rate in virtually all 50 states in the U.S. The findings provide sturdy insights into the usefulness of unconventional monetary policy measures for stock market performance during crises and normal periods.

Can higher federal funds rates control mortgage lending during periods of high inflation and high house prices?

The U.S. is facing higher inflation since December 2020 along with higher house prices. After a sharp increase, house prices have started to decline very recently even more drastically – reminding us of the global financial crisis 2007–08. Rather late, from December 2021 onwards, the Fed started to increase the Fed funds rate. However, it is unclear whether the Fed funds rate can control bank lending activities – especially, mortgage lending. Surprisingly, our results suggest that the Fed funds rate fails to control mortgage lending during high inflation and high house prices in the absence of bank reserve requirements.

A Statistical Analysis and Strategic Recommendations on Global Educational Investment and Poverty Reduction

Purpose: This study examines the relationship between educational funding and poverty alleviation worldwide. By analyzing data from 1960 to 2023, encompassing 71 countries, it aims to understand how increasing educational investment impacts poverty rates. Methodology: The analysis utilized data from the World Bank’s World Development Indicators. Data cleaning was performed using Excel, while statistical analyses were conducted using Python’s sci-kit-learn, SciPy, NumPy, Matplotlib, and IBM’s SPSS. The methodologies included a normal model setup, Gaussian Process Regression (GPR), linear regression, hypothesis testing, and confidence interval computation to establish correlations and predict outcomes. Findings: The study discovered a negative correlation between education funding and poverty rates. Specifically, a 1% increase in educational spending as a percentage of GDP correlates with a 3.09% reduction in poverty rates. The 95% confidence interval of [-4.979, -1.201] and the hypothesis test with a p value of 0.002 on the slope of the regression line further reinforce the observed negative trend. GPR predictions indicate that the decrease in poverty rate changes from about 5% to 10% of population as educational funding rises from 0% to 1.5% of GDP. The likelihood of annual poverty rate increase stands at 40.46%, with a potential 0.4052% rise in such cases. Unique contribution to theory, practice, and policy: This study recommends progressive educational funding reforms, targeted tax credits for educational investments, and strategic educational programs aligned with labor market needs. Policy implications suggest a multilateral approach involving governments, corporations, and citizens to foster substantial improvements in education and poverty reduction efforts. These findings advocate for data-driven policy reforms to optimize the socio-economic benefits of educational funding globally.

How to get monetary policy back on track

The presentation is based on research which focusses on the actions of the Federal Reserve and on other central banks around the world. The message of the presentation is that the Federal Reserve had got behind the curve—based on the widely quoted Taylor Rule. Now they have raised the federal funds rate, and they are much less behind the curve. The question now is how they and other central banks—including the European Central Bank and the Bank of Japan—will get back on track. That is the aim of the paper.

“The Career Does Not Love You Back”: Impacts of Contingent Employment on Workers, Cultural Heritage Institutions, and the Archival Profession

ABSTRACT This article reports the findings of the 2021 New England Archivists Contingent Employment Study, which comprised a survey with eighty-three valid responses, fifteen interviews, and analysis of 250 job postings. The study found that although contingent employment often provides useful professional experience and mentorship, it can negatively impact archival workers due to low pay, inadequate benefits, and short term lengths. Additionally, many experience low morale and isolation due to their contingent status, and the inherent instability of contingent employment causes some to feel that they have little control over their careers and personal lives. Cross-tabulation analysis revealed that new professionals have more contingent positions than their mid-career and late-career counterparts, suggesting that contingent jobs and the challenges of protracted contingent employment have become more prominent over time. Participants were concerned that relying on contingent employment negatively affected their employers, particularly in terms of morale, high rates of staff turnover, institutional memory, and unstable funding. The study also documented perceived effects on the broader archival field, including causing burnout and attrition of archival workers; hampering efforts to recruit and retain a diverse profession; devaluing archival education and labor; perpetuating the reliance on unsustainable funding models; and preventing the development of robust, innovative, and inclusive professional communities. Using the study data and other research in the professional literature, the authors argue that there is an urgent need to address the issues raised in the study by improving working conditions for contingent workers and broadly reassessing the profession's relationship with contingent labor.

Anti-Asian biases in federal grant reviews: Commentary on Yip et al. (2021).

Prior to the 2021 American Psychologist special issue "Rendered Invisible: Are Asian Americans a Model or a Marginalized Minority?" (Yip et al., 2021), only seven articles on Asian American, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander (AANHPI) populations were published in the journal in 3 decades. The special issue interrogated sources of invisibility and marginalization of AANHPIs not only in the field of psychology but also in the broader national landscape. The current commentary provides a deeper dive into one of the primary drivers of AANHPI invisibility, anti-Asian biases encountered during the federal grant review process, which contributes to low funding rates and insufficient research on AANHPI communities. Despite comprising over 6% of the U.S. population, less than 1% of the National Institutes of Health's funding portfolio supports science on AANHPI populations. This qualitative study revealed thematic barriers encountered during National Institutes of Health grant reviews. A one-time survey was circulated to professional scientific networks to obtain open-ended responses regarding applicants' and reviewers' experiences proposing research with AANHPI samples, resulting in data from N = 16 respondents. Respondents were asked to indicate their role in the review process (e.g., investigator, applicant, reviewer, other) and to provide open-ended responses detailing experiences of bias. Thematic coding revealed six principal themes: (1) invalidation, (2) limited reviewer knowledge, (3) oppression Olympics, (4) White comparison groups, (5) model minority myth, and (6) homogeneity of AANHPI groups. Building off these themes, this commentary concludes with five actionable policy and institutional recommendations aimed at achieving a more inclusive national research enterprise for AANHPI investigators and communities. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Indonesian Capital Market Response to U.S. Federal Funds Rate Increase Announcements

Indonesian Capital Market Response to U.S. Federal Funds Rate Increase Announcements

Perceptions About Monetary Policy

Abstract We estimate perceptions about the Federal Reserve’s monetary policy rule from panel data on professional forecasts of interest rates and macroeconomic conditions. The perceived dependence of the federal funds rate on economic conditions varies substantially over time, in particular over the monetary policy cycle. Forecasters update their perceptions about the Fed’s policy rule in response to monetary policy actions, measured by high-frequency interest rate surprises, suggesting that they have imperfect information about the rule. Monetary policy perceptions matter for monetary transmission, as they affect the sensitivity of interest rates to macroeconomic news, term premia in long-term bonds, and the response of the stock market to monetary policy surprises. A simple learning model with forecaster heterogeneity and incomplete information about the policy rule motivates and explains our empirical findings.

Risk-aversion versus risk-loving preferences in nonparametric frontier-based fund ratings: A buy-and-hold backtesting strategy

The eventual risk-loving nature of preferences of investors has largely been ignored in the existing frontier-based fund rating literature. This contribution develops a series of nonparametric frontier-based methods to rate mutual funds accounting for both mixed risk-loving and mixed risk-aversion preferences. These new methods are proposed by defining the corresponding shortage functions that can allow for increases in all moments, or increases in odd moments and reductions in even moments. The empirical part designs a buy-and-hold backtesting to test the out-of-sample performance of the proposed rating methods corresponding to different risk preferences on the actual MF selection. The evidence indicates that the backtesting strategies based on the output frontier-based rating models with risk-loving preferences exhibit an overwhelming dominance compared to most existing frontier-based and traditional financial ratings.

Do climate risks affect dirty–clean energy stock price dynamic correlations?

Prior studies have extensively exhibited an interest in exploring the connectedness between dirty and clean energy stock prices alongside the drivers of such price connectedness, shedding light on hedging strategies for finance practitioners. Nevertheless, no empirical research has examined whether climate risks, the emerging indicator for investors to handle the divestment of dirty energy stocks, have affected the time-varying dirty–clean energy equity price nexus. This study fills this gap by innovatively identifying dynamic conditional correlations (DCCs) between dirty and clean energy stock prices. An ARDL/NARDL model is applied to assess whether the climate risks affect such correlations by controlling for business cycles, funding liquidity, USD values, and oil market sentiments. Overall, we detect an undeniable negative impact of climate risks on the positive dirty–clean energy price dynamic correlations. Additionally, the NARDL model results reveal that a rise in federal fund rates exerts higher effects on the dirty–clean energy stock price comovements. Our findings suggest the strengthened potential of hedging clean energy stocks against dirty energy equities in case of escalating climate risks and heightened fossil fuel price volatilities. Furthermore, substantial attention is required to account for monetary policies' asymmetric effects on clean energy investment.

The effect of monetary policies on inflation: A fiscal perspective

We estimate how US monetary policies, namely the current fed funds rate, forward guidance, and large-scale asset purchases, affect inflation. The effect of large-scale asset purchases on inflation is found to be much smaller in the intended direction than the other policies. This difference is accounted for by the responses of fiscal policy. While fiscal policy is eased in response to monetary tightening in the short run, the long-run fiscal consolidation is less intense under unconventional monetary policies.

Utility of the Leadership and Organizational Change for Implementation-Systems Level (LOCI-SL) strategy for a statewide substance use treatment implementation effort

IntroductionMulti-level and cross-context implementation strategies are needed to support health systems, healthcare delivery organizations, and providers to adopt evidence-based practice (EBP) for substance use disorder (SUD) treatment. However, misalignment between state oversight agencies and healthcare organizations about which services to prioritize and which outcomes are reasonable to expect can hinder implementation success and widespread access to high-quality care. This study investigated the utility of the Leadership and Organizational Change for Implementation-System Level (LOCI-SL) strategy for supporting statewide EBP implementation for SUD treatment. MethodsNine community mental health centers (CMHCs) contracted by a state agency participated in a combined motivational-enhancement therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy (MET/CBT) implementation effort. Five of the CMHCs also received the LOCI-SL strategy to obtain ongoing implementation support. We conducted 21 individual interviews and three small group interviews with 30 participants across CMHCs and state health agencies to investigate the utility of LOCI-SL in supporting their EBP implementation efforts. Deductive thematic analysis was guided by the Exploration, Preparation, Implementation, Sustainment Framework. ResultsFive themes described CMHCs' LOCI-SL and broader contextual experiences implementing EBPs: (1) LOCI-SL supported executives in Preparation phase activities that holistically considered organizational needs and capacity to implement and sustain EBPs; (2) LOCI-SL facilitated trust and communication processes across Preparation, Implementation, and Sustainment phases to improve EBP uptake; (3) LOCI-SL increased CMHCs' use of implementation climate strengthening activities throughout the Implementation phase; (4) state contracts did not emphasize quality and thus were not sufficient bridging factors to enforce EBP fidelity during Implementation; and, (5) limited funding and low Medicaid reimbursement rates hindered EBP use throughout the Implementation and Sustainment phases. ConclusionsLOCI-SL was viewed as a favorable and useful implementation strategy for supporting statewide adoption of EBPs. However, outer context barriers, including limited financial investments in the treatment system, impeded implementation and sustainment efforts. While previous research suggests that contracts are viable alignment-promoting bridging factors, this study demonstrates the importance of articulating implementation outcome expectations to aid state-contracted organizations in achieving EBP implementation success. This study also highlights the need for multi-level implementation strategies to effectively align implementation expectations between outer- and inner-context entities.

Monetary policy independence in an era of financial globalization: what theory suggests and the data in Oceania say

ABSTRACT This paper shows that under a floating exchange rate and integrated financial markets an optimizing central bank concerned about price and output stability partly accommodates a change in monetary policy abroad. A positive co-movement between the domestic policy rate and the foreign interest rate does not indicate lack of monetary policy independence but is an outcome of optimal policymaking in an open economy deeply embedded in the global financial architecture. Empirical evidence on overnight interest rate changes in Oceania (New Zealand, Australia) and US federal funds rate changes is consistent with this view.

A Study on the Relationship between Allocation Performance of the Local Extinction Response Fund and Budget Implementation Rate

A Study on the Relationship between Allocation Performance of the Local Extinction Response Fund and Budget Implementation Rate

Risk Assessment of Banks under Fed Rate Hikes

The global economy was hit after the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. Economic stagnation and high volatility in commodity prices also had a negative impact on global supply chains. The Federal Reserve, in an effort to prevent a repeat of the 2008 financial crisis, slow down inflation, increase the liquidity of money, prevent asset value bubbles, and further revive and stabilize the economy, adopted a policy of raising interest rates, gradually increasing the federal funds rate to between 5.25 and 5.5 per cent over a two-year period. This change, however, also led to many changes in the banking sector. Commercial banks are trying to find ways to avoid risks while maintaining their returns in the face of financial market changes. This paper analyzes the systemic risk of commercial banks through liquidity risk, credit risk and market risk with the cases of Silicon Valley Bank, Signature Bank and Credit Suisse Bank. Through the analysis, this paper finds that commercial banks suffer from systemic risk, often reflecting their own operational problems, which ultimately led to bankruptcy or acquisition of the end.

Money Supply, Reaction Functions, Financial Markets and Macroeconomic Conditions

Monetary policy is a key driver of financial markets. The effects on financial markets are evident, not only around changes in monetary policy or Fed’s announcements but also, indirectly, around macroeconomic data releases, political events, international issues, and the “news”. The impact of inflation surprises on financial markets has an enormous effect over the past years, due to the high liquidity, low investment, and weak economic growth of the real sector of the economy. Investors, analysts, forecasters, economists, and policymakers have a keen interest in understanding how monetary policy and conditions in financial markets (Wall Street) affect economic activity (Main Street). To test this issue empirically, we can compare the current level of the central bank’s policy rate (federal funds rate) by using an augmenting reaction function and with a hypothetical neutral or expected or optimal interest rate. If the federal funds rate is excessively below its neutral (optimal) level, this indicates that monetary policy is ineffective, and it is the one that has caused the bubbles in the markets and the inflation. According to many estimates, this is lately, since 2008, the case for the U.S. economy.

The effects of foreign investor composition on Colombia's sovereign debt flows

Assessing the composition of sovereign debt holders is important because investors' behavior varies according to distinctive components, including shareholders' preferences, regulatory constraints, and profitability mandates. To study this issue, we examine the determinants of offshore investments of mutual funds and pension funds, which concentrate Colombia's outstanding sovereign debt. Our results indicate that mutual funds exhibit considerable sensitivity to shocks in global factors, such as the Federal Funds Rate, sovereign risk, and the composition of financial indices. This contrasts with findings among pension funds, for which we detected a lower sensitivity to these factors, underlining the differences in foreign investor behavior that can impact sovereign debt flows within emerging markets.

Spillover effects of multidimensional information in Fed statements on China's bond market

This paper shows significant information spillover effects of Fed statements on China's bond market. Regarding Fed monetary policy statements as external shocks, we extract both monetary policy information and narrative sentiment information from the statements, with the sentiment data measured using the text analysis method. Furthermore, it investigates spillover effects of the multidimensional Fed information on investors' trading behaviors in China's bond market, using the event study method. Our study emphasizes three key findings. First, both monetary policy and textual sentiment within Fed statements influence trading decisions of China's bond investors, generating international spillover effects. Importantly, the role of textual sentiments as an additional spillover channel of Fed statements has been overlooked in existing literature. Second, the US monetary policy information influences investors' expectations of China's short-term interest rates and their perceptions of risks associated with holding China's long-term bonds, while the Fed's negative and uncertain sentiments primarily impact investors' short-term rate expectations. Moreover, the spillover effects of Fed sentiments on China's yield curve cannot be blocked by China's managed floating exchange rate regime. Third, the heterogeneity test reveals that spillover effects of multidimensional information in Fed conventional monetary policy statements on China's bond market are stronger than those of Fed unconventional monetary policy statements. These findings suggest that Fed narrative sentiments should be incorporated into the research framework of international spillover effect of monetary policy, especially amidst the current period characterized by growing anticipation of federal funds rate cuts and enduring monetary policy uncertainty, providing valuable insights for trading decisions of China's bond market investors.