Fundamental Changes Research Articles

Updated profile of an adult Ukrainian learning Polish as a foreign language

The change in the status and conditions of teaching Polish as a foreign language in Ukraine has led to a fundamental change in the profile of those people who learn the Polish language, their needs, motivations and educational goals. The relevance of the study is related to the need to improve the system of work on teaching Polish to adult Ukrainians. The purpose of the study is to analyse the current situation of learning the Polish language in Ukraine by new groups of adults, taking into account age characteristics and social status, educational training and existing experience in learning foreign languages, previous contacts with the Polish language, needs and requirements regarding its mastery / proficiency level. This requires a more detailed analysis of the characteristics demonstrated by various groups of people consuming these educational services. The teacher is faced with the need to overcome students’ stereotypical perception of the speed of learning material, the mandatory presence of detailed explanations, the frequency of repetition, as well as the determination to obtain the final result. The factor of previous experience in learning foreign languages and the degree of student's previous education are important, as students transfer the associated successes and failures to the process of learning a new foreign language. Previous contact with the Polish language also has a significant impact on the effectiveness of learning. Ease of understanding the language, attempts to communicate with native speakers generally contribute to increasing motivation to study. The analysis showed that the goal of learning the Polish language for the majority of students was and remains the acquisition of higher education. The number of adults studying the language is also growing to fulfil their professional duties. Changing learning conditions alongside adjusting the goals and motivation level diversify the process of learning the Polish language, which often consists of several stages, in which Ukrainian and Polish teachers participate simultaneously. Taking into account all the listed aspects will make it possible to build an effective training model, namely to adapt programmes and training manuals to work with a qualitatively heterogeneous audience.

Участие Европейского союза в судебном процессе Европейского суда по правам человека: механизм соответчика

The article examines the features of the application of the co-defendant mechanism, provided by the Agree-ment on the Accession of the European Union to the European Convention on Human Rights of 1950, as the main mechanism for the participation of the European Union in the judicial process of the European Court of Human Rights. The author analyzes the problematic aspects of application of the co-defendant mechanism, as well as the novelties developed by the ad hoc group (46+1) within the framework of the newly opened in 2019 negotiations on the accession of the European Union to the European Convention on Human Rights. The anal-ysis of the revised Agreement on the Accession of the European Union to the European Convention on Human Rights of 1950 demonstrates fundamental changes in the application of the co-defendant mechanism: a mechanism of termination of the co-defendant procedure is introduced, the European Court of Human Rights is obliged to inform the European Union without delay that the case in question involves the application of Eu-ropean Union law, the European Court of Human Rights is deprived of discretionary powers to determine the degree of responsibility of the defendant, and the European Court of Human Rights is deprived of discretionary powers to determine the extent of the defendant’s liability and the extent of the co-defendant’s responsibility. Finally, the author comes to the conclusion that the updated Accession Agreement takes into account all the requirements of the European Union and the Court of Justice of the European Union, which in turn significantly increases the chances of the European Union’s accession to the 1950 European Convention on Human Rights.

METHODS OF PATENT DOCUMENTATION ANALYSIS

Intellectual search of patent text is an important task that requires knowledge of the subject area. In today's world, when the growing pace of technological innovation is already leading to fundamental changes, with entering the fourth industrial revolution Industry (4.0), the development of artificial intelligence and the virtual economy, the analysis of patent documentation is becoming an increasingly important task, therefore, traditional approaches to text analysis are insufficient for comprehensive study of the patent text. This article discusses methods of patent document analysis, including topic identification, text segmentation, information display, feature selection, clustering, and summary selection, etc. The described methods can be used to better understand the relationships between different technologies and their priorities and to assess competition and opportunities for their use in the market. Also considered are the main challenges and problems associated with the analysis of patent documentation, such as the limited amount of data and the heterogeneity of their structure. The article's conclusions can be useful not only for the linguistic analysis of patent documentation, but also for researchers, engineers, managers and other specialists working in the field of innovation and technology development.

Installation of Regulatory Sandbox Environment from the Perspective of the Brazilian Charter for Smart Cities

The development of smart and sustainable cities is becoming a real necessity for Brazilian municipalities. As such, the objective of this article was to present the concept of smart cities, as well as the guidelines proposed by the Brazilian Charter for Smart Cities. Subsequently, the Regulatory Sandbox in cities is presented. It is an instrument proposed in the Charter and regulated by Federal Complementary Law No. 182/2021, and can also be installed in Brazilian municipalities, through temporary Government authorization. Its institution aims to develop innovative business models and test new technologies, with a view not only to improving the quality of life of its population but also as an instrument to be used to actively participate in the construction of a smart city. In this way, the analysis of the scientific and academic production carried out about the Regulatory Sandbox in Brazil was decided upon. The methodology used was analytical research, through literature review. The results showed that digital transformation is a fundamental change in cities and, the institution of a Sandbox model is a secure way to test and validate resource-saving technologies.

Formation of value orientations in students through the olonkho epic

The choice of the research topic stems from the relevance of forming value orientations in young people in modern conditions, and the insufficient theoretical and practical development of the problem, taking into account regional, in particular ethno-pedagogical conditions. During any crisis in society, the most vulnerable segment of the population is young people. Education faces the task of forming value orientations of students based on traditional values: family values, national culture, healthylifestyle, etc. This article examines the epic as a means of forming value orientations of students. When developing approaches to content and logic, the research relied on the works of: philosophers L. V. Baeva, D. A. Leontyev, N. O. Lossky and others; sociologists V. G. Alekseev, V. P. Tugarinov, V. A. Yadov and others; psychologists B. S. Alishev, A. G. Asmolov, B. S. Bratus and others; and teachers A. V. Kiryakova, D. A. Nemtsova, M. A. Rasulova and others. Our study is also based on humanistic ideas of personalityoriented education, developed in the research of N. A. Alekseev, E. V. Bondarevskaya, V. V. Serikov, I. S. Yakimanskaya and others; the theory of the activity approach in the works of G. S. Batishchev, E. V. Ilyenkov, S. L. Rubinshtein, V.D. Shadrikov and others; ideas and provisions of ethnopedagogy by G. N. Volkov, N. D. Nikandrov, I. S. Portnyagin, A. D. Semenova and others. The development of the program “The potential of the Olonkho epic in education” was carried out on the basis of the works of Yakut scholars N. V. Emelyanov, V. V. Illarionov, P. A. Oyunsky and others. To realize the purpose of the research and the content of the material, the following research methods were used: general theoretical (analysis and synthesis, deduction and generalization); empirical (observation, expert survey, questionnaires, experimental work, quantitative and qualitative analysis of the results obtained). The article defines the theoretical and pedagogical foundations and develops rational pedagogical ways to ensure the formation of value orientations of students in secondary vocational education institutions (SVE). The effectiveness of the process of forming value orientations in secondary vocational education institutions is achieved by creating a program for introducing the younger generation to the national culture of the Sakha people through the Olonkho epic. As a result of the implementation of the developed program “The potential of the Olonkho epic in education”, fundamental changes occurred in the educational activities of secondary vocational education. Results of the study in the control group (CG) and the experimental group (EG) at the end of the experiment: high level in CG – 10% (10 people), EG – 24% (24 people); average level in CG – 69% (69 people), EG – 70% (70 people); low level in CG – 21% (21), EG – 6% (6 people). The data obtained from the CG and EG allow us to conclude that interest in moral values prevails over the interest in material values. The study confirmed the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed program “The potential of the Olonkho epic in education.”

THE EFFECT OF CLIMATE AND ENVIRONMENT ON HUMAN MENTAL STATE AND HEALTH

Height is one of the structural factors that most influences the earth's environment. Access to varying temperatures has created many challenges for animal health. Addressing ecological problems through temperature reduction and subsequent recovery of animal growth has become one of the most important topics of modern times, accessible through ecology and fundamental change. Climatology covers many fields of study, not only within the branch of atmospheric science but also involving issues of animal ecology. This significant form of intelligence can control various human needs, such as food, energy, health, physical and mental well-being, and much more. This analysis was carried out through the library abstraction method. Based on the following titles and keywords, various sources, including acceptable anesthesia books and accessories about the anniversary of acute equipment such as air pressure, temperature, humidity, solar radiation, wind, and the influence of rainfall on brain and brain health and disease, studied. It appears that climate, which includes elements such as wind, rain, and snow, can play an influential role in animal emotions. Considering that these natural phenomena have different environments in our lives, considering them can contribute to improving the quality of the brain and brain in our daily life.

Reducing the hospitalization epidemic of chronic heart failure by disease management programs.

Chronic heart failure is the most common cause of hospitalization in Europe and rates are steadily increasing due to aging of the population. Hospitalization identifies a fundamental change in the natural history of heart failure (HF) increasing the risk of re-hospitalization and mortality. Heart failure management programs improve the quality of care for HF patients and reduce hospitalization burden. The goals of the heart failure management programs include optimization of drug therapy, patient education, early recognition of signs of decompensation, and management of comorbidities. Randomized clinical trials evidenced that system of care for heart failure patients improved adherence to treatment and reduced unplanned re-admissions to hospital. Multidisciplinary programs and home-visiting have shown improved efficacy with reductions in HF and all-cause hospitalizations and mortality. Community HF clinics should take care of the management of stable patients in strict contact with primary care, while hospital out-patients clinics should care of patients with severe disease or persistent clinical instability, candidates to advanced treatment options. In any case a holistic, patient-centered approach is suggested, to optimize care considering the needs of the individual patient. Telemonitoring is a new opportunity for HF patients, because it allows the continuity of care at home. All heart failure patients should require follow-up in a specific management program, but most of date come from clinical trials that included high-risk patients. While clinical trials have a specified duration (from months to some years), lifelong follow-up is recommended with differentiated approaches according to the patient's need.

Effect of surface roughness and morphology on the adsorption and transport of CH4/CO2 mixtures in nanoporous carbons

We report here molecular simulations of the adsorption and transport behaviour of CH4/CO2 mixtures in two types of non-ideal carbon nanopores. One model decorates an otherwise slit pore with surface imperfections which disrupt the smooth walls; a second model considers a disordered media, formed of randomly arranged coronene flakes, resulting in significant tortuosity. Boundary-Driven Non-Equilibrium Molecular Dynamics (BD-NEMD) and External Force Non-Equilibrium Molecular Dynamics (EF-NEMD) are used to study adsorption and transport properties in both types of pores with varying degrees of rugosity and tortuosity. Intermolecular interactions and bulk fluid properties are described by the statistical associating fluid theory (SAFT) coarse-grained Mie potential and equation of state respectively. Strong CO2 adsorption and fast CH4 transport are observed in smooth slit pores. Small instances of surface rugosity change the dynamics significantly, reducing the transport diffusivity by over an order of magnitude. The fast plug-like flow reported in slit pores dissipates with increasing rugosity, indicating a fundamental change in the flow pattern. Furthermore, rugose pores exhibit a lower capacity for CO2 adsorption, suggesting the performance of CO2 -enhanced oil recovery may be overestimated by the smooth pore models. A pore characteristic factor is shown to be appropriate to correlate the transport diffusivities in nano-pores.

The Political Impact of Digitalization on the Judicial Method of Protection of Rights in the EAEU Countries

The article is devoted to the study of the process of digital transformation of the judicial method of protecting rights and legitimate interests in the EAEU countries. The judicial form of protection of rights has undergone fundamental changes as one of the main forms of protection of the rights and legitimate interests of citizens and business entities through the creation of digital platforms, electronic courts and the integration of information and telecommunication technologies into the process of consideration and resolution of disputes. For effective legal regulation of public relations arising under the influence of digital technologies in the course of judicial proceedings, it is necessary to theoretically develop the concept of a new type – “electronic” civil proceedings and improve the current legislation. In world practice, there are already a number of countries and integration associations that have successfully integrated digital and electronic legal proceedings, so some EAEU countries have taken the path of borrowing their positive experience.

Disharmonization Of Corporate Criminal Liability Arrangements In Forestry Law

The dynamics of changes in the Act Number 41 of 1999 on Forestry have an impact on the disharmonization of arrangements regarding corporate criminal liability. Referring to the principle of legality, criminal liability must refer to the clarity of the formulation in law. Disharmonization of corporate criminal liability arrangements in forestry law can be a problem in the realm of law enforcement. This research aims to provide an analytical description related to the harmonization of corporate criminal liability arrangements in forestry law. The method used is fully conducted through literature study associated with legal theories related to corporate criminal liability. The results showed that there are several provisions of corporate criminal liability in forestry law that are not synchronized with each other. Therefore, harmonization steps are needed, which in theory and practice. Suggestions that can be submitted to the House of Representatives are: There needs to be fundamental changes, especially regarding corporate criminal liability in forestry law which is regulated separately in the Forestry Law.

Management of Microsatellite Instability High (MSI-H) Gastroesophageal Adenocarcinoma.

Gastroesophageal cancer is a major cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Treatment of both early stage and advanced disease remains highly reliant on cytotoxic chemotherapy. About 4-24% of gastroesophageal cancers are microsatellite instability high (MSI-H). The MSI-H subtype is associated with favorable prognosis, resistance to cytotoxic chemotherapy, and sensitivity to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). Recent studies have demonstrated promising activity of ICIs in the MSI-H subtype, resulting in fundamental changes in the management of MSI-H gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma. In this review, we discuss the prevalence, characteristics, prognosis, and management of MSI-H gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma, with a focus on recent and ongoing studies that have changed the landscape of treatment for the MSI-H subtype. We also discuss current challenges in the management of resectable and advanced MSI-H gastroesophageal cancer, including the need for more accurate biomarkers of response to ICI therapy.

Impact of internal metal ions in tea polysaccharides on antioxidant potential and suppression of cancer cell growth

Four kinds of tea polysaccharides (MBTPS, MGTPS, ZBTPS, ZGTPS) were extracted from Maofeng black tea, Maofeng green tea,Ziyan black tea and Ziyan green tea, and then four tea polysaccharides (RMBTPS, RMGTPS, RZBTPS, RZGTPS) after metal removal were prepared. The physicochemical properties, antioxidant activity and inhibitory activity on cancer cell proliferation of the above polysaccharides were studied. The composition analysis shows that these tea polysaccharides were glycoproteins complexes, composed of a variety of monosaccharides, and the removal of metal ions did not lead to fundamental changes in the composition of polysaccharides. In vitro activity, after removing metal ions, the ABTS free radicals scavenging ability and reducing power of tea polysaccharides were decreased, and the inhibitory effect on proliferation of H22 cells weakened. There was a great correlation between metal elements Al and Ni and biological activity. The results showed that the metal ions in tea polysaccharides, especially Al and Ni, had positive effects on biological activity.

Prospects, dilemmas and ways of the rule of law for digital commerce in the framework of the Belt and Road

Global digital transformation and fundamental changes in the management system open up new opportunities for the development of digital trade along the Belt and Road. The Digital Silk Road received a new mission and task, attracted active attention and broad participation of the countries located along the Belt and Road. In the process of developing digital trade along the Belt and Road, certain dilemmas must be overcome during the construction of the Digital Silk Road. These include problems such as the imbalance in the value of the global digital order, the deregulation of international rules of digital governance and large differences in the regional development of the Belt and Road. Guiding and promoting the construction of digital trade along the Belt and Road in compliance with the rule of law principle, as well as promoting the development of digital rule of law in various countries through the Belt and Road digital trade is of great importance for promoting the qualitative development of digital trade along the «Belts and Paths». Specific ways include: creating a rule of law framework for a «Digital Community of One Destiny», establishing rule of law rules for global digital governance and promoting mutual trust in the rule of law in multilateral cooperation, etc.

CARE JUSTICE FOR UNPAID AND UNDERPAID CARE WORKERS

Abstract Scholarship on older women, family caregiving, feminist gerontology, community-based services and policy change intersected throughout my career. As a social worker, care of older adults has always been a matter of social justice. My focus now is on care justice for those who perform the critical work of long-term services and supports: unpaid family caregivers and underpaid home care workers. This lecture will examine the interrelationships among both types of care laborers, who often face structural constraints on their decision to care and whose work is devalued, marginalized and invisible. Inequities for care workers by race, immigrant status, and sexual orientation are rooted in systemic racism, sexism, xenophobia, and homophobia. This lecture presents the components of a care justice framework, informed by feminism, intersectionality, and care theory, of fundamental structural changes to value collectively the essential work of care, ensure meaningful choice to care, and reduce inequities in care labor.

Operationalising generalism in medical education: a narrative review of international policy and mission documents

ABSTRACT Introduction Despite moves across medical education to increase learning of generalist principles, a lack of clarity about what generalism means and how we should train doctors as ‘generalists’, has remained. This study explores how international, undergraduate and postgraduate, policy and educational mission documents characterise the practice and learning of generalism and how this can inform physician training. Methods A narrative literature review was conducted based on policy and mission documents identified through grey literature searches and a wider systematic review looking at empirical texts. Texts published between 1999 and present and related to ‘generalism’ were eligible for inclusion. Texts were coded and codes were reviewed and grouped into key themes. Results Thirty-four documents were included. Definitions vary: some described generalism as a basic skill, whilst others emphasised expertise. Factors which support learning generalism include: favourable financial outcomes; ageing populations; coordination of multidisciplinary care; demand for doctors with transferable skills; and patient expectations. Barriers to learning about generalism include: preference for specialisation; structure of undergraduate teaching and assessment; and the hidden curriculum. Solutions may include re-imagining generalists and specialists as being on a continuum as well as increasing exposure throughout medical education. Discussion Whilst generalism is consistently positioned as valuable, less clarity exists about how best to operationalise this in medical education. Fundamental ideological and structural changes within teaching curricula and assessment, are necessary to improve generalist learning and to promote sustainable practice. Medical education needs careful, considered planning to ensure workforce expertise is meeting population needs.

Towards a Safe and Secure Global Information Technology Ecosystem

Cyberspace, an expanding and boundless platform created by a vast network of interconnected devices, has caused a fundamental change in communication, work, and information accessibility. The unprecedented potential of this platform, however, also poses major challenges in terms of privacy and security. Due to its multinational nature, cyberspace transcends the sovereignty of any one government and therefore evades exclusive ownership by a nation-state. Although the growth of digitalization has simplified many processes and increased productivity in daily life, this exponential growth has rendered the digital ecosystem more vulnerable to a wide range of cybersecurity threats. The increasing frequency and sophistication of cyberattacks and operations carried out by both state and non-state actors highlight the need for better international cooperation to help protect critical infrastructure from malicious actors. Collective action in response to global cyber threats requires consistency and adherence to ethical principles within the international community. Ethical approaches to leadership and international cooperation can play an important part in resolving global cybersecurity issues by paving the way for the development and adoption of better and more effective cybersecurity policies that can help mitigate the risk more optimally. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the possibilities of bolstering global solidarity via the use of ethical methods to combat the challenges posed by digital technology. The intricate and interconnected nature of cyber issues underscores the cruciality of ethical governance in the identification and implementation of practical solutions. The present study seeks to examine and assess the practicality, applicability, and efficiency of various ethical frameworks in addressing issues pertaining to digital platforms, thereby contributing to a better understanding of the interplay between ethics and cybersecurity. This study would contribute to the development of strategies for inspiring ethical and responsible behavior from public and private sectors regarding cybersecurity, and to the promotion of international solidarity and cooperation in addressing global cyber threats.

Evaluation of Chemical and Morphological Properties of Spruce Wood Stored in the Natural Environment.

This paper focuses on the changes in chemical structure and fiber morphological properties of spruce wood during 15 months of its storage in an open forest woodshed. From the chemical composition, the extractives, cellulose, holocellulose, and lignin content were determined. The pH value was measured on the wood surface using a contact electrode. Acetic and formic acid, saccharides (glucose, xylose, galactose, arabinose and mannose), and polymerization degree (PD) of cellulose were analyzed using the HPLC method. Fiber length and width were determined using a fiber tester analyzer. After 15 months of storage the content of both cellulose (determined by the Seifert method) and lignin did not change; the quantity of hemicelluloses decreased by 13.2%, due to its easier degradation and less stability compared to cellulose; and the pH value dropped by one degree. HPLC analyses showed a total decrease in the cellulose DP of 9.2% and in saccharides of 40.2%, while the largest decreases were recorded in the quantity of arabinose, by 72%, in the quantity of galactose, by 61%, and in the quantity of xylose, by 43%. Organic acids were not detected due to their high volatility during wood storage. The total decrease in average fiber length was 38.2% and in width was 4.8%. An increase in the proportion of shorter fibers, and a decrease in the proportion of longer fibers, was recorded. It can be concluded that fundamental changes occurred in the wood, which could affect the quality of further products (e.g., chips, pulp, paper, particleboards).

The subject matter of administrative law as a basic category For distinguishing sectoral principles of administrative law

Problem setting. Administrative law as a fundamental branch of public law is a necessary tool in regulating the activities of public administration bodies, public organizations, enterprises, institutions, and organizations. Its influence is constantly felt by specific individuals. Norms of administrative law protect relations formed under the influence of civil, labor, financial and other branches of law. In recent years, administrative law has been in a state of transformation, a new ideology of relations between the state and the citizen is being formed, the administrative legal doctrine is undergoing fundamental changes, and administrative legislation is being updated. As a result, administrative law has turned from the law of state management into a branch that normatively defines and regulates the rights and obligations of public administration in relation to subjects of civil society. Analysis of recent researches and publications. A significant number of scientists dealt with issues of administrative law, its subject, principles, among which it is worth mentioning the works of such scientists as: V. B. Averyanov, Yu. P. Bityak, V. V. Galunko, R. S. Melnyk, A. A. Pukhtetska and others. However, despite the rather large number of works, questions related to the generalization of scientific positions, which highlight the subject of administrative law as a basic category for determining industry precepts, remain in most cases outside the attention of researchers, which makes it possible to talk about the need to carry out such research. The purpose of research is to clarify the role of the subject of administrative law as a basic category for determining the branch principles of administrative law. Article’s main body. The article is devoted to the peculiarities of the subject of administrative law as a fundamental criterion for determining the principles of administrative law. Of fundamental importance for updating the concept of the subject of administrative law were two theoretical conclusions that were made in the development of the ideas of the Concept of Administrative Reform in Ukraine. The transformation of the subject of administrative law is a factor in updating the content and classification of the principles of administrative law. The subject of administrative law is social relations that arise for the purpose of realizing and protecting the rights of citizens, creation of normal conditions for the functioning of civil society and the state. It follows that the main task of administrative law is to create a priority of legal conditions for ensuring by public administration the rights, freedoms and interests of man and citizen in the sphere of public administration. The subject of administrative law is a wide complex of social relations that arise in connection with the implementation of the functions of the state executive power, the content of which is the management of society. Ukraine’s new management model (with adapted principles of Good Governance) should be aimed at maximizing the scope of public participation in governance, ensuring that economic, social and political priorities are based on consensus in such a way that the voices of all citizens, even the poorest and most socially disadvantaged population groups were taken into account when making state decisions. The article emphasizes the fact that principles are the leading category in the administrative law of all continental European countries. The principles reveal the content of law, reveal the essence of law, its foundations, as well as the regularities of social life and needs, and highlight trends. In the theory of law, the principles of law mean the most general and stable requirements that contribute to the establishment and protection of social values, determine the nature of law and the direction of its further development. Conclusions and prospects for development. The principles of law are a natural phenomenon of legal science, which in their essence are universal and reflect modern approaches to their interpretation. In modern conditions, the principles of law have a universal character, as they must be taken into account by law-making subjects during the creation of norms for the legal regulation of social relations. The peculiarities of the subject of administrative law provide grounds for a new approach to updating and characterizing the principles of administrative law resulting from interdependence and influence on each other.

Multimodal stance and engagement in digital video methods articles

The proliferation of digital media technologies has led to fundamental changes in the way that we communicate, changes that have also been felt in the realm of scholarly communication. One underresearched scholarly digital genre is the “video methods article” (VMA) in experimental science, which is published by the Journal of Visualized Experiments (JoVE), and whose purpose is to share advances in scientific methods with members of the scientific community. The genre draws on the medium of digital video in order to communicate new methods through multiple modes (e.g., spoken, written and visual), making it possible for scientists not only to read about but also to see new scientific methods as they are demonstrated on screen. In addition, the genre opens up possibilities for interpersonal engagement with the audience (such as the ability to speak directly to the camera) that are not present in traditional methods articles. This article draws on a corpus of 11 VMAs (1 per year from 2006 to 2016) in order to provide a multimodal analysis of key sections. It aims to show how stance and engagement are realized in VMAs through a complex multimodal interplay constructed by multiple individuals. Semiotic resources identified include elements of the researcher’s video recorded performance such as speech, gesture, facial expression, gaze, dress, and body; elements of the setting, such as chosen location, represented human and non-human participants and represented action; use of scientific visuals and animations; filmic elements such as camera angle, movement, and distance.

CIM-11 (OMS) : nouvelle révision et impact de la classification onusienne en psychiatrie

ObjectivesAfter more than 20 years of work, the World Health Organization's efforts have culminated in the adoption of the 11th revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11). The process has been guided by the principles of global applicability, scientific validity, and clinical utility. The update of the chapter on mental, behavioral, and neurodevelopmental disorders (MBND) within the ICD-11 has generated widespread interest worldwide. This has raised various questions about the status of mental disorder nosology, changes to diagnostic guidelines, and the potential implications for clinical practice. MethodsWe conducted a narrative analysis of the literature in four different languages to track the various stages of the ICD-11 revision and to highlight the major changes. We searched databases such as PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar, and consulted the official websites of the WHO, APA, and UNICEF. A total of 79 articles from 40 different editorials and websites were analyzed and included in this study. ResultsThe new chapters on mental disorders in the ICD-11 include 21 groups, as opposed to the 11 in the ICD-10. The changes aim to align the diagnoses with those of the DSM-5 and introduce a new chapter structure, new diagnostic categories, modifications to diagnostic criteria, and advancements in dimensionality. For the first time in the history of the ICD, sleep and wakefulness disorders, as well as disorders related to sexual health, have been addressed in separate chapters of the international classification. Four new diagnoses have been added: complex post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), gaming disorder, prolonged grief disorder, and compulsive sexual behavior which replaces “excessive sexual activity” in the ICD-10. Moreover, the ICD-11 revision has brought about a fundamental change in the clinical conceptualization of addictive behaviors, introducing a distinction between substance use disorders and addictive behaviors. The criteria for many existing conditions have been revised, particularly those related to bipolar disorders, eating disorders, and gender identity disorders. ConclusionsThe revision process for mental, behavioral, and neurodevelopmental disorders in the ICD-11 has witnessed unprecedented participation in the history of mental disorder classification. These changes could have a significant impact on clinical practice in psychiatry. However, it is crucial to examine the advantages and limitations of this new classification compared to previous versions.