Functional Mobility Of Nervous Processes Research Articles

The Influence of Personality Type D and Coping Strategies on Cognitive Functioning in Students.

Academic and emotional challenges faced by medical students can affect their psychological well-being and health. Personal characteristics may also predispose one to the manifestation of distress reactions. Individuals with type D personality have an increased tendency to develop depressive reactions and somatic diseases, including the presence of cognitive dysfunction. In students, the presence of cognitive dysfunction may additionally adversely affect academic and psycho-emotional problems. The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of type D personality and coping strategies on cognitive functioning in medical students. A cross-sectional study included 258 medical students (age 19 ± 1.2 years, 79 men). All participants completed psychological questionnaires (DS-14 to identify type D personality, and The Coping Strategy Indication, CSI-to determine coping strategies), as well as extensive neuropsychological testing of cognitive functions. Among the medical students examined, the frequency of identification of type D personality was 44%. In persons with personality type D, according to psychometric testing, a decrease in the level of functional mobility of nervous processes (FMNP) was noted, which was manifested in an increase in the test completion time (p < 0.001) and an increase in the number of errors (p < 0.001) during the FMNP test, and an increase in the test completion time in the attention concentration test. In addition, in type D participants, an increase in the test execution time during the attention test was noted (p = 0.007). Personality type D was an independent risk factor for cognitive decline in students in multiple linear regression analysis, when type D was analyzed as a dichotomous construct. Assessing personal characteristics and identifying personality type D is advisable for medical students, to develop subsequent programs to increase their resistance to academic challenges, improve cognitive function, and also to prepare for future stress loads during professional activities in the field of healthcare.

Features of the influence of working conditions on psychophysiological functions of unmanned aircraft systems operators

This study was conducted to determine the influence and assess the impact of specific factors of working conditions on the psychophysiological functions of Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) operators. The research involved 41 military personnel (men aged 20-35 years old) who operated the I class “Light” UAS and were engaged in a varied range of professional tasks. The aim was to understand the complex impact of these distinct factors on operators during the execution of their duties. To examine their psychophysiological status, we employed modified methods using the PFI-2 hardware/software complex. The following indicators were determined: accuracy of reaction to a moving object, strength of nervous processes, functional mobility of nervous processes, simple visual-motor reaction, complex visual-motor reaction, orientation in space, and visual memory. The role of climatic and microclimatic factors in professional activity was studied using a questionnaire, where their influence on functional status was assessed on a 100-point scale. To facilitate further theoretical development and practical application, we determined the investigated factors integral impact on shaping operators’ subjective perception and specific psychophysiological qualities that are professionally significant for military personnel. The preliminary analysis showed the heterogeneity of feelings the influence of various components of the external environment factor. To correct this heterogeneity, we used the non-linear correction method (logarithmization of analyzed data, when large values of an analyzed parameter could be reduced due to the properties of logarithmic function). Then, a correlation (Spearman correlation coefficient) and regression analysis of studied parameters has been carried out with a preliminary check of the structure of operator perceptions for normality using the Shapiro-Wilk test. As a result, a list of psychophysiological qualities that change under the influence of the external environment factor in individuals with different perceptivity to its components has been selected.

Особливості застосування психофізіологічних профілів операторів безпілотних авіаційних комплексів для професійного відбору

In order to develop new approaches to the psychophysiological selection of operators, 219 male servicemen aged 20 to 40 years old with experience in operating unmanned aerial systems of the first class Light and involved in a wide range of professional tasks were examined. To study their psychophysiological status, modified methods were used using the PFI-2 hardware and software complex. The following indicators were determined: accuracy of reaction to a moving object, strength of nervous processes, functional mobility of nervous processes, simple visual-motor reaction, complex visual-motor reaction, orientation in space, and visual memory. To identify a set of informative indicators that can best divide the analyzed group of operators into 3 clusters, a stepwise discriminant analysis was applied. The technique was developed to obtain several psychophysiological profiles of vocational aptitude, equally effective in terms of content. The statistical discrepancy of these profiles has been established. Ways of evaluating the superiority of these profiles have been shown. The principle of “necessary diversity” in the implementation of occupational psychophysiological selection of operators working in conditions with increased danger has been proposed and discussed. A number of advantages of using this principle to increase accuracy and expand the contingent of persons subject to occupational psychophysiological selection have been identified. The technology of graphical presentation of psychophysiological profiles of operators of unmanned aerial complexes was developed for the purpose of assessment of suitability for professional tasks.

FEATURES OF NEURODYNAMIC AND SENSORIMOTOR REACTIONS IN CHILDREN AGED 5-7 YEARS

Abstract. The study presents the results of research on sensorimotor reactions and neurodynamic indicators in children aged 5-7 years, which serve as a necessary and essential criterion for assessing the psychophysiological development of preschool participants. The aim is to prevent maladaptive disorders and preserve the health of the future generation.&#x0D; Objective. To investigate and analyse the dynamics of neurodynamic and sensorimotor response features in children aged 5-7 years. Research Methods and Discussion. The study was conducted with children aged 5-7 years at the educational institution “Primary School — Preschool Educational Establishment” No. 42 in the city of Sumy. To study the age dynamics of neurodynamic and sensorimotor indicators, an instrumental diagnostic method was chosen using the “Diagnos-1M” device. Functional mobility of nervous processes (FMNP), strength of nervous processes (SNP), and balance of nervous processes (BNP) were evaluated. To identify individual characteristics of sensorimotor reactions of different complexity levels, latent periods of simple visual-motor reaction (PZMR), latent periods of choice reaction to one of three (CR 1–3) and two of three (CR 2-3) signals were determined.&#x0D; Conclusions: The study revealed that children at the age of 7, in comparison to children aged 5 and 6, have significantly higher indicators in all neurodynamic parameters (SNP, FMNP, BNP) and sensorimotor reactions (PZMR, CR (1–3), CR (2–3)). This may indicate not only the completion of the anatomical structure of the brain but also the morphological and functional development of subcortical structures and the cerebral cortex.

To the characterization of nervous processes in people with different heat sensitivity

The aim of the study was to diagnose functional mobility and strength of nervous processes in people with different heat sensitivity.Materials and methods. For this study, 150 students aged 17-20 years were involved. The subjects were divided into two groups, according to the questionnaire "Levels of heat sensitivity" and heat test. Diagnosing functional mobility of nervous processes in the feedback mode was conducted using the computer program "Diagnost 1M". The strength of nervous processes was also studied, according to the quality of mental load, using the imposed rhythm mode and in the feedback mode. Results. According to the results of the examination, it was found that participants with lower heat sensitivity (group B) have a higher rate of nervous processes strength according to the criterion of the total number of presented and processed signals within five minutes. They also had an average level of functional mobility of nervous processes. Participants with higher heat sensitivity (group A) had a lower than average level of functional mobility. In addition, a correlation was found between the minimum reaction time to a stimulus and the level of heat sensitivity in people. Regarding the quality of mental load performance using the imposed rhythm mode, a higher than average level of test errors was found in group A, while in group B this indicator was within the average level.Conclusions. Persons with lower heat sensitivity have a higher level of strength of nervous processes and their functional mobility, which results in more successful coping with mental load in the mode of imposed rhythm, compared to participants with higher heat sensitivity. Therefore, in subjects with a higher level of heat sensitivity, compared to those with a lower level, impaired concentration and decreased mental performance occur earlier.

Study of psychophysiological indicators of future police officers taking into account the gender aspect

The article is devoted to the study of the psychomotor abilities of future police officers, taking into account the gender aspect (using the example of cadets of the Dnipropetrovsk State University of Internal Affairs). At the current stage, the issue of modern ways of integrating the gender perspective in the police occupies considerable attention of specialists, namely in the context of bringing it into line with the requirements of international standards. During the performance of official tasks, women and men have equal opportunities in interaction, cooperation, equal distribution of responsibilities, readiness to help regardless of gender, gender self-identification, etc. The goal is to study the features of psychomotor abilities of future police officers of both sexes of the Dnipropetrovsk State University of Internal Affairs. Cadets of both genders of the Dnipropetrovsk State University of Internal Affairs aged 17 to 20 participated in the research (girls n=16, boys n=26). Methods: system-functional analysis; pedagogical experiment; methods of mathematical statistics. Psychophysiological indicators were studied in cadets using the «Diagnost-1» computer method. Mathematical and statistical analysis of the obtained results was carried out using the Statistica 6.0 program. In the course of the experiment, the psychomotor abilities of cadets of both sexes were investigated (maximum muscle effort, the error of differentiated muscle effort (50% of the maximum dynamometry of the hand), the assessment of the sense of time (5 s and 10 s). Significant differences between the group of girls and boys were found only in the indicator of the maximum strength of the hand of the leading hand (p&lt;0.05).Other investigated indicators (accuracy of differentiation of muscle effort and assessment of the sense of time 5 s and 10 s), taking into account the gender aspect, did not show probable differences between those who were studied (p&gt;0.05). The functional mobility of nervous processes is statistically better in boys compared to girls (p&lt;0.05), the results of simple and complex visual-motor tests are statistically better in girls (p&lt;0.05). The results of the strength of nervous processes in young men are significantly better than in girls. Thus, it can be stated that a number of indicators of psychophysiological functions vary in both boys and girls, and according to individual indicators of psychological functions and levels of reactions, they are at the same level (time speed of assessing the situation and quick decision-making). The obtained data make it possible to assert that future police officers, regardless of gender, can perform their professional duties at a high professional level.

Психофизиологические корреляты копинг-поведения у лиц юношеского возраста, перенесших COVID-19

The global nature of the epidemiological situation associated with the spread of the new coronavirus infection COVID-19 and the multidisciplinary nature of the problem of psychophysiological disorders in people who have suffered from this disease has led to the need for a comprehensive study of the factors affecting postcovid recovery. Taking into account the nature of the problem posed, the purpose of the presented work was to study the relationship of psychophysiological parameters with indicators of stress-overcoming (coping) behavior in adolescents who have undergone COVID-19. The study included 54 students of Kemerovo State University, who were divided into a group of COVID-19 patients and a group without symptoms of the disease. To assess coping behavior, the questionnaire «Ways of Coping Question-naire» was used (Folkman, Lazarus; adaptation of Kryukova et al.). An automated computer complex “PFK” was used to study psychophysiological indicators. The following psychophysiological indicators were evaluated: simple visual-motor reaction, complex visual-motor reaction, anticipations and delays in assessing the reaction to a moving object, concentration and volume of attention, brain performance, the level of functional mobility of nervous processes, short-term memory for numbers and words, random access memory. According to the results of the correlation analysis, the interrelations between avoidant forms of coping behavior, such as “distancing”, “escape-avoidance”, “positive reassessment” with indicators of memory, attention, mobility of nervous processes, the number of inaccurate reactions to a moving object and the working capacity of the brain were recorded, which indicates a link between the increase in psychophysiological and cognitive disorders and preference in choosing care from stressful situations after a disease. Deterioration of memory and functioning of the nervous system lead to more frequent requests for support from others to receive additional help from them. The weakening of the nervous system also leads to more frequent use of productive coping strategies “taking responsibility” and “planning problem solving”, which, at the same time, additionally make it possible to compensate for cognitive impairments by performing tasks more accurately. In the group that did not have symptoms of COVID-19, no significant correlations were found between coping avoidance strategies and psychophysiological or cognitive impairments. Based on the results obtained, it can be assumed that the restoration of cognitive functions during psychocorrective work will make it possible to actualize the patient's choice of productive coping strategies and switch to a healthy behavior model.

Особливості психофізіологічного статусу студентів з різними типами вегетативної регуляції в умовах навантаження

The process of students’ adaptation should be considered as a dynamic and integrated process of forming the necessary skills to meet the needs that arise during study at a higher education institution. The purpose of the study was to establish the nature of psychophysiological indicators of students with different types of autonomic regulation in conditions of physical and mental activity. Materials and methods. The article presents the results of a study of the psychophysiological indicators of 128 students (65 boys and 63 girls) of the Petro Mohyla Black Sea National University aged 17-25 years. All students had psychophysiological indicators before and after mental and physical activity measured with the device for psychophysiological research «PFI-2». The students were divided into groups according to the types of vegetative regulation, according to the method of express assessment of the functional state of regulatory systems according to N. I. Shlyk. All students had indicators of heart rate variability at rest on short recordings of the cardiac signal (2 minutes), obtained with the help of the rhythm «MPFI-rhythmograph-1». Proofreading method according to the method of M. V. Krivonosov et al. (2001) was used as a mental load, which consisted of finding and selecting a specific letter in test tables for 20-25 minutes. Aerobic exercise consisted of taking a distance of 2 km on a rowing machine Concept-2 for 10 minutes. Results and discussion. The obtained results showed that after the mental load, the psychophysiological indicators of students of all groups did not change reliably, which led to the formation of adaptation mechanisms. However, only the students of group 3 have grouped reliable changes in some indicators of the correct sample, which reflects the state of development of mobilization. After physical exertion, changes in individual and typological indicators were observed in representatives of groups 1 and 3. A significant decrease in the indicators of functional mobility of nervous processes and the strength of nervous processes indicates the mobilization of the body's reserves. The value of the dynamics of nervous processes in group 1 significantly increased after physical exertion, which indicates the development of a state of fatigue. There was also a significant increase in the number of anticipated/delayed reactions in group 3, which indicates the predominance of excitation processes over inhibition. After physical exertion, no significant changes in psychodynamic parameters were observed, but in group 2, the time of the complex simple visual-motor reaction significantly increased, which indicates the development of a state of fatigue. After physical exercise, the students of group 3 have observed significant changes in the values of the correction test indicators, which indicates the mobilization of the body's reserves. Conclusion. The analysis of the results of the study made it possible to establish that the mental load had an insignificant effect on the representatives of group 3. After physical exertion, significant changes were observed in representatives of all groups, except for group 4

Factors for early postoperative cognitive impairment in patients after coronary bypass surgery and carotid endarterectomy

Aim. To determine the relationship between perioperative factors and cognitive function in patients after coronary bypass grafting (CABG) in combination with unilateral carotid endarterectomy (CE).Material and methods. We examined 56 men in the perioperative period with CABG combined with unilateral CE (mean age, 64,0±7,1 years). Cognitive assessment was performed before and 5-7 days after surgery with Status PF program. An advanced psychometric examination included an assessment of voluntary attention (Bourdon test), short-term memory (tests on memorizing 10 numbers, 10 words, and 10 syllables), neurodynamics (visual-motor reaction time, level of functional mobility of nervous processes, brain performance, as well as the number of errors in these tasks and missed positive signals). The concentration of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and S100β protein in the blood serum of patients before surgery, 24 hours and 5-7 days after surgery was determined using enzyme immunoassay.Results. In the early postoperative period, an increase in reaction time (p=0,031) was accompanied by an increase in errors in this test (p=0,042) and a decrease in the number of memorized numbers (p=0,022). Twenty four hours and 5-7 days after surgery, there were no differences between the perioperative NSE level (p1-2-3&gt;0.05). Twenty four hours after CABG surgery, the level of S100β protein increased by 9,0% (p=0,001), while regression of S100β protein to the preoperative level was observed 5-7 days after operation.Conclusion. A relationship was found between the CABG factor and the attention level (r=-0,518; p=0,031), functional mobility reaction time (r=0,476; p=0,041), and the number of errors (r=0,449; p=0,032). A correlation was found between the factor of neurochemical markers, the number of processed letters on the 1st minute of Bourdon test (r=-0,642; p=0,014), the total number of processed letters in Bourdon test (r=-0,617; p=0,017). The combined factor of perioperative period was associated with functional mobility reaction time (r=0,609; p=0,041), the number of processed letters at 4 min (r=-0,490; p=0,017), and the total number of processed letters in the Bourdon test (r=-0,334; p=0,006).

Сharacteristics of manifestation of psychophysiological features of qualified women-boxers in the preparatory period

Characteristics of the psychophysiological state of qualified female boxers in the preparatory period. Purpose: to study the level of manifestation of psychophysiological properties of women boxers in the preparatory period. Methods. The following methods were used in the study: psychophysiological research methods; methods of mathematical statistics. Using the complex computer system "Multipsychometer-05", sensorimotor reactions, endurance of the nervous system, balance of nervous processes, functional mobility of nervous processes were determined. Results. The analysis of the results obtained indicates a significant variability in terms of the psychophysical state, the coefficients of variation V, % are in the range from V=778.87% to V=25.63%, which indicates the heterogeneity of the sample and the need to individualize the training process. An analysis of the psychophysiological state of female boxers, including mental, physiological and behavioral levels, is characterized by a low average group indicator of reaction latency based on the results of a sensorimotor reaction, an average level of stability indicating the balance of the nervous system, and an average level of endurance of the nervous system. In the vast majority of 89.5% (n=17) of the studied female boxers, the results of the duty cycle indicate an irrational organization of motor activity. According to the results of the balance of nervous processes, 42.1% (n=8) of female boxers have high own values of the accuracy and stability index, have high abilities to perform cognitive tasks, for the solution of which it is necessary to involve the function of thinking and concentrate attention. The obtained results of the study can serve to individualize and correct the training activities of female boxers in the preparatory period. Conclusion. Manifestation of psychophysiological properties in skilled women boxers has considerable variability, which indicates the need for an individual approach to training.

РЕЗЕРВНІ МОЖЛИВОСТІ КАРДІОРЕСПІРАТОРНОЇ СИСТЕМИ У ФУТБОЛІСТІВ З РІЗНИМИ ІНДИВІДУАЛЬНО-ТИПОЛОГІЧНИМИ ВЛАСТИВОСТЯМИ НЕРВОВОЇ СИСТЕМИ

ntroduction. The factors that are decisive in achieving high sports results in football and have a significant impact on the game activities of players, are technical, tactical, moral and volitional characteristics and physical performance of players. In our opinion, the individual typological properties of the central nervous system and the functional state of the cardiorespiratory system can have a significant impact on the outcome of the game and the game activity of football players. We suggest that there may be a functional relationship between individual typological traits that are highly genetically determined features of the central nervous system and the reserve capacity of the cardiorespiratory system.Purpose. To find out the reserve capabilities of the cardiorespiratory system of football players with different individual-typological properties of the nervous system.Methods. The individual-typological properties of the CNS and the functional characteristics of the cardiorespiratory system were studied in the elite football players. Results. In the course of our research, the indicators of the properties of the main nervous processes, namely, functional mobility (FMNP), strength (SNP) and balance (BNP) of nervous processes, were determined. The reserve capabilities of cardiorespiratory functions of sportsmen were established according to the following indicators: respiratory coefficient (RC), heart rate (HR, beats ·min-1), systolic (CO, ml) and minute blood volume (Q, l. min-1), indicators of minute tidal volume (VE, l. min.-1), oxygen consumption (VO2, ml · min.-1, ml · min.-1· kg. -1), carbon dioxide emissions (VCO2, ml · min.-1, ml · min.-1· kg.-1) and blood lactate (HLa). Correlation links have been established between individual-typological properties on the example of FMNP and functions of the cardiorespiratory system (r = 0.37-0.51). Originality.It was found that the balance of nervous processes (BNP) was characterized by the greatest reserve capabilities among individual-typological properties. Among cardiorespiratory functions, the greatest reserve capabilities were found for indicators - Hla, VE and VO2. The results of correlation analysis indicate that the cardiorespiratory functions of highly qualified football players depend on the individual-typological properties of the nervous system.Conclusion.We have determined reserve capabilities among individual-typological and cardiorespiratory properties. The greatest reserve capabilities are the balance of nervous processes and indicators of lactate in the blood, the minute volume of respiration and oxygen consumption. 42 Серія «Біологічні науки», 202 2During physical activity in groups of elite football players with a high level of development of typological properties of the nervous system, the characteristics of cardiorespiratory functions are much more pronounced. There are relationships between individual-typological property - FMNP and indicators of cardiorespiratory functions - НLa, VE and VO2 (r = 0.37-0.51).Thus, the functional mobility of nervous processes determines the reserve capabilities of the cardiorespiratory system, which in turn limits the physical performance of football players.Key words: individual-typological properties of the CNS; cardiorespiratory functions; reserve capabilities of functional systems.

СТАН ОСНОВНИХ ПСИХОФІЗІОЛОГІЧНИХ ФУНКЦІЙ У ВІЙСЬКОВОСЛУЖБОВЦІВ РІЗНОГО ВІКУ

To discover age-related changes in the simple sensorimotor reaction (SSMR), choice reaction (CR), functional mobility of nervous processes (FMNP) and brain productivity (BP), as well as to determine the stress index (SI) of regulatory systems during performance of these tests. Forty-seven healthy volunteers, representatives of military professions, aged 18–54 were divided into three groups (first group – 18–23 years, n=16; second group – 24– 34 years, n=19; third group – 35–54 years, n=12) and performed original computer tests to determine SSMR, CR, FMNP and BP. An electrocardiogram (ECG) was recorded in parallel. Although the rate of SSMR and CR did not differ for participants of three groups, the SI was significantly higher in the third group, compared with the first group (p&lt;0.01) during SSMR. During CR performance it was significantly higher for the third and second groups compared with the first one (p&lt;0.01). The FMNP index was significantly higher in the third group compared to the first one (p&lt;0.05), and BP had the highest values for the second group compared to the first one (p&lt;0.01). During performance of BP test, the SI did not differ in three groups, and during the test for FMNP it was significantly higher in the third group compared to the first one (p&lt;0.01). The effectiveness of simple tasks (SSMR and CR) does not change with age, but their level is maintained due to increase of the SI of regulatory systems, i.e. increasing sympathetic tone. The FMNP value mainly depends on the individual CNS characteristics than on age. The highest level of FMNP was in the elderly. They also had elevated levels of the SI of regulatory systems. The reason of this could be associated with the high activity of cortical neurons, which leads to intensification of metabolic processes and changes in the level of autonomic supply. The lowest level of relative error, i.e. the highest level of BP was found in the middle age group. At the same time, no differences were found in the SI of regulatory systems between servicemen of different age groups during BP test performance.

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ НЕЙРОДИНАМІЧНИХ ТА ПСИХОФІЗІОЛОГІЧНИХ ФУНКЦІЙ ДІТЕЙ 5-7 РОКІВ З РІЗНИМ РІВНЕМ ЗОРОВОГО ТА СЛУХОВОГО СПРИЙНЯТТЯ

Introduction. The period from 5 to 7 years attracts special attention from scientists, as it is a sensitive and critical stage of individual development of the child's body.Most domestic and foreign scholars emphasize the need of selecting the content, forms and methods of teaching in accordance with age and gender. However, the peculiarity of the study is that during training should also take into account the psycho-physiological and neurodynamic characteristics of the development of participants in the educational process and adjust teaching methods based on them for more effective perception of certain information by children.The formation of visual and auditory perception for children 5-7 years, as an indicator of readiness, is one of the main cognitive functions, which is formed due to interanalytic complexes of nerve connections and maturity of the cerebral cortex.Therefore, significant attention should be paid to the invariant and variable component of the "New Ukrainian School" of the Standard curriculum of general secondary education for grades 1-2 and preschools, developed under the leadership of O. Savchenko [1], for improving cognitive development and prevention of maladaptation changes in the body during training.Purpose. The aim is to study the features of neurodynamic and mental functions of children of preschool and primary school age with different levels of visual and auditory perception.20 Серія «Біологічні науки», 202 2Methods. The observation was carried out on children aged 5-7 of two educational institutions "Secondary schools of I degrees - preschool educational institutions" No 41 and No42 of Sumy (n = 246).The method of assessment of auditory memory "Learning 10 words" (A.R. Luria, 1973) for informative study of memory was chosen. Determination of the volume of visual random memory was performed according to the method of Shipitsyna LM.M.V. Makarenko’s method on the computer complex “Diagnost-1” was used to determine individual-typological features of higher nervous activity of children.Results. The highest rate of auditory memory was recorded for children aged 6 and 7 years, in contrast to children aged 5 years, in whom the development of cognitive processes was carried outthrough visual perception. Children 5 years of age had longer latent periods obtained during sensorimotor response of varying complexity and lower results of SNP, FRNP, PGM during mental stress in contrast to children 6 and 7 years.A similar trend was also observed among boys aged 5-7 compared to girls in this age group.According to the results of neurodynamic studies, it was found that the best values of SNP, FRNP, PGM and shorter latent periods of SVMR, RC1-2, RC1-3, RC2-3 were obtained for individualswith high levels of visual and auditory perception.Originality. The idea of neurodynamic and psychophysiological functions of children 5-7 years with different levels of visual and auditory perception is expanded.Conclusions. The importance of psychophysiological and neurodynamic functions of children 5-7 years with different levels of visual and auditory perception to prevent maladaptation in the educational process was substantiated.Key words: children; cognitive development; functional mobility of nervous processes; strength of nervous processes; sensorimotor systems.

Peculiarities of changes of psychophysiological functions, state of human adaptive capacity and stress resistance of students of higher medical institutions

The study is devoted to assessing the psychophysiological adaptive capabilities of students of higher medical institutions. There was conducted a screening study on the basis of which a correlation analysis of a group of 42 students was performed. The main inclusion criterion was good physical activity. Exclusion criteria - the presence of chronic diseases, acute respiratory viral infections at the time of examination, taking antidepressants or psychoactive substances. The study was aimed to identify the peculiarities of changes in psychophysiological functions and the state of adaptive capacity of students of higher medical institutions being in stressful conditions. The following methods from the software and hardware complex "Psycholot-1" were used for the study: "Functional mobility of nervous processes according to Khilchenko" and "Memory." The survey was conducted under micro-stress, it means all tasks had to be completed in a limited period. Statistical analysis of the data was performed to establish correlations between psychophysiological indicators of short-term memory and functional mobility of nervous processes (Spearman's rank correlation index). It was found that the faster the stimulus appears in conditions of time deficit, the lower the mobility of nervous processes in the student, which is directly reflected in the indicators in increasing the minimum exposure time of the figure on the screen (0.27±0.007 s). In addition, a relationship was found between the rate of reaction of the left hand to a stimulus and the amount of information that a person can store in short-term memory. The information obtained will help to determine the initial data of the adaptive capacity of a potentially healthy contingent of people and predict their success in further professional activities in the sphere of medicine.

Psychophysiological basis of individual human behavioral reactions

The aim of the research: elucidation of autonomic dynamics (according to the electrical resistance of the skin) during functional load, taking into account the individual-typological properties of the nervous system and psychological qualities of the individual.&#x0D; Materials and methods. Determined the functional mobility of nervous processes (FMNP, the method of M. V. Makarenko), electrical resistance of the skin (polygraph study), psychological personality traits (16-factor personality questionnaire by Cattell).&#x0D; Results. The relationship between FMNP, individual parameters of skin galvanic response and some personality traits has been identified. The questions concerning the role of individual-typological properties of the nervous system in the development of autonomic reactivity, their connection with psychological personality traits, prediction of possible behavioural reactions and states are considered.&#x0D; Conclusions. It was found that individuals with high FMNP in terms of sensorimotor response, more likely to have a variant of behavioral response, which is characterized by maximum speed and accuracy of the task, low anxiety. However, there is a risk of overstrain of the autonomic nervous system (according to the indicators of the phase electrical resistance of the skin (ERS)). In the case of low levels of FMNP, a variant of behavioural response with relatively low task efficiency, slow autonomic regulatory processes and a tendency to experience is more common. We claim that FMNP is involved in creating a neurodynamic, autonomic and psychological basis for individual behaviour during sensorimotor response in emotionally stressful conditions. The identified differences can be useful for determining the optimal area of ​​professional activity, settling interpersonal relationships in the team, predicting the limits of acceptable actions and human actions, assessing the likelihood of risks of personal responsibility, the degree of stress, and so on

Особливості психофізіологічних характеристик у кваліфікованих боксерів

Purpose: to study the features of psychophysiological characteristics in qualified boxers with different levels of performance. Material and methods. The study used the following methods: analysis of scientific and methodological information, Internet sources and generalization of practical experience, psychophysiological research methods, methods of mathematical statistics. A dynamometer «Spuderg» designed by M.P. Savchyn was used to assess the special performance. The index of creatine phosphate working capacity of boxers was determined (according to the test of the boxer's strikes fulfillment for 8 seconds at maximum speed). We examined 26 qualified boxers, members of the national team of Kiev at the age of 18-24 years. According to the creatine phosphate working capacity index, all boxers were divided into two conditional groups. The first group with a high level of working capacity (from 200 and more USD) and the group with a low level of special working capacity (below 200 USD). The first group included 12 people, the second - 14 athletes. Results: based on the analysis of scientific and methodological literature, it was revealed that a high level of special performance in qualified boxers is provided by a high lability of the nervous system and the speed of processing of visual information with simultaneous control over spontaneous actions under conditions of motor response. During the study, an assessment was made of: complex sensorimotor reactions (functional mobility of nervous processes; reaction to a moving object), specific perceptions (reaction rate to non-verbal stimuli). Conclusions. The study made it possible to establish that boxers with a high level of special working capacity have a balance between the processes of arousal and inhibition, while boxers with a reduced level of working capacity have a predominance of arousal processes and high values of impulsivity, which indicate the presence of spontaneous, unprepared actions when responding to external irritants. The connection between the quality and speed of perception of visual information and special performance in qualified boxers was also revealed. Keywords: qualified boxers, psychophysiological characteristics, special working capacity, types of control

ASSESSMENT OF THE FUNCTIONAL STATE OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM IN ADOLESCENTS LIVING IN THE NORTH

Background. The function of the central nervous system in adolescents reflects the complex influence of climatic and social conditions, as well as morphofunctional lability characteristic of puberty. Studying the functional state of the central nervous system in adolescents living at high latitudes is important for forming a region-dependent norm of the functional state of the body. Aim. The paper aims to reveal the features of sensorimotor integration as an indicator of the functional state of the central nervous system in 11–14-year-old students living in the North. Materials and methods. 88 schoolchildren from Surgut (46 males and 42 females) aged 11–12 years (1 group, n = 33) and 13–14 years (2 group, n = 55) were examined. Psychophysiological testing was carried out with the help of the NS-Psychotest hardware and software (Neurosoft, Ivanovo). The following methods were used: simple visual and motor reaction, complex visual and motor reaction – choice reaction. Mathematical and statistical processing was carried out in Microsoft Excel and Statistica 10.0. Results. Sex-related differences in neurodynamic data were revealed: average parameters of boys of both groups in comparison with girls are characteristic of a more active and mobile central nervous system. The functional state of the central nervous system in males is higher than that of females in both age groups, though, sensorimotor responses of females are more stable. Age-related improvements in sensorimotor integration were noted due to improved cerebral processing of sensory information by reducing latency time of sensorimotor responses. In males, depending on age, there was a tendency to negative changes in the functional state of the central nervous system. Conclusions. The results obtained describe the average level of activation and a high level of functional mobility of nervous processes in all adolescents. The average level of the functional state of the central nervous system reflects the optimal functional capabilities of the participants, which is the basis for effective psychophysiological adaptation to living conditions and educational activities.

Do the results of the sensomotor response reflect the typological properties of the central nervous system?

Introduction.During the study, we tried to find out whether the temporal characteristics of sensory-motor response can reflect the typological properties of the central nervous system. Such research is essential to reveal the mechanisms of development of higher mental functions and mental capacity.Purpose.To establish the relationship between the speed characteristics of visual-motor reaction different complexity and individual-typological properties of the central nervous system.Methods.Individual differences of sensorimotor reaction and the properties of the main nervous processes were determined by the method of M. V. Makarenko [8] using the computer system "Diagnost-1". 32 teenagers aged 10-11 were examined. During the study, the indicators of latent periods of simple (SVMR) and complex visual-motor reactions of choice (RC1-2, RC2-3), functional mobility of nervous processes (FMNS) were investigated. Results.Speed characteristics of simple (SVMR) and complex visual-motor reactions of choice of one (RC1-3) and choice of two (RC2-3) excitatory and inhibitory signals were studied in order to 202177use them to assess individual typological properties of the central nervous system (CNS) in adolescents 10-11 years old. There is no evidence of a relationship between the rate of SVMR with different levels of functional mobility (FMNS) of nervous processes in adolescents 10-11 years old.The reaction rate did not differ statistically and was the same in representatives with high, medium and low levels oftypological properties of nervous system. The results of the correlation analysis between SVMR and FMNP were r = 0.13 (p = 0.59), which indicated no relationship between them. The relationship of sensorimotor response time with individual-typological features of the CNS was established in complex information differentiation RC2-3. The temporal characteristics of RC2-3 were dependent on the individual-typological properties of the CNS.The reaction rate of RC2-3 was higher in adolescents 10-11 years old with high levels of -3 were r = 0.35 (p = 0.034).The results show that the velocity characteristics of complex neurodynamic acts, in contrast to simple ones, can be used as quantitative characteristics of the typological properties of the CNS.Originality.The results of our research may be evidence that the indicator RC2-3 can be used as an additional informative criterion for assessing the individual-typological properties of the higher parts of the central nervous system.Conclusion. The temporal characteristics of SVMR and RC1-3 cannot be considered as informative criteria for assessing the individual-typological properties of CNS in adolescents 10-11 years. Time characteristics of RC2-3 differentiation reactions can be used as additional indicators for assessing the individual-typological properties of higher nervous activity in adolescents 10-11 years, namely, the level of functional mobility of nervous processes.Key words:processing of information of various complexity, speed characteristics of simple reactions, motor acts of choice and differentiation, individual-typological properties, functional mobility of nervous processes

ЗВ’ЯЗОК ІНИВІДУАЛЬНО-ТИПОЛОГІЧНИХ ВЛАСТИВОСТЕЙЦНСЗ ЕХО-КАРДІОСКОПІЧНИМИ ПОКАЗНИКАМИ СЕРЦЯ ФУТБОЛІСТІВВИСОКОЇ КВАЛІФІКАЦІЇ

Introduction.The importance and relevance of studyingthe adaptation of sportsman’s organism to training and competitive loads in modern conditions is caused by ever-increasing demands for their morphofunctional and mental capabilities. The study of the ratio of functional characteristics of the cardiovascular system by echocardioscopy indicators and their connection with the individual-typological properties of the CNS is stipulated by theoretical and practical necessity.Purpose.The goal of the research is to determine the relationship between the individual and typological properties of the central nervous system and the functional capabilities of the heart in terms of the echocardioscopy parameters in highly qualified football players.Methods. The functional characteristics of the heart were studied in highly qualified football players (n = 64) and non-sportsmen (n = 73) with different individual and typological properties of the CNS by echocardioscopy parameters. Individual and typological differences and properties of the main nervous processes were determined by the method of M.V. Makarenko using the “Diagnost-1M” computer system.Result.At rest, there were no significant differences between the mean values of heart function: end-diastolic and systolic heart volumes, cardiac output and blood ejection fraction in groups of players with different levels of individual typological properties of the CNS. There were no correlations (r = 0.21 –0.27, p = 0.063 –0.078) between them. These results may indicate that at rest, the parameters of end-diastolic and systolic cardiac volumes, cardiac output and blood ejection fraction in highly skilled football players represent automatic cardiac properties, and they are realized without special involvement of the higher CNS levels.There were correlations (r = 0.37–056; p = 0.024–0.036) between the studied parameters in non-sportsmen with different levels of functional nervous process mobility and statistically significant differences in the average values of end-diastolic and systolic cardiac volumes, cardiac output and blood ejection fraction. All this indicates a correlation between hemodynamic parameters and individual and typological properties of the CNS.Originality. The problem of the individual reserves of the heart gradually subjected to the regulatory influence of more economical autonomous self-regulation mechanisms in the process of long-term sports training and professional selection of football players is studied and discussed.Conclusion. Differences of average values of the heart hemodynamic parameters of individual typological properties of CNS in sportsmen and non-sportsmen were revealed. The correlation between the indexes of functional mobility of the CNS nervous processes and the indicators of cardiac activity in non-sportsmen, and the lack of correlation in highly qualified football players were found. It indicates that there is a weakening of the influence of the higher parts of the brain on the autonomous mechanisms of the heart work regulation in sportsmen.Key words:cardiovascular system, functional mobility of nervous processes, sportsmen, non-sportsmen.

ПСИХОФИЗИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ БАСКЕТБОЛИСТОВ 12–14 ЛЕТ ИЗ РЕСПУБЛИКИ БЕЛАРУСЬ И КИТАЙСКОЙ НАРОДНОЙ РЕСПУБЛИКИ

The psychophysiological status of 12-14 year old basketball players from the Republic of Belarus and the People's Republic of China was assessed. With the help of the program "NS-Psychotest" the indicators characterizing the state of the nervous system of young basketball players were studied. The indicators of the functional mobility of nervous processes indicated the relative inertia of the nervous system and the absence of significant dynamics as basketball players from Belarus and China grew up. Indicators of lability of the nervous system in the process of maturation of basketball players reached the average level by the age of 14. The speed and precision qualities of basketball players as they grow up tended to decrease the number of movements, improve psychomotor reactions. The peculiarities of concentration and attention switching were assessed according to the indicators of the test "Red-black tables": the duration of the test and the number of errors. For basketball players from the Republic of Belarus, the duration of testing by the age of 13 was significantly reduced compared to the age of 12, for basketball players from China it remained without significant dynamics. The number of mistakes among basketball players from Belarus and China did not significantly differ between the groups in all age periods. The accuracy of the movements of fingers and hands was determined: among basketball players from the Republic of Belarus, an increase in accuracy was noted as they grew older; basketball players from the PRC did not change the accuracy of their movements. A significant difference was revealed: the indicators of movement accuracy by the age of 14 among young basketball players from Belarus were higher than among basketball players from China.