Fundamental Procedures Research Articles

Diagnosis and treatment of benign eyelid tumors

Benign tumors of the eyelids are frequent entities. They are often cause for cosmetic concern or can lead to irritation of the ocular surface. The differentiation from premalignant or malignant eyelid tumors is particularly important. In most cases this can be done clinically; however, in some cases histological evaluation is warranted. The aim of this article is to characterize the most important benign tumors of the eyelid and to ascertain when a histological examination is necessary. Furthermore, fundamental treatment procedures are discussed. This narrative review was prepared based on aselective literature search. The characteristics of some eyelid tumors are underlined with illustrations from clinical cases. Most benign eyelid tumors are treated because of cosmetic or functional concerns. Some of them, including actinic keratosis, keratoacanthoma, cutaneous horn, trichofolliculoma, resemble malignant lid tumors or precancerous lesions and are thus excised in oder to obtain a diagnosis. Dermoid cysts can cause complications and congenital melanocytic naevi can exhibit malignant transformation and may need treatment. Inflammatory tumors can be treated conservatively in most cases but might require surgery in certain cases. Systemic associations exist with some of the benign lid tumors and should not be overlooked as they can be crucial for overall patient morbidity. Benign tumors of the eyelids are frequent and can be found at any age depending on the diagnosis. This article describes the lesions most commonly encountered in the clinical routine and helps at making a plan for further management.

Crime Prediction Methods Based on Machine Learning: A Survey

The objective of crime prediction, one of the most important technologies in social computing, is to extract useful information from many existing criminal records to predict the next process-related crime. It can aid the police in obtaining criminal information and warn the public to be vigilant in certain areas. With the rapid growth of big data, the Internet of Things, and other technologies, as well as the increasing use of artificial intelligence in forecasting models, crime prediction models based on deep learning techniques are accelerating. Therefore, it is necessary to classify the existing crime prediction algorithms and compare in depth the attributes and conditions that play an essential role in the analysis of crime prediction algorithms. Existing crime prediction methods can be roughly divided into two categories: those based on conventional machine learning and those based on contemporary deep learning. This survey analyses the fundamental theories and procedures. The most frequently used data sets are then enumerated, and the fundamental procedures of various algorithms are also analyzed in this paper. In light of the insufficient scale of existing data in this field, the ambiguity of data types used to predict crimes, and the absence of public data sets that have a significant impact on the research of algorithm models, this survey proposes the construction of a machine learning-based big data research model to address these issues. Future researchers who will enter this field are provided with a guide to the direction of future research development.

IoT-Based System for Automated Accident Detection and Rescue

One of the most common causes of death is auto accidents. The worst thing that may happen to a road user is a traffic accident, despite the fact that they happen regularly. The worst part is that we fail to learn from our on-the-road errors. Most people who use roads regularly are extremely familiar with the fundamental guidelines and safety procedures that should be followed, but it is only their own negligence that results in accidents and wrecks. Accidents and crashes are primarily caused by human error. Here are some examples of normal human actions that result in accidents. 1. Driving too fast; 2. Driving while intoxicated; 3. Distracting the driver; 4. Running red lights; 5. Avoid utilizing safety equipment, such as seatbelts and helmets; 6. Driving erratically and overtaking improperly in order to save lives in a traffic collision, we’re going to construct an Arduino-based car accident alert system that combines GPS, GSM, and an accelerometer. If the accelerometer detects an abrupt shift in the vehicle’s axis, the GSM module alerts you and communicates the location of the accident to your cell phone. The GPS module’s latitude and longitude are utilized to pinpoint the accident’s location, which is provided as a Google Map link. The message also contains the vehicle’s speed in knots.

Infrastructure From Code: The Next Generation of Cloud Lifecycle Automation

We identify 14 fundamental cloud infrastructure procedures (CIPs) applicable to software development processes on the public cloud and their associated challenges. We then evaluate the capabilities of leading cloud automation technologies, such as infrastructure as code, and pinpoint their gaps in enabling the CIPs.

Fully Automatic Left Ventricle Segmentation Using Bilateral Lightweight Deep Neural Network.

The segmentation of the left ventricle (LV) is one of the fundamental procedures that must be performed to obtain quantitative measures of the heart, such as its volume, area, and ejection fraction. In clinical practice, the delineation of LV is still often conducted semi-automatically, leaving it open to operator subjectivity. The automatic LV segmentation from echocardiography images is a challenging task due to poorly defined boundaries and operator dependency. Recent research has demonstrated that deep learning has the capability to employ the segmentation process automatically. However, the well-known state-of-the-art segmentation models still lack in terms of accuracy and speed. This study aims to develop a single-stage lightweight segmentation model that precisely and rapidly segments the LV from 2D echocardiography images. In this research, a backbone network is used to acquire both low-level and high-level features. Two parallel blocks, known as the spatial feature unit and the channel feature unit, are employed for the enhancement and improvement of these features. The refined features are merged by an integrated unit to segment the LV. The performance of the model and the time taken to segment the LV are compared to other established segmentation models, DeepLab, FCN, and Mask RCNN. The model achieved the highest values of the dice similarity index (0.9446), intersection over union (0.8445), and accuracy (0.9742). The evaluation metrics and processing time demonstrate that the proposed model not only provides superior quantitative results but also trains and segments the LV in less time, indicating its improved performance over competing segmentation models.

Updated Methods of Extracellular Vesicles Isolation.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are considered as cargo and mediate intercellular communication. As natural biological nanoparticles, EVs can be secreted by almost all kinds of cells and exist in biofluids such as milk, urine, blood, etc. In the past decades, several methods have been utilized to isolate EVs from cell culture medium, biofluids, and tissues. Here in this chapter, we summarized conventional and novel methods and fundamental procedures of EVs extraction and purification from different biofluids (plasma, urine, milk, and saliva) and tissues (brain, intestinal tissue, muscles, and heart). The present section also discusses how to choose appropriate methods to extract EVs from tissues based on downstream analysis. This chapter will expand the horizons of EVs isolation and purification from different mediums.

An overview on material parameter inverse and its application to miniaturized testing at elevated temperature

This paper aims to provide a comprehensive guide to the application of the inverse technique to the miniaturized tests, on material parameter identification, without investigating the aspects related to the correct choice of a specific material model. Firstly, a brief introduction to the fundamental principles and procedures associated with the inverse method is given. In general, the strategy described relies on the coupling of the finite element (FE) modelling with an optimization scheme. The FE method allows for the evaluation of the response of the material under various types of tests, test conditions, and complex constitutive equations, and avoids the use of approximation techniques for the interpretation of the experimental results. Then, on this based, an example of FE-based inverse processes using small punch creep tests is given to illustrate the process and capability of identifying the creep damage properties. Finally, several sensitive issues, related to the application of the inverse approach, are addressed.

Radioactive Waste Management in a Medical Cyclotron Facility - A Review

The cyclotron is a device used to create radioactive atoms with a short half-life (radioactive isotopes) that can be utilised for research and medical imaging. When nuclear and radiation facilities are utilized, serviced, or decommissioned, radioactive waste is produced. The amount of radioactive waste produced is greatly decreased by good operating procedures. Iodine-123, Technetium-99m, Iodine-131, Gallium-67 Thallium-201 and fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose are among the radionuclides utilised in medicine. The most widely used gaseous/aerosol radionuclides are (aerosolized) technetium-99m, xenon-133, and krypton-81m. The use of radionuclides (radioactive element) for industrial process control and instrumentation, medical diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, as well as numerous uses in research, education, agriculture, geological exploration, construction, and other human endeavors, results in radioactive waste. These applications generate a variety of radioactive waste, which can come from sealed sources and be in solid, liquid, or gaseous form. If the trash containing considerable amounts of radionuclides is not handled properly, there may be serious concerns to both the environment and human health. Due to the wide variety of waste kinds addressed, special consideration must be paid to safety concerns and regulatory management. This article will examine the fundamental procedures for managing radioactive waste in compliance with the regulatory agencies like AERB (Atomic Energy Regulatory Board) and IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency).

The effect of the error in the fundamental procedures issued by the judicial officers

إنّ الشـــــــخص وحده لا يستطيع أن يفعل كل شيء، والقاضي لابد أن يستعين بأشخاص آخرين يكونوا معاونين له في اتمام عمله على أكمل وجه، وبدون أخطاء وضياع حقوق الناس، وهؤلاء الاشخاص الذين يستعين بهم القاضي هم أعوان القضاة، فالقاضي لا يقوم بمفرده بإدارة منظومة العدالة، وإنما يعاونه في ذلك اعوان القضاة، ويرتبط هؤلاء بالدعوى المدنية بمجموعــة مـن الحقــــوق والواجبـــــات، سواء اكان ذلــــك بصورة بحسب دور كل منهم، على أنّ اجادة هؤلاء لمهامهم بحيادية وإتقان تعد ضمانة حقيقة؛ لتحقيق حسن سير العدالة القضائية وانجازها بطريقة ميسرة، وأنّ من أهم ما يقوم به أعوان القضاة هو الأعمال الاجرائية التي تتعلق بالدعوى وما لها من دور كبير في انتظام اجراءات التقاضي و سير الدعوى في مسارها السليم، إلا أنّه لابد من صدور أخطاء من هؤلاء على مستوى عملهم، وبالتالي فأنّ عدم اتسام تلك الاجراءات بالصحة قد يؤدي إلى انحراف القضية عن مسارها الصحيح مما يترتب عليه سقوط حق أو بطلان الإجراءات، وذلك أنّ القاعدة القانونية الاجرائية قاعدة ملزمة فـأنّها تحتوي على جـزاءات اجرائية، وأنّ الخطأ الذي يؤدي إلى تعيب الاجراء القضائي يكون جزاءه البطلان

Ultrasound guidance versus landmark method for peripheral venous cannulation in adults.

Ultrasound guidance versus landmark method for peripheral venous cannulation in adults.

Current Practices and Concepts in Marine Occupational Health and Heavy Engineering Industry in China - A Review

China is a fast-expanding nation, and the last 30 years have seen enormous social and economic transformations. The effect of these changes was severe, which has been reviewed in this article. The article explains that these changes have led to a meteoric increase in occupational disease cases. For example, the health of those who work on ships is vulnerable to various risks. Security in the workplace should be provided to all workers as a fundamental decency. Poor working conditions, particularly in developing countries, remain, notwithstanding the widespread adoption of fundamental safety procedures. The quality of occupational hygiene and safety at a given workplace significantly affects the health of its employees. Many employees now face traditional and emerging dangers on the job due to recent developments in industrialisation, technology and globalisation. For instance, the manufacturing industry exposes workers to various health hazards. This article also explains that people from many walks of life are affected by issues related to occupational health. Safety on the job is still in a very precarious position in China. The writer has further explained China’s maritime and heavy engineering industries in this article, examining their function, current trends and potential future obstacles. Occupational safety plans in China, which now rely heavily on technological solutions, must expand to include business and government-level stakeholders in preparing for and raising awareness of issues related to workers' health on the job in the future. Keywords: Heavy engineering industry; occupational health challenges; marine; China

Book Review: Language Curriculum Design

Book reviews are designed to enlighten readers about the content and quality of the book being reviewed. The goal of this paper is to study and critically analyze I.S.P. Nation and John Macalister's Language Curriculum Design book, which is the most widely mentioned and used work in the area. This book was broken into fourteen chapters by the reviewer. The first chapter serves as an introduction to future chapters. The fundamental procedures in the language curriculum design process are explained in chapters two through eight. Chapter nine discusses various approaches to covering these steps. Chapters ten through fourteen cover various aspects of language curriculum design. The review will include an assessment of the author's visual approach as well as the substance.

EDITORIAL COMMENT

In this article, “Urology Boot Camp: A Pilot Medical Student Curriculum For Common Bedside Urologic Procedures,” the authors developed a novel, urology-specific (catheter placement and irrigation) "boot camp" for third year medical students. The boot camp was very thoughtfully designed to minimize in-person instruction time, and included an online module that students needed to view ahead of time, followed by a single hands-on session. The intervention was incredibly well-received by students, who said they would recommend repeating it for others and reported increased comfort with Foley catheter placement and irrigation. As urologists we have a vested interest in exposing medical students to the most basic and fundamental urologic procedures for multiple reasons; not only can this early exposure pique interest in our fantastic field, but knowledge of basic bladder management can be utilized in every field of medicine. The intervention reported on in this article is simple and reproducible. The logical next step is how it can be scaled to reach more students. There are 192 medical schools in the US (MD and DO), and rather than every institution re-inventing the wheel to develop their own curriculum, this is an opportunity ripe for standardization and facilitation of such skill and educational sessions. The American Urological Association has been, and should continue to be, a driver in these efforts to standardize educational sessions and afford their broad availability. Simulation allows for exposure and repetition of skills in a low-stress and low-risk environment. If cost prohibits model-based simulation of the skills discussed in this article, consideration can be given to low-fidelity simulation of the same skills, as a rudimentary lower urinary tract can certainly be simulated without a costly human model. We applaud the authors for addressing an unmet need in medical education and are encouraged by the interest in empowering the next generation of physicians to gain confidence and competence in basic urologic skills.

Adjunctive techniques for percutaneous enteral access in children: a pictorial review.

Primary percutaneous gastrostomy and gastrojejunostomy tube placements are fundamental procedures performed in pediatric interventional radiology, with both antegrade and retrograde techniques described. In pediatric patients, however, challenges may arise due to smaller patient size and anatomical variations. Several adjunctive techniques may facilitate safe percutaneous access in the setting of a limited percutaneous gastric access window. These include the intra-procedural use of cone beam computed tomography (CT), percutaneous needle decompression in the setting of distended air-filled bowel interposed between the stomach and abdominal wall, post-pyloric balloon occlusion to facilitate gastric distension, ultrasound-guided gastric puncture, and intra-gastric contrast-enhanced ultrasound (ceUS) to define the relationship of the gastric wall and the anterior abdominal wall. Adjunctive techniques may increase successful primary percutaneous gastroenteric tube placement and may improve operator confidence in safe placement.

Human Resource Management System

The main focus of the essay, "Human Resources Management System," is on controlling the administrator of a company's human resources department. The systems and procedures at the intersection of human resources and management are referred to as a human resource management system (HRMS).technology (IT) with human resources management (HRM). It combines HRM as a discipline, especially its fundamental HR actions and procedures related to information technology, as opposed to data processing programming. Systems developed into enterprise resource planning (ERP) software packages and established procedures. This paper's major goal is to make it easier for the administrator to keep track of everyday activities including attendance, projects, work, appointments, etc. This essay discusses the steps involved in identifying the personnel, tracking their hourly attendance, and figuring out their actual payable hours or days. This document should keep track of every employee's time spent working for the firm so that it may be used to evaluate performance. Based on that, transfers, dismissals, and promotions are possible.

Creating New “Enclosures”: Violently Mimicking the Primitive Accumulation through Degradation of Women, Lockdowns, Looting Finance, War, Plunder

Starting from the analysis of Marx’s Chapter 26 of the first volume of Capital, this article describes Marxian emphasis on the extremely violent aspects—a list of the main cases is also provided—of the so-called “enclosures” as fundamental procedures that favored the “primitive accumulation”, that is, the first social and economic step that led to capitalism. The “enclosures” that characterized the primitive accumulation process, violently expropriating peasants, razing their cottages and dwellings, are illustrated in detail. At the same time, we will describe what we call the “moral bubble”, created by the narratives—morally edifying—about enclosures, only devoted to the emphasis on the positive economic and social outcomes: the moral bubble acts as a powerful conceptual device capable of concealing the violence that accompanies enclosures. The second part of the article stresses the fact that the mechanism of enclosures can be traced back not only to violently expropriating common lands in which the peasants flourished but also to the violent processes against women to have them basically reduced to machines for the production of new workers, in the framework of the new “patriarchy of the wage”. The importance of the so-called “new enclosures” is further delineated after having shown how enclosures express the historical and general tendency of capitalistic accumulation and not only of the primitive one. The violent aspects of primitive accumulation, and so of primitive enclosures, are described as the main characters of every phase of the recent capitalist globalization, marked by continuous and unprecedented assault (as smart social, political, and economic mechanisms for producing enclosures) on the commons, perpetrated by the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, coronavirus lockdown and, currently, also by the paradoxical economic effects of the interplay between the green era and Ukraine war–global food and energy crisis. Finally, the last section provides insight on what we called the “terminal enclosure” related to the aggression of the ultimate common good: water.

African Pianism: An Educator View

The quest for solving the impending challenge that hampers the performance of music students in playing pieces composed by African scholar in the African pianism style is one of the major concerns of most piano instructors that embraced the concept of African pianism. The identified difficulty stands as contributing factor downplaying the promotion of African identity via the use of the piano. Generally, this has stimulated lots of debates at different levels, which calls for urgent attention to reposition and promote African pianism. The thrust of this paper is not to re-sound the identified difficulty, but to investigate and propound applicable approaches that could be used as fundamental procedures for correcting the intricacy of this challenge. The Taro Yamane sample size theory was adopted. Questionnaire were administered to music students from two Universities in Nigeria used as case study, interviewing piano instructors from these institutions, interviewing Christian Onyeji, a prominent African pianism composer in Nigeria and Meki Nzewi, a renowned, personate and promoter of African music. The findings reveal that there is a big gap between the music students and their knowledge of their indigenous music and culture. Also, most music students do not have any prior theoretical nor practical knowledge of piano playing before coming to study music, and the ratio balancing of the choice of selected piano pieces given to the students is more of Western oriental pieces than African oriental pieces. However, the suggestive approachable measures to tackle the said problem include, route learning method which, should dominant the teaching method for pieces in African pianism style, African pianism pieces should be the dominant pieces to be given to students learning to play the piano in the departments of music in Nigeria. Composers should compose short pieces in the African pianism style/techniques and make them available for instructional materials. Nevertheless, the proposed suggestions in this study will serve as an eye opener to the need for redirecting and promoting the teaching and playing of African Pianism in the department of music in Nigeria.

Tutorial on metalenses for advanced flat optics: Design, fabrication, and critical considerations

Metalenses comprised of artificial subwavelength structures known as meta-atoms have demonstrated abilities beyond conventional bulky optical components by modulating the phase, amplitude, and polarization of light in an ultrathin planar form factor. In this Tutorial, we present the fundamental principles and practical design procedures to exploit the abilities of metalenses, including achromaticity, high numerical aperture, and tunability. The fundamental principles include both plasmonic and dielectric meta-atoms, which require different physics to describe their light–matter interactions. In the phase modulation section, we compare the methods of physically implementing phase via meta-atoms including both the propagation and geometric phase methods. Next, we cover the recent progress of nanofabrication procedures from the perspective of the metalenses using materials such as titanium dioxide, gallium nitride, and hydrogenated amorphous silicon. We further compare the various fabrication methods with regard to the resolution, size, cost, and optical properties of fabricated metalenses. Then, we describe the critical considerations of metalenses including aberration-correction, numerical aperture, and tunability for advanced flat optics. Herein, we provide a practical guide for the design, fabrication, and critical considerations of metalenses with examples of research from early works to more recent developments.

Aquatic Therapy for Persons with Neuromuscular Diseases - A Scoping Review.

Background:Aquatic exercise is among the most common physical activity modalities performed by people with disabilities.Objective:The present paper reviews currently-available research on aquatic therapy (AT) for persons with neuromuscular diseases (NMD).Methods:A scoping review of the existing literature was conducted on PubMed, Embase, Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, SPORTdiscus, CINAHL and Lilacs from the earliest date available until October 2020. It follows the methodological framework for conducting a scoping review proposed by the Joanna Briggs Institute.Results:A total of 28 articles were analyzed and the study parameters grouped by the topography of NMD; most of the studies (n = 16) addressed myopathies. A considerable increase in the number of studies was found over time, and heterogeneity was identified across and within AT interventions for persons with NMD; hence, to allow more effective interpretation of study results, there is a need to standardize the fundamental parameters and procedures for AT.Conclusions:This scoping review provides a comprehensive outline of available literature; the findings could serve as a starting point for clinical studies on the effects of AT on persons with NMD, and encourage a more coherent approach to their design.

Additive manufacturing of metals: Microstructure evolution and multistage control

• A comprehensive processing map is proposed for additive manufacturing of metals. • Additively manufactured microstructures are developed during and after solidification of melt pool. • Formation mechanisms of multistage microstructures are analyzed, accordingly the microstructure control methods are proposed. As a revolutionary industrial technology, additive manufacturing creates objects by adding materials layer by layer and hence can fabricate customized components with an unprecedented degree of freedom. For metallic materials, unique hierarchical microstructures are constructed during additive manufacturing, which endow them with numerous excellent properties. To take full advantage of additive manufacturing, an in-depth understanding of the microstructure evolution mechanism is required. To this end, this review explores the fundamental procedures of additive manufacturing, that is, the formation and binding of melt pools. A comprehensive processing map is proposed that integrates melt pool energy- and geometry-related process parameters together. Based on it, additively manufactured microstructures are developed during and after the solidification of constituent melt pool. The solidification structures are composed of primary columnar grains and fine secondary phases that form along the grain boundaries. The post-solidification structures include submicron scale dislocation cells stemming from internal residual stress and nanoscale precipitates induced by intrinsic heat treatment during cyclic heating of adjacent melt pool. Based on solidification and dislocation theories, the formation mechanisms of the multistage microstructures are thoroughly analyzed, and accordingly, multistage control methods are proposed. In addition, the underlying atomic scale structural features are briefly discussed. Furthermore, microstructure design for additive manufacturing through adjustment of process parameters and alloy composition is addressed to fulfill the great potential of the technique. This review not only builds a solid microstructural framework for metallic materials produced by additive manufacturing but also provides a promising guideline to adjust their mechanical properties.