Police Functions Research Articles

Percepciones sobre la violencia policial en la Ciudad de México: victimización, control social y percepciones negativas sobre la función policial

The main objective of this research is to analyze the factors associated with the perception of police violence in Mexico City. The proposed analytical model considers negative perceptions of the police function; the risk of victimization, as well as different forms of informal and formal social control among the explanatory factors associated with witnessing police violence in the city. The analytical model was contrasted with data from the 2022 National Survey of Victimization and Perception of Public Safety using a binomial logistic regression analysis. The results indicate that the perception of police violence in Mexico City is associated with the objective risk of victimization, negative perceptions about police performance, as well as neighborhood trust and the implementation of police strategies such as operations and proximity policing.

Police functions: international experience of establishing interaction with citizens and ways of its adaptation in Ukraine

It is indicated that the experience of democratic European countries over the last decade has shown that a key factor in increasing the effectiveness of the police in ensuring security is close interaction with the population, based on a high level of trust. The article examines the international experience of establishing police interaction with citizens and the prospects for its adaptation in Ukraine. Special attention is paid to the study of the Scandinavian model of ensuring public safety during mass events, which is based on the principles of preventive actions, constant communication with participants, effective risk management and a differentiated approach. The analysis shows that the implementation of the Scandinavian model in Ukraine is a complex process that requires an integrated approach. This includes a clear legislative regulation of the status of the “dialogue police”, raising the requirements for personal and professional qualities of the National Police’s leadership team, and improving the staffing system. In addition, the issue of reforming the institution of police service is considered, which is currently characterized by the lack of a clear conceptual vision and the preference for local changes over systemic approaches. To solve this problem, a comprehensive approach is needed, which includes the definition of efficiency criteria, revision of personnel policy, improvement of material and social security, improvement of management and establishment of closer relations between the police and the public. The experience of Eastern European countries shows the prospects for the development of a local model of law enforcement, which allows balancing local autonomy in security matters and integration into the national system. At the same time, there are significant differences in the interaction of local law enforcement with state authorities in different countries. In general, the article emphasizes the need for a comprehensive approach to reforming the police system in Ukraine, taking into account the best European experience. The key is a combination of centralized and decentralized approaches, improvement of personnel policy and establishment of close interaction between the police and the public.

Legal Status of the Military Police in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation

This article examines the legal status and main functions of the military police within the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. The article supports the argument for classifying the military police as law enforcement agencies.

Органы полиции Республики Корея

The article is dedicated to problems of police functioning in the Republic of Korea (the RK, Republic). The author mentions a number of documents that govern the activities of police of the Republic. South Korean police is in the structure of the Ministry of Public Administration and Security. The author analyzes the structure and competence of the National Police Agency. The article presents a detailed analysis of Korean laws on activities of national and autonomous police. The article shows how the state controls police through national and autonomous police committees. It is emphasized that police performs administrative as well as criminal intelligence, surveillance and criminal procedure activities. The author characterizes provisions on the status of police officers. Increased attention is paid to the liability of police officers.

Observations In Police Records And Their Prospection To Tutelas De Derecho In Criminal Proceedings

The main objective of the research was to analyze the normative limits to establish party observations in police records as part of the exercise of the right to defense and its prospection to protect rights in criminal proceedings. The results of the investigation showed that Peru continues to suffer the effects of abusive police activity that generates irreparable damage to the human essence of the people intervened in an abusive manner or without respect for their fundamental rights because they develop within them a criterion of abusiveness and disproportionality in the treatment by the intervening police officers. For this reason, the investigation establishes the importance of the right to write the observations of the detainee or his defense in the police records in order to denounce on the spot the abuses or arbitrariness committed during the proceedings, since, in most cases, there is a nonsense in the exercise of the function and it is established that the detainee refused to sign the report. It was concluded that there are problems related to arbitrariness in the exercise of police functions that are not reported in a timely manner by the victims, generating mistrust against the authorities and public institutions.

Health harms, climate harms and the regenerative potential of policing

ABSTRACT Policing, public health, and climate change are interconnected. Police respond to health harms, from pandemics to mental distress. They also respond to climate harms, such as floods and fires. In combination, changing ‘harmscapes’ – or landscapes of harm – place new demands and strains on policing, but they can also serve as ‘portals’ to new imaginings of policing functions. In this essay, we examine the potential for policing to serve a regenerative function, working not only to protect life, but to act as a glue that binds local harm reduction efforts together and stimulate their growth. We offer examples of two developments aimed at improving the policing of health harms (COVID-19 and mental distress respectively) to illustrate the potential of regenerative policing and distil its nascent features. This essay concludes that intentional efforts to advance regenerative policing should be considered in view of new and compounding harms to planetary and human health.

Pendidikan Hak Asasi Manusia dalam Kurikulum ‘Presisi’: Studi Sekolah Polisi Negara di Sumatera Utara

This article focuses on the Indonesian Police (Polri) efforts in the realization of human rights-based policing, as well as its articulation in the forming education (pendidikan pembentukan/ DIKTUKBA) of Polri, specifically at the State Police School (Sekolah Polisi Negara/SPN) in North Sumatra, established in 1960-s and one of the oldest SPN in Indonesia. Since 2021, Polri has acknowledged and developed the ‘presisi’ curriculum to become a starting point for transformation agenda and, of course, to strive Polri’s obligation in the implementation of human rights values, principles and standards in the police functions. The research applied a qualitative approach with a descriptive design. Data collection was employed using documents, FGD, observations and literature relevant to police and human rights issues. Respondents were selected using a purposive sampling technique. Data validation was carried out by extending observations and triangulation and analyzed using the spiral technique. Human rights-based policing through the DIKTUKBA POLRI level at the SPN Poldasu brings the vision of ‘presisi’ police through the ‘presisi’ curriculum. The ‘presisi’ curriculum offers good ways to achieve the transformation of the Polri. However, the increasingly short training period for the DIKTUKBA POLRI represents a challenge to improve human rights-based policing. The challenges affirm the correlation between human rights and policing in a dynamic police workspace. In this context, the instructors’s capacity must continuously acquire knowledge and experience. Therefore, collaboration and innovation in using learning models and methods such as group learning, problem-solving, discussion, and active involvement of students can be continuously developed.

Training of police actions in emergency situations in war conditions

The article expands the theoretical and practical understanding of the state of civil security in the conditions of war and the problems of systematic purposeful training of police officers on actions in emergency situations, as well as organizational measures to solve them. The purpose of the work is to substantiate the scientific and theoretical foundations and develop practical recommendations for the organization of systematic training of police officers for actions in emergency situations in war conditions. The understanding of the tasks of the National Police during the response and liquidation of the consequences of emergency situations has been improved, it is emphasized that in wartime they perform not only purely law enforcement (police) functions, but also the tasks of civil protection of the population. It is proven that in order to ensure the systematicity of this process, the training of police officers in the specified direction should begin from the moment of their education in institutions of higher education with specific training conditions. Outlined forms of acquisition of theoretical knowledge and/or skills by students (cadets) of higher education institutions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs regarding actions in emergency situations. It was established that systematic and purposeful training of cadets (police officers) on actions in emergency situations (on matters of civil protection), in accordance with the requirements of the current legislation, especially in specialty 081 «Law», as well as at the second (master’s) level of higher education in institutions of higher education education of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine is not happening now. The inclusion in the educational and professional programs for the training of cadets (police) in specialties 081 «Law», 262 «Law enforcement» at the first and second levels of higher education is substantiated by mandatory components of such educational disciplines as «Life safety», «Civil protection», «Pre-medical training», «Planning and management of civil protection measures».

Functional characteristics of police in a modern democratic state

The article discusses the role of police in modern democracies, focusing on their core functions and how to categorize them. It highlights the need to balance public safety with individual rights as law enforcement adapts to societal changes. The author reviews various scholarly perspectives on police functions, tracing how these views have evolved since the Soviet era towards a more democratic approach. The paper examines the legally defined duties of Ukraine’s National Police and how these shape the police’s functional priorities. Emphasizing crime prevention as a key police function in democracies, the author proposes a new classification system for police functions. This system includes five main areas: prevention, protection, crime response, service provision, and information sharing. The article explores «function» as a legal concept, particularly in relation to policing. It notes that police functions stem from and serve to accomplish their assigned tasks. In conclusion, the author offers a new definition of police functions in modern democracies, stressing their transparent, apolitical nature and focus on crime prevention and rights protection.

Police Duties and Functions in Realizing Justice and Legal Certainty Under Police Law No. 2 Of 2002

The National Police of the Republic of Indonesia (Polri) holds a crucial role in upholding security and public order (Kamtibmas) as one of the key state institutions. Governed by Law Number 2 of 2002 concerning the National Police of the Republic of Indonesia, this research aims to scrutinize and assess the duties and functions assigned to the police according to this legislation, with a focus on their ability to achieve justice and legal certainty. Employing normative research methods, this study relies on a literature review as its primary data collection technique. The collected data undergoes analysis through three stages: data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The findings of this research reveal that under Police Law No. 2 of 2002, the functions of the police are outlined in Article 2. These functions encompass maintaining security and public order, law enforcement, protection, and community service, positioning the police as an integral part of state governance. Additionally, Article 13 delineates the primary duties of the police, emphasizing their responsibility in maintaining security and public order, enforcing laws, and offering protection, guidance, and service to the community.

Stabilisation measures on the de-occupied territories: conceptual interpretation, classification, and application features

The publication provides a scientific analysis of the “stabilisation measures” concept which has recently been used to determine the specifics of public authorities and law enforcement agencies' activities on the de-occupied territories of our country. It has been proved that the concept of “stabilisation measures” arose in the course of NATO peacekeeping operations in the Balkans and is primarily associated with law enforcement activities of specially authorised military units capable of performing police functions. According to NATO’s Joint Doctrine (AJP-3.22), stabilisation measures are defined as special activities aimed at strengthening or providing temporary replacement for local police forces to help restore and/or maintain public order and security, the rule of law and the protection of human rights.
 It is emphasised that the understanding of the content of stabilisation measures in national and foreign practice is different. Foreign researchers mainly associate stabilisation measures with law enforcement actions: ensuring public order and security, combating crime, protecting civilians, etc. In our country, a broader interpretation of the term has been formed, which, in addition to purely police measures, includes social, humanitarian, informational, and economic measures that cover the comprehensive restoration and development of the de-occupied territories.
 It is proposed to divide stabilisation measures into general and special ones. The first type is related to the restoration of state power on the de-occupied territory, as well as to ensuring the vital activity of its civilian population. Special stabilisation measures are carried out to prevent sabotage and reconnaissance groups and illegal armed groups from entering the de-occupied territory and committing terrorist acts on infrastructure and communications facilities, ensuring public safety and order, preventing and suppressing crimes and other offences, eliminating the consequences of emergencies, and searching for persons who have committed crimes against the foundations of national security, war crimes and other offences during the occupation of the territory.
 The number of conceptual provisions on the interpretation of the definition, purpose, principles, types and peculiarities of application of stabilisation measures in Ukraine have been formulated.

Police, Victim and Co-victim Interaction: Insights from Australia

Interacting with victims and co-victims of crime and other calls for help are a daily routine for police forces, and there have been many attempts to improve this vital function of policing in modern democratic societies. However, some groups in Australia remain unconvinced by police actions when they report incidents and are suspicious of the response they receive. This article provides insights concerning the way in which the police deal with victims and co-victims in Australia, utilizing a particular focus on high-profile sections of the community. These examples highlight some of the issues; the article concludes by suggesting that policing in Australia needs to be refocused to ensure officers understand the important role victims and co-victims play in reducing and detecting criminality, whilst also supporting the legitimization of the police role.

Разграничение полицейской, прокурорской и судебной функций в ходе предварительного расследования уголовного дела: общие положения

The article discusses doctrinal approaches to distinguishing police, prosecutorial and judicial functions in the pretrial stages of criminal proceedings. Each of these functions implies the implementation by public authorities of relevant powers. Depending on the nature of these powers, some of them can be delegated to other government bodies (primarily executive authorities — the police), delegation of other powers, on the contrary, is not permissible and leads to a distortion of the “system of checks and balances” in the pre-trial stages of criminal proceedings.

Just Police Violence: Liberal ideology and the critique of violence from Walter Benjamin to Black Lives Matter

Abstract Policing is broadly legitimate – even while imperfect and in need of reform. This axiom of liberal political theory and practice is shaken by movements like Black Lives Matter, which confront and expose carceral violence as the routine, deadly edge of racial capitalism. Thinking with abolitionist currents within these movements, this paper engages critical theory to unpick the ideological discourses that legitimise police violence in ‘real existing liberalism’. I argue that justifications of policing replicate the ‘analytic atomism’ and mythologisation of law that Neu’s Just Liberal Violence identifies in defences of sweatshops, torture, and war. I bring together Benjamin’s classic excavation of sovereign power in the policing function with the experiences of today’s policed subjects to reveal the limitations of liberal appeals to ‘the rule of law’. The standard figuration of oppressive violence as exceptional, deviant, and unlawful, I argue, serves to legitimise the institutions in and through which that violence is normalised.

Cortisol, testosterone and psychosocial responses in the assessment of stress in police officers: a brief systematic review of the literature.

Given the nature of their profession, police officers cannot limit their exposure to stress and trauma, and the endocrine system plays a vital role in regulating and preparing the human body. This study aims to identify studies that have studied the behavior of the hormones cortisol and testosterone in their relationship with the physical and psychological performance of police officers and/or in a training/simulation scenario. The systematic review, limited from 2011 to 2022, was carried out according to the PICO and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses research strategy, considering seven articles for the critical analysis (classified based on the modified Physiotherapy Evidence Database scale). Of the seven articles considered, (i) five studies are observational, and two are experimental; (ii) 1,475 police officers participated; (iii) three studies evaluated only male participants, and four studies evaluated both sexes; (iv) most studies include salivary collections for hormonal evaluation and questionnaires for behavioral analysis and psychosocial stress; (v) a study analyses salivary collections for hormonal evaluation in response to decision-making tasks; and (vi) a study analyses blood collections for hormonal evaluation. Although studies with proven validity in the association between the hormones cortisol and testosterone and physiological and psychological are scarce, the scientific evidence is consistent and points to these endocrine markers as reliable in quantifying stress levels and performance of police function.

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The author examines the prospects of creating military police in Ukraine. The differentiation of the functions of the military police from the law enforcement functions of other formations and the military law enforcement service has been conducted. The draft law on the establishment of the military police is analyzed. The author examines regulatory legal acts and provides proposals for amending them in the context of the creation of the military police. It is emphasized that the military police should become a powerful formation for combating crime in the security and defence sector, as well as for preventing disciplinary and administrative offences committed by military personnel. The international experience of military police activities has been presented. It is noted that the activities of the military police must comply with NATO standards. It is determined that the most appropriate way is to create military police within the structure of a military formation with law enforcement functions � the National Guard of Ukraine � in order to comply with the principle of independence and impartiality, as well as taking into account the experience of NATO member states.

Penegakan Kode Etik Profesi Kepolisian

The legal profession is one of the professions that demands the fulfillment of moral values from its development. The main benchmark for being an organizer of the legal profession in enforcing the law lies in the independence of professional organizers and strong moral integrity when facing various problems that are their responsibility. To be a good organizer of the legal profession in carrying out its professional duties in enforcing the law, practitioners who have qualified attitudes, humanitarian attitudes, attitudes of justice, are able to see and place objective values in a case handled, an honest attitude, and have technical skills and ethical maturity. The code of ethics of the legal profession actually functions as an ethical controller for those who carry out the legal profession. With legal professional ethics, it is expected that legal professionals have certain critical individual abilities.The National Police as one of the legal profession that deals directly with the community so that content is needed related to the standards of behavior and actions that are observed, where the Code of Professional Ethics of the National Police of the Republic of Indonesia is basically a guide for all actors of police functions in carrying out their duties in accordance with the laws and regulations in force in their territory contained in POLRI Regulation No. 7 of 2022 concerning the Code of Professional Ethics and Commission on the Code of Ethics of the National Police of the Republic of Indonesia. However, it is undeniable that there are still many violations of the code of ethics that often occur and are committed by police officers which result in low or decreased integrity of the police in the eyes of the public.

Building police capability in child protection in Kenya

BackgroundExisting literature illustrates a high prevalence of child protection issues throughout Kenya. This is adjoined by additional research detailing issues of corruption, cultural rationalization and the potential lack of capability to deal with the problem in existing law enforcement practices.There is no specific research that investigates the establishment or operational function of a child protection department within law enforcement in Kenya. ObjectiveThis study aims to directly address this research gap by exploring the establishment of an overseas initiative to support the development of a child protection function in the National Police Service of Kenya and to analyse the conditions in developing the project. Participants, setting and methodsThe study, which took place in Kenya, consists of n = 15 face to face interviews, comprising of n = 10 Kenyan Police Child Protection Officers, and n = 5 National Crime Agency (NCA) officers who contributed to the development of the unit. The semi-structured interviews were based upon existing literature from developing overseas support and child protection in Kenya. ConclusionThe results evidenced the need to focus in three key areas when building child protection capability overseas to create a successful function; the requirement to tailor context specific understanding of the culture and operating environment, the need to understand the current and potential capabilities within this context, and the importance of obtaining leadership and governance support from appropriate stakeholders both internally and externally. These themes begin to develop a base for the development of international practice for the establishment of overseas child protection policing functions.

Prevention of domestic violence as one of the priority areas of preventive policing: Legal regulations and international experience

The aim of the research was to study the norms of the current Ukrainian and international legislation, the positions of scientists, educational and reference literature, as well as statistical data, to determine the legal position of the National Police as a subject of prevention and countermeasures against families’ victims of violence. In its basic content the article discloses the legal position of the National Police as a subject of prevention and action against domestic violence, performing preventive, police and human rights protection functions. In this context, it was determined that the National Police, as a public authority, implements special measures to prevent and counteract domestic violence, applying, if necessary, administrative coercive measures against offenders. The methodological basis of the research was the comparative legal and systemic analysis, the formal legal method, the method of interpretation, the hermeneutic method, as well as the methods of analysis and synthesis. As a conclusion it is noted that an important aspect of improving the activities of the National Police in Ukraine is to build confidence in the affected families, who are afraid to report the facts of domestic violence for fear of condemnation from the society.

General Police of the Belarusian Provinces State in the Estimates of the Local Higher Administration on the Eve of the January Uprising of 1863

According to the top offi cials of the local administration of the Belarusian provinces the county and city police consisted mostly of incompetent offi cials. If the city police basically coped with their duties, the county police did not perform a number of police functions. Police offi cials got little salaries and were relatively few in number. Corruption phenomena were registered in the general police. The county police were dependent on the local nobility. Those features prevented the rebellion suppression by police forces. During the Polish Uprising of 1863, the government had to make changes in the police structure, but those measures were late in time.