Complex Functions Research Articles

3D active-matrix multimodal sensor arrays for independent detection of pressure and temperature.

Pressure and temperature sensing simultaneously and independently is crucial for creating electronic skin that replicates complex sensory functions of human skin. Thin-film transistor (TFT) arrays with sensors have enabled cross-talk-free spatial sensing. However, the thermal dependence of charge transport in semiconductors has resulted in interference between thermal and pressure stimuli. We develop multimodal sensor arrays based on three-dimensional integration of an active matrix to detect temperature and pressure independently. Our approach includes a calibrated compensation to decouple temperature and pressure signals. An individual pixel device consists of a TFT-based pressure sensor layered above a TFT-based temperature sensor. The detected temperature is used to compensate for the thermal effect on TFT-based pressure sensors. We develop large-area sensor arrays to enable accurate detection of two-dimensional pressure and temperature, leveraging these technologies to demonstrate advanced robotic grippers. The grippers stably grasp and lift a cup regardless of temperature, proving their possibility in skin-like electronic applications.

Computational Reconstruction of the Volatility Term Structure in the General Hull–White Model

Volatility recovery is of paramount importance in contemporary finance. Volatility levels are heavily used in risk and portfolio management. We employ the Hull–White one- and two-factor models to describe the market condition. We computationally recover the volatility term structure as a piecewise-linear function of time. For every maturity, a cost functional, defined as the squared differences between theoretical and market prices, is minimized and the respective linear part is reconstructed. On the last time steps, before each maturity, the derivative price is decomposed in order to make the minimization problem analytically solvable. The procedure works fast since only scalar values are obtained on each minimization. However, the predictor–corrector nature of the algorithm allows for the precise recovery of very complex volatility functions. An implicit scheme is used to solve the PDEs on bounded domains. The computational simulations with artificial and real data show that the proposed algorithm is stable, accurate and efficient.

Lipocalin 2 in Obesity and Diabetes: Insights into Its Role in Energy Metabolism

Background: Lipocalin 2 (LCN2), also known as neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, is a 25 kDa protein involved in immune defense, inflammation, and metabolism. Results: LCN2 is widely expressed across various tissues, including immune cells, bone, adipose tissue, liver, kidneys, lung, spleen, and epithelial cells, and exhibits sex- and fat depot-specific expression patterns. Structurally, LCN2 contains a hydrophobic lipid-binding pocket and glycosylation sites, enabling it to interact with diverse ligands and form dimers. In innate immunity, LCN2 plays a critical role by sequestering iron-laden siderophores, thereby restricting bacterial growth. Beyond its role in infection control, LCN2 is implicated in metabolic inflammation and diseases such as obesity and diabetes. Recent research has highlighted a pivotal role for LCN2 in mitochondrial phospholipid metabolism and mitochondrial function. In metabolic diseases and mitochondrial metabolism, LCN2 appears to display paradoxical effects. While some studies link it to improved insulin sensitivity, glucose regulation, and mitochondrial function, others associate it with insulin resistance, obesity, and mitochondrial dysfunction. These inconsistencies may arise from differences in experimental conditions and study populations. Conclusions: This review provides an up-to-date summary of LCN2’s multifaceted roles in obesity, diabetes, energy balance, and mitochondrial function, emphasizing its context-dependent effects. LCN2 appears to have dual roles, exerting both protective and detrimental outcomes depending on the physiological or pathological context, sex, cell types, and experimental conditions. Further research is necessary to unravel its complex functions and resolve conflicting findings, particularly in metabolic disorders.

Nucleophilic Functionalization of a Cationic Pentaphosphole Complex-A Systematic Study of Reactivity.

The systematic nucleophilic functionalization of the cationic pentaphosphole ligand complex [Cp*Fe(η4-P5Me)][OTf] (A) with group 16/17 nucleophiles is reported. This method represents a highly reliable and versatile strategy for the design of novel transition-metal complexes featuring twofold substituted end-deck cyclo-P5 ligands, bearing unprecedented hetero-element substituents. By the reaction of A with classical group 16 nucleophiles, complexes of the type [Cp*Fe(η4-P5MeE)] (E=OEt (1), OtBu (2), SPh (3), SePh (4)) are obtained. By transferring this protocol to group 17 nucleophiles, the highly sensitive complexes [Cp*FeP5(η4-P5MeX)] (X=F (5), Cl (6), Br (7), I (8)) could be isolated. All products show exclusively 1,1'-substitution at the cyclo-P5 ring. Interestingly, further studies on the reactivity of the halogenated species revealed their ability to undergo ring-opening reactions with cyclic ethers such as THF and ethylene oxide yielding [Cp*FeP5(η4-P5MeOC4H8X)] (X=Br (9), I (10)) or [Cp*FeP5(η4-P5MeOC2H4X)] (X=Br (11), I (12)), respectively. Furthermore, the use of acyclic ethers such as dimethoxyethane led to the formation of [Cp*FeP5(η4-P5MeOC2H4OCH3)] (13) mediated by C-O bond cleavage, followed by subsequent P-O bond formation, as further enlightened by DFT calculations.

Automated polynomial formal verification using generalized binary decision diagram patterns.

With the ongoing digitization, digital circuits have become increasingly present in everyday life. However, as circuits can be faulty, their verification poses a challenging but essential challenge. In contrast to formal verification techniques, simulation techniques fail to fully guarantee the correctness of a circuit. However, due to the exponential complexity of the verification problem, formal verification can fail due to time or space constraints. To overcome this challenge, recently Polynomial Formal Verification (PFV) has been introduced. Here, it has been shown that several circuits and circuit classes can be formally verified in polynomial time and space. In general, these proofs have to be conducted manually, requiring a lot of time. However, in recent research, a method for automated PFV has been proposed, where a proof engine automatically generates human-readable proofs that show the polynomial size of a Binary Decision Diagram (BDD) for a given function. The engine analyses the BDD and finds a pattern, which is then proven by induction. In this article, we formalize the previously presented BDD patterns and propose algorithms for the pattern detection, establishing new possibilities for the automated proof generation for more complex functions. Furthermore, we show an exemplary proof that can be generated using the presented methods.This article is part of the theme issue 'Emerging technologies for future secure computing platforms'.

Association between diffusion tensor imaging measurements and cognitive performances in people with multiple sclerosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Alterations in structural connectivity of brain networks have been linked to complex cognitive functions in people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS). However, a definitive consensus on the optimal diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) markers as indicators of cognitive performance remains incomplete and inconclusive. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to explore the evidence on the correlation between DTI metrics and cognitive functions in PwMS. A comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, and the Web of Science up to March 2024 to identify studies reporting the correlation between DTI metrics and cognitive functions. Cognitive function was assessed using the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT), California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT), and Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised (BVMT-R). The pooled correlation coefficients were estimated using R software version 4.4.0 with the random effect model. Out of 1952 studies, 38 studies on 2055 PwMS fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The meta-analysis indicated that the SDMT exhibited the greatest correlation with corpus callosum fractional anisotropy (FA) (r = 0.54, 95 % CI: 0.4 to 0.66, p-value < 0.001, I2 = 34.1 %, p-heterogeneity = 0.19) and mean diffusivity (MD) (r = -0.48, 95 % CI: 0.61 to -0.33, p-value < 0.001, I2 = 0 %, p-heterogeneity = 0.77), white matter FA (r = 0.39, 95 % CI: 0.24 to 0.52, p-value < 0.001, I2 = 0 %, p-heterogeneity = 0.1), and fornix FA (r = 0.35, 95 % CI: 0.12 to 0.54, p-value = 0.003, I2 = 50.7 %, p-heterogeneity = 0.18) and MD (r = -0.35, 95 % CI: 0.49 to -0.19, p-value < 0.001, I2 = 0 %, p-heterogeneity = 0.5). DTI measurements, including corpus callosum FA and MD, white matter FA, and fornix FA and MD, represent the indicators of cognitive performance in PwMS. Nonetheless, these findings warrant cautious interpretation due to the restricted kinds of cognitive tests and methodological variability across studies.

4D-printed programmable sample-/eluent-actuated solid-phase extraction device for trace metal analysis.

To integrate valves, manifolds, and solid-phase extraction (SPE) columns into a compact device is technically difficult. Four-dimensional printing (4DP) technologies, employing stimuli-responsive materials in three-dimensional printing (3DP), are revolutionizing the fabrication, functionality, and applicability of stimuli-responsive analytical devices that can show time-dependent shape programming to enable more complex geometric designs and functions. However, 4D-printed stimuli-responsive actuators and valves utilized to control flowing streams in SPE applications remain rare. The tunable stimuli-responsive 4D-printed flow control actuators and valves with the capability of the programmable actuation can be used to manipulate flowing streams and simplify the automation of a conventional SPE scheme. We employed digital light processing three-dimensional printing (3DP), bisphenol A ethoxylate dimethacrylate-based photocurable resins, and 2-carboxyethyl acrylate (CEA)-incorporated flexible photocurable resins to fabricate an SPE column positioned between two [H+]-responsive flow-actuated needle valves. The two valves sequentially close after loading an alkaline sample (pH>pKa of CEA) due to swelling of the stem. Subsequently, they sequentially open upon loading an acidic eluent (pH<pKa of CEA; deswelling of the stem). The optimized device enabled a semi-automatic SPE scheme for Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb ions and showed competitive performance when coupled with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry-with the method detection limits ranging from 0.5 to 5.9ngL-1. We validated the reliability and applicability of this method by analyzing the metal ions in reference materials (CASS-4, SLRS-5, 1643f, and Trace Elements Urine L-2) and spike analyses of natural water and human urine samples. To the best of our knowledge, our device is the first demonstration of an SPE scheme performed by the programmable actuation of 4D-printed stimuli-responsive flow control valves, highlighting the analytical applicability of the tunable stimuli-responsive 4D-printed parts and the promising capability of 4DP technologies in advancing conventional sample pretreatment devices.

Interactive infill topology optimisation guided by user drawn patterns

ABSTRACT Widespread use of topology optimisation as a design tool for additive manufacturing faces major inhibiting obstacles, such as high computational costs and complexity, concern for other failure modes, and manufacturability. Interactive infill topology optimisation presents an alternative approach to circumvent some of these barriers. The novel contribution of the present work prompts the user to draw a tailored infill pattern, specify regions of interest to locate the infill, and control how strictly the pattern is replicated in the material layout of the design using appearance constraints. This approach improves engineering metrics not directly included in the optimisation formulation by incorporating the user’s engineering experience, thereby avoiding increased computational costs, parameter tuning, and numerical artifacts associated with complex objective functions and constraints. Two 2D benchmark examples increase the linear buckling resistance and energy absorption, respectively, and a 2.5D example minimises compliance while reducing the quantity of overhang supports for additive manufacturing.

Applications of Fourier Series on Signal processing and Heat conduction

This paper explores the application of the Fourier series in mathematical analysis and its significant impact on scientific fields such as signal processing and heat conduction. The study emphasizes the utility of Fourier series in decomposing complex functions into simpler trigonometric components, which facilitates the analysis of periodic functions. A primary focus is on the series’ role in approximating square waves in signal processing, demonstrating its effectiveness despite challenges like the Gibbs phenomenon. Additionally, the Fourier series is applied to solving the heat equation, where it models the evolution of temperature distribution over time in a medium. Techniques to improve convergence and mitigate oscillations, such as corrected Fourier series and summation methods like Cesàro and Fejér summation, are discussed to enhance the accuracy of approximations in cases with discontinuities. The results underline the Fourier series’ versatility in representing and analyzing both smooth and discontinuous functions, showcasing its importance in theoretical and applied mathematics.

Place of lipid theory in history of study of atherosclerosis

INTRODUCTION: Despite the significant advances in the study of atherosclerosis in recent decades, the diseases associated with it still remain one of the leading problems of modern Western society. In the complicated history of the study of atherosclerosis, various theories have been proposed that attempted to explain its nature from positions of the scientific knowledge of those years. АIM: To analyze the place of lipid disorders in various theories of atherogenesis that have been proposed in different historic periods and have shaped the current understanding of its nature and are the basis for future research. The lipid theory, proposed more than a hundred years ago, is still the basis for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis. Subsequent findings on the role of endothelial dysfunction, on the importance of immune cells and innate immune mechanisms, and the importance of vascular hemodynamic disturbances, have shaped today's understanding of the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, which regards it as a complex chain of immune and metabolic events occurring over many years and involving various cells of the vascular wall and the bloodstream. Much of the data on the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis obtained to date have no therapeutic application and are promising areas for future research. CONCLUSION: The lipid theory of atherogenesis has passed a complicated way from understanding the role of lipids as a simple substrate for development of atherosclerosis to the fact of their performing complex immune and metabolic functions and being an important diagnostic and therapeutic target.

An Expanded Registry of Candidate cis-Regulatory Elements for Studying Transcriptional Regulation.

Mammalian genomes contain millions of regulatory elements that control the complex patterns of gene expression. Previously, The ENCODE consortium mapped biochemical signals across many cell types and tissues and integrated these data to develop a Registry of 0.9 million human and 300 thousand mouse candidate cis-Regulatory Elements (cCREs) annotated with potential functions1. We have expanded the Registry to include 2.35 million human and 927 thousand mouse cCREs, leveraging new ENCODE datasets and enhanced computational methods. This expanded Registry covers hundreds of unique cell and tissue types, providing a comprehensive understanding of gene regulation. Functional characterization data from assays like STARR-seq, MPRA, CRISPR perturbation, and transgenic mouse assays now cover over 90% of human cCREs, revealing complex regulatory functions. We identified thousands of novel silencer cCREs and demonstrated their dual enhancer/silencer roles in different cellular contexts. Integrating the Registry with other ENCODE annotations facilitates genetic variation interpretation and trait-associated gene identification, exemplified by discovering KLF1 as a novel causal gene for red blood cell traits. This expanded Registry is a valuable resource for studying the regulatory genome and its impact on health and disease.

Взаимосвязь критериев эффективности и экономической безопасности на мезоуровне (на примере рыбохозяйственного комплекса Приморского края)

The task of ensuring the economic security of the fisheries complex is one of the priorities both at the state level and at the regional level. The fisheries sector not only contributes to the formation of GDP and provides the budget with a significant share of tax revenues, but also plays a key role in ensuring the country's food security. The purpose of the study is to determine the relationship and grouping of key performance indicators of the industry in order to monitor the economic security of the fisheries complex. The significance of the work lies in the critical analysis of the author's approaches to assessing the economic security of the fisheries complex based on literature data and in using the results obtained to identify the most appropriate criteria for meso-level research. The following methods were used in writing the work: the analysis method, the method of tabular presentation of information and its graphical interpretation, content analysis, and the grouping method. The information base of the study was made up of the regulatory and legislative framework governing issues and standards of functioning of the fisheries complex; statistical data from official sources. The results of the study: – a pool of "stimulating" and "discouraging" factors in ensuring the economic security of the fisheries complex has been identified; – the relationship between the indicators of efficiency and economic security of the fisheries complex has been established; – an assessment of the efficiency indicators of the Primorsky Territory's fisheries complex over a number of years has been carried out to determine the level of ensuring its economic security; – ways to strengthen the economic security of the Primorsky Territory's fisheries complex are proposed. The results obtained by the authors will make it possible to determine priority directions for improving the level of economic security of the fisheries complex for its sustainable development, as well as ensuring food security of the region and the country. The results of the research will be significant for municipal governments, managers, and financial managers of fisheries management structures.

Protocol for measuring the benefits of exergames on executive functions under depression through a randomized multi-arm controlled experiment

Depression is characterized by affective symptoms and neuropsychological deficits. After treatment, affective symptoms frequently remit, but cognitive alterations may remain affecting the lives of people and having an impact on health, economy, and societies. The present work describes the methods, procedures, and equipment for a randomized three-arm controlled experiment designed to measure the effects of exergames on executive functions (EFs) under depression. EFs are complex cognitive functions that are essential for organizing information, planning an action, reasoning, decision-making, and problem-solving. Literature shows that EFs are compromised in depression, affecting daily-life activities and other cognitive domains. To conduct the experiment, depressed middle-aged adults will be randomly distributed into three experimental groups: an intervention group training with exergames, an active control group training only with cognitive video games, and a passive control group or wait-list. EFs are evaluated at three different time points: pre-post intervention, and three months follow-up, using the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST). Researchers will collect cognitive-behavioral and neural information [event-related potentials (ERPs)]. Results will be explored by performing analysis of variance to compare the outcomes of the diverse groups at the three different time points, understanding the benefits of exergames in terms of EFs under depression. The study of simultaneous multidomain interventions in depression holds promise for the development of novel approaches, to implementing psychological and neuropsychological health [this experiment is part of a registered clinical trial entitled “MUDgame” (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT06536530). Registered on August 2024, https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06536530].

Lab-on-a-Chip Devices for Nucleic Acid Analysis in Food Safety.

Lab-on-a-chip (LOC) devices have been developed for nucleic acid analysis by integrating complex laboratory functions onto a miniaturized chip, enabling rapid, cost-effective, and highly sensitive on-site testing. This review examines the application of LOC technology in food safety, specifically in the context of nucleic acid-based analyses for detecting pathogens and contaminants. We focus on microfluidic-based LOC devices that optimize nucleic acid extraction and purification on the chip or amplification and detection processes based on isothermal amplification and polymerase chain reaction. We also explore advancements in integrated LOC devices that combine nucleic acid extraction, amplification, and detection processes within a single chip to minimize sample preparation time and enhance testing accuracy. The review concludes with insights into future trends, particularly the development of portable LOC technologies for rapid and efficient nucleic acid testing in food safety.

A quantitative study to evaluate the controls and accountability measures in place to alleviate the leadership and governance challenges impacting the realization of the National Health Insurance (NHI) in South Africa

ObjectivesGovernance and leadership are regarded as the most crucial aspects in delivering quality health care, and yet they are arguably the most complex functions of any health system. The objective of the study was to investigate the structural problems affecting the implementation of the National Health Insurance (NHI) and address the challenges affecting the NHI building blocks. Further objective of the study was to evaluate if there were appropriate controls and accountability measures in leadership and governance to inform the development of a workable model for the implementation of the NHI in South Africa.DesignA quantitative study was undertaken to interrogate the structural problems affecting the implementation of the NHI by seeking to address the challenges affecting the NHI building blocks.Setting and participantsThe study was undertaken with participants who are decision-makers and/or contribute to the health sector reforms in South Africa in the realization of the NHI.Main outcomeThe main outcome of the study was to determine the requisite interventions to deal with challenges that affect governance and/or leadership functions in the implementation of the NHI.MethodsThe questionnaire was distributed via SurveyMonkey over a period of 2 months, and the data were analysed using R Statistical computing software of the R Core Team, 2020, version 3.6.3. The results were presented in the form of descriptive and inferential statistics.ResultsThe study found that the success to implement NHI needs to be supported by clarity and commitment to specific policy fundamentals aimed at improving efficiency, stakeholder participation, and accountability. This imperative remains very much in doubt since the different occupations hold different views about the progress made in the implementation of the NHI across the governance and leadership functions.ConclusionsThe study confirmed the interrelatedness of the subthemes identified for the governance and leadership construct and pointed to the importance of sharpening policy development and implementation approaches in collaboration with all relevant stakeholders.Protocol registrationThe Ethics approval reference number is HSSREC 00002565/2021.

Restructuring a Complex Genetic Function on Episomal Vectors in Escherichia coli.

Genetic functions have evolved over long timescales and can be encoded by multiple genes dispersed in different locations in genomes, and although contemporary molecular biology enables control over single genes, more complex genetic functions remain challenging. Here, we study the restructuring and mobilization of a complex genetic function encoded by 10 genes, originally expressed from four operons and two loci on the Escherichia coli genome. We observe subtle phenotypic differences and reduced fitness when expressed from episomal DNA and demonstrate that mutations in the transcriptional machinery are necessary for successful implementation in different bacteria. The work provides new approaches for advanced genome editing and constitutes a first step toward modularization and genome-level engineering of complex genetic functions.

The Effect of Gut Microbiome, Neurotransmitters, and Digital Insights in Autism

Background: Autism spectrum disorder is a multifactorial phenomenon whose genetic, biological, environmental, and nutritional factors outline the heterogeneous phenotype of the disease. A limitation in social connections with others, stereotyped reactions, and specific interests and preferences characterize the behavioral manifestations of a person with autism. Also, weaknesses are found in emotional, cognitive, and metacognitive development, significantly burdening the individual’s quality of life. Lately, it has gained widespread acceptance that the gut microbiome and neurotransmission constitute two decisive etiological factors of autism both in the prenatal period and postnatally. This study aims to investigate data on the interaction between the quantitative and qualitative composition of the gut flora and neurotransmission in humans, as well as their influences on the appearance and progression of the symptoms of autism spectrum disorder. At the same time, it captures the role of digital technology in diagnosing and intervening in autism, which is mainly related to the individual subjects under study. Methods: The current research employs an exploratory review to provide a concise overview of the complex neuronal functions associated with neurotransmitter action and the homeostasis mechanisms that allow the brain and the human body to survive and perform optimally. Results: A review of 111 sources highlighted the connection of dietary habits with synthesizing and releasing neurotransmitters and their influence on the emergence of autism-related behaviors. Conclusions: The literature review’s findings revealed the importance and influence of nutritional factors on neurotransmission performance and behavioral, social, and cognitive development among individuals with autism. Moreover, it is noteworthy that combining a healthy lifestyle and the targeted use of digital tools can improve the intensity of autism symptoms.

Highly Stretchable 3D Microelectrode Array for Noninvasive Functional Evaluation of Cardiac Spheroids and Midbrain Organoids.

Organoids are 3D biological models that recapitulate the complex structures and functions of human organs. Despite the rapid growth in the generation of organoids, in vitro assay tools are still limited to 2D forms. Thus, a comprehensive and continuous functional evaluation of the electrogenic organoids remains a challenge. Here, a highly stretchable 3D multielectrode array (sMEA) with protruding microelectrodes is presented for functional evaluation of electrogenic organoids. The optimized serpentine structures with bridge structures cover the surface of the organoids conformally even in immersion. The protruding microelectrodes form a stable contact with the organoids and allow electrophysiological recordings with high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). sMEAs are fabricated in wafer-scale for repeatable, scalable, and mass production and packed into an easy-to-use, user-friendly, and robust microwell for fast dissemination of technology. The versatility of sMEA is validated by measuring electrophysiological signals from cardiac spheroids and midbrain organoids with a wide range of sizes from 500 to 1500µm. Also, electrophysiological signals recorded with high SNR enable functional evaluation of the effects of drugs. The proposed sMEA with high SNR and user-friendly interface could be the key player in high-throughput drug screening, 3D spatiotemporal mapping of electrogenic organoids, and standardization of protocols for quality assessment.

Associations of Coffee and Tea Consumption on Neural Network Connectivity: Unveiling the Role of Genetic Factors in Alzheimer's Disease Risk.

Coffee and tea are widely consumed beverages, but their long-term effects on cognitive function and aging remain largely unexplored. Lifestyle interventions, particularly dietary habits, offer promising strategies for enhancing cognitive performance and preventing cognitive decline. This study utilized data from the UK Biobank cohort (n = 12,025) to examine the associations between filtered coffee, green tea, and standard tea consumption and neural network functional connectivity across seven resting-state networks. We focused on networks spanning prefrontal and occipital areas that are linked to complex cognitive and behavioral functions. Linear mixed models were used to assess the main effects of coffee and tea consumption, as well as their interactions with Apolipoprotein E (APOE) genetic risk-the strongest genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Higher filtered coffee consumption was associated with increased functional connectivity in several networks, including Motor Execution, Sensorimotor, Fronto-Cingular, and a Prefrontal + 'What' Pathway Network. Similarly, greater green tea intake was associated with enhanced connectivity in the Extrastriate Visual and Primary Visual Networks. In contrast, higher standard tea consumption was linked to reduced connectivity in networks such as Memory Consolidation, Motor Execution, Fronto-Cingular, and the "What" Pathway + Prefrontal Network. The APOE4 genotype and family history of AD influenced the relationship between coffee intake and connectivity in the Memory Consolidation Network. Additionally, the APOE4 genotype modified the association between standard tea consumption and connectivity in the Sensorimotor Network. The distinct patterns of association between coffee, green tea, and standard tea consumption and resting-state brain activity may provide insights into AD-related brain changes. The APOE4 genotype, in particular, appears to play a significant role in modulating these relationships. These findings enhance our knowledge of how commonly consumed beverages may influence cognitive function and potentially AD risk among older adults.

A Multi-Strategy Improved Honey Badger Algorithm for Engineering Design Problems

A multi-strategy improved honey badger algorithm (MIHBA) is proposed to address the problem that the honey badger algorithm may fall into local optimum and premature convergence when dealing with complex optimization problems. By introducing Halton sequences to initialize the population, the diversity of the population is enhanced, and premature convergence is effectively avoided. The dynamic density factor of water waves is added to improve the search efficiency of the algorithm in the solution space. Lens opposition learning based on the principle of lens imaging is also introduced to enhance the ability of the algorithm to get rid of local optimums. MIHBA achieves the best ranking in 23 test functions and 4 engineering design problems. The improvement of this paper improves the convergence speed and accuracy of the algorithm, enhances the adaptability and solving ability of the algorithm to complex functions, and provides new ideas for solving complex engineering design problems.