Fundamental Axis Research Articles

Discussions on the Content of the Right to Private and Family Life from the Perspective of Reproductive Rights

Since the ancient times, the birth of a child has been a special event for the child's family and from a social viewpoint. It is simplistic to consider the reproduction as an event that belongs exclusively to the private life of the couple because it is considered that there has always been an interest on the part of society regarding the context in which its future members come into the world. The issue of the reproductive rights is of particular relevance in this day and age, especially in the context of the new reproductive technologies, which transform the issue from one that is already complex and sensitive, to one that urgently requires the clear establishment of some fundamental axes at the level of the principles of law; however, we must appreciate that the foundation of any legal protection is precisely the recognition by the legislator of these rights. Therefore, the question from which we start in our approach is whether we can recognize the per se existence of reproductive rights, and if so, what would be their basis and the reasons that could lead to the recognition of such rights. The subsequent questions that arise are the following: what are the limits of these rights, who are their holders and what is the type of legal protection that must be granted to them?

Training of women as promoters of social and emotional health in children and adolescents

Abstract Background Since the COVID-19 pandemic, the ‘silent pandemics’ associated with mental health became more visible; likewise, the confinement made us reflect on the importance of family environments for health promotion. On the other hand, child and adolescent suicide increases alarmingly; a context that highlights the need to consolidate health promotion actions from the emotional and social dimensions based on educational strategies with the community, be women, key to strengthen the community health system. Objectives To train 46 women as social and emotional health promoters in children and adolescents through the gamification methodology; 9 training sessions were held, developing the modules: a) Definition of social health and emotional health and play and gamification tools, b) Social health, c) Emotional health and d) Proposal for health promotion. Results Community mothers and women caregivers succeeded: a) Identification and application of the gamification methodology for the formulation of health promotion actions based on the projects implemented, such as: ‘I take care of myself to care for another', ‘Run with My Emotions', ‘Take Care of Myself and Be Happy', ‘Educational Mental Health', ‘Happy Explorers', ‘Active Squad'; b) Recognition of social and emotional health as well as personal and context risk factors; and c) Benefit your 46 families, an average of 5 persons per household, serving 230 persons in the community and 475 children and adolescents belonging to 36 community homes involved in the process. Conclusions Installed capacity was generated by certifying 46 women in the course: Gamification, play and playful, fundamental axes in the promotion of social and emotional health in children and adolescents; evidencing the strengthening of social and family ties based on the personal growth of trained women and the recognition of the role of participating women as multipliers and health promoters in their communities. Key messages • Gamification as a methodology for health education evidence significant learning in women and in their transfer of knowledge to children and adolescents. • Training women as health promoters makes it possible to strengthen the community health system, recognizing the educational role they have in their families and communities to be multipliers.

Internal and External Happiness Triggers for Customer Behaviour Motivations

The development of sustainable consumption habits has been a subject of permanent study from various marketing perspectives. Some academic initiatives have sought ways to keep customers interested in the products developed by companies and, to this end, they have sought to find an axis that drives responsible consumption from the internal and external motivations to which the consumer is subjected through the influence of marketing in his decision-making process. In this process, two fundamental axes are presented that are differentiated by the origin of the stimuli. In the internal aspect, needs are initiated by those triggers that are originated in beliefs, expectations and desires coming from the customer's individuality. On the other hand, when these are originated in the collective or come from an origin that stems from characteristics that respond to requirements emanating from the group, then they can be considered as external triggers. Keywords: Happiness-Marketing Paradox, Happiness Triggers, Internal Motivation, External Motivation, Customer Behaviour.

Promoting an E-Learning Culture: Exploratory Study of Different Organizational Approaches

Investing in human capital represents a substantial lever for meeting the challenges organizations face, particularly the exacerbation of competition, competitiveness, and performance. (Baujard, 2006). In this landscape, the knowledge and skills of employees represent a fundamental axis for maintaining competitive advantage and pursuing growth. Consequently, the implementation of training programs would enable organizations to develop the potential of their human capital and engage in a dynamic of innovation. (El Yaacoubi and Bennani, 2022) However, in an increasingly connected world, it's time for private and public organizations to embrace digital transformation. (Bellalij, 2021). This is the case for public and private organizations, where the advent of information and communication technologies has completely overturned their managerial context and human capital management practices (Niniss, 2022). Training is one of the practices that should be part of this movement and adopt a strategy of continuous innovation. Keywords: E-learning, E-learning culture, Organizational approaches, Promoting, Qualitative study

High School Sustainable and Green Chemistry: Historical–Epistemological and Pedagogical Considerations

In this paper, a distinction is first made between environmental, sustainable, and green chemistry; the last two are then examined in relation to the more general problem of environmental education. A brief historical digression on the Science, Technology, and Society movement attempts to dissect reasons why chemistry is seen by the general public as a problem, not as a decisive resource for the realization of the ecological transition. Although sustainable and green chemistry can be decisive in overcoming the insularity of chemical disciplines in high school, it is not well-embedded in educational practices. This situation is slowly changing thanks to the implementations of systems thinking in teaching practice, showing interconnections between the molecular world and sustainability. Historical and epistemological studies provide an all-encompassing framework for the relationship between chemistry and the environment in a broad sense, giving a solid foundation for educational projects. Specific operational goals can help chemical educators in supporting real learning, as well as an examination of the fundamental axes of sustainable and green chemistry, according to the criteria of Scientific and Technological Literacy. Finally, the results of some research carried out in secondary school are presented. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of the interdisciplinary-systemic approach in teaching chemistry as well as in guiding future green careers and reducing the gender gap, preparing high school students in the best possible way to face the challenges of an increasingly interconnected and complex world.

Reasignación vocal: relación entre autopercepción de la voz, parámetros acústicos y función vocal en mujeres trans

ObjectiveTo determine anatomical, acoustic and socio-emotional aspects of the voice in trans women. MethodIt corresponds to a quantitative investigation with an observational design, descriptive analysis of a retrospective cross-sectional type, in which 10 trans women who are part of the gender program of the HSJD. ResultsThe late start of the process of medical evaluation, hormonal therapy and multidisciplinary accompaniment during the gender transition stands out. Most of the participants perceived their voice to be within the masculine or neutral ranges. According to the data obtained in this study in relation to the acoustic parameters, all the participants are within normal ranges in the Jitter measurement, however two of them present presentations in Shimmer and NHR. In addition, 70% of the participants presented characteristics of tension muscle dysphonia. ConclusionIt should be mentioned that speech therapy monitoring, voice assessment, anatomical study and possible surgical intervention by the otorhinolaryngologist specialist are a fundamental axis to consider in the global health process of trans people.

Effects of the fundamental axes of variation in structural diversity on the forest canopy temperature in an urban area

The spatial distribution and heterogeneity of forest canopy elements reveal the fundamental dimensions of plant structure variations. Forests characterized by greater structural complexity and diversity intercept solar radiation more effectively, directly influencing the thermal environment and energy balance of the canopy. However, the axes of variation in the distribution and heterogeneity of the canopy remain largely unknown, which limits our understanding of how structural diversity responds to canopy temperature variability. Here, we derived a set of structural diversity metrics from a dataset of canopy structure measurements obtained using unmanned aerial vehicle-light detection and ranging across major forest communities in an urban area in 2021 and 2022. We also explored the key axes of structural diversity variability and tested their predictive power for canopy temperature. The results showed that: (1) most of the variability within structural diversity (83.6 % and 81.8 %) was captured by the three key axes in 2021 and 2022. The first axis was primarily driven by structural heterogeneity, representing the heterogeneity of vegetation distribution within the canopy. The second axis was primarily influenced by the interaction between height and cover/openness, indicating the vertical structure and horizontal distribution pattern of the canopy. The third axis represented the horizontal coverage and density of the canopy. (2) In both 2021 and 2022, the second axis was identified as the most influential predictor of canopy temperature, as evidenced by R2 values of 0.46 and 0.28, respectively. The model incorporating all three axes of structural diversity achieved the highest accuracy in predicting the canopy temperature for 2021 (R2 = 0.68, AIC = 81.35, ΔAIC = 0, and RMSE = 0.89). Prior research on canopy temperature prediction has overlooked the true potential of principal component axes derived from structural diversity. The findings present a novel approach for selecting structural diversity indicators for future investigation.

STRUCTURING AXES THAT GUIDE PEDAGOGICAL PRACTICES

This article aims to reflect on the importance of games and interactions as guiding principles of educational practices in Early Childhood Education, being indispensable for the construction of meaningful learning in the school environment. Therefore, the research is based on the main advances established in legislation and addresses interactions and games in the school context as fundamental axes of pedagogical practice. In this sense, it is based on bibliographical research with a qualitative approach. To this end, bibliographical research was carried out on sites such as Google Scholar, SciELO, among others relevant to the subject, in order to have a basis, the National Curricular Guidelines for Early Childhood Education, National Common Curricular Base, articles, monographs and dissertations with publications on the theme. In this light, we can say that the theme is relevant, indispensable and extremely relevant, since games and interactions contribute to the development of children with such intensity and in such a remarkable way that they represent a solid foundation for their entire lives and it is the It is from early childhood education that it is possible to form good, thinking citizens who are mainly committed to society.

The interplay of circular economy, ethical tourism, and inclusive economy

Post-COVID tourism must be framed within a new paradigm that embraces the values of sustainability with a triple impact (economic, but also environmental and social) as opposed to the immediacy of economic income. The circularity of the economy and social innovation become fundamental axes on which to build the pillars of a new tourism. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate that this is possible through the Social Economy. To this end, evidence will be presented on two initiatives worked on by our research group on social innovation and inclusive business over several years. Firstly, an experience developed with the indigenous community of the Nasa Council in Cali (Colombia) governed by a matriarchal system; and secondly, another one in a small village in central Spain, an area with serious problems of rural depopulation. Through two models of the Social Economy, a successful experience has been achieved that has lasted over time. Therefore, it is possible to combine social innovation with tourism to achieve full sustainability in destinations.

Knowledge Management From Research Processes

Research conducted at universities may not be merely academic, that is, it must not only comply with internal indicators related to teacher evaluation. The research focuses its purpose on generating a theorization on knowledge management in the university context from the research processes developed by teachers who are leaders of research groups. It was developed methodologically from a qualitative experiential process of the researchers with the study phenomenon. It is necessary to build a university where knowledge management is observed from research as a fundamental axis of the curriculum, in order to constitute an institution based on the generation of innovation from the contribution made by each of the people who make it up. The university from its parts must build a curriculum focused on research, permeable to social realities, inclusive, intercultural, ethical; in recognition of the other as an epistemic subject generator of knowledge and in permanent training from a subject - subject perspective, in order to transcend the content repetition model, concerned with the reproduction of professionals, but not researchers concerned with social transformation.

Leaf-level coordination principles propagate to the ecosystem scale

Fundamental axes of variation in plant traits result from trade-offs between costs and benefits of resource-use strategies at the leaf scale. However, it is unclear whether similar trade-offs propagate to the ecosystem level. Here, we test whether trait correlation patterns predicted by three well-known leaf- and plant-level coordination theories – the leaf economics spectrum, the global spectrum of plant form and function, and the least-cost hypothesis – are also observed between community mean traits and ecosystem processes. We combined ecosystem functional properties from FLUXNET sites, vegetation properties, and community mean plant traits into three corresponding principal component analyses. We find that the leaf economics spectrum (90 sites), the global spectrum of plant form and function (89 sites), and the least-cost hypothesis (82 sites) all propagate at the ecosystem level. However, we also find evidence of additional scale-emergent properties. Evaluating the coordination of ecosystem functional properties may aid the development of more realistic global dynamic vegetation models with critical empirical data, reducing the uncertainty of climate change projections.

EDUCAÇÃO EMANCIPATÓRIA: UM DIÁLOGO POSSÍVEL ENTRE THEODOR ADORNO E PAULO FREIRE

This paper aims to establish the possible dialogue between the writings of Theodor Adorno and Paulo Freire, with a view to emancipatory education. Therefore, we start with the following question: What is the possible dialogue between emancipatory education in Adorno and Freire? The methodology used was bibliographic research, based from the collating of works by Adorno and Freire, as well as the material produced about the authors. It is concluded that both Adorno and Freire fought the capitalist society of their time and that both were against the alienation of man; hence, human emancipation was a common concern among these classics. The analysis carried out indicates that emancipatory education, in Adorno and Freire, presents some fundamental axes, which will be presented throughout the text. The central focus in Adorno's theory is social formation, however, education is also pursued, given that social deformation is reflected in school. In Freire, we have educations. In this sense, we imply that emancipatory education, both in Adorno and in Freire, impels the individual to move against the grain of heteronomy and protected thinking imposed by society, with a view to the process of liberation, autonomy, and awareness. Human emancipation, therefore, is a process.

Continuous training of Mathematics teachers: an analysis from its relationship with pedagogical practice

Continuous training constitutes the fundamental axis of educational practice that allows you to acquire skills due to updating and innovation on pedagogical, didactic, curricular, and technological knowledge. This study aimed to analyze the continuous training of mathematics teachers and its relationship with pedagogical practice. The applied methodology was a non-experimental design with a mixed approach and a systematic literature review. Therefore, the techniques used were the survey and the focus group. A conventional population of teachers and vice-chancellors of the different educational units of Quevedo was selected as an object of study. According to the results in the last two years, the number of training carried out by teachers is negligible, ranging from 1 to 5. Consequently, the requirement of the courses is dissimilar.

Early education in social and affective development of infants from 3 to 5 years old in the canton of Latacunga Ecuador

ABSTRACT Social and affective development is a relevant aspect to child’s integral development and a fundamental axis of educational programmes. This study evaluates the professional practice of Early Education workers in socio-affective development of infants from Latacunga Canton, Ecuador. The documentary compilation technique was used with material about public institutions governing the educational and social field. The information was used to develop a questionnaire that was answered by 572 educators from public and private institutions offering Initial I and Initial II courses, taking care of children between 0 and 5 years old. Descriptive and deductive methods with qualitative and quantitative tools were used. Between pedagogical management of Ministry of Economy and Social Inclusion (MoESI) and Ministry of Education (MoE) educators, there were significant differences in the following educational dimensions: communication and language, autonomy, personal values, society, school, skills, strengths, and methods. In favour of MoE. From directors’ and psychologists’ interventions, it was determined that most of active strategies applied were promotion of values and playful strategies. On the other hand, most of passive strategies were festive programmes and social activities, focused on providing experiences and environments to deal with positive emotions. However, the management of negatives emotions was considered on few occasions.

Functional tests in older adults: a cross-sectional study comparing subjects with and without history of falls

Functional tests are a fundamental axis in assessing the risk of falls in older adults. However, many of them lack associative value with the actual functional status of the older adults, medical history, and comorbidities. Analytical study with cross-sectional design. Three functional tests were performed (Timed Up & Go, Five Times Sit to Stand Test, and Unipodal Station Test) in 148 independent older adults (mean = 74.8 SD = 7.2), 83 non-fallers, and 58 with self-reported accidental falls in the last year. Other factors, such as grip strength and abdominal circumference, were considered. The functional tests presented associative value in older adults with a history of falls (p < 0.05). The grip strength has a statistically significant correlation between both groups. Functional tests can discriminate the risk of falls in independent older adults and those with similar comorbidities. The three functional tests applied show associative values in falling older adults. The grip strength presented associative value with the functional tests.

Role of the China South–South cooperation hegemonic strategy as an “early emulation” in a context of systemic chaos

This study seeks to contribute to the thesis that China is directing its efforts toward the construction of a set of institutions that are presented as an alternative interstate subsystem to the one that emerged in the second postwar period. In this research, we made progress in locating the main elements from which we prefigure one of the features of that project. This is the strategy that, based on the cooperation scheme implemented by China through the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), the Global Development Initiative (GDI)1 and the Global Security Initiative (GSI),2 manifests itself in a kind of “early emulation” of the North American hegemonic strategy of the second postwar period. “Emulation” of the United States (US) is synthesized in a double process: first, in the way in which China is currently articulating an institutional framework under the intensification of the present systemic chaos, that is, in a previous or “early” moment with respect to that in which we could consider the clear rise of a new hegemonic power. This framework operates under the logic of a political dialog that allows trade agreements and promotes a development strategy based on structural change. Second, in a similar way to the multilateral consensus that underpinned the US project based on the promotion of “development” from the north to the south and with a fundamental role for cooperation and aid, China today deploys a similar argument promoting the scope of “a community of shared future”3 with its strategic partners and to which more and more states look to join, where the GDI and the GSI are fundamental axes.

Optimal deployment of fast-charging stations for electric vehicles considering the sizing of the electrical distribution network and traffic condition

The conventional vehicle fleet worldwide has contributed to the degradation of air quality due to CO2 emissions. Consequently, it has migrated from internal combustion to electric vehicles (EVs). However, it is essential to ensure the deployment of electric vehicle charging station infrastructures (EVCSI) to guarantee their interoperability for the development of electric mobility. Moreover, the sustainability of EVCSI depends not only on the capacity to meet demand but also on the adequate number of terminals in the different public charging stations (CS) to reduce waiting times for battery recharging. Then to achieve an optimal sizing of charging stations, it is crucial to foresee the maximum number of vehicles that could use the different CS during a time interval. The sizing of CS must respond to real mobility constraints and technical conditions, such as the capacity of vehicular flow, the capacity of the roads according to their geometry, the trajectories marked by the users, and the possible exit of operation of some CS. Therefore, this paper addresses the problem considering four fundamental axes, which are: stochastic analysis of heterogeneous vehicular flow, a solution to the transportation problem with the capacitated multicommodity flow problem and Hungarian algorithm, analysis of the optimal number of terminals considering loading times, and finally the proposed EVCSI will be validated using the CymDist software for electrical engineering. Consequently, the computational complexity of the model is of a combinatorial type and is defined as NP-hard given the multiple variables and constraints within the transportation problem.

Foresterie Urbaine : Importance Des Services Écosystémiques De L’arbre D’alignement En Lien Avec La Mobilité Des Motocyclettes Dans La Ville De Kara Et De Sa Périphérie (Nord-Togo)

The urban environment is an ecosystem in its own right where plants, animals and people find shelter and resources for their development. The tree is an integral part of the daily life of motorcyclists in the city of Kara. The present study aims to show the function and place occupied by the tree in the mobility of motorcycles in the city of Kara and its outskirts. The methodological approach adopted is based on three fundamental axes, in particular documentary research, floristic inventories and socioeconomic surveys. To do this, an interview guide developed for this purpose made it possible to inform a random sample of 259 actors and users of motorcycle taxis and pedestrians aged over 18 years. The Active Method of Participatory Research (MARP) was adopted in order to carry out semi-structured individual interviews or within “focus groups”. The results of the survey revealed more than fifty natural and introduced trees have been identified with which motorcycle users are in direct contact on a daily basis. Then, 52% of the respondents recognized the benefits provided by the presence of these trees in the city.

A Beta Version of an Application Based on Computer Vision for the Assessment of Knee Valgus Angle: A Validity and Reliability Study.

In handball, the kinematics of the frontal plane seem to be one of the most important factors for the development of lower limb injuries. The knee valgus angle is a fundamental axis for injury prevention and is usually measured with 2D systems such as Kinovea software (Version 0.9.4.). Technological advances such as computer vision have the potential to revolutionize sports medicine. However, the validity and reliability of computer vision must be evaluated before using it in clinical practice. The aim of this study was to analyze the test-retest and inter-rater reliability and the concurrent validity of a beta version app based on computer vision for the measurement of knee valgus angle in elite handball athletes. The knee valgus angle of 42 elite handball athletes was measured. A frontal photo during a single-leg squat was taken, and two examiners measured the angle by the beta application based on computer vision at baseline and at one-week follow-up to calculate the test-retest and inter-rater reliability. A third examiner assessed the knee valgus angle using 2D Kinovea software to calculate the concurrent validity. The knee valgus angle in the elite handball athletes was 158.54 ± 5.22°. The test-retest reliability for both examiners was excellent, showing an Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) of 0.859-0.933. The inter-rater reliability showed a moderate ICC: 0.658 (0.354-0.819). The standard error of the measurement with the app was stated between 1.69° and 3.50°, and the minimum detectable change was stated between 4.68° and 9.70°. The concurrent validity was strong r = 0.931; p < 0.001. The computer-based smartphone app showed an excellent test-retest and inter-rater reliability and a strong concurrent validity compared to Kinovea software for the measurement of the knee valgus angle.

Expert Validation of a Python Test, Reliability, Difficulty and Discrimination Indices

In recent years, different countries have implemented the teaching of computer programming from the first grade in schools, with the aim of incorporating computational thinking as a new way of thinking that is a necessary skill for scientific and technological development, a fundamental axis for development in the 21st century. Recent reviews of the state of the art have shown that this task is only being carried out by countries that have given space to technology and science, incorporating it at the elementary school level. However, developing countries do not yet consider the significance of the issue, so to date they have not taken the necessary steps in this direction. In addition, learning computer programming is fundamental for countries to join technological development, so that they can be creators of technology and not just users of it. The problem is that there is no didactic development for the teaching of programming, nor validated evaluation instruments to quantify the learning of computer programming. The objective of this research is to validate a programming test that evaluates technical skills in the Python programming language. The instrument proposed to be validated is a 90-item test, which after validation by experts was reduced to 70 items, and after the psychometric analysis that considered the calculation of reliability, difficulty and discrimination indexes, resulted in the proposed 45-item instrument, as a standard instrument for the evaluation of learning in the Python programming language. It should be noted that the validation methodology was carried out using the classical theory of psychometric analysis.