Functional Style Research Articles

Filologie – věc veřejná

Alexandr Stich theoretically contributed to the definition of the journalistic style in the system of functional styles, understanding it as a style primarily determined by the persuasive function. After 1989, he himself became a prominent publicist who tried to influence public opinion on matters of cultural and political importance in his texts published especially in Literární noviny, Lidové noviny and Přítomnost. In our analysis, we approach Stich’s journalism from the perspective of Hausenblas’s functional stylistics as a text complex, i.e. as a whole, which – as we show – is unified in function, style and meaning and is internally interconnected on the linguistic, thematic and compositional levels.

Communication in the Mirror of Social Semiotics

Introduction. The subject of this article is communicative resources, which are selected by partners from a huge variety of linguistic means, functional styles, rhetorical techniques, and subject activities, and through which a common semantic space between individuals is generated.Methodology and sources. As a methodological platform we propose the principles of praxis-oriented social semiotics. Being one of the relatively late trends of semiotic research, social semiotics focuses attention not so much on signs or sign systems as on social signifying practices as regular, repetitive, recognisable types of actions: the actions of communication participants are endowed with the properties of sign systems through which relations between individuals are discovered, made visible and meaningful. The mechanisms of meaning production, from the point of view of the participants of the event, are analysed using the concept of ‘discursive practices’, understood as speech actions in order to solve a variety of practical interpersonal tasks.Results and discussion. As an individual learns a variety of interpersonal discursive practices, different relational systems become available to him/her. Specific discursive practices allow individuals to present different versions of their self, justify their actions, maintain dominance and/or subordination relations, thus demonstrating mastery of the communicative situation. Following the principles of praxis-oriented social semiotics, it can be argued that interpersonal relationships involve what can be called a discourse of trust, personal involvement in relationships, intimacy/closeness.Conclusion. The described symbolic regulators allow not only to semiotically comprehend the social positions of interacting parties, but also to offer self-control procedures and an arsenal of communicative actions to the participants of interpersonal communication as means of behaviour management in situations of interpersonal communication.

The building system and modeling evolution characteristics from the stacked patios to the pingqi of the grotto

ABSTRACT This paper takes the cave top Pingqi as the breakthrough point, discusses the relationship between the building system and the shape evolution from the lantern roof in the dwellings of Central Asia to the caisery in the grottoes of Xinjiang and then to the Dunhuang cave top Pingqi, discusses and analyzes the process of the integration and mutual learning, absorption and tolerance, innovation and development of Chinese and western cultures in the process, and combines them. Through the comparative analysis of the historical background, structural characteristics and spatial layout of various types of architectural forms, as well as the investigation of their evolution from focusing on functional needs to focusing on decorative art in different periods, we strive to sort out the origin and evolution of the decorative style of cave top Pingqi. The final conclusions of the study are as follows: Dunhuang Mogao Grottoe-roof decoration has experienced the imitation, inheritance, reference and innovation of the architectural style of the roof of Central Asia, Xinjiang and the Central Plains. It can be traced back to the wooden architectural style of “lantern well” in India and Central Asia, as well as the basic functional style of “chimney” in the early Central Plains. The evolution process of roof decoration in different periods is completely preserved in the existing grottoes. Showing the overall evolution process of “chimney”, “lantern well”, “stacked patios”, “sculpture Pingqi” and “drawing Pingqi”, the style of Pingqi in Mogao Grottle-No. 428 has become a typical representative of the evolution of “drawing Pingqi” in the Northern Dynasty, highlighting the deep integration of Chinese and western culture and architectural art, which is of great significance to the study of Chinese traditional architectural history and grotle-decorative art.

ТЕКСТУАЛНА ЛИНГВИСТИКА (ДИЈАХРОНИСКИ ПРЕГЛЕД)

In the paper that is the subject of my processing and analysis, the linguistic points of view in the field of linguistics of the text, as well as applied linguistics, will be covered. The place of the linguistic approach to the text in traditional linguistic theories, but also in modern linguistic and cultural theories, will be analyzed. The concept of language culture includes all the listed skills (logical exposition, text expansion, etc.) Both in the mother tongue and in the foreign languages that are being learned, but also in the learning of the different languages and cultures of the carrier language variants. We will also pay attention to the Prague School, which expands interest in all areas of language use, thus defining functional use through functional styles, expanding interest in language to all types of linguistic texts. Namely, in the paper we will emphasize the importance of the different points of view of the language structure in textual linguistics, but also in the communicative aspects of linguistics.

THE TRANSLATION OF S. KING’S “DARK TOWER” NOVEL SERIES AND R. BROWNING’S POEM “CHILDE ROLAND TO THE DARK TOWER CAME”: A COMPARATIVE ASPECT

This article analyzes the formation of the diversity of the genre of the series of novels “The Dark Tower” by Stephen King, as well as the clips of Robert Browning’s poem in the predominant image of the Tower of Roland and the connection with these genre transformations. In the course of the study, the authors analyze the series of novels “The Dark Tower” and the poem “Childe Roland to the Dark Tower Came”, in particular, the features of the genres, the compositional and stylistic features inherent in these works. When demonstrating the characteristic features of R. Browning’s and S. King’s creative work, it was found that romanticized fantasy per se includes many genre features that differ from the manifestations of horror and classic fiction: fantasy is a genre in the style of high fantasy and concealment, a fairy tale. At the same time, dark fantasy, although it includes most of the traditional fantasy surroundings, is characterized not so much by the interrelationship between its fantasy elements and the narrative, but rather by the connection between the gothic and the horror types of fiction; there is much less science fiction in dark fantasy than in high fantasy. At the discussion stage, it was determined that the best method for translating the lead when working with two multi-genre works is the comparative method, which is based on a simple principle: “What is it like?” As a result, we came to the conclusion that, on the one hand, the use of a methodological method leads to the fact that in the process of text analysis it is necessary to limit the framework to the conventions of the functional style, the genre uniqueness of the analyzed ones, preserving their artistic orientation and the idiostyle of the author. On the other hand, in this way we get the opportunity to carry out parallel search and optimization of data for its synthesis and translation into the exchange part.

Проблема формирования стиля специального языка (на материале английского языка радиообмена в авиации)

The aim of the study is to demonstrate that the presence of an independent functional style of Aviation English indicates the existence of prerequisites for the formation of functional styles inherent in other professional languages, taking into account the peculiarities of their architectonics and the conditions in which they are used. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the fact that until now, the specific characteristics of the functional style of a professional language that make it an independent linguistic phenomenon have not been defined. The paper is the first to formulate the mandatory requirements for the architectonics of a professional language as a combination of its lexical, grammatical and phonetic systems used for communication by specialists in various fields and for the characteristic features of speech situations in a domain of professional activity. As a result, it is proven that only a fully formed architectonics of a particular professional language, allowing it to be used effectively in typical speech situations, makes it possible to determine whether this professional language has a full-fledged independent functional style.

ON THE RELATION BETWEEN TIMBRE AND SYNTAX

The article is devoted to the question of the relationship between timbre and syntax in different functional styles of speech. The methodological basis for investigating the mutual influence of syntax (the level of conditioned constructions) and timbre (the level of inductive wholeness) is selected and explained. When considering the notion of “intentionality” within the framework of the direction of phenomenology, it becomes obvious that timbre should be understood as a hierarchy of communication elements, which creates the desired sound taking into account the invariants already available in consciousness. The timbre forms not only direct, syntactic links, but also expressive components contained in both the structure and semantics of the parts of a particular speech work. In order to create convenience and maximum objectivity of analysis when describing syntactic features of works of various functional styles, a specific range of consideration is set within the framework of this study - from the level of simple morphological relations to the level of hypertext unities. The field of analysis is represented as a simple target, where the core is the zone of well-known standardized types of syntactic links, zone-2 is the space of links existing in the form of visible repetitions (anaphora, epiphora, refrain, syntactic repetitions), zone-3 is the zone of links of all existing linking elements within the text, which is difficult to interpret objectively (links fixed by ritual). The final part of this study presents an example of analyzing a poetic text in English and its translation into Russian in order to demonstrate the close relationship between syntax and timbre at different levels of the hierarchy.

Values in the protocol genre in the official business substyle of the religious functional style

The subject of the study is the specificity of values in the official business protocols used in the religious documents. The object of the study is the protocols of the religious style. The author examines in detail such aspects of the topic as the category and compositions that form the valuable potential of the protocol genre in the religious sphere, focuses on key axiologems reflecting traditional religious attitudes. Special attention is paid to the category of composition of the protocol genre, which reflects the development of the topic and, accordingly, assessments in a religious functional style. The composition of the protocol in the religious style almost completely coincides with the explication of the composition in the secular version of the official business style and includes the following parts: a statement, or substantive (listened to), in which the topic is stated, and a final, or certifying (decided). The difference between the compositional structure of the protocol genre in the official business substyle of the religious functional style consists in the presence of a variable stating part of the judgment. The research is carried out using the categorical-textual method developed at the Ural Scientific School of Linguoculturology and Stylistics. The textual categories of composition and evaluation are explicated in the studied texts in a certain specific way, which makes it possible to attribute these texts to the genre of protocol. The main conclusions of the study are that the protocol genre reflects axiological religious attitudes in a religious style, including gratitude, respect for life, care for vulnerable groups of the population, the spirit of self-sacrifice, anti-discrimination ideas, mercy, forgiveness, etc., which are concentrated in the compositional stating and final parts of the text. The novelty of this study largely lies in the lack of knowledge of the genre of protocol in the religious functional style. The Church, as a public organization, needs to record information about key events and decisions taken. To this end, the church uses the protocol genre as a tool to ensure the completeness of the stored information. However, there are practically no studies devoted to the genre of protocol, which to a certain extent limits our knowledge of the religious functional style. The present study aims to eliminate this shortcoming and fill the existing gap in the description of the protocol genre in the religious sphere. The study of the protocol genre in the religious sphere on a categorical-textual basis is being carried out for the first time.

Специфика перевода немецкого субстантивированного инфинитива на русский язык (на материале немецко-русского корпуса параллельных текстов Национального корпуса русского языка)

The purpose of this research is to identify the peculiarities of translating German nominalized infinitives into Russian based on the Russian National Corpus parallel texts German-Russian corpus. The scientific novelty of this work is that for the first time it analyses the translation of German nominalized infinitives into Russian based on material that is not limited to the translation of works by individual authors, but includes contexts from texts of different functional styles (fiction, publicistic and scientific) and their translations by a number of professional translators. The article examines in detail the possibilities of translating into Russian both fixed and occasional single-component German nominalized infinitives formed from high-frequency verbs based on diverse linguistic material; it also analyses the grammatical and lexical-semantic transformations used in translation. The research reveals the specifics of translating German nominalized infinitives into Russian: it identifies the most and least frequent translation methods and presents the quantitative ratio of transformations performed during translation.

Development of scientific speech of master's students in architecture

Introduction. The pertinence of the considered problem is stipulated by the fact that nowadays the research aspect is becoming an important part of the master's degree programs in the world's leading architectural schools, and mastering research skills requires the ability to properly present the results of the conducted research in a master's thesis. In the scientific literature there is a growing number of publications dedicated to the formation of professional research competence and skills of writing research texts in native and foreign languages among master's degree architect students. Unresolved problems include the preparation of programs, selection of content and conditions of implementation of such courses. The integrated objective of the paper is to propose a tested structural and content model of the course on the development of scientific speech of future architects. Research methods. The content of the lecture and practical course is based on the author's manuals and the author's monograph, on the material of modern Russian and foreign research on scientific functional style, the study of the language (vocabulary and terminology) of architecture. Texts from literary sources of interest to architects were used as examples. Research results. Successful accomplishment of course objectives is the result of the development and implementation of the structural and content model of teaching in the educational process, including the author's course program and the basic author's methodology, inextricably linked with modern philological studies of architectural and construction discourse, including the sublanguage of architecture and architectural terminology. With the discipline's focus on the formation of general language, universal and professional culture of future masters of architecture it is advisable to use a cross-genre methodological model of teaching with the reliance on the leading principles of construction and implementation of the course such as educational content selection, scientific approach, rationality, historicism, taking into account the motivation and needs of students, accessibility of didactic material, individual approach in teaching, educational teaching and interactivity described information could be interesting for teachers of the Russian language of architectural and construction universities. Conclusion. The described course helps architecture graduate students to broaden their general cultural and professional outlook, to get an idea of another kind of language – scientific language and its genres, scientific communication in Russian, and to master the skills of Russian scientific writing. The course gives students a new perspective on the texts they produce, helps them to understand their own identity as a linguistic person who is as much responsible for the creation of written texts as for the results of architectural and urban planning projects.

FUNCTIONAL NOTIONAL TYPES OF SPONTANEOUS SPEECH IN SIMULTANEOUS INTERPRETING

The article deals with the mechanisms of generation and functioning of spontaneous speech and their influence on the interpreter’s spontaneous speech during simultaneous interpreting. The subject of the research is spontaneous speech in simultaneous interpretation, the object of research is functional notional types of oral speech which serve as the foundation for the algorithm of expressing the main idea of the message. Depending on the functional notional type of spontaneous speech that can be considered as the dominant one in the source message, the interpreter faces different challenges. Following the original message too closely may lead to an abundance of self-corrections, repetitions, slips of the tongue in the interpreter’s spontaneous speech, which, together with confusing syntactic constructions, make it difficult for the audience to understand the target message. Interpreting simultaneously at a higher cognitive level within the model of comparative cognitive transformations, which takes into account algorithms of expressing the main idea, the interpreter can produce a more coherent and smooth spontaneous speech in the target language based on the cognitive essence as a result of thought transformation of the original message. Pragmatic orientation of spontaneous speech predetermines methods of compression as a tool of pragmatic adaptation of the original message within the cognitive pragmatic circle of oral communication, which can be extrapolated to different functional styles of speech and types of discourse.

Negotiating Linguistic Boundaries: Language Appropriation in Khaled Hosseini’s The Kite Runner

The current study attempts to investigate the language-appropriation strategies in post-colonial Afghan-American authors particularly in Khaled Hosseini’s novel The Kite Runner. Appropriation is the act of adopting another culture and language by modifying it to your own goals and requirements. This method is generally used by post-colonial writers who appropriate English in their literary works due to resistance or/and necessity. During the colonization, the colonizer suppressed all other native languages. They employed the English language as a tool to exercise control in establishing a system of authority based on linguistic dominance. Nevertheless, the writers of the post-colonial era have stood against this dominant force of colonial language and undermined it by implementing different strategies into their own social and cultural context. Various language appropriation techniques are used to investigate the data from this research as recommended by Kachru (1983) and Ashcroft, Griffith, and Tiffin (2002). Findings from the investigation revealed that the language appropriation techniques of glossing, untranslated words, code-switching, lexical innovation, rhetorical and functional styles, translation equivalence, and contextual redefinition have been employed in the text. Among them, glossing, untranslated words, and code-switching are utilized frequently. The strategy of interlanguage has not been utilized by the author in the novel. The study contributes to broader discussions on language appropriation, cultural representation, and decolonization in contemporary literary discourse.

The Influence of Product Quality, Price Perception and Product Variety on Consumer Repurchase Intentions with Consumer Satisfaction as a Mediating Variable (Study pn Solid Surface Performnite Products)

The progress of the Indonesian interior world is growing rapidly following current trends. Consumers tend to look for furniture with a simple, clean and functional style. One material that is often used for furniture is solid surface material. Solid surface can be combined with wood, iron, rattan and other materials. Considering the increasing number of solid surface manufacturers in Indonesia, competition in the solid surface industry is becoming tight. It requires strong repurchase interest from consumers to survive in the solid surface industry. This research was conducted to analyze the factors that influence solid surface consumers repurchase interest using PLS-SEM. The population of this research is consumers of solid surface performnite. The results of this research are that product quality, price perception, product variety have a significant effect on consumer satisfaction. Product quality, price perception, product variety have a significant effect on repurchase intention. Consumer satisfaction partially mediates the relationship between product quality, price perception, product variety and repurchase intention.

Category of Addressee in New Apostolic Prayer: Categorical-Textual and Axiological Aspects

The study examines the realization of the addressee category in Protestant — New Apostolic prayers. The object of analysis is prayer as a genre of religious functional style, and the subject is the addressee category. The aim of the work is to describe the ways of explication of the addressee category in a corpus of 220 public prayers of New Apostolic Christians. The textual material was collected through participant observation and consists of transcribed audio recordings of prayers — non-reproducible texts spontaneously created by both churchgoers and clergy in various communicative situations, both religious and non-religious. The methodology of constructing thematic nomination chains is applied on a categorical-textual basis to describe the addressee category. It has been revealed that the addressee is denoted using personal pronouns ‘we’, possessive pronoun ‘our’, and nouns ‘community’, ‘brothers and sisters’, ‘children’, ‘sinners’. The results of the analysis show that these nominations are included in positively colored contexts, including the nomination ‘sinners’, which is conditioned by the specificity of the doctrine: the praying individuals are focused not on repentance but on gratitude for forgiveness. The listed ways of nominating the addressee and the description of evaluative contexts allow us to conclude about the reflection of ‘we axiological’ in the texts of New Apostolic Christians.

СТИЛЬОВА ДИФЕРЕНЦІАЦІЯ УКРАЇНСЬКОМОВНИХ ТЕКСТІВ ЗА ЧАСТИНАМИ МОВИ (ЕКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНЕ ЛІНГВОСТАТИСТИЧНЕ ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ)

Вackground. The article describes an experimental linguistic and statistical study of the functional and authorial styles of the Ukrainian language, the formation of a statistical apparatus, and the application of statistical methods in establishing style-distinguishing features of Ukrainian-language media texts based on frequency dictionaries of parts of speech from the Ukrainian Language Corpus and the results of the TextAttributor 1.0 system (http://ta.mova.info). The article's authors are members of the development team of both information systems. Methods. The study used the method of modeling the stylometric structure of the text, the Student's t-test, comparative analysis of empirical data with a confidence interval for the mean square deviation, and the method of graphical representation of the stylometric model. Results. Using the automated tools of the Ukrainian Language Corpus, we calculated absolute and relative frequencies of parts of speech in Ukrainian-language texts, and the statistical behavior of parts of speech was analyzed in terms of relative frequency in functional styles (fictional prose (~ 55 million word usages); media style (~ 40 million word usages)), as well as in 8 text samples of media texts from authorial Telegram channels. The Student's t-test demonstrated that the statistical characteristics of parts of speech could serve as differential probabilities of an author's style. Additionally, the article characterizes a dynamic stylometric model implemented in the TextAttributor 1.0 system. This model attributes media texts based on 18 statistical parameters, 8 of which distinguish the part-of-speech statistical structure of the text. The obtained results indicate that the empirical statistical data of parts of speech, compared with the confidence intervals of the Ukrainian language media style, determine the individual stylistic manner of the author. Conclusions. The linguistic and statistical experiment convincingly shows that parts of speech form the statistical structure of the text, which varies depending on the functional or authorial style. The multi-parameter part-of-speech model substantiated in the study allows each examined text to determine which statistical parameters are neutral and which are differential stylometric probabilities. This model can be a benchmark for linguistic and statistical analysis of texts in other languages.

Ukrainian dialects of Northern Pidlasie: historical and cultural context

The article deals with the current sociolinguistic situation in the autochthonous Ukrainian dialects of Northern Podlasie (the territory of Poland) against the background of historical and cultural circumstances in which they have existed, especially in ХХ and early ХХI century. Particular attention is paid to the triad of “confessional – ethnic – linguistic affiliation”; the inculcation of the idea of “Belarusianness” to the population of this dialectal area, which has influenced the modern linguistic and ethnic consciousness of dialect speakers. The peculiarities of language education in Northern Podlasie are also analyzed. The factors that led to the preservation of Northern Podlasie dialects in multicultural conditions and, in fact, in the absence of direct contacts with Ukrainian dialects of the metropolis are identified; and on the other hand, the leveling of ethnic consciousness while preserving the specific language code. The current linguistic situation in the Northern Podlasie dialects is determined by the following main factors: age group of respondents, social status, occupation, family traditions, and, to a large extent, the size of the society, which determines the vitality of the dialect or, conversely, the loss of its prestige. The features of linguistic self-identification by modern speakers of Northern Podlasie dialects are investigated. The role of the idiolect in forming the portrait of the lateral dialect is studied. The tendency to the stability of idiolects in the context of the tangible dynamics of the dialect space is emphasized. The article also examines the written tradition of Northern Podlasie in the dialect, texts in the dialect of various functional styles, and different views on the status of Northern Podlasie dialects, including an attempt to establish a “Podlasie literary micro-language”. Dialectal features in the onomasticon and written microtexts of some other types are analyzed. Keywords: Ukrainian North Podlasie dialects, Ukrainian dialects in a foreign language environment, preservation of lateral dialects, language enclave, Ukrainian dialects of the borderlands.

THE VERBALISED CONCEPT ‘CHALLENGE’ IN FUNCTIONALLY DEFINED VARIETIES OF ENGLISH: TERMINOLOGISATION VS. METAPHORISATION

The article examines the interaction of the functional-communicative and cognitive parameters in conceptualisation of broad-meaning lexemes with special reference to the verbalised concept ‘CHALLENGE’. The target concept has been chosen on account of its being currently in great demand, which is evidenced by a considerable number of its lexical manifestations in most representative corpora of English. The aim of the research is to identify the types of content in concept development based on the scope of represented phenomena in the functional styles of fiction and journalism. Depending on the speaker’s (writer’s) communicative purport, the vector in categorisation of reality may change, which leads to a different interpretation of the linguistic means used. Considering the lexicographic data as well as the “big” corpus data we focus on the description of how the target concept is viewed on the lexicographic and discursive levels. The research is carried out within the framework of cognitive corpus linguistics, which enables us to identify types of situations and events (frames) that represent the distributional profile of the target lexeme. The conceptual-linguistic analysis revealed that the functional style of journalism contributes to the lexeme’s specification and terminologisation, while in the functional style of fiction metaphorisation increases.

STYLISTICS OF THE LITERARY WORD: THE RESULTS OF SCIENTIFIC ANALYSES AND NEW RESEARCH FINDINGS

The study and systematization of the history of science lay the found ation for generating new ideas. Knowledge of the scientific past opens pathways to understanding the present, allowing for further differentiation and in-depth analysis of the challenges in the field. In Kazakh linguistics, the stylistics of literary language has primarily been examined in relation to the development of the Kazakh literary language, the differentiation of functional styles, the role of expressive means in prose, and the distinctive language and style of individual writers.The article systematizes the main conclusions in the study of the language and style of the prose genre in World linguistics, Turkology and Kazakh linguistics. The relevance and importance of studying the objects and methods of artistic word Stylistics in combination with aspects of anthropospecific linguistics, linguocretism of the writer, communicative stylistics and word culture are substantiated.The main idea and purpose of the study is, firstly, to systematize in the form of a review the main conclusions about the problems of general Stylistics, including artistic word Stylistics. Artistic Stylistics in the Kazakh language was considered in the aspects of the characteristics of the development of the Kazakh literary language, the differentiation of functional styles, the function of means of expression in the prose genre, the language and style of individual writers.At the present stage, the problems of the culture of the word are deepened, while it is important to determine the communicative quality of the word, the communicative target, along with the correct, appropriate use of the word. Analysis, interpretation, evaluation of Kazakh art using the methods of these branches of science makes a theoretical and practical contribution to the development of general Stylistics, including Kazakh linguostilistics.

THE FREQUENCY AND USAGE OF OVER-DERIVATIVES IN TEXTS ON COVID-19

Being stylistically neutral, prefix over- is used in different functional styles. Here the focus is on its usage in words appearing in written newspaper texts on COVID-19. The main goal of the paper is to examine the overall frequency of overderivatives in this type of text. The idea is to illustrate the most frequent word class of derivatives, show their meanings and to analyse morphological and colligational patterns in which and with which they occur. Derivational prefixes can change either the meaning of the word they are attached to or the word class. Taking into account the frequency and features derived words with this prefix show, we consider that this paper will give a significant contribution to further research on over-words in different types of texts.

Stylistyka artykułów poradnikowych o tematyce kulinarnej adresowanych do mężczyzn – na podstawie materiałów z miesięcznika „Men’s Health”

The subject of the analyses in this article are food related articles addressed to men, published in the monthly “Men’s Health” in 2020. In order to encourage the readers to read texts related to broadly understood nutrition, the editors use the persuasive potential resulting from the combination of various functional styles. Colloquial, natural and casual style, which is typical of everyday communication, makes it easier to get closer to the readers, creates the impression of a close and friendly relationship and enters into a dialogue with them, while the scientific style promotes the credibility of the message and gives it a professional character. The way of providing metaphors, which is unusual for food related texts (war metaphor, automotive metaphor), as well as anthropomorphisms translate into the imagery character of the text and serve to familiarize the readers with a sphere of reality that is unknown to them.