Basic Research Research Articles

Digital technologies for signal radio vision and radio monitoring

Objectives. Radiophysical processes involving the electrodynamic formation of signal radio images diffusely scattered by the signature of small-sized objects or induced by the near field of radio devices are relevant for identifying radiogenomic (cumulant) features of objects in the microwave range in the development of neuroimaging ultra-short pulse (USP) signal radio vision systems, telemonitoring, and near-radio detection. The paper sets out to develop methods and algorithms for vector analysis of radio wave deformation of nonstationary fields forming a signal radio image based on radiophysical and topological characteristics of small-sized objects; to develop software and hardware for registration and neural network recognition of signal radio images, including methods for the synthesis and extraction of signal radiogenomes using digital twins of objects obtained through vector electrodynamic modeling; and to analyze signal radio images induced by elements of printed topology of electronic devices.Methods. The study is based on statistical radiophysics methods, time-frequency approaches for wavelet transformation of USP radio images, numerical electrodynamic methods for creating digital twins of small-sized objects, as well as neural network authentication algorithms based on the cumulant theory of pole-genetic and resonant physically unclonable functions used in identifying signal radio images.Results. The results of fundamental research on electrodynamic effects of vector-wave deformation of nonstationary fields of sub-nanosecond configuration are presented as a means of identifying and authenticating signal radio images. Neural network techniques for cumulant formation of radio genomes of signal radio images are proposed on the basis of pole-genetic and resonant functions.Conclusions. A radiogenome, representing the unique authenticator of a radio image, is shown to be formed on the basis of physically unclonable functions determined by the structure and set of radiophysical parameters of the image. Cumulant features of signal radio images identified on the basis of pole-genetic and physically unclonable resonant functions of small-sized objects are revealed.

The liver organoid's past, present and future: a personalized medicine strategy

Organoids are three-dimensional (3D) cell culture systems derived from human pluripotent stem cells or organotypic differentiation, replicating the complex interactions and functionalities of actual organs. These systems offer significant advantages for studying human tissue and organ biology, addressing limitations of animal models related to sample accessibility and ethical concerns. Liver organoids, in particular, are advanced models developed to study hepatic phenotypes, encompassing various cell types and enabling detailed investigation of cellular, molecular, and genetic aspects of liver diseases, drug metabolism, and protein secretion. They hold promise for fundamental research, drug discovery, and regenerative medicine applications. Despite their potential, organoids face limitations such as simplicity, lack of high-fidelity cell types, flexibility, and atypical physiology. Enhancements in organotypic liver-like surrogates, incorporating in vivo-like cell interactions and architecture, along with advancements in microfluidic chip technology, are expected to improve models for disease, toxicity, and drug discovery, paving the way for new treatments. This review will provide an overview of the history and development of liver organoids, their current progress, challenges, applications, and future prospects in the field of personalized medicine.

Structural Chirality and Electronic Chirality in Quantum Materials

In chemistry and biochemistry, chirality represents the structural asymmetry characterized by nonsuperimposable mirror images for a material such as DNA. In physics, however, chirality commonly refers to the spin–momentum locking of a particle or quasiparticle in the momentum space. While seemingly disconnected, structural chirality in molecules and crystals can drive electronic chirality through orbital–momentum locking; that is, chirality can be transferred from the atomic geometry to electronic orbitals. Electronic chirality provides an insightful understanding of chirality-induced spin selectivity, in which electrons exhibit salient spin polarization after going through a chiral material, and electrical magnetochiral anisotropy, which is characterized by diode-like transport. It further gives rise to new phenomena, such as anomalous circularly polarized light emission, in which the light handedness relies on the emission direction. These chirality-driven effects will generate broad impacts for fundamental science and technology applications in spintronics, optoelectronics, and biochemistry.

The Impact of Foreshore Slope on Cross-Shore Sediment Transport and Sandbar Formation in Beach Berm Nourishment

Foreshore slope is crucial in designing beach berm nourishment schemes and understanding coastal responses to wave forces. Beach berm nourishment often suffers from a high loss rate, necessitating theoretical research and design parameter comparison to mitigate these losses early on. This study uses Bagnold’s energy conservation method and the small-angle approximation method to establish a relationship between cross-shore sediment transport and foreshore slope. The feedback mechanism between these factors shows that when the foreshore slope is fewer than 10 degrees, a smaller initial slope results in a reduced rate of sediment transport. Over time, the foreshore slope decreases and eventually reaches equilibrium, promoting the formation of an offshore sandbar, which helps reduce sediment loss. Using data from Guanhu Beach in Dapeng Bay, this study constructs a realistic numerical beach model to simulate the dynamic behavior of beach profiles with varying foreshore slopes under the influence of monsoon waves and storm surges. The simulation results support the feedback mechanism findings, demonstrating that profiles with minimal foreshore slopes experience the least initial sediment loss, thus facilitating sandbar formation more effectively. These insights can inform beach berm nourishment strategies, emphasizing early-stage efforts to expand beach areas and reduce sediment loss.

Traditional family values as an object of state protection, their significance in shaping the spiritual and moral foundations of russian society

The article deals with modern trends in the development of our state, the need for the formation of its spiritual and moral foundations, taking into account traditional family values. Family, marriage, children are defined as the fundamental family values of every person, the protection of which is of fundamental importance for the preservation of the Russian people. The article presents theoretical research aimed at determining the legal and social essence of traditional values, their system is presented, their system-forming significance for the legislation of the Russian Federation is determined. The author proves that the continuity of family values, their universality and irrefutability, the transfer of their ideological essence from generation to generation, will protect future generations from moral destruction, preserve the historical identity of our people, which will determine the further development and prosperity of our state.

Medical intelligence for anxiety research: Insights from genetics, hormones, implant science, and smart devices with future strategies

AbstractThis comprehensive review article embarks on an extensive exploration of anxiety research, navigating a multifaceted landscape that incorporates various disciplines, such as molecular genetics, hormonal influences, implant science, regenerative engineering, and real‐time cardiac signal analysis, all while harnessing the transformative potential of medical intelligence [medical + artificial intelligence (AI)]. By addressing fundamental research questions, this study investigated the molecular and hormonal foundations underlying anxiety disorders, shedding light on the intricate interplay of genetic and hormonal factors contributing to the etiology and progression of anxiety. Furthermore, this review delves into the emerging implications of biomaterials, defibrillators, and state‐of‐the‐art devices for anxiety research, elucidating their potential roles in diagnosis, treatment, and patient management. A pivotal contribution of this review is the development and exploration of an AI‐driven model for real‐time cardiac signal analysis. This innovative approach offers a promising avenue for enhancing the precision and timeliness of anxiety diagnosis and monitoring. Leveraging machine learning and AI techniques enables the accurate classification of persons with anxiety based on real‐time cardiac data, thereby ushering in a new era of personalized and data‐driven mental health care. Identifying emerging themes and knowledge gaps lays the foundation for future research directions and offers a roadmap for scholars and practitioners to navigate this intricate field. In conclusion, this comprehensive review serves as a vital resource, consolidating diverse perspectives and fostering a deeper understanding of anxiety disorders from biological, engineering, and technological standpoints, ultimately contributing to advancing mental health research and clinical practice.This article is categorized under: Application Areas > Health Care Application Areas > Science and Technology Technologies > Classification

A 14-Bit Digital to Analog Converter for a Topmetal-CEE Pixel Readout Chip

The Lanzhou Heavy Ion Research Facility (LIRF) is the largest heavy ion research facility in China, providing a substantial volume of experimental data for fundamental research in nuclear physics. The Topmetal-CEE is a pixel readout chip specifically designed for tracking detectors. Within the Topmetal-CEE framework, the front-end amplifier and comparator necessitate precisely adjustable bias voltages. Hence, in this paper, a 14-bit resolution DAC with an R-2R resistor network structure is designed, along with an amplifier featuring high driving capabilities as the DAC driver, thus preventing potential impedance issues when driving large pixel arrays. Test results demonstrate that the DAC module, operating under a 3.3 V supply voltage, can consistently output voltages ranging from 0 to 1.8 V. Furthermore, the differential non-linearity error is less than 1.07 LSB, and the integral non-linearity error is less than 1.57 LSB.

Isomeric Effects of Au28(S-c-C6H11)20 Nanoclusters on Photoluminescence: Roles of Electron-Vibration Coupling and Higher Triplet State.

The exploration of near-infrared photoluminescence (PL) from atomically precise nanoclusters is currently a prominent area of interest owing to its importance in both fundamental research and diverse applications. In this work, we investigate the near-infrared (NIR) photoluminescence mechanisms of two structural isomers of atomically precise gold nanoclusters of 28 atoms protected by cyclohexanethiolate (CHT) ligands, i.e., Au28i(CHT)20 and Au28ii(CHT)20. Based on their structures, analysis of 3O2 (triplet oxygen) quenching of the nanocluster triplet states, temperature-dependent photophysical studies, and theoretical calculations, we have elucidated the intricate processes governing the photoluminescence of these isomeric nanoclusters. For Au28i(CHT)20, its emission characteristics are identified as phosphorescence plus thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) with a PL quantum yield (PLQY) of 0.3% in dichloromethane under ambient conditions. In contrast, the Au28ii(CHT)20 isomer exhibits exclusive phosphorescence with a PLQY of 3.7% in dichloromethane under ambient conditions. Theoretical simulations reveal a larger singlet (S1)-triplet (T1) gap in Au28ii than that in Au28i, and the higher T2 state plays a critical role in both isomers' photophysical processes. The insights derived from this investigation not only contribute to a more profound comprehension of the fundamental principles underlying the photoluminescence of atomically precise gold nanoclusters but also provide avenues for tailoring their optical properties for diverse applications.

Synthesis, spectroscopic characterization of a new schiff base molecule, investigation as an efficient corrosion inhibitor for copper in sulfuric acid medium: combination of experimental and theoretical researches

A new Schiff base inhibitor known as “N, N’ carbonyl- Bis (para-hydroxy benzaldehyde imine)” has been synthesized and characterized by FTIR, NMR, and UV-Visible spectroscopy, the molecule was then assessed for its ability to prevent copper from corroding in a solution of 0.5 M H2SO4 using potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy SEM combined with energy dispersion spectroscopy EDX, and atomic force microscopy AFM. The tested inhibitor exhibits good copper corrosion inhibition performance in a 0.5 M H2SO4 solution. As inhibitor concentration rises, inhibition performance also rises, reaching a maximum inhibitory efficacy of around 84.76 ± 0.69% at 5.10−4 M. The inhibitor was adsorbable to the metal surface and followed the Langmuir isotherm. It has been done such that the addition of KI increased the inhibitory effectiveness, the mixed additives worked together. There is good agreement between the conclusions drawn from theoretical calculations using DFT and MD simulation and actual observations.

Numerical solution of fuzzy stochastic Volterra integral equations with constant delay

This paper considers the nonlinear fuzzy stochastic Volterra integral equations with constant delay, which are general and include many fuzzy stochastic integral and differential equations discussed in literature. Since Doob's martingale inequality is no longer applicable to such equations, a new maximum inequality is obtained. Combining with the Picard approximation method, the existence and uniqueness of solutions to nonlinear fuzzy stochastic Volterra integral equations with constant delay are given. Moreover we prove that the solution behaves stably in the case of small changes of initial values, kernels and nonlinearities. We further develop a Euler-Maruyama (EM) scheme and prove the strong convergence of the scheme. It is shown that the strong convergence order of the EM method is 0.5 under Lipschitz condition. Moreover, the strong superconvergence order is 1 if further, the kernel h(t,s) of the stochastic term satisfies h(t,t)=0. Numerical examples demonstrated that the numerical results are consistent with the theoretical research conclusions. Furthermore, the application model of the fuzzy stochastic Volterra integral equation with constant delay in population dynamics is considered, and the exact solution of the numerical example is given in explicit form.

Protein degradation in the stratum corneum.

The stratum corneum (SC), the outermost epidermal layer, plays a pivotal role in skin barrier function. This review delves into the intricate process of protein degradation within the stratum corneum, elucidating the roles of specific enzymes, regulatory mechanisms and the consequent impact on various skin conditions. Protein degradation is a finely tuned process, orchestrated by a suite of proteolytic enzymes like kallikreins. These enzymes are responsible for the breakdown of corneodesmosomes and the orderly desquamation of corneocytes, a process essential for skin homeostasis. Another critical enzymatic process is the breakdown of proteins like filaggrin and the generation of amino acids and their derivatives, required in the physiological water-handling properties of the SC. Regulation of these proteolytic activities is complex, involving a balance between endogenous inhibitors and other factors like pH, hydration and environmental stressors. Dysregulation of protease activity is linked to a spectrum of skin conditions, ranging from xerosis to inflammatory diseases like atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. Aberrant protein degradation can lead to compromised skin barrier function, increased tissue water loss and heightened susceptibility to infections and allergens. Understanding the factors affecting protein degradation can inform the development of targeted skincare products. Advances in biochemistry and dermatology have paved the way for the search for active ingredients designed to modulate protease activity. Such innovations may offer promising therapeutic avenues for enhancing skin barrier function and treating skin disorders. This review underscores the significance of enzymatic protein degradation in the SC and its regulatory mechanisms. It provides insights into the pathophysiology of skin diseases and outlines the potential for novel skincare interventions. By bridging the gap between fundamental research and practical applications, this article aims to inspire further investigation for better understanding of skin physiology and innovation in the realm of skincare product development.

The journey from bench to bedside-it takes a science village.

I was fortunate enough to start my career at what was the dawn of modern-day molecular biology and to apply it to an important health problem. While my early work focused on fundamental science, the desire to understand human disease better and to find practical applications for research discoveries resulted, over the following decades, in creating a stream of translational research directed specifically toward epithelial cancers. This could only have been possible through multiple collaborations. This type of team science would eventually become a hallmark of my career. With the development of higher throughput molecular techniques, the pace of research and discovery has quickened, and the concept of personalized medicine based on genomics is now coming to fruition. I hope my legacy will not just reflect my published works, but will also include the impact I have had on the development of the next generation of scientists and clinician scientists who inspired me with their dedication, knowledge, and enthusiasm.

Efficient generation of octave-separating orbital angular momentum beams via forked grating array in lithium niobite crystal

Abstract The concept of orbital angular momentum (OAM) of light has not only advanced fundamental physics research but also yielded a plethora of practical applications, benefitting from the abundant methods for OAM generation based on linear, nonlinear and combined schemes. The combined scheme could generate octave-separating OAM beams, potentially increasing the channels for optical communication and data storage. However, this scheme faces a challenge in achieving high conversion efficiency. In this work, we have demonstrated the generation of multiple OAM beams at both fundamental frequency and second harmonic (SH) wavelengths using a three-dimensional forked grating array with both spatial χ (1) and χ (2) distributions in a lithium niobate nonlinear photonic crystal platform. The enhancements of the fundamental and SH OAM beams have been achieved by employing linear Bragg diffraction and nonlinear Bragg diffraction, respectively, i.e., quasi-phase matching. The experimental results show that OAM beams with variable topological charges can be enhanced at different diffraction orders via wavelength or angle tuning, achieving conversion efficiencies of 60.45 % for the linear OAM beams and 1.08 × 10−4 W −1 for the nonlinear ones. This work provides a promising approach for parallel detection of OAM states in optical communications, and extends beyond OAM towards the control of structured light via cascaded linear and nonlinear processes.

Research status and prospects of biodegradable magnesium-based metal guided bone regeneration membranes.

Biodegradable magnesium-based metal guided bone regeneration (GBR) membranes possess excellent mechanical properties, biodegradability, and osteopromotive capabilities, making them ideal implants for the treatment of maxillofacial bone defects. This review summarizes the current status and future research trends related to magnesium-based GBR membranes. First, the research history and application fields of magnesium-based metals are introduced, and the advantages of the use of magnesium-based materials for GBR membranes, including their mechanical properties, biocompatibility, osteopromotive performance, and underlying mechanisms are discussed. Finally, this review addresses the current limitations of magnesium-based GBR membranes and their applications and prospects in the field of dentistry. In conclusion, considerable advancements have been in fundamental and translational research on magnesium-based GBR membranes, which lays a crucial foundation for the treatment of maxillofacial bone defects.

Fundamental and Application Researches of Several Kinds of Clay Minerals

Fundamental and Application Researches of Several Kinds of Clay Minerals

Why do populists scorn compromises (and how do they live with them)?

ABSTRACT Both political theorists and scholars working on populism with an ideational approach have frequently noted that populists are averse to compromise. However, the negative relationship between populism and compromise has not been analyzed in detail. In this paper, we offer a comprehensive account of the reasons behind this oft-repeated conflict between populist narratives and the practice of compromise, disentangling the various dimensions of such incompatibility and exploring their connections. We rely on theoretical and empirical research on populism, supplemented by illustrative examples and references to political theory with an anti-pluralist coloration and the opponents thereof. We compare populist objections with Baume and Papadopoulos’s typology of objections to political compromises. We demonstrate that populist objections only partly overlap with those inventoried in the typology, notably along the moral and antagonistic dimensions, while the populist claim that compromises denature the unmediated expression of the popular will has not been considered before. Through an exploratory case study, we further reflect on how populists justify compromises when they are in power, notwithstanding their ideological reluctances. Our paper enriches the study of the ideational elements of populism while advancing research on the perception of compromises in democratic politics.

Beyond the Pale Blue Dot: Theoretical and Empirical Research Opportunity in the Space Economy

Beyond the Pale Blue Dot: Theoretical and Empirical Research Opportunity in the Space Economy

Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects on skin based on supramolecular hyaluronic acid-ectoin.

We addressed the damage caused by internal and external factors on the skin, as well as the aging phenomenon caused by delayed repair after damage. We prepared supramolecular hyaluronic acid-ectoin (HA-ECT) by combining theoretical calculations and experimental research, using intermolecular forces between hyaluronic acid and ectoin. This supramolecule has good stability, safety, and skin permeability and can penetrate the stratum corneum of the skin, reaching the epidermis and dermis of the skin. Compared with ectoin, the permeability of the supramolecule HA-ECT was 3.39-fold higher. Supramolecular HA-ECT can promote the proliferation of keratinocytes and fibroblasts, significantly increase the content of type collagen-I, reduce the expression of inflammatory factors in keratinocytes, and enhance skin hydration and repair effects. HA-ECT can reduce intracellular reactive oxygen species and inhibit the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (reduced by 1.27-fold) to improve skin photoaging. Therefore, supramolecular HA-ECT has potential application in the field of cosmetics for skin antioxidants, anti-aging, and repair.

‘What you do matters’: How Engagement in Meaningful Activities Contributes to the Quality of Life of Dwelling Older Adults in a Time of Crisis

Abstract Date Presented 03/22/24 This study provides insight into potential protective factors of older adults QoL and supports theoretical occupational science that highlights the importance of engagement in meaningful activities in improving QoL in general and in adversity. Primary Author and Speaker: Haya Fogel-Grinvald Contributing Authors: Anat Golos, Adina Maeir

Coherent polarization control of terahertz emission from graphene under excitation of two-color co-circularly polarized laser fields.

Coherent polarization control of terahertz (THz) emission is crucial for applications in the THz field. Here, we demonstrate that the polarization of THz waves emitted from graphene through quantum interference can be coherently controlled by varying the relative phase between the co-circularly polarized laser fields. The polarization state of the THz wave emitted from graphene remains linearly polarized, while its direction can be arbitrarily changed by varying the relative phase. This work not only achieves the coherent polarization control of the THz waves emitted from graphene but also promotes the fundamental research of THz photonics in graphene.