Public Service Function Research Articles

Navigating urban challenges: Quantifying emergency service accessibility and robustness amid meteorological disasters

The frequent occurrence of meteorological disasters presents a significant challenge to the effective functioning of urban public services. This paper seeks to assess the response capacity of urban emergency services during such disasters by integrating perspectives on accessibility and robustness. Through a case study on emergency medical services (EMS), we develop a framework for evaluating the EMS system in downtown Shanghai under the scenario of typhoon In-Fa. This framework encompasses the calculation of both the accessible area of ambulance vehicles and the accessibility to each resident address. Our findings indicate that under normal conditions, the majority of residential areas in downtown Shanghai can access nearby medical services within 10 min. However, accessibility decreases by 28.85 % and 43.83 % under moderate and severe flooding conditions, respectively. Furthermore, by analyzing changes in the robustness of the service supply network, we identify warning and critical points, offering valuable insights for the formulation of disaster warning and response strategies. This study integrates system-level robustness and address-level accessibility to establish a comprehensive framework for evaluating urban emergency service performance under meteorological disaster scenarios. The proposed approach holds promise for evaluating other types of public services by adapting the framework to account for specific supply and demand dynamics.

INNOVATIVE TRANSFORMATIONS OF THE NATIONAL LEGAL SYSTEM OF UKRAINE AS A CONDITION FOR PARTICIPATION IN EUROPEAN POLICIES

Introduction. The article highlights the essence of the main innovative transformations taking place in the legal system of Ukraine in the context of intensification of the European integration processes from the standpoint of general theoretical analysis. The author focuses on the interrelation between changes in the national legal system of Ukraine and the State's involvement in European policies. Summary of the main results of the study. It is found that deepening of Ukraine's participation in European policies depends on several basic organizational and legal factors: formation of a unique regulatory framework for the implementation of EU legal standards into the system of national legislation of Ukraine, institutional reforms in the system of public authorities, improvement of the contractual framework for the development and deepening of political relations between Ukraine and the united Europe. The author reveals the main clusters of EU law provisions which are currently most implemented in the legal system of Ukraine (customs, food security, veterinary and phytosanitary policy, consumer protection and healthcare, statistics, foreign relations, transport policy, freedom of entrepreneurship and provision of services, financial services, freedom of movement of goods). It is proved that formal and legal support for the "transfer" of many areas of public administration and life in Ukraine to EU standards contributes to the formation of new social practices of their implementation similar to the European ones (functioning of public services, law enforcement and public safety, education and science, health care, etc.) Conclusion. The author substantiates the conclusion that innovative changes in the national legal system of Ukraine determine the degree and depth of our country's participation in European policies. The gradual deepening of involvement of employees of the system of public authorities and local self-government, as well as citizens involved in other spheres of society in the main areas of the EU's functioning, creates a real basis for accelerating Ukraine's accession to the EU. Accordingly, a promising task of legal science is to substantiate the most effective ways of further implementation of legal standards for the regulation of public relations, which are recognised as model ones at the EU level.

Theme Exploration and Sentiment Analysis of Online Reviews of Wuyishan National Park

The study aimed to explore the relationship and interaction between humans and nature in specific areas. Latent Dirichlet allocation topic recognition and SnowNLP sentiment analysis were used to extract the topics and analyze the sentiments from visitors’ online reviews of Wuyishan National Park. The conclusions were as follows: (1) The tourists mainly expressed positive emotions toward Wuyishan National Park, and the tourists acknowledged its ecological environment and natural and cultural heritage value. (2) The tourists’ comments focused on four themes: tourism activities and facilities, natural and cultural heritage value, characteristic tourism products, and tourism management and services. Natural experience was the main tourism activity in Wuyishan National Park, while cultural activities were related to the tea culture. (3) The tourist facilities, ticket and reservation mechanism, and management and services of Wuyishan National Park were the main concerns of the tourists. The study suggested that Wuyishan National Park could be transformed from a tourist destination into a comprehensive national park that provides recreational experiences and environmental education. This should be conducted by (1) developing detailed natural and cultural education and experience products and (2) improving public service functions and enhancing the public welfare of the national park.

New development: Relational public services—reform and research agenda

IMPACT The authors put forward a relational public service agenda which involves investing in infrastructure, focusing on appropriate scaling of change, balancing specialism and generalism in public service roles and functions, and pursuing improvement through engaged research endeavours. This shift requires new thinking, tools and research in terms of measurement, learning and evaluation practice in public service. The authors argue this constitutes a basis for academic public administration to prospectively engage in scholarship which addresses the complex challenges confronting our societies in coming years.

Land Problems and Legal Impact for Agrarian and Spatial Planning Officers

The Ministry of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning/National Land Agency (ATR/BPN) is a government institution with the authority to carry out duties and functions of public services in agrarian, spatial planning and land. The development of land law issues in society has involved many officials from the Ministry of ATR/BPN as implementers of agrarian and land sector functions. The impact is the emergence of a sense of anxiety and worry felt by the Ministry of ATR/BPN officials when carrying out their duties. It is because if the land administration services provided by the Ministry of ATR/BPN are not thorough and careful, there are many gaps in legal violations, not only administrative and civil but also criminal. If the implementer of agrarian and land functions is a Civil Servant (PNS) and becomes a suspect in a legal case, he will be temporarily dismissed. He will not receive income from the Government Regulation on Civil Servant Management. Therefore, the problem that will be studied in this paper is the legal impact of land problems on the implementers of agrarian functions. This study explores the potential legal risks that implementers of agrarian functions can experience amidst the development of problematic land issues. The method used in this study is qualitative with a normative juridical approach. A normative juridical approach examines the legal rules and regulations that apply to answer legal problems. The results are that the administrative services carried out by the Ministry of ATR/BPN cannot be seen solely as part of administrative law. This is because the administrative services carried out can impact a person's legal ownership/civil status. Existing law enforcement instruments differentiate the judicial process for administrative, civil, and criminal violations.

Research on the village layout optimization in China's developed areas based on daily life circles.

Public service facilities are the basic material carrier of social services. It is of great significance for the operation of social justice and the improvement of residents' wellbeing. In the process of rapid urbanization, the demand for traffic convenience and diversity of public service facilities in rural areas has been further improved. Since the sudden outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic, it is more necessary to meet the public service needs of human daily life within a certain space. The huge gap between urban and rural infrastructures, human living conditions, and supporting public services such as education, health, and culture has become a key bottleneck constraining the integration of urban and rural areas. It is appropriate to focus on the requirements for the construction of daily life circles and prioritize the satisfaction of villagers' increasing demand for public services in regions characterized by high levels of urban-rural integration. The behavior preference of public service facilities significantly affects the choice of residential areas. The existing research on village layout optimization focused on the spatial pattern, landscape morphology, influencing factors, and other contents. To some extent, the preference for equalization of public services in the context of urban-rural integration has been ignored. Uneven distribution and low utilization of public service facilities in villages resulted in an inability to adapt spatially and functionally in response to the renewal of urban-rural relations. Taking a highly developed urban and rural integration area named Wuxi City of Jiangsu Province in China as an example, this paper combines the current situation of public service facility allocation and the transport situation of residents in rural areas to build a life-circle system of different levels. On this basis, combined with the optimization goal of public service facilities and the constraints of agglomeration coverage, we try to determine the village layout optimization scheme under the construction of both the daily life circle and location-allocation model. The study can effectively adjust the allocation of public resources in rural areas and solve the problems of irrational village layout leading to long travel distances. It can also serve as a reference for improving the situation of lagging rural public service functions and promoting urban-rural equalization.

Evaluate Human Perception of the Built Environment in the Metro Station Area

Transit-oriented development (TOD) has become a dominant form of spatial planning and land use in large cities internationally. As the intersections of urban space and rail transportation, metro station areas play a key public service function in the lives of city residents. Based on the “5D” index and Node-Place theory in the metro station area, current research on the built environment in metro station areas focuses on improving the economic and transportation efficiency while neglecting public perception of the construction of station space. Sentiments, as an important part of the individual’s perception, are closely related to the built environment. Therefore, this study takes 187 metro stations within the fifth ring road of Beijing, China, as an example and extracts public sentiment information from social media data using a wide range of natural language processing techniques to quantitatively analyze the distribution of the public’s sentiment characteristics (including intensity, polarity, and category) in the metro station area and deeply explores the spatial correlation with the distribution of the objective built environment elements. The study shows that influenced by the spatial design of the metro station, density, land use functions, etc., the sentiment intensity of the station area within the Fifth Ring Road of Beijing is “strong in the east and weak in the west, strong in the north and weak in the south”, and the sentiment polarity has the characteristic of gradually negative from inside to outside in a circular pattern. Synthesizing the sentiment perception in the metro station area, our study further divided the Beijing metro station area into four major categories and eight specific subtypes.

Application and Effectiveness Evaluation of Augmented Reality Technology in History Museum Exhibitions

Abstract In the context of the rapid evolution of science and technology, the integration of reality technologies has become indispensable for the evolution of history museum exhibitions towards digitization, connectivity, and intelligence. This study details the development of a visual-inertial guidance system, leveraging both the Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) and Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) technologies. To construct a mixed reality tour guide system, the Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) feature extraction algorithm and tracking registration technology were employed to enhance the system’s exhibit recognition accuracy and tracking capabilities. Additionally, parallel processing techniques were implemented to accelerate the system’s performance, thereby improving operational efficiency while maintaining accuracy and maximizing the potential of augmented reality interactive functions within the history museum setting. The effectiveness of the system was empirically validated through participant evaluations across three dimensions: task completion, design recognition, and knowledge conveyance. Results indicate that all average scores exceeded 9, with 85% of participants acknowledging the enhanced convenience in knowledge acquisition provided by the technology. Furthermore, the coefficients for the guided tour abstract symbol verification were recorded at -0.007, 0.009, and 0.081, respectively. These findings corroborate that the deployment of an augmented reality interactive system and a mixed reality tour system can significantly expand the public service functions and historical-cultural education offerings of history museum exhibitions while also enriching the sensory experiences of attendees.

BUILDING ADMINISTRATIVE CAPACITY: TACKLING DOMESTIC VIOLENCE AMIDST THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

The implementation of Covid-19 mitigation policies has hindered the effective functioning of public services. During the Covid-19 pandemic, domestic violence cases remained hidden due to victims' limited access to reporting channels, despite the government's efforts in establishing P2TP2A and SEJIWA psychological services. The persistently high incidence of domestic violence prompted Farazmand (2009) to advocate for increasing the state's administrative capacity to confront unforeseen challenges. This article examines Indonesia's approach to addressing domestic violence during the pandemic through Farazmand's Administrative Capacity Building recipe, utilizing a descriptive qualitative methodology with a literature study. The analysis reveals a pressing need for preventive services in Indonesia, such as social marketing and the implementation of artificial intelligence (AI) technology in creating applications that can proactively combat domestic violence, aligning with Farazmand's notion of "anticipatory" administrative capacity.

Optimized Development of Hohhot’s New Public Cultural Space Layout Construction Based on Genetic Algorithm under the Perspective of Urban Renewal

Abstract The rational layout and scientific configuration of public cultural space is an important criterion to measure the public service function of a city, whether it is perfect or not. In this paper, Hohhot Downtown is selected as the research object, and the spatial layout structure of the city is explored using the indicators of expansion intensity, compactness and fractal dimension. A layout optimization method based on a genetic algorithm is proposed to build a spatial layout model, set the spatial layout optimization constraints, complete the genetic algorithm optimization through the optimization coding process, and finally solve the Pareto optimization solution set by using the genetic algorithm of Matlab, which results in the optimization scheme of the new public cultural spatial layout of Hohhot City. The results show that six new public cultural space layout schemes of Hohhot are obtained after optimization, and the six layout scores are in the interval of [0.9, 1.0], all of which are excellent. Decision makers can choose the final layout scheme based on their actual situation and decision preferences.

Smart City Approaches to Public Spaces and Services during and after COVID-19: Case Studies in Four Capital Cities

COVID-19 pandemic was reported to modify people’s behaviour in using public spaces and accessing services. This fact has become a critical input related to future city development strategies, space arrangements, and the implementation of smart city. Therefore, this study aims to 1) Identify efforts in several cities during COVID-19 pandemic, specifically concerning the use of public spaces and services, and 2) Compile the outlines of future urban planning strategies after the pandemic. The aspects related to the use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), space arrangement, and urban environment are discussed. The analysis is based on case studies in four capital cities, namely Jakarta, Paris, Bucharest, and Canberra. Furthermore, field observations and in-depth interviews are used to emphasize changes in the function and use of public spaces and services during and after the pandemic. The result shows that differences and common elements configure the transformations of urban spaces since changes in the use of public spaces are closely connected to efforts to combat the pandemic. Meanwhile, in public services, changes are associated with the increasing use of ICT and Internet of Things (IoT). In the future, cities need to show their visions according to the local conditions supporting better spatial arrangement and management of urban environment due to ICT and IoT prominence.

Realization of the right to civil service at war: the search for a normative model (based on the experience of Ukraine)

Under the conditions of introduction in the country of legal regime of martial law in connection with an external armed aggression against Ukraine, conditions for the implementation of fundamental rights of citizens, including the right to public service, the basis of the implementation of which is regulated by numerous normative legal acts, have changed significantly. The ,,basic” normative model, which regulates bases of realization of the person’s right to public service, formed in Ukraine, including taking into account positive normative experience of foreign countries, orientation on provision of practical implementation of innovative functions of the state in the context of ,,global” European integration vector of its development, is relevant to peaceful conditions and in the context of appearance of ,,external negative factor” for existence of the state has not appeared in full measure capable of providing a possibility for a person to perform the right to public service. Under the conditions of the introduction of the legal regime of martial law, quite appropriate to ensure the relevant foundations of the functioning of public service as a whole, the implementation of a person’s right to public service is normative activity of the state, focused on fixing, in parallel with the existing ,,basic” model for peacetime conditions, ,,alternative” normative model as forced, temporary, justified. The peculiarity of this model lies in the fact that it fixes the possibility of simultaneous implementation of both ,,basic” (for peacetime) and temporary legal prescriptions, the possibility of ,,pause” in the application of ,,basic” legal prescriptions and temporary operation of innovative rules, focused specifically on the period of legal regime of martial law.

IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF PATENT REGISTRATION SERVICES: AN APPLICANT SATISFACTION PERSPECTIVE AT THE DIRECTORATE GENERAL OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY

Introduction/Main Objective: Good governance will create good implementation of public service functions as well. On the other hand, bad governance means that public service functions will not be carried out well. Background of the Problem: researched the influence of the quality of patent registration application services on patent applicant satisfaction with DJKI based on reability, responsive, assurance, emphaty dan tangible. Research gaps/Novelty: This research examines the influence of the quality of patent registration application services on satisfaction of patent applicants at DJKI based on reability, responsive, assurance, emphaty dan tangible. Research Methods: This type of research is quantitative research with a cross sectional approach. This research uses the SPSS application. Finding/Result: There is a positive and insignificant influence between the quality of patent registration application services on patent applicant satisfaction with DJKI based on a reliability p-value > 0.05. There is a positive and significant influence between the quality of patent registration application services on patent applicant satisfaction with DJKI based on responsive, assurance, emphaty dan tangible. Conclusions and implications: This research shows that there are 4 indicators of service quality that influence patent applicant satisfaction with DJKI, so this can be of concern to DJKI to increase patent applicant satisfaction with DJKI.

How to Integrate Development of Digital Collection and Cultural &Tourism Industry to Improve Tourism Experience

In recent years, a growing number of museums have begun to develop their own digital collections. These collections are created through the reimagining and recreation of cultural artifacts by artists and are sold in the form of digital products. In essence, museum digital collections are themselves cultural and creative commodities. However, if consumers fail to appreciate the value of these cultural and creative products, such products may not serve their intended purpose. Through the distribution of on-site questionnaires, this paper examines issues such as limited understanding, low uptake and inadequate cultural immersion surrounding digital collections. Correspondingly, we offer recommendations to enhance the visitors experience, notably targeted marketing, innovative design, expanded applications, varied product development, and preserving certain public properties and service functions.

Community Satisfaction with the SEPEKAN System at Bappeda Service Quality Gresik Regency

Service Quality which is provided by the Regional Development Planning Agency (Bappeda) of Gresik Regency. Service quality is considered a crucial element in carrying out public service functions. This research focuses on analyzing Aspects of quality of service such as reliability, responsiveness, security, empathy, and physical aspects. The research method used is a case study approach with a qualitative approach. Data was obtained through direct observation and interviews with staff and consumers on the SEPEKAN System service at Bappeda and related parties. The data is carefully analyzed to identify the extent of the current quality of service. The results of the study illustrate the general picture of the quality of services provided by Bappeda Gresik Regency including the highest level of importance, namely the X8 attribute regarding the fairness of costs/tariffs in services with a value of 3,708. The dimension of service quality that most affects community satisfaction in the SEPEKAN Bappeda System of Gresik Regency is the dimension of Responsiveness with a gap level of 0.169, which is an attribute of the speed of time in providing services. These findings have important implications for relevant parties in identifying areas of improvement and developing policies to improve the quality of public services in the future. It is hoped that this research can make a positive contribution to efforts to improve better public services in the regions.

Role of State Institutions in Protecting the Environment. Improving Management System of the Public Services

The development and implementation of environmental policy and the application of relevant legislation is an area of public administration responsibility that is important for the protection of the environment. With the growing challenges facing governments around the world, the effective functioning of public services is becoming increasingly important. In the 21stcentury, public services based on a capacity-based approach will be a key competitive advantage for states. The provision of key public services, such as health care, sanitation, electricity and water, is critical to achieving global development goals. The relationship between public administration and ecology includes the role of state institutions in environmental protection and sustainable development, as well as the impact of environmental issues on the effectiveness of public administration. Governments around the world should attach great importance to environmental issues, as environmental problems can seriously affect the well-being of the population and the economy. 

Implementasi Kebijakan Pembangunan Zona Integritas Menuju Wilayah Bebas Korupsi dan Wilayah Birokrasi Bersih Melayani di Pengadilan Negeri Manokwari

Government bureaucracy plays a crucial role in supporting the national administrative system as it is responsible for performing public service functions, empowering communities, and contributing to national development. The bureaucracy in Indonesia currently faces several issues, such as administrative personnel not being entirely clean and accountable, administrative inefficiency, poor quality public services, and quantity falling short of expectations. The objective of this research is to identify and analyze the implementation of the policy on developing integrity zones towards corruption-free areas and clean-serving bureaucracies in the Manokwari District Court. This study utilizes a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. Data collection methods include observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis techniques involve data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The theory used in this research is Edward III's policy implementation model, consisting of four variables: communication, resources, disposition, and bureaucratic structure. The research findings indicate that the development of integrity zones has been implemented in the Manokwari District Court but has not yet received the predicates of a Clean and Serving Bureaucracy (WBK/WBBM). This is due to several obstacles, such as bureaucratic culture and mindset, insufficient human resources, budget limitations, and facilities. Based on these findings, it is recommended that all employees participate in the implementation of bureaucratic reform towards WBK/WBBM and integrity zones in the Manokwari District Court. This effort should be continually maximized, not only to obtain the WBK/WBBM predicates but also as a means to enhance services to justice seekers and eliminate corrupt behavior.

Optimizing the Role of Law Enforcement Officers in Realizing Social Stability

Social stability is an important foundation in the development and welfare of society. In this context, the role of law enforcement officials plays a crucial role in maintaining order, justice and security. This study aims to examine the urgency and impact of optimizing the role of law enforcement officials in realizing social stability. By digging into the literature and analyzing case studies, this research shows that law enforcement officials have a multidimensional role which includes fair law enforcement, crime prevention, social conflict management, and prosecution of organizational crimes and corruption. The optimization of their role has a significant impact on social stability. In the context of crime prevention, this study found that law enforcement officers who are actively present in the field and carry out patrols can prevent criminal acts from occurring. In addition, consistent and fair law enforcement also helps encourage compliance with the law. Law Enforcement Officers are a manifestation of the will of the people, therefore they must pay attention to the interests of the people and carry out the functions of public service and regulation of citizens. One of its functions is to realize social stability for Indonesian citizens. The problems to be discussed in this study are related to optimizing the role of law enforcement officials in realizing social stability. The research method used in this study is a normative research method using a statutory approach and a case approach and will be analyzed using content analysis.

INTRODUCTION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF INTERNAL FINANCIAL CONTROL IN GEORGIA

Aleksandre Mzhvanadze 
 Email:aleksandremzhavanadze@gmail.com
 PhD Student, Batumi Shota Rustaveli State University 
 Batumi, Georgia
 https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4079-8416
 
 Abstract. Reason of research. Raising awareness about financial management and control and timely response to existing challenges.
 Methodology/approach. The methodological basis of the paper is the fundamental research of economic science. Georgian and foreign scientific articles, works and studies are used in the work, the material used in the research is based on the data of the Ministry of Finance of Georgia, the Ministry of Economy and Sustainable Development, and the National Statistics Service. Qualitative and statistical methods, data from international organizations are used in the research, this research is mainly based on information collection, comparison, study and analysis.
 Research tasks. The main tasks and hypotheses of the research can be formulated as follows: the need to introduce the reform was determined not only by Georgia's obligations to the European Union, but also by the potential benefits obtained as a result of its introduction, because the state's internal financial control system ensures the proper functioning of public services and the legal and transparent use of state funds. , economical, efficient and productive disposal.
 Practical value/consequences. The results and conclusions of the research can be used in higher education as a guide material. In addition, it will significantly help the government institutions in the development of the country's economic development course, its adjustment and implementation of specific issues.

Erase The Disciplinary Penalty as A Guarantee For Employees to Remove its Effects

This scientific article presents a comparative analysis of the erasure of disciplinary penalties for public employees in the context of organizational and statutory relationships with the state. The study explores the historical evolution of terminology used in Iraqi legislation, transitioning from "nullification" to "cancellation" in recent years. Despite variations in nomenclature, the essence of erasure remains consistent across legislations. Notably, the researched laws do not offer a legislative definition of erasure, relying instead on legal texts to regulate its application. Furthermore, the study highlights the role of administrative judiciary in handling erasure cases without providing a specific definition. By examining the goals, methods, and implications of erasure provisions, this research contributes valuable insights to the field of public employment law, aiming to foster stability in public utilities and ensure the efficient functioning of public services.
 Highlights:
 
 Historical evolution of terminology in Iraqi legislation.
 Lack of a legislative definition for erasure in researched laws.
 Role of administrative judiciary in handling erasure cases.
 
 Keywords: Erasure, Disciplinary Penalties, Public Employees, Organizational Relationships, Statutory Relationships