Function Of Respiratory System Research Articles

Terminological subset of the International Classification for Nursing Practice for patients hospitalized due to burns.

To develop a proposal of a terminological subset of the International Classification for Nursing Practice for burned patients. This is a methodological study following the steps: identification of clinical findings; mapping of terms; construction of statements of diagnoses/results and nursing interventions; content validation of statements; and structuring of the subset with the theoretical model of Basic Human Needs. Content validation was performed by 26 specialist nurses, through the Content Validity Index, with statements ≥ 0.80 being considered validated. A total of 36 diagnoses/results and 119 interventions were validated. Among these, the ones with the highest index were: Respiratory System Function, Impaired/Respiratory System Function, Effective; Volume of Fluids, Impaired/Volume of Fluids, Effective; Burn Wound/Wound Healing, Effective; Pain, Acute/Pain, Absent, and as interventions: To Monitor Vital Signs; to Monitor Fluid Balance; to Treat Skin Condition; to Assess Response to Pain Management (Control). The validated statements depict the burned people basic human needs, with the psychobiological ones being the most prevalent.

Peculiarities of respiratory functions in qualified swimmers exposed to multidirectional physical loads

The peculiarities of the swimmers’ respiratory system response to a special physical load were studied. The swimmers of high sports qualification aged 16–18 years old, who specialize in swimming at distances of various lengths, underwent the examination. At the first stage, we used exercises aimed at enhancing the anaerobic work power in swimming. At the second stage, the parameters of the swimmers’ respiratory system response to the load in aerobic and anaerobic zone were studied. At the third stage of the study, the changes of the swimmers’ respiratory functions under physical loads at the level of MOC (maximum oxygen consumption) were researched. The investigation of respiratory system functions of stayer swimmers was conducted with the use of a Spirolab-3 spirometer (spirograph). We found that the recovery of qualified swimmers can be activated when aerobic and anaerobic mechanisms of energy metabolism are combined. The results of the study confirm that the swimmers’ respiratory functions influence the processes of recovery of their working capacity after being exposed to multidirectional physical loads. The sprinters’ anaerobic mechanisms of muscle function are better developed. The stayers’ aerobic mechanisms of energy metabolism function better. In order to activate the recovery of qualified swimmers, it is advisable to combine aerobic and anaerobic mechanisms of energy metabolism.

The relationship between heart rate inflection point and lactate recovery and lung function in healthy adults at the Plateau

Objective: To explore the relationship between heart rate deflection point (HRDP) and blood lactate recovery ability and lung function of healthy people aged 20～40 years old in a plateau environment of 3 200 m. Methods: 225 healthy people aged 20～40 who lived on a plateau of 3 200 m were used as the research subjects. The HRDP strength, heart rate recovery ability and blood lactate recovery ability were evaluated by the changes of heart rate and blood lactate recovery before, during and after the modified Conconi test. Results: ①The heart rate of the subjects increased with the increase in exercise intensity, and the heart rate of the recovery period after exercise showed a downward trend, the rate of Conconi test center was significantly lower in male than that in female(P＜ 0.05). At the same age, male HRDP appeared later, and female HRDP appeared earlier. At the same sex stage, the time of HRDP appeared earlier in the male group with increasing age, while the phenomenon in the female group was not significant. HRDP speed had a downward trend with age. ②The inflection point concentration of blood lactic acid in the subjects gradually decreased with age, but there was no significant difference between the low-age group and the high-age group; the blood lactic acid level in the Conconi test of healthy adult males living on the plateau was significantly lower than that of females(P＜0.05). ③FVC, MVV, FEV1 and FEV1/FVC levels in each gender group showed a downward trend with age, and the data of the male group and above were significantly higher than the female group of the same age (P＜0.05). ④Load-Heart Rate curve and Heart Rate-Blood Lactate fitting curve showed that the correlation coefficients of the male group were 0.8345, 0.8954, 0.8680, and 0.8892 in sequence; the correlation coefficients of the female group were in sequence 0.9318, 0.9661, 0.9663 and 0.9599. HRDP values of all genders and age groups were significantly correlated with their MVV levels (P＜0.05). Except for subjects 36～40 years old in the male group, lung function and lactate elimination rate of all genders and age groups were also significantly correlated (P＜0.05). Conclusion: There are age and gender differences in exercise heart rate response rules and respiratory system functions of healthy people aged 20～40 years old living on 3 200 m plateau. There is a significant correlation between HRDP and lactic acid recovery capacity and lung function. The above indicators can be used to assess the aerobic exercise endurance ability of healthy adults living on plateau.

Ефективність засобів фізичної терапії в корекції ознак дисфункції дихальної системи у жінок з абдомінальним ожирінням

Respiratory disorders in obesity occur even in the absence of bronchopulmonary pathology, and in their presence, an excess of adipose tissue worsens the prognosis of the disease. Obese people have a high risk of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, hypoventilation syndrome, bronchial hyperreactivity, pneumonia, pulmonary hypertension. The purpose of the study was to determine the effectiveness of using physical therapy in the correction of signs of respiratory system dysfunction in women with abdominal obesity. Material and methods. The study involved 172 women with abdominal obesity of I-III degrees, diagnosed by body mass index and the ratio of waist and hip circumferences. According to the results of the definition of the rehabilitation (therapeutic) alliance, they were divided into two groups. The comparison group consisted of women with a low level of alliance that refused to actively participate in the program of weight loss. The main group consisted of women with a high level of alliance; they underwent a one-year correction program using nutritional modification, increased physical activity, lymphatic drainage, psychocorrection, and elements of respiratory physical therapy. The control group consisted of 32 women with normal body weight. Subjective state, dyspnea intensity, pulsоoximetry and spirometry parameters were studied. Results and discussion. We revealed the respiratory system dysfunction in women with abdominal obesity: subjective signs of impaired respiratory function, a decrease in arterial blood oxygenation, and a decrease in spirometry volumes. Their content and severity were proportional to the severity of obesity. Using respiratory therapy elements in the program of complex physical therapy aimed at reducing body weight let us normalize the studied parameters of the respiratory system function in women of the main group. The low level of the rehabilitation alliance of women in the comparison group led to unsatisfactory implementation of the recommendations provided and was associated with a lack of rehabilitation effect. Improvement in the state of the bronchopulmonary system in women with abdominal obesity is justified both by primary changes in the respiratory system – an increase in spirometry volumes and reserves, improved blood oxygenation, and indirectly – by an increase in the range of motion of the diaphragm, a decrease in the amount of visceral fat and general fitness, which is confirmed by the leveling of signs of restrictive and mixed respiratory failure. Conclusion. It is advisable to include the elements of respiratory rehabilitation in the programs for restoring the health of women with abdominal obesity

A STUDY ON INFLUENCE OF CLASSICAL INDIAN DANCE PRACTICE ON CARDIO – RESPIRATORY WELL BEING

Dance is a Rhythmic form of exercise. It involves slow to intense kinetic footwork, swaying hand gestures and subtle eye - facial expressions. It activates skeletal muscles, stimulates functioning of smooth muscles and enhances the contractility of cardiac muscles. Along with this dance practice also alters breathing mechanism with reference to enhancement of vital capacity. Thus, dancing regularly helps the overall functionality of Cardio – Respiratory system which changes the individual’s wellbeing. The following study analyses the mode of action of dancing over the system of the internal body and explains the same with Physical and subjective parameters. Regular dancing helps an individual in betterment of functions of cardiac and respiratory system.

Peak Expiration Flow Prediction Value In The Elderly With The Tai Chi Training

Introduction: With increasing age, the elderly is more vulnerable to various physical disorders. One of them is a decrease in respiratory system function due to decreased respiratory muscle mass. Tai Chi training can be used as a health facility to maintain an excellent respiratory system. Purpose: Find out the difference between peak expiration flow prediction values in the elderly who do and do not participate in Tai Chi training. Method: This research used an observational analytic method with a cross-sectional design and used purposive sampling technique. The sample of this research was the elderly aged 6075 years who meet the inclusion criteria APE measurements were carried out three times, and the highest value was taken. Data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney test with a computer program. Results: The data showed that APE value in the elderly who participated in Tai Chi training was 319.3 ± 91.42 while the elderly who did not take Tai Chi training was 265.6 ± 67.04. Statistical test results showed significant difference Conclusion: Based on Mann Whitney's statistical calculations, it can be seen that the significance value or p-value is 0.036 <0.05. It means that there is a significant difference in the average predicted value of peak expiratory flow between elderly who take Tai Chi training with elderly who do not take Tai Chi training, where APE in the elderly who practice Tai Chi is greater than the elderly who do not practice Tai Chi.

Yenidoğanın Doğum Odasında Aspirasyon İlkelerinde Güncel Yaklaşımlar; Ebelerin Rol ve Sorumlulukları

Neonatatal mortalite istatistikleri incelendiğinde, önemli bir bölümünün yaşamın ilk günü meydana geldiği görülmektedir. Bu durum yenidoğanın doğum odasındaki bakım ve izleminin ne kadar önemli olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Doğum odasında yenidoğanlara yapılan uygulamalar arasında yer alan aspirasyon işlemi yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Aspirasyon işlemine bağlı solunum ve dolaşım sisteminin çalışmasını olumsuz etkileyen birçok komplikasyon gelişebilmektedir. Bu açıdan yenidoğanda dikkatli uygulanması gereken bir girişimdir. Yıllar içerisinde yenidoğanlara doğum odasında yaklaşım uygulamaları değişiklik göstermiştir. Yenidoğan bakımına yön veren Dünya Sağlık Örgütü, Türk Neonatoloji Derneği, Amerikan Kalp Derneği ve Uluslararası Resüsitasyon Komitesi’nin güncel önerileri incelendiğinde, yenidoğanlara rutin aspirasyon işlemi önerilmemektedir. Ebelerin görev ve sorumlulukları arasında yenidoğanın ilk bakım ve muayenesi ve gerektiğinde acil resüsitasyon gerçekleştirmesi de yer almaktadır. Bu durum ebelerin yenidoğanın aspirasyon işleminde anahtar role sahip olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu açıdan ebelerin yenidoğanda aspirasyon ilkeleri hakkında ayrıntılı bilgi sahibi olması ve konuyla ilgili güncel yaklaşımları bilmesi önemli bir konudur. Aspirasyon yenidoğanlara doğum odasında oro-nazofarenks, endotrakeal ve mide içeriği aspirasyonu yöntemlerinde uygulanmakta ve ebelik bakımında önemli yer tutmaktadır. Bu makalede, yenidoğanın doğum odasında aspirasyon ilkelerinde güncel yaklaşımlar ve ebelerin rol ve sorumlulukları literatür bilgisi kapsamında derlenmiştir.

Role of Rasayana in Prevention of COVID-19 - A Review

The “Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19)” is caused by “Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)”, a newly discovered member of the Coronaviridae family of viruses which is a highly communicable. There is no effective medical treatment till date for Coronavirus disease hence prevention is the best way to keep disease away. Rasayana proved to be highly efficacious and cost effective for the Prevention and Control of viral infections when vaccines and standard therapies are lacking. Rasayana Chikitsa is one of the eight branches of Ashtanga Ayurveda which helps to maintain healthy life style. Rasayana improves immunity and performs many vital functions of human body. Vyadhikshamatva that is immune mechanism of the body is involved in Prevention of the occurrence of a new disease and it also decreases the virulence and progression of an existing disease. In COVID-19 the Respiratory system mainly get affected which is evident from its symptoms like cold, cough and breathlessness. Here the drugs help in enhancing immune system and strengthening functions of Respiratory system can be useful. For this purpose, the Rasayana like Chyavanprasha, Agastya Haritaki, Pippali Rasayana, Guduchi, Yashtimadhu, Haridra, Ashwagandha, Tulsi are used. Rasayana working on Respiratory system are best for Prevention of Coronavirus and boosting immune system. Rasayana Chikitsa can be effective in the Prevention as well as reducing symptoms of COVID-19.

Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Conditioned Medium Rescues LPS-Impaired ENaC Activity in Mouse Trachea via WNK4 Pathway.

Airway epithelium plays an essential role in maintaining the homeostasis and function of respiratory system as the first line of host defense. Of note, epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) is one of the victims of LPS-induced airway injury. Regarding the great promise held by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for regenerative medicine in the field of airway injury and the limitations of cell-based MSCs therapy, we focused on the therapeutic effect of MSCs conditioned medium (MSCs-CM) on the ENaC activity in mouse tracheal epithelial cells. Ussing chamber apparatus was applied to record the short-circuit currents in primary cultured mouse tracheal epithelial cells, which reflects the ENaC activity. Expressions of α and γ ENaC were measured at the protein and mRNA levels by western blot and real-time PCR, respectively. The expression of with-no-lysinekinase- 4 (WNK4) and ERK1/2 were measured at protein levels, and the relationship between WNK4 and ERK1/2 was determined by WNK4 knockdown. MSCs-CM restored the LPS-impaired ENaC activity, as well as enhanced the mRNA and protein expressions of ENaC in primary cultured mouse tracheal epithelial cells. Meanwhile, WNK4 and ERK1/2, both negative-regulators of ENaC, were suppressed accordingly after the administration of MSCs-CM in LPS-induced airway injury. After WNK4 gene was knocked down by siRNA, the level of ERK1/2 phosphorylation decreased. In light of the key role of ENaC in fluid reabsorption and the beneficial effects of MSCs-CM in the injury of airway epithelium, our results suggest that MSCs-CM is effective in alleviating LPS-induced ENaC dysfunction through WNK4-ERK1/2 pathway, which will provide a potent direction for the therapy of airway injury.

Studying the functional state of muscular and respiratory systems of technological university students

The article examines and evaluates the functional state of the muscular and respiratory systems of Cherkasy State Technological University students during the first three years of study. Theoretical methods (analysis and thorough review of scientific literature), instrumental methods (wrist dynamometry, spirometry), methods of mathematical data processing are used during the research. Assessment of the indicators of the functional state of the muscular system is based on the indicators of muscle strength and strength index; the respiratory system is investigated by comparing the actual indicators of vital capacity of the lungs with the supposed standards, as well as by evaluating the indicators of the respiratory index with the average rate. The results of research reveal that the muscular strength of the male students within the period from the first to the third year of study is slightly increasing, whereas the female students` relevant indicators are not changing. Another indicator of the functional state of the muscular system is that the strength index of most male students correlates with the norm during the first three years of study, and with each passing year the share of males lagging behind this norm is also decreasing. The strength index within the female group during the same period occurs to be lower than the standard indicators and is not increasing. The vital capacity of the lungs in both male and female groups generally meets the age standards, though being slightly lower than the proper ones. The average values of the males` respiratory index correlate only with the lower limits of the norm, while the values of the females` index turn to be below the average norm. The share of students with reduced values of this indicator is 41,9% for males and 52,3% for females. The results obtained should be evaluated as a sign of reduced functionality of respiratory system of the students examined. These data are considered to be the evidence of insufficient students` motor activity, that makes it possible to use these results for elaborating programs for physical training to improve the functional state of university students within the period of study.

Management and experience of postural placement in postoperative mechanical ventilation of newborns

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a neonatal condition that mainly occurs when the abdominal organs herniate into the thorax, obstructing the development of the lungs. Postoperative neonatal breathing disorder is one of the main causes of neonatal death. This study summarizes the postoperative nursing status of 30 cases of neonatal CDH in our hospital, and explores the effect of body position in mechanical ventilation care following CDH surgery. A total of 30 CHD children admitted in our hospital between June, 2018 and October, 2019 were included. The neonates were divided into preterm infant group (n=15) and full-term infant group (n=15). Each child was immediately transferred to the newborn intensive care unit (NICU) ward after surgery and received the hospital's NCIU special care. Besides routine nursing, each child was placed in a randomly selected primary position (the prone position or supine position). After 30 min, their oxygenation indexes were measured, and then their position (prone position or supine position) was changed. After 30 min, the neonates' oxygenation indicators were measured again. A hospital-made satisfaction questionnaire was used to evaluate the parents' satisfaction with nursing care. Two children died of respiratory failure (one in the preterm group and one in the full-term group), and the rest were in a stable condition after surgery. There was no significant difference between the rates of parent satisfaction in the two groups (preterm infant group: 96.67% verse full-term group: 93.33%, P>0.05). In both groups, the partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood (PaO2), partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood/fraction of inspiration O2 (PaO2/FiO2), and partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood/partial pressure of oxygen in the alveolar gas (PaO2/PAO2) in prone position were significantly higher than those in supine position (P<0.05); the alveolar-arterial oxygen difference (A-aDO2) was significantly lower than that in the supine position (0.05). The prone position can improve the oxygenation index of children after surgery, and improve their respiratory system function. This method is suitable for newborn postoperative NICU care.

Medical Sports Rehabilitation Deep Learning System of Sports Injury Based on MRI Image Analysis

Medical sports rehabilitation deep learning system of sports injury based on MRI image analysis is proposed in this paper. Preparation activities are various body exercises that are purposely performed before physical education, training, and competition. It is a transitional phase from the static state to the moving state of the human body. Preparatory activities can improve the excitability of the central nervous system, improve the ability of the cerebral cortex to analyze and judge movements, and thus make the movement more coordinated and accurate. At the same time prepare activity can also improve the respiratory and circulatory system functions and reduce the muscles, ligaments of the sticky nature and the contraction of muscles for speed and strength, in order to maximize the capacity of the physical movement and injury prevention campaign ready. Therefore, how to use the MRI image to numerically analyze the mentioned task is essential. We integrate the deep learning model to propose the novel image enhancement and recognition model to undertake the task of medical sports rehabilitation system. The experimental result proves the performance is robust.

Role of increasing the aerobic capacity on improving the function of immune and respiratory systems in patients with coronavirus (COVID-19): A review

Background and aimsCOVID-19 is a public world crisis, however, it is a self-limited infection. In COVID-19, the strength of immune and respiratory systems is a critical element. Thus, this review was conducted to demonstrate the short and long term effects of increasing the aerobic capacity on increasing the function and strength of immune and respiratory systems, particularly those essential for overcoming COVID-19 infections and associated disorders. MethodsThis review was carried out by searching in Web of Science, Scopus, EBSCO, Medline databases. The search was conducted over clinical trials and literature and systematic reviews on the effects of increasing the aerobic capacity on the function and strength of specific immune and respiratory elements essential for overcoming COVID-19 infections. ResultsThis review found that increasing the aerobic capacity could produce short-term safe improvements in the function of immune and respiratory systems, particularly those specific for COVID-19 infections. This could be mainly produced through three mechanisms. Firstly, it could improve immunity by increasing the level and function of immune cells and immunoglobulins, regulating CRP levels, and decreasing anxiety and depression. Secondly, it could improve respiratory system functions by acting as an antibiotic, antioxidant, and antimycotic, restoring normal lung tissue elasticity and strength. Lastly, it could act as a protective barrier to decrease COVID-19 risk factors, which helps to decrease the incidence and progression of COVID-19. ConclusionThis review summarizes that increasing the aerobic capacity is recommended because it has potential of improving immune and respiratory functions which would help counter COVID-19.

Processo de Enfermagem no contexto assistencial da Atelectasia por Enfisema Pulmonar: relato de caso

A atelectasia pulmonar consiste em colapso pulmonar, acompanhado de hipoventilação, que geralmente afeta um dos lobos pulmonares e compromete a perfusão, causando alterações metabólicas na vida do cliente. Relato de caso, realizado por acadêmicos do curso de Enfermagem da Faculdade CESMAC do Sertão – Palmeira dos Índios Alagoas. Objetivando-se descrever o caso de um cliente com diagnóstico médico inicial de Atelectasia Pulmonar desencadeada por Enfisema Pulmonar.

SPIROMETRIC PARAMETERS IN PATIENT WITH ALLERGIC RHINITIS

Abstract Background : the link between allergic rhinitis(AR) and asthma has been confirmed. AR is risk factor for the onset of asthma . Spirometry is noninvasive method to evaluate lower respiratory system function in AR patients. The aim of the study: to evaluate spirometric lung function and response to post- bronchodilatation test in patient with AR. Methods: This prospective cross sectional study carried out on 100 patients with persistent AR. Spirometry ,post- bronchdilatation test, serum total IgE and eosinophils in blood and sputum were performed for all patients. Results: Our results reconfirming the concept of a single air way with single disease. In our study the patients with persistent AR were have impaired spirometric parameters. Conclusion: Our study confirming the predictive value of forced expiratory flow at 25% and 75% (FEF 25-75) as marker of early bronchial involvement of small air way disease (SAD) in AR and also confirm the link between upper and lower respiratory system.

Evaluation of the Influence of Physiotherapeutic Devices on the Smokers and Non-Smokers' Respiratory System Function after the Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting

The purpose of the study was to assess the influence of physiotherapeutic devices on respiratory system function after coronary bypass grafting. The tasks of the study: 1. To assess and compare the factors of the respiratory function on the first group (physiotherapist employed physiotherapy once a day) and in the second group (physiotherapist employed physiotherapy twice a day). 2. To compare the factors of the respiratory function and the frequency of post-operative complications between non-smokers and smokers in the first and the second group. The study included 40 patients after coronary artery bypass grafting in the Cardiac, thoracic and vascular clinic in the hospital of Kaunas University of Medicine. The studied patients were distributed into two equal groups. The first group received physiotherapy once a day; the second group received physiotherapy twice a day. In this study we measured the factors of the respiratory function (the respiratory rate and the Hence sample) on the first and the eighth post-operation days. The patients case-histories provided the data about atelectasis. The patients were inquired whether they smoked during six weeks before the operation. We found that on the sixth day after the operation the values of the indicators of the respiratory function (the respiratory rate and the Hence sample) in the second group were significantly better (p &lt; 0.05) than the values of the analogous indicators in the first group. Consequently it is advisable to apply physiotherapeutic procedures twice a day to the coronary artery bypass grafting patients. Smoking was contributed to development of such post-operative complications as atelectasis. We found that the values of the respiratory function indicators (the respiratory rate and the Hence sample) in non-smokers were significantly (p &lt; 0.05) better than in the patients' who smoked (p &lt; 0.05).Keywords: ischaemical heart disease, coronary artery bypass grafting, post-operative complications of respiratory function, smoking, physiotherapy

Assessment of lung age and body mass index in young health care workers - A cross-sectional study

Background: Obesity has serious consequences on the functions of respiratory system, significant alterations in mechanics of respiration, gaseous exchange, and capacity to cope up with exercise and also severely affects compliance. Aim and Objective: The aim of this study was to study the relation between lung age and body mass index among young adults. Materials and Methods: The present study comprised 100 subjects (age group between 18 and 30 years). Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied in their selection. Results: Mean lung age in Group A, B, and C was 23.29, 23.95, and 24.53. The F value was 0.259 and P = 0.772 which is statistically insignificant. Post hoc test was applied, mean and standard deviation between different groups were compared. When compared between Group A and B group, P = 0.692 which is not significant, between A group and group C, p value was 0.504 which is also not significant and between B group and C group, it was 0.792 which was also not significant. Conclusion: Obesity does not have direct effect on the lung age among healthy non-smoking adults and any such effect needs to be explained by underlying respiratory diseases.

NECK COMPRESSION ASPHYXIAL DEATHS BY LIGATURE – A DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF WESTERN RAJASTHAN

The tripod of life comprises of three vital organs namely brain, heart and lungs. Serious pathological and morphological abnormalities of any part of the body prove fatal due to direct or indirect involvement of either or all of the organs of tripod of life. Essential structures of neck including nerves, blood vessels, and other have a direct or indirect control on the function of respiratory, circulatory and nervous system. The compression of the neck involving the important structures may prove fatal. One of the major modes of death is asphyxia and type of asphyxia most commonly encountered in medico legal practice is mechanical asphyxia. Among the means of producing mechanical asphyxia, constriction around the neck plays a major role.&#x0D; Backgroubd: Hanging is one of the most common methods of suicide in India; other types of hangings are homicidal hanging, judicial hanging, and autoerotic hanging (camps et al, 1976)3. Hanging differs from strangulation in which the neck is constricted irrespective of any effect caused by the weight of the body. The various structures damaged in hanging and strangulation include the soft tissues like skin, subcutaneous tissue, fascia, muscles, blood vessels, lymph nodes and the bony and cartilage tissues like the hyoid bone and larynx (A. Keithmant, 1984)1.&#x0D; Various forms of strangulations are ligature strangulation, throttling, mugging, garrotting, bansdola etc (Simpson and knight, 1988)13.&#x0D; As till now very less studies has been carried out in western Rajasthan on demographic pattern of deaths due to compression of neck by ligature matterial. A study of asphyxial deaths by ligature matterial that is hanging and ligature strangulation in relation of sex, age, region and religion has been undertaken.&#x0D; Keywords: Hanging, Strangulation, Ligature, Neck, Demographic, Medico-Legal.

Health training – preparing an organism for coping with COVID-19

Abstract Coexistence of organisms in the world is a dynamic state, requiring complying with certain rules in order to sustain biological balance. Huge human expansion into the Earth ecosystem results in numerous crises. One of them is a problem of pandemic concerning COVID-19. The dynamics of epidemic development is changing. More and more statistical analyses regarding clinical course of this disease are appearing. Prophylactic actions, specific for each country, are taken aimed at reduction of quantity and intensity of infections in the society in such a way as to make health care systems efficient at the time of pandemic. Great hopes are put in natural defence mechanisms of human body, the effectiveness of which, to a large extent, depends on ourselves. As part of prophylactic actions, heath trainings, that is regular physical exercises together with proper management of rest, nutrition and sleep, can improve physical performance of an organism, strengthen its immuno-logical defence, adapting it to greater burdens. Such a relative load, that impairs functioning of respiratory system and as a consequence limits the ability to obtain energy necessary for independent maintenance of vital functions, may be a clinic course of COVID-19. Development of the Internet and social media considerably facilitates search for those kinds of physical activities that can be performed in the home. That is why, despite the isolation and movement restrictions, everyone can find own way to actively spend free time, which will positively influence his/her organism, and consequently, increase chances in potential encounter with the virus.

Assessment of Forced Vital Capacity and FEV1 as Pulmonary Function Tests in Males with Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus

Introduction&#x0D; Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic diseases. It is associated with well known complications linked to either microangiopathy, macroangiopathy or a combination of both. Some studies found that there were changes in respiratory system or pulmonary functions in diabetes so this study was planned to see the effect of type 2 DM on pulmonary functions.&#x0D; Materials &amp; Method&#x0D; The present study was undertaken in two groups. Hundred male individuals were included in the study with each group comprised of 50 individuals. For pulmonary function tests we used computerized Spirometer Statistical difference between the data obtained in various groups was evaluated by z test.&#x0D; Observations&#x0D; Reduction in FVC-Forced vital capacity reduction is statistically significant. FEV1-reduction is statistically significant. FEV1/FVC (%) reduction is statistically significant.&#x0D; Conclusion&#x0D; So it is always better to detect the respiratory damage in diabetes patient at an early stage to prevent the further complications