Functional State In Children Research Articles

Актуальні тенденції в індивідуальних програмах реабілітації дітей із церебральним паралічем: важливий крок до поліпшення якості життя (огляд літератури)

Approaches to treating and rehabilitating children with cerebral palsy now focus on maximizing their environment and increasing their independence in everyday life. The study of different techniques allows us to consider the needs and goals of families when developing individualized treatment and rehabilitation programs, contributing to the optimal development of the child. Purpose - to study the criteria for developing individual rehabilitation programs, analyzing the examination of children with cerebral palsy, evaluating family-centered care, researching multidisciplinary rehabilitation teams, and analyzing the provision of medical and rehabilitation services and their impact on the quality of life of children with cerebral palsy. A comprehensive and structured search of scientific sources in scientometric databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, MEDLINE, and specialized journals in pediatrics and neurology was performed to conduct a systematic literature review. The literature search and analysis were conducted over the past 10 years (from 2012 to 2022). For the bibliometric analysis, the method of data analysis using the VOSviewer program was used. Several important aspects related to the provision of rehabilitation services to children with cerebral palsy and their relationship with classification systems and other aspects are considered and analyzed. The influence of the provision of rehabilitation services by a multidisciplinary rehabilitation team on the functional state of children with cerebral palsy according to the level of the classification system of basic motor functions is substantiated. The study also investigated how the provision of medical and rehabilitation services affects the quality of life of children with cerebral palsy. All of these aspects of the study aimed to improve the provision of services to children with cerebral palsy and their functional status and quality of life. Conclusions. The research demonstrates the need for an in-depth analysis of the examination of children with cerebral palsy and the introduction of family-oriented care. It was found that the development of multidisciplinary rehabilitation teams is effective in achieving the best results in developing children with cerebral palsy. The importance of further research to improve individual rehabilitation programs and improve the quality of life of these children is also substantiated. No conflict of interests was declared by the author.

Correction of the Physical Condition of Children 5-6 Years Old Who Are Engaged Gymnastics In Sports Shools

The article deals with the assessment of physical development and level of physical fitness of children 5-6 years’ old who are engaged in gymnastics in sports schools with the analysis of physiometric measurements, in particular: vital capacity of the lungs, dynamometry, respiratory rate and heart rate, as well as a detailed analysis of the level of physical fitness with the help of pedagogical testing.
 During the research, theoretical analysis was used, namely the analysis and generalization of literary sources, systematization, comparison of different views on the problem under study, content analysis of textbooks for the purpose of studying the theoretical and methodical foundations of physical education of sports school students, methods of determining anthropometric data and methods of mathematical statistics and data processing, as well as pedagogical testing methods.
 The results of the assessment of children's physical capacity allowed us to conclude that in most people it corresponds to the average level, and in a third of children, small functional reserves were found. The indicators of vital capacity of the lungs also corresponded to the average statistical indicators, аnalyzing the obtained data regarding the development of physical qualities, it can be proven that almost all test indicators that characterize the physical fitness of children are at low and below average levels. In none of the tests did the children demonstrate a high level, the analysis of individual results of assessing the level of physical fitness of children 5-6 years old shows that 40.7% of the subjects have an average level of physical fitness, 14.8% have an above average level, 25.9% of children have a below average level, 18.5% have a low level % of people. Therefore, we selected 120 children (44.4%) with low and below average levels of physical fitness to conduct recreational gymnastics classes with them according to the author's program.
 The results of our research proved that most of the indicators of physical development and functional state of children 5-6 years old who do gymnastics in sports schools correspond to the age norm, however, the analysis of individual results of assessing the level of physical fitness of 5-6-year-old children shows that 40.7% of the subjects have an average level of physical fitness, 14.8% have an above average level, 25.9% of children have a below average level, 18% have a low level, 5% of people

Pandemic decrease of in-person physiotherapy as a factor in parent perceived decline in function in children with neuromuscular disorders.

Restrictions related to the COVID-19 pandemic can negatively affect patients who require physiotherapy. This study aimed to analyze the consequences of limited physiotherapy on the functional state of children with neuromuscular diseases (NMD). In addition, the caregivers' well-being and caregiver opinions on physiotherapy were analyzed. A questionnaire was shared with parents of children with NMD immediately after the COVID-19 lockdown. The survey included questions regarding the physical and mental condition of children and parents before the pandemic and during lockdown as well as their views on physiotherapy and telephysiotherapy. Statistical analysis was performed using the Wilcoxon Matched-Pairs Signed Ranks test, Spearman's Rank Correlation test, McNemar test, and Chi-square test. Parents of 235 children participated in the study. Results indicated that children devoted more time to physiotherapy before the pandemic than during the lockdown period, which was true for those living in cities and the countryside. The functional state of 50.2% of the children deteriorated during the lockdown, in the opinion of their parents. Significant correlations were found between limited physiotherapy time and the deterioration of children's functional condition, ability to maintain a standing position, and increased anxiety. The majority of parents reported increased levels of fear and anxiety (72.8%), fatigue (67.7%), and pain (53.2%). In-person physiotherapy was rated significantly higher than telephysiotherapy by parents. Limited access to physiotherapy and shorter therapy times may lead to functional deterioration in children with NMD, but this assumption needs to be objectively confirmed. According to the parents' opinions, telephysiotherapy is less beneficial than direct physiotherapy but may support therapy conducted directly by a physiotherapist. Results based on subjective parental opinions may be helpful in planning future projects.

Functional state of the glands of the gastric mucosa in chronic Hp-associated gastritis in children

Introduction . Studies of the gastric mucosa using biomarkers of its functional state in children are isolated, and there is also no normative base for their assessment. The aim of the work was to establish the reference values of the levels of gastrin-17, pepsinogens I and II in the blood serum of children and the nature of their changes in chronic Hp-associated gastritis. Material and methods . 112 children aged 7–15 years with chronic gastritis associated with Hp were examined. The examination program included esophagogastroduodenoscopy, morphological examination of gastrobioptates and determination of serum concentrations of gastrin-17, pepsinogens I and II, class G antibodies to Hp. Results . A regulatory framework has been developed to assess serum concentrations of gastrin and pepsinogens in childhood. It was found that as infl ammation progresses in chronic Hp-associated gastritis in children, an increase in the level of biomarkers, as well as the titer of class G antibodies to Hp, is observed. Changes in the content of biomarkers in the blood serum of children are uninformative in relation to the diagnosis of atrophic gastritis. Conclusion . These studies of serum levels of gastrin-17, I and II and class G antibodies to Hp pepsinogens can be used as an additional non-morphological criterions for the severity of the infl ammatory process in the gastric mucosa during dynamic monitoring of children with chronic gastritis.

Thyroid functional state in children with duodenal ulcer

Background. Most experts agree that duodenal ulcers are much more common in children. In recent years, the research interest in the relationship between the thyroid system and duodenal ulcer processes has become evident. The purpose of the study is to investigate the thyroid functional state in children with duodenal ulcer. Materials and methods. The observation group consisted of 56 children aged 7 to 18 years with a verified duodenal ulcer and 15 healthy children. All pediatric patients underwent fibroesophagogastroduodenoscopy with a targeted thyroid biopsy and examination for the presence of the Helicobacter pylori bacterium, intragastric pH-metry, ultrasound examination of the abdominal cavity and thyroid gland; the concentration of thyroid hormones (thyroid-stimulating hormone, T3, T4) was also studied. Reliability was assessed using Student’s t-test. The difference was considered significant at p<0.05. Results. The average age of children with duodenal ulcer was 13.1±3.1 years. In all age categories, duodenal ulcer occurred more often in boys— 58.9%. During an in-depth ultrasound examination, the structure of the thyroid gland in 52 (92.8%) children was homogeneous, in 4 (7.1%) individuals it was heterogeneous, but without nodular formations. Serum concentrations of thyroid-stimulating hormone and T3 in children with duodenal ulcer also did not differ from the average levels in children of the comparison group. At the same time, a decrease in the concentration of T4 was noted, which can be considered as a variant of euthyroid sick syndrome— the syndrome of reduced T4. The average serum level of T4 (32.67±3.84 nmol/l) was significantly lower (p=0.001) in children infected with Helicobacter pylori than in those without infection (39.45±4.23 nmol/l) and healthy individuals (89.12±5.91 nmol/l). Conclusions. Children with a duodenal ulcer have a violation of the thyroid status due to a decrease in the thyroxine concentration. A functional shift in the thyroid status in these patients can be considered as a prognostically unfavorable sign of possible deterioration of the ulcer course.

Methods of clinical assessment of the functional state of the hip joint in children and adolescents

Original method for clinical evaluation of the hip functional state in children and adolescents is presented. This method includes passport data, case history, subjective signs, special functional test and motor tasks, clinical and instrumental examination. Every sign is assessed in points: 5 points absence of pathological changes and this corresponds to function compensation; 34 points moderately marked changes subcompensation; less than 3 points marked changes decompensation. Final evaluation of the hip functional state is the integral index. 107 joints in 83 patients with various hip dysplasias were examined. All patients were on target rehabilitation treatment that resulted in the improvement of the functional state. The repeated postrehabilitation testing showed increase in integral index within 12 points. In 30 patients the compensation of function was achieved, 34 patients subcompensation was observed. Decompensation persisted in 19 patients.

Преморбидные нарушения функционального состояния поджелудочной железы у детей с хронической гастродуоденальной патологией

Актуальность. Вторичная панкреатическая недостаточность в педиатрической практике возникает чаще и может проявляться в любом возрасте как на фоне алиментарных нарушений, так и при различных воспалительных заболеваниях верхних отделов пищеварительного тракта. Цель. Исследование функционального состояния поджелудочной железы (ПЖ) у детей при хронической гастродуоденальной патологии. Материалы и методы. Исследование проведено на базе гастроэнтерологического отделения Черновицкой областной клинической детской больницы в течение 2013–2018 гг. Основную клиническую группу составили 64 ребенка в возрасте 8–18 лет с хронической гастродуоденальной патологией: у 29 детей — хронический гастрит, у 30 детей — хронический гастродуоденит, у 5 детей — язвенная болезнь луковицы двенадцатиперстной кишки. Всем детям проводили общеклинические исследования, ультразвуковое исследование (УЗИ) органов брюшной полости, фиброгастродуоденоскопию, Ph-метрию, 3-кратное копрологическое исследование, определяли активность a-амилазы, липазы сыворотки крови, диастазы мочи, концентрацию фекальной эластазы-1 (ФЕ-1) в кале, С-пептида в сыворотке крови, уровень глюкозы в крови, пероральный глюкозотолерантный тест. Статистическая обработка полученных данных осуществлена с помощью программ «Статистика 6.0». Результаты. Ведущими были болевой (93,7 %), диспептический (90,6 %) и астеноневротический синдромы (57,8 %), нарушение моторно-эвакуаторной функции желудка и двенадцатиперстной кишки в виде гастроэзофагеального и дуоденогастрального рефлюксов. У 35,9 ± 3,7 % лиц выявлены признаки поражения ПЖ: утолщение хвоста железы и повышение ее эхогенности при УЗИ, амилорея, креаторея, стеаторея I и II типа, изменения уровня a-амилазы, ФЕ-1, «плоские» кривые глюкозотолерантного теста, что указывало на начальные нарушения углеводного обмена. Медиана уровня С-пептида для детей основной группы составила 1,29 нг/мл (доверительный интервал (ДИ) 1,11–3,42), для детей группы сравнения — 0,89 нг/мл (ДИ 0,23–1,12). Тенденция к повышению уровня С-пептида зарегистрирована у 12 детей с избытком массы тела, у которых выявлена «плоская» сахарная кривая, а также нарушение экзокринной функции ПЖ на фоне ультразвуковых ее изменений. Выводы. Выявленные изменения функционального состояния ПЖ у обследованных детей указывают на необходимость определения функционального состояния железы и его контроль в динамике лечения гастродуоденальной патологии.

Features of speed endurance increase in swimmers of middle school age

The article considers the increase of special physical training, in particular, speed endurance in children of middle school age who are engaged in swimming. Increasing speed endurance is currently one of the most pressing issues in classes with children in sports sections, which is extremely acute in modern swimming in general. At the beginning of the study, a test was performed, which showed no significant differences between the performance of boys in both groups, ie at the beginning of the experiment they had the same level of development of functional abilities, including speed endurance. In the course of the research the technique aimed at the development of speed endurance in middle school children was used. At the end of the experiment, it was found that the performance of the swimmers of the experimental group was significantly higher, compared with the control group (62.1 ± 0.6s) in swimming 2x50m. It was 56.2 ± 0.2 s. The significance of the differences between these indicators was 9.33. In the 25 m swim without the participation of the legs, the result of the swimmers of the experimental group was 20.3 ± 0.8 s, and in the control - 25.8 ± 1.1 s. Significance of differences was established between them (t = 4.04). There is a positive growth of sports results of young swimmers. A high increase in results was found in the Cooper test - 19%, swimming in the distances of 25 meters - 10%, 100 meters - 9%, 800 meters - 9% and 200 meters - 8%. The influence on the functional state of children during the experiment, the use in the training process of exercises that are not specific to swimmers and aimed at improving the level of development of functional abilities, which created the conditions for the most effective special physical training.

Correction of the functional stateof children with children’s cerebral paralysis 10-12 years old

Abstract. This article presents the results of the functional state of children with cerebral palsy at the age of 10–12 years based on the indicators of the hardware-software complex Varicard 2.51. A special set of mini-football exercises for children with infantile cerebral palsy at the age of 10–12 years will improve the functional state. Relevance. Every year, 800 thousand people get disability, one fourth of them are the category of people able to work. Over the past few years, there has been a noticeable increase in the indicators of disability increased by 8-10%, including the category of children. Medical experts say that by 2021, the birth of healthy children could be reduced by 15-20% of the total number of children. Problem. Goal. Tasks. To determine the effectiveness of the use of special mini-football exercises in children with cerebral palsy (CP) 10–12 years old for the correction of the functional state. Research materials and Methods. The study involved pupils of the Boarding School No. 5 of the city of Togliatti at the age of 10–12 years with infantile cerebral palsy with spastic form, who were divided into the main group and the comparison group. Results and its discussion. As a result of using a special set of mini-football exercises in the main group, there was a positive dynamic in the level of the functional state of children with cerebral palsy. Conclusions and conclusion. The data obtained in the study is of practical interest primarily for adaptive physical culture teachers. A special set of mini-football exercises helps to correct the functional state in a positive way.

Оцінювання фізичного стану дітей 5–6 років, які займаються оздоровчим фітнесом з елементами спортивних танців

Мета. Оцінити показники фізичного стану дітей 5–6 років як основи розробки оздо-ровчих фітнес-занять з елементами спортивних танців. Матеріал і методи. Досліджено 65 дітей 5–6 років. Здійснено аналіз даних антропометричних показників. Використано педагогічні, емпіричні, інструментальні методи дослідження та проведено статистичну обробку емпіричних даних. Результати. Обґрунтовано та проаналізовано вплив оздоровчих фітнес-занять з елементами спортивних танців на рівень фізичного стану дітей 5–6 років, встановлено їх функціональний стан. Визначено, що нормальне співвідношення маси й довжини тіла дітей у більшості випадків властиве для дітей 6 років, натомість у 5 років вони характеризуються недостатньоюмасою тіла. Виявлено, що діти 5–6 років, які займаються спортивними танцями, мали мезоморфний тип тілобудови, нормальну або знижену масу тіла, вирізнялися дещо завузькою грудною кліткою і не мали статистично значущих відмінностей між показниками фізичного розвитку залежно від статі. Висновки. Результати педагогічного дослідження підтвердили, що у цілому заняття спортивними танцями мали позитивний вплив на рівень фізичного стану дітей 5–6 років.

Hygienic characteristics of the functional state of the cardiorespiratory system of children exposed to combined effects of air pollution in different climatic conditions

Introduction. Economic activity without taking into account the ecological potential of the territory, the possibilities of self-purification of the natural environment, as well as the adaptive capabilities of the population has led to irreversible changes in many territories. This reduces the level of health of the population and hinders the socio-economic development of the regions.Material and methods. The research was conducted in seven cities located in four climatic zones with varying degrees of air pollution. To assess the level of atmospheric air pollution, the P-Pinigin index was used, and the WBGT index was used for meteorological factors. Data on a medico-biological and social nature were obtained through a questionnaire survey of parents (2380 children). The incidence rates were studied based on the materials of primary accounting documents of forms F. 112-u and F. 026-u (2400 children). In 506 children, indices of the functional state of the cardiorespiratory system, the function of the respiratory system, as well as the functional state of children before and after dosed physical activity were studied.Results. The study revealed more numerous groups of frequently and long-term ill children, children with lower indices of respiratory function, and adverse responses to the dosed physical activity. A more adverse effect of the combined effects of harsh climatic conditions and high levels of atmospheric pollution on the studied indices of children’s health was found.Conclusion. The results obtained should be taken into account when organizing medical services and ensuring the sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population living in the industrial cities of the Northern regions.

Correction of posture disorders with sport and ballroom dancing.

Introduction – to develop a program for the prevention and correction of posture disorders in children through the wide introduction into the process of physical education of sports and ballroom dancing. In the pedagogical experiment, 169 children were randomly divided to control (n=85) and main (n=84) groups (age 11-12). All children attend secondary school. Several diagnostic tests were conducted with children and the control exercises were analyzed. With the help of the performed factor analysis, the correlation of the means to be implemented in the process of using the dance in relation to prevention and correction of posture disorders was calculated. The program of prevention and correction of posture disorders in children was based on methods of diagnostics of the functional state of the spine, the purpose, tasks and content of sports ballroom dance classes and included seven sections. The main components of the program are highlighted, its influence on the correction of posture disorders, functional state of children were experimentally tested. The main focus is on correctional dance events; measures aimed at forming skills of performing simple dance moves; measures aimed at the general physical development of children; measures aimed at preventing specific anatomical and physiological abnormalities. The program of correction of posture disorders through the introduction into the educational process of sports and ballroom dancing was based on the results of the diagnosis of the functional state of the spine, including complimentary goals and objectives. Introduction to the educational process of sports and ballroom dancing included seven sections with active involvement in this process not only children but also their parents and teaching staff.

Biological age and vegetative regulation of heart rhythm in 8-year-old children residing in the European North of Russia

The second period of childhood is a crucial stage of ontogenesis which is characterized by the intensive morphofunctional development in the body. When children start school, the regulatory mechanisms for controlling visceral functions are still developing, under the influence of which adaptive responses to ambient factors form themselves. Parameters of physical development are reliable markers of adaptive processes. The functional state in children living in the European North of Russia at this age period is influenced by a combined set of specific ecological-climatic conditions and school-related stress exposure. The tong-term studies undertaken by domestic and foreign research teams have so far focused on the effect of this complex set of factors on the morphofunctional development in children, targeting to determine the mechanisms for maintaining physical and mental health in schoolchildren. In this regard to the foreground comes the need of improving school environment in order to increase academic performance and reduce the increasing rates of stress, disadaptation and decompensation of physiological functions in children.

Peculiarities of the Factorial Structure of the Functional State in Children Aged 9–10 Years

The factors that determine the functional state (FS) as an integral characteristic of the total body were identified in children aged 9–10 years (n = 168) and included the autonomic regulation of physiological functions (factor I), the efficiency of cognitive activity (factor II), physical working capacity (factor III), hemodynamic support of cognitive activity (factor IV), nonspecific resistance of the body (factor V), and overall working capability (factor VI). The factors were considered as separate FS aspects that reflects activities of different functional systems. Using a systemic approach, the physiological contents of the factors were established, the most informative indices were identified for FS evaluation, and reference values were proposed for comparisons and diagnosis of the FS in children of the age group in question in a school setting. Aerobic and anaerobic components of the physical working capacity and motor fitness were shown to correlate with the efficiency of cognitive activity and nonspecific resistance to catarrhal diseases as FS aspects. The factorial structure of the FS in children aged 9–10 years was found to be similar to that in subjects of 5–6 and 13–14 years of age. Based on the finding, the factors were assumed to be the most stable FS components forming during ontogeny.

Effects of Regular Physical Activity on the Visual Analyzer and the General Condition of Children and Adolescents

Purpose.to study the effect of physical exertion on the visual analyzer and the general functional state in children and adolescents who regularly engage in sports.Material and Methods.The study was conducted in a group of 600 children and adolescents aged from 8 to 17 years who were divided into two groups of 300 people: the I group — “athletes” (regularly engaged in sports), the second group — “schoolchildren” (those engaged in sports less than 3 hours per week). Each group was divided into two subgroups of 150 people — “emmetrops” and “myopes”. The parameters of visual acuity, axial eye length, indices of regional eye hemodynamics were evaluated.Results.After 12 months, the group “athletes” showed a statistically significant decrease in refraction on average by 0.14 ± 0.18 on the background of stable visual acuity. In the group “schoolchildren” there was a significant reduction in visual acuity without correction by 0.06 ± 0.19 (p = 0.004) and refractive indices by 0.35 ± 0.61 (p < 0.001) on the average. After 12 months, among the emmetrops, myopia was diagnosed in 6 % of cases in the “athletes” group and 10 % in the “schoolchildren” group. Among the “myopes” in both groups there was a significant increase in the body mass index and the number of persons with impaired functional state of the musculoskeletal system in the form of a violation of posture and shape of the foot in comparison with the “emmetrops”.Сonclusion.Regular physical activity can be considered as one of the factors preventing the development and progression of myopia, and functional disorders of the musculoskeletal system in the form of violation of posture and shape of the foot and excessive body weight — as possible risk factors for the development of myopia.

FUNCTIONAL TESTING OF THE MUSCLES IN THE HYGIENIC EVALUATION OF THE PREVENTIVE EFFICACY OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION IN PRIMARY SCHOOL

The possibility of using the results of functional muscle testing in the evaluation of the preventive efficacy of the physical education of children in primary school is discussed. The results of the evaluation of the functional state of the pectoral muscles and muscles of the shoulder girdle, muscles of the pelvis and lower extremities in 59 first grade pupils in the dynamics of 2 years of the learning of the physical education differentiated according to the gender (the grade of girls and the grade of boys). The elective part of the educational program of physical education consisted of separate units focused on the development of mainly flexibility and coordination in girls, strength, and endurance - in boys. It is established that most often the decreasing of muscles elasticity was characteristic of pectoralis muscles and shoulder girdle muscles compared to the muscles of the pelvis and lower extremities. Peculiarities of the distribution of the enslavement of muscles and the dynamics of their functional state in children of different genders in the learning process are established. The conclusion about the expediency of functional muscle testing for hygienic evaluation of the preventive efficacy of physical education in primary school was made.

The Functional State of Children Aged 6–8 Years on Testing by Exposure to Different Types of Tension-Inducing Loads

Factor analysis of various measures of functional status identified the key regulatory processes determining psychophysiological reactivity in children aged 6–8 years (n = 102) on performance of mental, sensorimotor, and physical tasks. The characteristics of children’s reactivity to additional loads, apparent from the psychophysiological parameters combined to produce different factors, in most cases persisted in all test tasks. Stable patterns of physiological responses were demonstrated in conditions of tension-inducing mental, sensorimotor, and physical loads. The study results indicate that stress responses can be regarded as a psychophysiological process preparing the child’s body for tension-inducing activity.

Новый подход к анализу функционального состояния организма детей и подростков с сахарным диабетом 1 типа

Новый подход к анализу функционального состояния организма детей и подростков с сахарным диабетом 1 типа

Functional State of Young Children Bodies in Connection with Characteristics of Labor

Goal of research - the study aims to compare and evaluate of the functional state of the bodies of young children who were born with the help of medical labor induction and surgical delivery.Materials and methods. The authors conducted a complex clinical and instrumental examination of 150 young children of different sex, born via medical labor induction and surgical delivery. Modern clinical and physiological and experimental methods were used in the study. Results. The study revealed adverse functional changes in children′s health due to the characteristics of delivery. Children born via medical labor induction showed more pronounced changes in the functional state of the body compared with the children born via surgical delivery.Conclusion. The results of the correlation analysis showed that in comparison with the operative delivery, medical labor induction leads to stronger and more numerous interrelations between the factors of the functional state of children′s bodies, which is an unfavorable sign.

Цитологічне дослідження функціонального стану піднебінних мигдаликів у дітей, хворих на цукровий діабет 1 типу і хронічний тонзиліт

Цитологічне дослідження функціонального стану піднебінних мигдаликів у дітей, хворих на цукровий діабет 1 типу і хронічний тонзиліт