Full Yield Research Articles

Influence of residual stress models prescribed in design codes for steel I-section behavior

Non-uniform cooling of steel cross-sections during the manufacturing process generates a state of residual stresses in the cross-section. Design codes describe the distribution of these stresses in different ways. This work aims to numerically investigate the influence of these models on the behavior of bare steel and steel-concrete composite sections by the curves: flexural stiffness-bending moment, moment-curvature and yield curves (initial and full yield). These procedures are important for the study of the simplified curves used in some methodologies of the refined plastic hinge method (RPHM) analysis. The study will use the strain compatibility method (SCM), where, if the axial strain of the cross-section point is known, the section stiffness is obtained using the tangential Young's modulus derived from the materials constitutive relationship. A fiber discretization algorithm is applied and the residual stresses are explicitly inserted into the fibers automatically. The methodology was calibrated using the moment-curvature relationship and the flexural stiffness-bending moment curve. These results were numerically stable and good convergence with literature data was obtained. In general, the residual stress model of the American standard (AISC, 2016) defines a larger elastic region within the interaction diagrams then European model (CEN, 2005). The results obtained showed that the initial yield curves for steel I-sections under minor axis bending require revision for application to RPHM, mainly due to the loss of symmetry in relation to the M axis in the normal force-bending moment (NM) interaction diagram.

Evaluation of field‐based single plant phenotyping for wheat breeding

AbstractHigh‐throughput phenotyping (HTP) has the potential to revolutionize plant breeding by providing scientists with exponentially more data than was available through traditional observations. Even though data collection is rapidly increasing, the optimum use of this data and implementation in the breeding program has not been thoroughly explored. In an effort to apply HTP to the earliest stages of a plant breeding program, we extended field‐based HTP pipelines to evaluate and extract data from spaced single plants. Using a panel of 340 winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) lines planted in full plots and grid‐spaced single plants for two growing seasons, we evaluated relationships between single plants and full plot yields. Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) was collected multiple times through the growing season using an unoccupied aerial vehicle. NDVI measurements during grain filling stage from both single plants and full plots were typically positively associated with their respective grain yield with correlation ranging from ‐0.22 to 0.74. The relationship between single plant NDVI and full plot yield, however, was variable between seasons ranging from ‐0.40 to 0.06. A genome wide association analysis (GWAS) identified the same marker trait associations in both full plots and single plants, but also displayed variability between growing seasons. Strong genotype by environment interactions could impede selection on quantitative traits, yet these methods could provide an effective tool for plant breeding programs to quickly screen early‐generation germplasm. Efficient use of early‐generation, affordable HTP data could improve overall genetic gain in plant breeding.

ECONOMICAL EFFECTIVENESS OF RE-GROWING APPLE TREES UNDER LONG-TERM FERTILIZATION

The essence of the economic efficiency of any production is determined by a profitable correlation between costs and financial results. One of the main factors in horticulture is a detailed choice of the constructions of the orchards and the determination of the most optimal farm practices in certain plantations taking into consideration their soil-climatic conditions under the highest efficiency of the cultivation. When economic efficiency of the production of fruit output is determined, the major indicators are profitability and a profitability level that shows the expediency of growing the crop with the application of required farm practices. The economic efficiency of replanted apple orchards along with long-term fertilization at various age-periods and fruiting was considered. It has been found out that during the period of growth and fruiting the efficiency and profitability of the orchard cultivation with the use of farm practices, in particular fertilization, are at a low level. This is predetermined by a low yield capacity of the apple trees. It was established that in the most productive period of fruiting of apple-tree plantations with the varieties Idared on seedling and vegetative M4 rootstock and Calville Snow on seedling rootstock, the use of organic and organo-mineral fertilization systems contributed to high return on investment and corresponding profitability of production, therefore these fertilization systems in strong and medium-growing plantations with full yield (at 17 22 t/ha) of non-irrigated apple-trees are profitable. The expediency of their use in non-irrigated horticultural agrocenosis with soil under naked fallow has been proved. Therefore, organic and organo-mineral systems can be successfully used in all fruit growing zones, especially in the southern regions where most of the plantations in horticultural farms, especially with limited irrigation, are grown with the soil content under fallow system. Also, the application of organic fertilizers can be successfully used when growing organic products. At the same time, as shown by many years of research, in fruit plantations with a lack of manure, chopped straw or other organic materials in equivalent amounts of dry matter can be successfully used as an organic fertilizer.

Effects of different trunk girdlings on fruit yield and pomological characteristics of persimmon (Diospyros kaki L. cv. Hachiya)

Objective: This study was performed to determine the effects of two girdling practices on yield and some pomological properties of persimmon trees in 2019. Material and Methods: The gridling practices were applied to Hachia variety, common in Çanakkale, as single girdling, double girdling and control. Girdling treatments were performed after full blossom in full yield trees. Fruit yield and some pomological properties of the variety were determined. Fruit weight, fruit width, fruit size, fruit skin colour (L, a, b), pH, titratable acidity (TA) (%), fruit flesh firmness (kg / cm2) and total soluble solid content (TSS) were determined. Results: The highest yield per tree was obtained from the control (120.74 kg tree-1) treatment. The largest fruits with a value of 383.23 g were obtained from double girdling treatment. The double girdling application provided the highest values in terms of fruit length and fruit width (79.22 mm, 94.71 mm, respectively). There was a significant difference (p

Using distributions to understand neutron and x-ray production in ICF ignition capsules and other high energy density plasmas.

This paper describes how x-ray and neutron distribution functions can be useful tools to visualize the conditions measured in many types of plasma physics experiments. In particular, we model a standard inertial confinement fusion ignition capsule that consists of a Si doped plastic ablator surrounding a layer of deuterium-tritium (DT) ice as the yield varies from 18 kJ to 16.7 MJ and use the distribution functions to show that neutrons and high energy x rays (15keV) are produced under similar conditions when the yield is low. However, as the capsule starts to support a propagating burn due to alpha heating, the x rays and neutrons are produced under somewhat different conditions in different parts of the plasma. In particular, the x-ray production takes place mainly in the hot plastic ablator for the full yield ignition capsule under quite different plasma conditions from the DT region producing the 14MeV neutrons, which results in x-ray images with larger radii than the corresponding neutron images. These same distribution functions can be applied to many other plasma physics experiments.

Determining the Yield Surface of a Metal Using Notched Strip Specimens: Geometry Optimization

AbstractDetermining the full yield surface of a metal by experimental means is a rather complex task, due to the need to subject the material to a multi‐axial stress state that includes shear. However, an interesting concept (originally credited to Hill and Bijlaard) has been proposed, whereby metal strips with oblique notches are loaded in uniaxial tension. This specific shape forces a narrow yield neck to develop between the roots of the notches, subject to multiaxial straining. The presented research aimed to further develop and optimize this concept. It was previously suspected that the geometry of the test specimens has a potentially significant effect on the results of the experiment. By means of the finite element method, a parametric study was completed to evaluate which geometric variables have the largest influence on the results and to determine the range within which these parameters yield reliable results. It was discovered that certain variables, such as the width of the neck and the radius of the notch root, had a significant impact on the results, whereas others, such as the neck angle or the opening angle of the notch, had very little or even no influence at all. Based on these results, a specific geometry was proposed for the test specimens, as a first step towards a standardized test procedure.

Factors enhancing agricultural productivity under innovation technology: Insights from Cameroon

This paper analyzes the impact of innovation adoption, namely, improved seeds or modern equipment and examines the effects of farmer education, access to credit, and land tenure security on agricultural productivity in Cameroon. We take advantage of a nationally representative survey to analyze factors affecting the probability of adopting innovation and their effects on productivity. We use the Heckman procedure to address potential selection bias. The results reveal significant productivity-enhancing effects of these key factors. They enhance agricultural productivity following innovation adoption and typically promote adoption itself. The propensity to adopt innovation and the potential gain in productivity increase with education level. Credit permits farmers to adopt the innovation and to purchase high-efficiency pesticides and fertilizers. Therefore, agricultural production increases in a timely and appropriate manner. Conditional on adopting innovation, tertiary education will produce a 16.5% to 18.3% increase in yield in value per ha, while access to credit leads a 10.9% to 15.5% gains. Our findings contribute to a better understanding of factors enhancing agricultural productivity under innovation technology and have important policy implications. The adoption of improved varieties or modern equipment alone is not sufficient to boost crop yield. Other productivity-enhancing factors should be promoted to exploit their full yield potential.

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Seismic stability analysis of arch dam abutment based on full structural surface yield method

This paper proposes an improved dynamic stability analysis for abutment of dam (IDSAM) by combining interface boundary element with partitioned finite element (PFE-IBE). The total yield of the control area is taken as the instability criterion, and the area is made up of contact point pairs controlling the structural surface. The full structural surface yield state of the structural surface of the dam abutment rock mass was taken into account. The strength reduction coefficient corresponding to the full structural surface yield was taken as the safety factor of dam abutment stability. In this way, the damage of the structural surface can be reflected more accurately and intuitively, eliminating the impact of human factors on the valuation of the safety factor. Three calculation methods are used to evaluate the abutment stability of the Shapai Arch Dam, including pseudo-static method, the combination between finite element method and rigid body limit equilibrium method, and the proposed IDSAM. The comparison of results shows that the dam abutment safety factor obtained by IDSAM (left 2.4, right 3.0) ranges between those obtained by pseudo-static method (left 2.116, right 2.945) and finite element rigid body limit equilibrium method (left 2.429, right 3.182). Hence, the safety factor acquired by our method is rational. Considering the nonlinear characteristics of rock mass discontinuity, IDSAM reflects the operating state of the arch dam, shedding new light on the evaluation of aseismatic safety.

Dynamic hydrogen-intensified methanation of synthetic by-product gases from steelworks

Steelworks' by-product gases contain significant amounts of carbonaceous species, which can serve as carbon source for Power-to-Gas processes. The COx components from the by-product gases are converted into methane together with renewable hydrogen in a hydrogen-intensified synthesis reaction. Dynamic operation modes of the methanation are discussed to supersede large gas buffer capacities. This paper presents results from a two-stage methanation concept operated with by-product gases from steel industries. The first reactor is designed as heat pipe cooled structured fixed-bed reactor. Both the influence of the volume flow rate and the stoichiometric ratio are examined for different steady-state operating points as well as for dynamic operation modes with repetitive alteration of those two parameters. The two-stage methanation concept provides a consistent product gas quality over a wide syngas power range at slightly over-stoichiometric conditions for both steady-state and dynamic operating conditions. Full methane yield is achieved. The design of the heat pipe cooled structured reactor allows for step changes in syngas power up to 1.6 kW. Catalyst deactivation by coking took place in the first reactor stage during the performed experiments. This happened probably due to unfavourable operating conditions in the carbon formation regime while methanizing CO-rich gases.

Evaluation of Sorghum Emergence and Grain Yield Response to Seeding Density and Plant Spacing Attained Using the OSU Hand Planter

ABSTRACT Plant spacing and density are important metrics in crop production because they impact the plant’s ability to utilize resources and attain full yield potential. Planting sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) in a more narrow spacing brings about phytochrome-mediated responses, where plants develop narrow leaves, long stems, fewer roots, and this is linked to competition that plants develop for nutrients like nitrogen (N). The Oklahoma State University hand planter (OSU-HP) can improve plant homogeneity and midseason placement of N. However, this crop production tool alongside other agronomic practices have not been adequately evaluated for improving sorghum grain yields. The objective of this work was to evaluate the response of sorghum to planting methods, the number of seeds per hole, within row spacing, and N rate. A randomized complete block design with 13 treatments replicated 3 times was used in this study. The treatments included different combinations of 3 planting methods (John Deere [JD], OSU-HP, and stick planter [check]), 3 within-row spacings (10, 30, and 60 cm), 3 different number of seeds per hole (1, 3, and 6) and 3 N rates (0, 30 and 60 kg ha−1). Average grain yield with 3 seeds per hole was at least 18% higher than the yield range of 0.7 to 4.6 Mg ha−1 achieved with 1 or 6 seeds per hole. This study demonstrated that the production of sorghum using sound agronomic practices could improve yield.

Organic Permeable Base Transistors – Insights and Perspectives

AbstractVertical organic transistors have emerged as a new device concept holding great promise to overcome the limitations of lateral organic transistors. In this regard, the organic permeable base transistor (OPBT), a special kind of vertical transistor, stands out due to excellent performance figures such as low‐voltage operation and high transition frequency measured in a pulse‐biasing mode. On the occasion of Prof. Karl Leo's 60th birthday, his contributions to the development of high‐performance OPBTs are honored and a perspective for the future of OPBT development is provided. The current state of the art of OPBTs is reviewed and the principles of the device operation are summarized. New insights into the formation of the permeable base layer, which is vital to the function of OPBTs, are discussed. Additionally, a full yield analysis on a batch of 144 equivalent OPBTs is reported and the device yield and temporal evolution of device parameters are statistically analyzed. This analysis proves a device yield of >90% for these short‐channel transistors, rendering the possibility for circuit integration. Finally, the scaling laws of OPBTs are derived and strategies for new materials and device layouts to push the performance to the gigahertz regime are concluded.

Tensile strength of circular hollow sections with squashed ends

Experiments were performed to investigate the behaviour of 28 circular hollow sections (CHSs) in tension, with flat ends and three bolt configurations (2, 3 and 4 bolts). The length of the members between the flat ends was kept constant at 1500 mm for all CHSs, and the sizes of the sections ranged from 60.3x2.0 to 101.6x4.5. Two modes of failure were observed, viz; bearing failure (BF) and net-section fracture (NSF). CHSs connected with 2 bolts failed in bearing, whilst net-section fracture was dominant in sections with 3 and 4 bolts. The notion that the change in the number of bolts can lead to different behaviours of the connections is a significant contribution to knowledge, particularly if flat-ended CHSs are used as structural truss elements. This paper demonstrates that the sections are capable of supporting large loads, however, the capacity of the tested specimen did not reach the full yield strength. It is apparent from the tensile strengths that a larger increase in strength was accomplished when the number of bolts was increased from 2 to 3 bolts than from 3 to 4 bolts. A comparison of the tensile strength with the strengths predicted by the North American standard (AISI S100-16w/S1-18), Australia/New Zealand standard (AS/NZS-4600:2018) and European standard (EN 1993–1-3) confirm that both standards provides a reasonable assessment of the strength of the 3 and 4 bolt configuration, which failed purely by net-section fracture. However, for the 2-bolted connections, which failed in bearing, it is proposed to use AS/NZS 4600:2018, with a bearing coefficient of C = 2.85, instead of C = 3.0, to increase the accuracy of the bearing strength expression for these specimens.

Продуктивные качества первотелок красно-пестрой и симментальской пород за период раздоя и взаимосвязь у них селекционируемых признаков в условиях Забайкальского края

The results of the study of milk production and morphophysiological properties of the uterus of heifers of the red-and-white breed for 100 days of lactation in comparison with the heifers of the Simmental breed are presented. For 100 days of lactation from heifers of the red-motley breed, 2096 kg of milk each were obtained, with a fat content of 3,9 and a protein of 2,9%, from simmental fat, respectively, 1363,2 kg, with a fat content of 3,7 milk and protein of 2,9% First heifers of the red-motley breed exceeded their peers in milk production by 732,8 kg (34,9%) with a highly reliable statistical difference (B3 ≥ 0.999). Reliability (td=1,6) at zero threshold (Bo> 0,90) was also noted for fat content in milk. The protein content in milk in first-calf cows of both groups was at the same level – 2,9%. It has been established that the morphological features and functional properties of the udder are fairly consistently inherited by the offspring. Therefore, by selection and selection, it is possible to obtain animals with bath-like and cup-shaped forms of the udder, uniform development of quarters, with full milk yield. The shape of the udder is one of the main breeding traits characterizing the suitability of cows for machine milking, which is most closely associated with productivity. In our studies, all the first heifers of the red-and-white breed had a bath-like and cup-shaped udder (65 and 35%). Simmental first heifers were inferior, in them 78% of the animals had a bath-like and bowl shape and 22% were round. When measuring the udder, it was established that the first-hens of the red-and-white breed had a wider, deeper udder with a large girth. Their udder was longer than that of the Simmental ones, by 1,4 cm, wider by 1,5, deeper by 1,7, and more by girth by 3,6 cm. The functional properties of the udder of heifers of the red-and-white breed were significantly better than those of the Simmental. One-time milk yield from them was higher by 5,7 kg and amounted to 10,8 milk. The lactation rate was also higher in the red-and-white first-calfs, and it was 1,794 kg / min. In the red-and-white heifers, a high positive correlation was observed between the milk yield and body weight – 0,76, among the Simmental ones – 0,22, and between the milk yield and the fat and protein content in milk, the negative correlation in both groups of animals. For measurements of the udder (length, width, and girth) and milk yield for 100 days of lactation, a positive correlation was found for both red-and-white and simmental healers.

A Review; Application of Mechanical Monster in Era of Agricultural Industry

In the Indian economy, agriculture plays a vital role. Over the last few decades, Indian agriculture has recorded good growth. Implementing new ideas in this field is very important, although a lot of work has been done in this area. The multipurpose farming robot is a fundamental and major agricultural machine for full yield. The traditional method of weeding, sowing seeds and spraying pesticides is a laborious procedure. In India, many farmers still use bullocks, horses, and buffalo for agricultural operations. In contrast to other countries around the world, this will not fulfil the need for agricultural energy requirements. We assume that human and animal efforts can be replaced from an economic point of view by some advanced mechanism that will be ideal for small-scale farmers. We are therefore designing this prototype and assume that it will fulfil all requirements and problems in real life. India is a country focused on agriculture in which 70% of individuals rely on the results of farming. But if we observe that with population growth the farm is spread among the family and because of this, farmers in India kept only two acres of farm on average. Economically, farmers are still very poor because they are unable to afford tractors and other expensive machinery, so they use conventional farming methods. So, we are designing this machinery that will fulfil all this need and solve the problem of labor.

Influence of different liming material on soil pH and spring barley yield under different soil moisture conditions

Liming of acid soils is one of the most effective and multipurpose ways to improve soil properties. Liming changes the agrochemical properties, nutrient content and uptake. The aim of the research was to evaluate the influence of different liming materials on soil pH and spring barley yield under different soil moisture conditions. A vegetation experiment was performed until full yield formation under two different soil moisture conditions: optimum 17–20% and excess 28–31%. Liming materials of different physical forms and chemical composition were used in the experiment: ground, crushed and granulated liming materials, which differed in their chemical composition. Ground liming material had the highest neutralizing value (52.2 ± 0.40%) and reactivity (99.5 ± 0.18%), and crushed liming material had the lowest reactivity (10.0 ± 0.23%) and the highest (10.33 ± 0.148) magnesium content. Liming with ground liming material was the most effective and fastest way to neutralize soil acidity. It increased the soil pH from 4.44 ± 0.191 to 6.17 ± 0.042 under optimum moisture conditions and from 4.46 ± 0.156 to 6.76 ± 0.537 under excess moisture conditions after 4 weeks of liming. When spring barley was grown to full yield, a significant increase in yield in both years was found by liming with granulated liming material ø 2–5 mm in both soil moisture conditions, and the highest mass of 1,000th grain was obtained in the treatments limed with granulated liming material with potassium additive.

Multi-gene metabolic engineering of tomato plants results in increased fruit yield up to 23%

The capacity to assimilate carbon and nitrogen, to transport the resultant sugars and amino acids to sink tissues, and to convert the incoming sugars and amino acids into storage compounds in the sink tissues, are key determinants of crop yield. Given that all of these processes have the potential to co-limit growth, multiple genetic interventions in source and sink tissues, plus transport processes may be necessary to reach the full yield potential of a crop. We used biolistic combinatorial co-transformation (up to 20 transgenes) for increasing C and N flows with the purpose of increasing tomato fruit yield. We observed an increased fruit yield of up to 23%. To better explore the reconfiguration of metabolic networks in these transformants, we generated a dataset encompassing physiological parameters, gene expression and metabolite profiling on plants grown under glasshouse or polytunnel conditions. A Sparse Partial Least Squares regression model was able to explain the combination of genes that contributed to increased fruit yield. This combinatorial study of multiple transgenes targeting primary metabolism thus offers opportunities to probe the genetic basis of metabolic and phenotypic variation, providing insight into the difficulties in choosing the correct combination of targets for engineering increased fruit yield.

Palladium nanoparticles supported on chitin-based nanomaterials as heterogeneous catalysts for the Heck coupling reaction

In this report, chitin and chitosan nanocrystals were used as biomass-based supports for Pd nanoparticles (NPs) used as a heterogeneous catalyst for the Heck coupling reaction. By using a one-pot fabrication method, a Pd salt precursor was directly reduced and deposited onto these nanocrystal catalysts. Characterization of these nanocomposites showed disperse Pd NPs on the surfaces of the chitinous nanocrystals. Heck coupling model reactions revealed full product yield in relatively benign conditions, outcompeting the use of other catalysts supported on biomass-based nanomaterials, including cellulose nanocrystals. These initial results show the potential for using chitinous nanomaterials as effective catalyst supports in cross-coupling reactions.

Analysis of the flow between parallel coaxial discs with relative axial motion and rotation

This paper addresses the rheometrical flow that combines squeezing and rotating between coaxial parallel discs. Experimental results obtained with this flow have been used as evidence that the von Mises criterion holds for the materials tested. In fact, these results are frequently referred to as a proof of the validity of the von Mises criterion. However, the detailed analysis described here shows that conditions for a viscometric motion are met at the walls (at the walls only), just like in other geometries used in shear rheology. Therefore, the shear component of the yield stress tensor should be identical to the one measured in all other viscometric flows. Since no assumptions are needed with respect to the normal stresses, this identity holds for general isotropic yield stress materials, i.e. with a yielding criterion of the form f(J2,y,J3,y)=0. In this regard, we emphasize the need to measure the normal stresses in this geometry in order to obtain the full yield stress tensor and, consequently J2,y and J3,y. Moreover, we highlight the necessity to test the material in at least two different types of load to check the validity of a yielding criterion.

Influence of Structure and Liquid Limit on the Secondary Compressibility of Soft Soils

The macroscopic mechanical properties of natural sedimentary soft soils, which are usually linked to their microstructure, are different from those of remolded soils. The interaction between soil structure and mechanical behavior is a manifestation of structural mechanics effects. It is essential to understand the effects of secondary compressibility to predict long-term foundation deformations. The effects of soil composition on secondary compression deformation are little studied, and the soil structure is rarely involved in the compression process. The sedimentary environment creates the initial composition and structure of soft soil, and it also basically determines its grain size and mineral composition, while different depths give soft soil different overburden pressures, and the soil composition and depth directly affect its yield stress during compression. So, natural sedimentary soft soils sampled at different depths and from different sedimentary environments (such as marine-neritic facies, sea shore facies and limnetic facies) were selected to study the influence of structure on the secondary compression coefficient Cα during pressure change and the relationship between soil composition and Cα. One-dimensional compression and consolidation creep tests were carried out on undisturbed and remolded samples. The undisturbed samples were obtained by the thin-wall samplers in rotary wash borings, and the quality of the samples met the test standard. Based on the concept of the void index Iv and the intrinsic compression line (ICL) proposed by Burland, the role of structure in the compression process was studied, and the influence of soil composition and structure on secondary compression characteristics was summarized. The Cα/Cc values are 0.031, 0.034, 0.030, and 0.036 for Shanghai, Tianjin, Suzhou, and Ningbo soft soils, respectively, within the range of inorganic clays and silts (0.04 ± 0.01) given by Mesri. According to the compression index Cc obtained by compression test, Cα/Cc can be used to estimate Cα. The yield stress of normal consolidated soil is near pre-consolidation pressure, while that of structural soft soil is greater than its pre-consolidation pressure. Natural sedimentary soft soils show over-consolidation characteristics due to the action of the structure; the soil structure resists the external load and hinders secondary compression. When the soil structure is almost destroyed, the pressure reaches the structure full yield stress P′. The tests of structural soft soils show that Cα changes with pressure before the structure completely yields, first increasing and reaching peak Cαmax near P′; the value of P′ is approximately 1.6–3.0 σ’k, where σ’k refers to the structure yield stress of soil obtained by the Casagrande method. After the structure disappeared, Cα gradually decreased and then stabilized, which is considered to be independent of the load. The Cαmax is positively correlated with the liquid limit, indicating that the peak value that can be reached by the Cα is related to the maximum content of bound water in soft soil, thus the soil composition has a significant influence on secondary compressibility, which contributes to the prediction of long-term foundation deformation.

Liquidity risk and corporate bond yield spread: Evidence from China

AbstractThis paper investigates the contribution of liquidity risk to Chinese corporate bond spreads. We calculate corporate bond spreads based on the full treasury yield curve and establish a set of liquidity measures of the Chinese corporate bonds. Our empirical study shows that liquidity premium accounts for a relatively smaller portion of corporate bond spread in China, although the market liquidity is low and corporate bond issuers are strictly pre‐screened. These findings are interesting, as the developed markets have better liquidity and less pre‐issuance restriction, and liquidity premium still explains a relatively larger portion of corporate bond spread. Besides, we also explore the determinants of Chinese corporate bond liquidity and default premiums.