Functional Dimensions Research Articles

Comprehensive characterization of protease inhibiting gene family, cis-regulatory elements, and protein interaction network in linseed and their expression upon bud fly infestation

Linseed, also known as flax is an important oilseed crop with many potential uses in paint, textile, food and pharmaceutical industries. Susceptibility to bud fly (Dasyneura lini Barnes) infestation is a serious biotic concern leading to severe yield penalty in linseed. Protease inhibitors (PIs) are potential candidates that activate during the insect-pest attack and modulate the resistance. In the present study, we explored the PI candidates in the linseed genome and a total of 100 LuPI genes were identified and grouped into five distinct subgroups. The analysis of cis-acting elements revealed that almost all LuPI promoters contain several regulatory elementary related to growth and development, hormonal regulation and stress responses. Across the subfamilies of PIs, the specific domains are consistently found conserved in all protein sequences. The tissue-specific in-silico expression pattern via RNA-seq revealed that all the genes were regulated during different stress. The expression through qRT-PCR of 15 genes revealed the significant up-regulation of LuPI-24, LuPI-40, LuPI-49, LuPI-53, and LuPI-63 upon bud fly infestation in resistant genotype EC0099001 and resistant check variety Neela. This study establishes a foundation resource for comprehending the structural, functional, and evolutionary dimensions of protease inhibitors in linseed.

Health-related quality of life in older hematological cancer survivors (70+) compared to older general population-A German cancer-register-based cross-sectional comparative study.

The extent of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) impairments in older hematological cancer survivors (HCS) has not been sufficiently studied. We therefore examined HRQOL in older HCS compared to a community sample (CS) and investigated sociodemographic, disease- and treatment-specific, geriatric, and psychosocial factors associated with reduced HRQOL. In this cancer-register-based cross-sectional comparative study 200 HCS, aged ≥70 years, and 252 persons of an age- and gender-matched CS completed validated questionnaires including the EORTC QLQ-C30 and EORTC QLQ-ELD14. Older HCS reported a reduced HRQOL in the dimensions of global QOL, physical, role, and social functioning (small clinical significance) and higher symptom burden of fatigue, nausea and vomiting, appetite loss, and poorer mobility compared to the CS (fatigue and mobility with medium, the others with small clinical significance). Perceived disease burden of comorbidities, functional disabilities, psychological distress, and depression showed statistical significance for reduced HRQOL in older HCS in multiple linear regression analysis (R2 = .602, p < .001). The screening and treatment of functional limitations and individual symptoms and the integration of a geriatric assessment into oncological practice can help to identify supportive care needs, to implement individualized, patient-centered cancer survivorship care programs and to improve older HCS's HRQOL.

Social function of urban property: environmental dimension of the social function of property and those responsible for its implementation

Social function of urban property: environmental dimension of the social function of property and those responsible for its implementation

Implementasi Edukasi Smart Parenting dan Pemberian Makan Tambahan Plus Sebagai Intervensi Pencegahan Stunting

The stunting is a condition of growth failure experienced by children, especially at the age of under 6 years. Failure to thrive means there is disorientation in physical growth that is disproportionate between age and height. Whereas developmental failure is more related to failure in mental function, namely cognitive, psychomotor and affective dimensions. The research design used was a cross-sectional study. Namely an observational study that analyzes variable data collected at a certain point in time across a predetermined sample population or subset. This research was conducted in the working area of Krembung District, Sidoarjo Regency in January-December 2022 where this area is one of the areas with stunting that is almost evenly distributed in every village. The population in this study were all toddlers in the working area of Krembung District, Sidoarjo Regency, consisting of 19 villages. The results of the study, namely that during a span of approximately one year a sensitive intervention program on the prevention and handling of stunting was carried out in the Krembung Subdistrict working area showed that out of 3275 toddlers measured, there were 4.90% or around 151 toddlers stunting, namely where 1.70% toddlers 'very short' and 2.80% 'short' and 0.40 are categorized as BGM (Below the Red Line).

On the box dimension of recurrent fractal interpolation functions defined with Matkowski contractions

On the box dimension of recurrent fractal interpolation functions defined with Matkowski contractions

The Strategic Effect of Hedonic and Utilitarian Value in Building Brand Trust and Brand Satisfaction

Customer value, divided into hedonic (emotional) and utilitarian (functional) dimensions, is crucial for competitive advantage, prompting the need for research in diverse contexts. Existing literature highlights the strategic importance of balancing these values to enhance brand trust and satisfaction, yet the cosmetics industry in Ghana remains underexplored. This study gathered data from 200 cosmetic product users in Ghana and used structural equation modelling to analyze the relationships between hedonic and utilitarian values, brand trust, and brand satisfaction. The findings indicate that hedonic values do not significantly affect brand trust or satisfaction, while utilitarian values are key drivers of both. Brand trust positively influences brand satisfaction but does not mediate the relationship between hedonic values and satisfaction. However, brand trust mediates the connection between utilitarian values and satisfaction. These insights are valuable for scientists studying consumer behaviour and for marketers aiming to meet customer expectations more effectively. This study, among the first of its kind in Ghana, underscores the strategic importance of utilitarian values in building brand trust and satisfaction in the cosmetic industry. Limitations include a single geographic focus and industry, suggesting future research should explore other contexts and include variables like brand loyalty and socioeconomic status to enhance understanding.

Persian Mobile Apps for Diabetic Patients: App Review and Evaluation Study

Background: The development of mobile apps in healthcare facilities helps users perform self-care effectively. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the quality, functionality, and features of Persian language diabetes mobile apps. Methods: Persian language diabetes self-management mobile apps were searched in the Android and iOS App Stores using relevant keywords such as "diabetes" and "blood sugar." Twelve apps met the inclusion criteria. Nine evaluators assessed the apps' quality based on the Mobile App Rating Scale (MARS), their functionality according to the IMS institute for healthcare informatics app functionality scoring system, and their features and content using a checklist. Results: The mean MARS score of the apps was 3.02 out of 5. Among the four dimensions of engagement, aesthetics, functionality, and information quality, functionality had the highest mean ± SD score (3.64 ± 1.13). Most of the apps used 5 - 7 out of the 11 defined functionalities. All self-management apps included the functionality of monitoring blood glucose levels, and the majority had health status monitoring features. Conclusions: The mobile apps had several drawbacks, including a lack of engagement strategies, insufficient evidence-based information for patients, limited guideline-based self-management functionalities, failure to evaluate clinical effectiveness in trials, and an absence of mutual communication with healthcare providers.

Exploring emotion dysregulation in adolescence and its association with social immaturity, self-representation, and thought process problems.

This study aimed to explore the complex phenomenon of emotional dysregulation, particularly in adolescence, which is associated with many mental health disorders and problems. Increasing the knowledge of clinicians and researchers in this area can be helpful in guiding future treatment plans. The aim of the study was to investigate, from an exploratory perspective, which structural aspects of adolescent functioning (assessed using the Rorschach test and administered and scored according to the Comprehensive System, CS, by Exner) were associated with different dimensions of emotional dysregulation (evaluated using the Difficulties in Emotion Dysregulation Scale, DERS). Secondary data were used for the study, which included 100 adolescents, with 50 in the clinical group (patients with complex trauma histories residing in therapeutic and socio-rehabilitative communities) and 50 in the nonclinical group (recruited from a scout group and middle and high schools). The two groups were compared on terms of the mean scores obtained in the DERS scales (one-tailed t-test) and the proportions of cases that obtained pathological values for selected Rorschach CS indicators (z-test). Partial correlations were calculated between the DERS scales and the Rorschach CS variables to explore which structural dimensions of functioning were associated with different characteristics of emotional dysregulation. The results indicated that the two groups differed in their outcomes on all DERS scales, except for Awareness and Goals, and on four Rorschach CS variables (EgoIndex, a:p, Wsum6, and MOR). Some significant positive and negative correlations between the Rorschach CS variables and the DERS scales also emerged. These results suggest that the dimensions of functioning associated with emotional dysregulation are related to self-representation, relational immaturity, and thought processes character and characterize membership in a therapeutic community. The correlations described in the article warrants further consideration. Finally, the study's limitations and future research prospects are presented.

A novel iterative model updating for jointed structures using nonlinear FRFs

A novel iterative model updating method is developed to identify the local nonlinear joint properties using the frequency response functions (FRFs) of assembled structures. In this paper, the least-squares fitting method was used to transform the sensitivity matrix into a square iteration matrix to match the dimensions of the objective functions and nonlinear joint model parameters. Leveraging the Newton’s iteration, the adaptive successive over-relaxation (A-SOR) was used to ensure iteration convergence while the multi-scale parameter adjusting (MPA) strategy was developed to degrade the ill-condition of the iteration matrix. Two updating examples of phenomenological equivalence models were applied to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. The nonlinear FRFs of a lap-type bolted joint beam system with Iwan model were simulated as the objective functions to identify the local nonlinear joint properties, as well as experimental investigations of a metal rubber isolation system with a high-order polynomial model. The proposed method was validated by the good agreement of the comparison results, and it indicated a better model updating performance with a much smaller condition number of the iteration matrix.

Dynamic and Static Complementary Balance Theory-Based Functional Exercise Combined With Stepwise Rehabilitation Training Improves Postoperative Hip Function Recovery in Patients Undergoing Total Hip Replacement

To analyze the application value of dynamic and static complementary balance theory-based functional exercise combined with stepwise rehabilitation training in postoperative hip function recovery in patients undergoing total hip replacement (THR). The clinical data of 118 inpatients undergoing THR between June 2022 and June 2023 were retrospectively collected. Among the patients, 57 were given perioperative stepwise rehabilitation training (the control group), and 61 were given a combination of functional exercise based on static and dynamic complementary balance theory and stepwise rehabilitation training during the perioperative period (the combination group). The postoperative recovery status and the incidence of postoperative complications in the two groups were recorded. During postoperative recovery, the patients were assessed for pain with the visual analogue scale (VAS) and for self-efficacy with the Self-Efficacy for Rehabilitation Outcome Scale (SER). Hip function was measured and compared between the two groups at 2 weeks, 4 weeks and 8 weeks after surgery. With regard to the primary outcome indicator, the postoperative length-of-stay was (7.63±1.36) d in the combination group, which was shorter than the (8.22±1.48) d in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (t=2.257, P=0.026). As for the secondary outcome indicators, no statistically significant difference was observed in the incidence of postoperative complications between the two groups (4.92% vs. 14.04%) (P>0.05). The perioperative VAS scores in the two groups showed an interaction effect according to the repeated measurement variance test (P<0.05). The postoperative VAS scores in both groups declined significantly compared to the preoperative scores (P<0.05), and the VAS score decreased gradually over time after surgery (P<0.05). The VAS scores in the combination group at 7 and 14 days after surgery were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). At 14 days after surgery, the scores for the coping and the task dimensions and the total score of SER increased in both groups compared with those at 3 days after surgery (P<0.05), with the combination group showing higher scores than the control group did (P<0.05). After surgery, the scores for the dimensions of deformity, pain, function, and joint mobility and the total score of the Harris Hip Scale revealed interaction effects in the two groups according to the repeated measurement variance test (P<0.05), with these scores increasing gradually over time after surgery (P<0.05), and the scores in the combination group were higher at 4 and 8 weeks after surgery compared to those in the control group (P<0.05). The combination of functional exercise based on dynamic and static complementary balance theory and stepwise rehabilitation training shows an advantage over stepwise rehabilitation training alone in enhancing the self-efficacy of THR patients, relieving the postoperative pain, shortening the length-of-stay, and improving the hip function in patients.

Causes and Consequences of Divorced Parents in Child Personality Development

By the nature of the concept, parents need to ensure the growth and development of their children, the creation of an appropriate, non-confrontational environment, their emotional preparation to face adverse life events so that they are manageable and not traumatic. In practice, post-divorce parental interactions are unsatisfactory and damaging because they often transmit to the child the hostility that the child feels towards the ex-spouse, with consequences for the child’s psycho-emotional balance. In this context, the HiPIC – Hierarchical Personality Inventory for Children test was used in order to assess the parents’ (the resident parent and the parents with organized family) perception of their child, to reflect on the child’s concrete and observable behaviours. The sample selected included children aged 9-12 and their parents. Scoring and interpretation of the HiPIC test and statistical processing revealed five dimensions of specific child personality functioning. The psychological analysis of research on divorced families, the relationship between the resident parent and the child is reviewed. Caught up in the hostility between them, parents often do not sense the emotional disorders and imbalances in the child’s personality that generate and lead to the formation of problematic personality patterns in the minor.

Core functions, visitor friendliness and digitalisation: a comparative analysis of corporate museums’ performance

We exploit a rich dataset on Italian museums to investigate whether corporate museums’ service provision is quantitatively different from the provision by the rest of private museums and by the three different types of Italian publicly owned museums (whose classification is by organisational mode: traditional, autonomous, and outsourced). We consider service provision in the dimensions of core museum functions (research, collection management, dissemination) and visitor friendliness, and we also focus on digital services. We use count data models estimation methods and include controls referring to museums’ characteristics and contextual factors to account for possible confounding effects. Our analysis reveals that corporate museums do not provide more core services than other museums, as expected given the public good component of this category of services. Contrary to expectations, we find that corporate museums are not among the museums providing the largest number of services enhancing visitor friendliness. Finally, corporate museums provide more digital services than traditional public museums and private museums owned by churches, and not less than other museum types. We argue that this latter evidence may come from their interaction with the parent firm. Corporate museums’ higher levels of digitalisation may be seen as the effect of a knowledge spillover between the more profit-oriented business world and the non-profit cultural sector.

From surface to success: How implant surfaces shape osseointegration

The field of dental implantology has significantly advanced to address the multifaceted impacts of tooth loss, encompassing physical, functional, emotional, psychological, and social dimensions. Dental implants serve as reliable solutions, ensuring stability, minimal bone loss, and absence of pain or infection. Central to their success is the surface modification of implants, which profoundly influences osseointegration—the process crucial for establishing a functional bond between bone and implant. This review explores various physical modifications of dental implant surfaces, focusing on macro, micro, and nano-level alterations. Macro-level modifications optimize implant geometry and thread design to enhance initial stability and long-term fixation. Micro-level modifications, including grit blasting and acid etching, increase surface roughness to facilitate mechanical interlocking and cell adhesion. Nano-level modifications, such as hydrophilic coatings and bioceramic enhancements, enhance surface energy and promote osteoblastic differentiation, thereby accelerating osseointegration. These surface modifications represent a critical frontier in implant dentistry, promising improved clinical outcomes and patient satisfaction through enhanced integration and reduced healing times.

Assessing the multidimensional comfort of earplugs in virtual industrial noise environments

Earplugs’ comfort is primarily evaluated through cost-effective laboratory evaluations, yet these evaluations often inadequately capture the multidimensional comfort aspects due to design limitations that do not replicate real-world conditions. This paper introduces a novel laboratory method for comprehensive assessment of the multidimensional comfort aspects of earplugs, combining questionnaire-based evaluations and objective perceptual tests within virtual industrial sound environments replicating in-situ noise exposure. Objective perceptual results confirm that the sound environment affect participants’ ability to detect alarms in a noisy environment and comprehend speech-in-noise while wearing earplugs. Subjective questionnaire results reveal that the earplugs family has an effect on the primary attributes of the acoustical, physical and functional comfort’s dimension. Participants reported the physical dimension as the most important factor they take into account when evaluating earplugs’ comfort. The functional dimension was considered the second most important factor by the participants, followed by the psychological dimension, and the acoustical dimension.

Decoupled shifts of dominant and rarer fish species as a response to warming and extreme events in a large estuary

AbstractDisentangling community responses to multiple stressors in a warming context is one of the most challenging tasks ecologists face. Taking advantage of a long‐term (1989–2017) and intensive fish monitoring survey (N = ~900K from 804 seines‐day), we present a comprehensive analysis on the dynamics of coastal fish communities in Jamaica Bay, New York, by addressing multiple dimensions of community change that although closely related are rarely considered in a single work. Specifically, we tested hypotheses about changes in composition, composition variability and community functional attributes, and the role of environmental drivers acting at different temporal scales. Our analyses suggest two decoupled community dynamics triggered by two different extreme events. First, the 1999 Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation phase switch caused an abrupt shift from a single‐species dominance to intermittent co‐dominance, with species preferring higher temperatures, a shift that has persisted in time but that may be cyclical at a multidecadal scale. Second, the 2012 heat wave promoted an abrupt collapse of rare and cold‐water species, and the sudden arrival of warmer‐water species in a portion of the community that was already increasingly variable due to long‐term warming. Functionally, the entire community subtly shifted toward species with faster turnover and lower trophic levels. Our work sheds light on the complex responses of biological communities to warming in terms of the impacts on composition, its temporal variability, and its functional dimension, by disentangling the interplay of long‐term environmental trends such as warming, multidecadal cycles, and extreme events on different portions (i.e., dominant and rare thermal species) of the community.

Top weapons in skin aging and actives to target the consequences of skin cell senescence.

Skin aging has long been considered a purely cosmetic problem. However, as life expectancy increases, skin aging is taking on a functional dimension that goes beyond cosmetics and appearance. Preventive or therapeutic strategies are needed to target cellular senescence, a key process underlying the alterations in skin function and appearance that occur with aging, as well as to address the age-related skin changes associated with 'dermatoporosis' and chronic skin insufficiency/fragility syndrome. Thus, given the need for effective anti-aging products that improve both the appearance and function of the skin, it is essential to distinguish active ingredients that have been proven to be effective, among the large number of available over-the-counter cosmeceuticals. This brief review focuses on a core group of topical actives, describing their clinical effects on senescence and aging, and their molecular mechanisms of action. These actives include hyaluronic acid, which has hydrating and viscoelastic properties and has been shown to reduce skin atrophy; retinaldehyde, which activates retinoid receptors and increases cutaneous elasticity; vitamins C and E, which provide stable oxidative protection; and niacinamide, which reduces inflammation and mitigates the effects of senescence.

Assessment of Quality of Life in Patients With End-Stage Kidney Disease on Maintenance Hemodialysis Using the Missoula-Vitas Quality of Life Index.

This study aimed to evaluate the quality of life (QoL) in end-stage kidney disease (ESRD) patients on maintenance hemodialysis through the Missoula-Vitas Quality of Life Index-15 (MVQOLI-15) to identify factors affecting their well-being. A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Dialysis Unit of the Nephrology Department, Nishtar Hospital Multan. Over six months, 140 eligible patients were enrolled using non-probability consecutive sampling. Participants aged 18-80 yearson maintenance hemodialysis for at least six monthswere evaluated using the MVQOLI-15questionnaire assessing symptoms, function, interpersonal, well-being, and transcendence dimensions of QoL. Data were analyzed using theIBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 26 (Released 2019; IBM Corp., Armonk, New York). Inferential statistical tests, including the t-test for comparing two groups and analysis of variance (ANOVA) for comparing multiple groups, were utilized to determine the significance of differences in QoL scores among different demographic and clinical categories. P-values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. The study analyzed 140 hemodialysis patients, with a mean age of 52.41 ± 16.31 years and an average hemodialysis duration of 4.55 ± 2.46 years. Most participants were aged 61-80 years (35.7%), had secondary education (44.3%), and were married (67.1%). QoLscores, measured using the MVQOLI, indicated mean values for symptoms at 4.51 ± 10.71, function at 5.77 ± 8.04, interpersonal at 7.49 ± 13.67, well-being at -13.60 ± 7.11, transcendence at 8.24 ± 13.12, and a total score of 16.24 ± 2.75. Significant findings include the following: females had higher symptomscores (p=0.001) and lower well-being scores (p=0.000); younger patients (<30 years) had higher function scores (p=0.054); patients on hemodialysis three times per week had higher function scores (p=0.006); patients taking 1 to 3 pills per day had higher transcendence scores (p=0.000); unmarried patients had higher symptoms scores (p=0.064) and lower well-being scores (p=0.004); and illiterate patients had higher symptoms (p=0.005) and transcendence scores (p=0.034). In total score, patients on hemodialysis once per week reported significantly better scores (p=0.011). This study highlights varied QoL experiences among hemodialysis patients, with transcendence scoring the highest and well-being, the lowest. Demographic factors such as age, gender, and education level significantly impact the QoL dimensions. Understanding these findings can guide personalized interventions to improve the well-being of hemodialysis patients.

Two decades of increasing functional and phylogenetic richness in a mountaintop flora in central Norway

AbstractQuestionsAnalysing how multiple facets of biodiversity vary across space and time can help to predict the vulnerability of mountaintop floras to future environmental changes. Here we addressed the following questions: (a) Are elevational patterns of mountaintop plant diversity consistent across taxonomy, function and phylogeny? (b) How have the taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic dimensions of mountaintop plant communities changed over the past two decades? (c) Is the magnitude of these temporal trends dependent on elevation?LocationDovrefjell, central Norway.MethodsThe floristic composition of four mountaintops, spread across an elevational gradient from the tree line to the uppermost margins of vascular plant life, was surveyed every 7 years between 2001 and 2022. Six metrics of taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic richness and differentiation were calculated for each mountaintop and survey. Using these data, we assessed how richness and differentiation metrics varied over space (across the elevational gradient) and over time (between surveys).ResultsAll diversity metrics decreased towards higher elevations, except phylogenetic differentiation which increased significantly by 7% per 100 m elevational gain. Taxonomic richness remained virtually stable between 2001 and 2022, whereas phylogenetic richness increased by 7.5% per decade. Functional richness also increased, but mainly on the lowest mountaintop, by 17% per decade. No significant temporal trends in taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic differentiation were detected.ConclusionsOur findings underpin rearrangements in the functional and phylogenetic structure of mountain plant communities over the past two decades that cannot be predicted from trends in taxonomic richness alone. This highlights the necessity to look beyond species richness and consider multiple facets of biodiversity when studying environmental change impacts on mountain biodiversity and ecosystem functioning.

EXAMINING THE INFLUENCE OF FINANCIAL COSTS, ERGONOMICS, AND BUILT ENVIRONMENT ON UNIVERSITY STUDENTS' MENTAL HEALTH DURING THE COVID-19 MOVEMENT CONTROL ORDER

ABSTRACT This study explores the impact of built environment, ergonomics, and financial cost on students' mental health during COVID-19 in Malaysia. The central problem that motivates the study is the potential misidentification of critical factors in terms of functional dimensions of the learning environment financial sustainability. Focusing on students’ population residing in Malaysia during the COVID19 pandemic, the main research objective is to determine how the surrounding and comfort affect them. These students are between 20 to 25 years of age, comprises all races in Malaysia. The dependent variable is mental health, and the independent variables are financial cost, ergonomics and built environment. By analyzing questionnaire data and employing SEM-PLS, the study reveals that ergonomics and financial costs significantly affect Malaysian students' mental health. The unique aspect of this research lies in considering the functional dimensions of the learning environment and financial sustainability as factors influencing personal health. The findings have practical implications for educational institutions, emphasizing the importance of designing ergonomic virtual learning spaces and promoting sustainable practices to mitigate mental health risks among university students. Keywords: COVID-19 pandemic, Sustainability, Student mental health, Built environment, Ergonomics

A transition from arbuscular to ectomycorrhizal forests halts soil carbon sequestration during subtropical forest rewilding

Ecological succession and restoration rapidly promote multiple dimensions of ecosystem functions and mitigate global climate change. However, the factors governing the limited capacity to sequester soil organic carbon (SOC) in old forests are poorly understood. Ecological theory predicts that plants and microorganisms jointly evolve into a more mutualistic relationship to accelerate detritus decomposition and nutrient regeneration in old than young forests, likely explaining the changes in C sinks across forest succession or rewilding. To test this hypothesis, we conducted a field experiment of root-mycorrhizal exclusion in successional subtropical forests to investigate plant-decomposer interactions and their effects on SOC sequestration. Our results showed that SOC accrual rate at the 0–10 cm soil layer was 1.26 mg g−1 yr−1 in early-successional arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) forests, which was higher than that in the late-successional ectomycorrhizal (EcM) forests with non-significant change. A transition from early-successional AM to late-successional EcM forests increase fungal diversity, especially EcM fungi. In the late-successional forests, the presence of ectomycorrhizal hyphae promotes SOC decomposition and nutrient cycle by increasing soil nitrogen and phosphorus degrading enzyme activity as well as saprotrophic microbial richness. Across early- to late-successional forests, mycorrhizal priming effects on SOC decomposition explain a slow-down in the capacity of older forests to sequester soil C. Our findings suggest that a transition from AM to EcM forests supporting greater C decomposition can halt the capacity of forests to provide nature-based global climate change solutions.