Full-wave Rectifier Circuit Research Articles

A semi-analytical electromechanical model for energy harvesting of plate with acoustic black hole indentations

Acoustic black hole (ABH) has been proved to be helpful for the energy harvesting of beam. Since thin plates are more widely used in practical engineering, it is of great significance to explore the energy harvesting with ABH effect applying to thin plate. Therefore, a piezoelectric plate with ABH indentations is designed and a standard full-wave rectifier circuit connected to the energy harvester in this paper. A semi-analytical electromechanical model is proposed for the energy harvesting system and Gaussian basis functions are used to solve the coupled electromechanical equations. The harvested power is calculated with the proposed method and the acceptable accuracy could be found through the validation against finite element simulation. Finally, a comprehensive analysis has been performed and numerical results show the system parameters (such as piezoelectric layer parameters, ABH parameters, and circuit parameters) have a significant influence on the energy harvesting.

Analisis Ripple Voltage pada Rangkaian Half-Wave Rectifier dan Full-Wave Rectifier Menggunakan Kombinasi Filter Kapasitor dan Resistor

The aim of this research is to investigate and analyze the ripple voltage in half wave and full wave rectifier circuits with a focus on the use of a combination of capacitor and resistor filters. This research is experimental research using Circuit Wizard. The tools and materials used include CT transformers, diodes, resistors, capacitors, multimeters, alternating power sources, and oscilloscopes. The research process begins by designing and implementing a circuit in the Circuit Wizard simulator according to the concept of half wave and full wave rectification with capacitor and resistor filters. The research results show that to produce a small ripple voltage, use large capacitance and resistance values. The best ripple voltage value produced is 0.6 V when using a 150 mF capacitor or 1000 Ohm resistor.

Analisis Half-Wave dan Full-Wave Rectifiers Menggunakan Circuit Lab Online

Functioning as a current rectifier, the presence of a diodeas an active electronic component cannot be separated in life. Therectifier function of this diode is also known as a rectifier whichworks by converting the alternating current (AC) from a device todirect current (DC). The rectifier can be used in half wave rectifierand full wave rectifier circuits This study aims to analyze moredeeply about the signal output of a half-wave rectifier circuit and theeffect of attention value on the output signal of a full-wave rectifiercircuit. The research was conducted using a literature studyapproach and verification through online experiments using aCircuit Lab simulator. After doing research, it is known that thesignal issued by a half-wave rectifier circuit has no valleys. Whereasin a full wave rectifier circuit it is known that the values have aninfluence on the output signal.

Utilization Semi Cylindrical Capacitor for Measuring Starch Content Thai Type Cassava

It has been realized that the measurement of the Thai type of cassava starch uses a semi-cylindrical capacitor has been done. This measurement is carried out by providing an input signal to the semi-cylindrical capacitor plate using the IC XR-2206 oscillator with a frequency of 100 kHz. The output signal from the capacitor is in the form of an AC voltage which is then forwarded to the full wave rectifier circuit. The output voltage of the rectifier is a DC voltage, and the results are displayed using a DSO oscilloscope. Cassava starch content was measured by the specific gravity method, and the stress was measured using a semi-cylindrical capacitor. In measuring the starch content, the starch content was 19.12 - 28.76% (range 9.64%) and gave an output voltage of 7.53 - 7.89 V (range 0.36 V). Using the linear regression method, the characteristic equation V = 0.035 KP + 6.871, and the correlation value was equals to 0.985.

A Novel Graphical Approach for the Fast Estimation of Filter Capacitor Value and the Output Performance of Various Uncontrolled Rectifier

This paper proposes a novel approach for low-power applications for the fast estimation of filter capacitor value and the output performance parameters such as average, and Root Mean Square (RMS) values for the voltage and current considering single-phase full-wave, three-phase half-wave and three-phase full-wave rectifier circuits. For this aim, the novel equations in this work are derived for the average output voltage and rms ripple voltage separately for each of the above-mentioned three rectifier types. Then % ripple factors for each rectifier type are calculated using newly derived equations and plotted versus the newly introduced Normalized Time Constant (NTC). Besides, considering the peak supply voltage as the base voltage, the Per Unit (p.u.) output average voltage and rms ripple voltage for each of the rectifier circuits are computed and plotted versus NTC. These graphs will be normalized graphs since the output values of these graphs have turned into independent of both supply voltage amplitude and supply frequency. Normalized graphs are set up only once for each type of the rectifier circuit. Then, and for a pre-selected ripple factor value, the corresponding NTC value is obtained by straightforward reading from the graphs set up between the % ripple factor and NTC. Once the NTC value has been acquired, using the formula of NTC leads to finding the capacitor value required for the pre-selected ripple factor with one simple step calculation. Furthermore, the p.u. values of the average output voltage and rms ripple voltage values that correspond to the same NTC value are obtained by reading them from the set-up graphs directly. Finally, the efficiency of the proposed method is demonstrated through design examples for each type of rectifier circuit. The three design examples highlight how the output performance values can be obtained easily, accurately and swiftly. Furthermore, the viability of the graphical approach is verified by the experimental results which demonstrate the suitability of the derived equations in the proposed method.

Multi-domain system level modeling approach for assessment of degradation behaviour under thermal and thermo-mechanical stress

Within the scope of this work, a multi-domain system modeling approach that is compatible with various electronical components and subsystems used in automotive and railway applications is to be developed. This approach serves the development of a hybrid, model-based condition monitoring of complex electronic and mechatronic systems. It aims at the implementation of condition monitoring in relevant applications of automotive and railway technology, e.g., safety-relevant electronic systems for train control and control units of electrified automobiles. Furthermore, the multi-physics modeling of the mentioned electronic components is performed using different object-oriented simulation environments, such as Simulink and OpenModelica11Simulink® and Modelica® are registered trademarks. in order to obtain as much information as possible that is relevant for the reliability assessment of the modeled systems. The approach is applied on two common example circuits used in complex electronic systems, a clocking circuit with a crystal oscillator and a full-wave bridge rectifier circuit. Moreover, the investigated circuits as well as the degradation behaviour under external loads during the operational lifetime in order to model the functionality are demonstrated.

Damping force switching type electromagnetic damper using 3-phase DC motor and relay

In general, a semiactive damper has high performance of vibration control compared to passive damper. The damper requires a power supply and sensors in order to adjust an optimized damping force for the damper, several condition of vibration systems, such kind of force, acceleration and displacement etc. The authors have developed an electromagnetic type sensor less semiactive damper. In previous paper, the sensor less semiactive damper that generates the electromagnetic damping force by using the generator instead of the speed sensor in order to obtain switchable damping and improve the vibration control effect without any sensors was developed. By connecting the terminal circuit of the generator with a resistor, rectifiers and a solid-state relay(SSR), the voltage from the generator rises when the speed exceeds a border of relay, causing the relay to close and the damping force to automatically switch. In this paper, a new electromagnetic type sensor less semiactive damper with brushless direct drive motor was developed. Three phase full-wave rectifier circuit and SSR are connected to the motor in terminal. Resisting force of the damper were measured and the experimental results were compared with the theoretical results, and effect using rectifier was confirmed.

Enhanced output performance of piezoelectric energy harvester based on hierarchical Bi3.15Nd0.85Ti3O12 microspheres/PVDF-HFP composite

The inclusion of inorganic piezoelectric fillers in the polymeric matrix of flexible ferroelectric polymer synergies the piezoelectricity for wearable electronics. Herein, hierarchical Bi3.15Nd0.85Ti3O12 microspheres (H-BNdT MPs) embedded in the polymeric matrix of polyvinylidene fluoride–hexafluoropropylene (PVDF-HFP) based piezoelectric thin films are fabricated by using a facile and cost-effective film-forming method, drop-casting. The composites possess improved dielectric and ferroelectric properties comparing with that of the pure PVDF-HFP film without any electrical poling treatment. More importantly, the highest outputs of an open-circuit voltage of 20 V and a short-circuit current of 1.9 μA under the repeated mechanical force of 10 N at the frequency of 2 Hz were successfully achieved. The maximum power of the optimal PEH can reach as high as 4.6 mW, corresponding to a power density of 938 μW/cm2, and the output electricity can light up 10 LEDs with a full-wave rectifier circuit. The enhanced output performance is attributed to the high local stress around the H-BNdT MPs arising from the hollow hierarchical architecture of the inorganic fillers. The lead-free flexible PEH is also proved to have the ability to harvest the biomechanical energy of human movements, such as finger pinching, finger tapping, and fist punching. In particular, a PEH shoe is made to harvest energy from walking and running. This PEH is confirmed to be a potential energy harvester and effective self-powered generator to drive wearable devices.

Error factors of AC-DC conversion circuits accuracy

Voltage standard source is an important basic instrument in the electrical measurement and testing field, and it has important guarantee significance for many industries. AC voltage standard source is based on AC-DC conversion technology to achieve output function of high precision AC voltage. In order to get a better effect of AC-DC conversion, the three factors—operational amplifier, resistance and diode—that have a greater impact on the accuracy of the rectifier output were taken the research object, and their impacts on the circuit error were analyzed respectively. The output result was compared with the output of full wave precision rectification circuit under ideal state, and the scheme of reducing error in the precision rectifier circuit was summarized, which provides a reference for improving the accuracy of AC-DC conversion in the design of full wave rectifier circuit.

Design and testing of 1 phase semi-controlled rectifier circuit (experiment scale): a part of green laboratory project

This paper discussed design and testing of one (1) phase semi-controlled full wave rectifier circuit (experiment scale) as a part of green laboratory project. The research method was divided by two stages: design and testing. The design stage included: component selection and calculation, conceptual design and circuit physical implementation. The three main components included 2 diodes, 2 thyristors (SCR), resistive (R) and inductive (L) load with varying values. The testing stage was physical rectifier circuit operation with R (220; 580; 1,500 ohm) and R-L (L=2.37 H) load. The voltage waveform, voltage and current were observed during this stage. The testing results (voltage and current) in rms value were compared with theoretical calculation for validation. The testing results showed that the rectifier circuit working optimally. The testing results were differed by small percentage with theoretical calculation. The output voltage was differed by 1.085%. The output current for R and R-L load were differed by 4.590% and 6.457%, respectively.

An inductorless piezoelectric energy harvesting interface circuit using gyrator induced voltage flip technique

PurposeThe purpose of this research paper is to explore the possibility to enhance the power transfer from piezoelectric energy harvester (PEH) source to the load. As the proposed gyrator-induced voltage flip technique (GIVFT) does not require bulky components such as physical inductors, it is easily realizable in small integrated circuits (IC) package thereby offering performance benefits, reducing area overhead and providing cost benefits for constrained self-powered autonomous Internet-of-Things (IoT) applications.Design/methodology/approachThis paper presents an inductorless interface circuit for PEH. The proposed technique is called GIVFT and is demonstrated using active elements. The authors use gyrator to induce voltage flip at the output side of PEH to enhance the charge extraction from PEH. The proposed technique uses the current-voltage (I-V) relationship of gyrator to get appropriate phasor response necessary to induce the voltage flip at the output of PEH to gain power transfer enhancement at the load.FindingsThe experimental results show the efficacy of the GIVFT realization for enhanced power extraction. The authors have compared their proposed design with popular earlier reported interface circuits. Experimentally measured performance improvement is 1.86×higher than the baseline comparison of full-wave bridge rectifier circuit. The authors demonstrated a voltage flip using GIVFT to gain power transfer improvement in piezoelectric energy harvesting.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, pertaining to the field of PEH, this is the first reported GIVFT based on the I-V relationship of the gyrator. The proposed approach could be useful for constrained self-powered autonomous IoT applications, and it could be of importance in guiding the design of new interface circuits for PEH.

Electronically Tunable Full Wave Precision Rectifier Using DVCCTAs

This work presents a voltage mode scheme of a full-wave precision rectifier circuit using an analog building block differential voltage current conveyor transconductance amplifier (DVCCTA) including five NMOS transistors. The proposed design is essentially suited for low voltage and high-frequency input signals. The operation of the proposed rectifier design depends upon the region of operation of NMOS transistors. The output waveform of the presented rectifier design can be made electronically tunable by controlling the bias voltage. The functional correctness and verification of the presented design are performed using 0.25-µm TSMC technology under the supply voltage of ±1.5 V. The absence of a resistor leads to a minimal parasitic effect. To obtain further insight on the robustness of the circuit, a Monte Carlo simulation and corner analysis are also presented. The circuit is verified experimentally by incorporating a breadboard model with the help of commercially available ICs CA3080 (operational transconductance amplifier) and AD844AN (current feedback operational amplifier) and offers remarkable compliance with both theoretical and simulation outcomes. The presented design has been laid out on Cadence virtuoso, which consumes a chip area of 9044 µm2.

Design of low-voltage and low-power current-mode DTMOS transistor based full-wave/half-wave rectifier

A low-voltage and low-power current mode rectifier based on dynamic threshold MOS (DTMOS) transistor is proposed in this paper. The suggested one input–two output rectifier architecture provides full-wave rectification and half-wave rectification. Full-wave rectifier consists of only 6 MOS transistors (excluding 1 MOS transistor in half-wave rectifier part) and is designed without the necessity of using active and passive circuit elements. The proposed rectifier design is simulated using 0.13 µm IBM CMOS technology parameters. The full-wave rectifier circuit requires ± 0.25 V of supply voltages and consumes only 4.36 nW thanks to employing DTMOS transistor structure.

A new versatile full wave rectifier using voltage conveyors

In this paper we propose a new versatile full wave rectifier circuit using voltage conveyor (VCs) as active blocks. The proposed circuit uses two VCs, a single grounded resistor and two diodes. Compared to other previously reported rectifier circuits, it shows a simple and compact structure, employing the minimum possible number of elements. Moreover, the rectified output is available in forms of both voltage and current signals, at low impedance voltage output Z port and high impedance X port of VC, respectively. Therefore, for practical use, the proposed rectifier is cascadable without the need for extra voltage and current buffers. In addition, also the input signal can be applied in both forms of a current and of a voltage. To validate the presented theory, SPICE simulations, using 0.35 µm CMOS technology parameters and supply voltage of ±1.65 V, are reported, together with a set of measurements conducted over an equivalent discrete-level circuit, where AD844s were used to mimic VCs behavior.

Dielectric Resonator Rectenna System using Full Wave Rectification Configuration

With the wireless communication advances in the recent years, the level of RF energy present in the environment rises day by day. Only fractional part of RF energy presented is used, on contra, the remaining RF energy is the wastage in the form of waves that become challenging issue to harvest. Here, one of the RF harvesting systems known as Rectenna is implemented. Star shaped Dielectric Resonator Antenna (DRA) is used as receiver to collect RF energy at ISM frequency band (2.45 GHz) from atmosphere. The received RF energy is fed to Full wave rectifier circuit. The parametric study shows the 24.733 dBm power is harvested for 30 dBm input power is fed. The maximum 81.67 % RF to DC conversion efficiency is achieved.

Design of a Frequency Doubler Circuit for Suppressing Odd Harmonics

In this paper, a doubler circuit which can suppress odd harmonics is designed by using the non-linear characteristics of field effect transistor (FET) and bipolar junction transistor(BJT) devices. The frequency doubler consists of three parts: small signal full wave rectifier circuit, frequency doubler circuit and band-pass filter circuit. It realizes fundamental and third harmonics suppression by rectifying the input signal of single FET frequency doubler. Meanwhile, the output power is twice as high as that of single FET frequency doubler (3dB higher). Circuit simulation results indicate that when the input fundamental voltage amplitude is 0.5V, the output voltage amplitude of second harmonics is 0.342V, the fundamental suppression is greater than 48.85dBc, and the third harmonic suppression is greater than 34.39dBc. Compared with the traditional single FET frequency doubler, this design improves the frequency conversion efficiency.

High Efficiency RF Energy Harvesting CNTFET Rectifier for Bio-implants Applications

Carbon nanotube field effect transistor (CNTFET) based full wave rectifier given in the paper, works efficiently in the range of radio frequency. The CNTFET offers extremely less power loss and high through-put because of its high conducting properties. The Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) based studies are available but CNTFET based studies are rarely available. Therefore, CNTFET based rectifier has been used for the replacement of CMOS based rectifier architecture. The full wave rectifier circuit was analyzed using 32nm CNTFET Stanford model. An additional circuit of clampers is also used for introducing a negative DC level. Introduced negative DC signal further negated RF input signal and combined signal used for biasing the p type device during its conduction cycle. The CNTFET based rectifier with clamper circuit decreases the effective threshold voltage of switching p CNTFETs. The circuit resulted better RF input sensitivity of the transistor. Results show that 77.7% power conversion efficiency is suitable for powering up the bio-implantable devices.

Analisis Uji Kelayakan Trainer Kit Elektronika Daya: 3 Phase Half-Wave and Full-Wave Uncontrolled Rectifier

This study discusses about feasibility test analysis of power electronics trainer kit before it can be used in the learning process of power electronics practicum especially for uncontrolled 3 phase rectifiers. This testing process is carried out to ensure that the developed power electronics trainer complies with the criteria of a trainer kit that can be used in the learning process of power electronics practice. This feasibility test analysis is a laboratory level testing activity where the testing phase includes electrical testing and circuit testing. A circuit testing is carried out for 3 phase half-wave and full-wave rectifier circuits. The results showed that the developed power electronics trainer is in accordance with the criteria as a trainer kit in the learning process so that it could be applied in the learning process of power electronics practice in the laboratory. It can be concluded that power electronics trainer kit can be used as a trainer kit in the learning process of power electronics practicum

The Effect of Load Resistance on uncontrolled Rectifier Performance

This paper presents the usefulness of the circuit simulator Multisim software moreover, the understanding the operation of full-wave single phase rectifier circuit with RC load and study the effect of the load resistance on the voltage, output current were discussed , the output power, the ripple factor and the total harmonic distortion ( THD). Simulation results are existing along with the theoretical analysis. It can obtain a power factor by simulated is unity, to be excellent results

Zener diode vs rectifier diode: The comparation of Gaussian probability distribution charts from full-wave rectifier circuits

The aim of this research is to get an explanation why the use of zener diode in full-wave rectifier circuit is not suitable. The diode used in this research is IN4728 zener diode and IN4002 rectifier diode, which is connected to 1,200 ohm resistor. The circuit is supplied with 5-volt AC power supply with frequency of 50 Hz. The output voltage data of the diode is clipped by using LoggerPro voltage sensor. The data is processed by fitting the data according to the Gaussian probability distribution. The results showed that the Gaussian probability distribution chart of the circuit using IN4728 zener diode has an asymmetric shape, unlike the Gaussian probability distribution chart of the circuit using an IN4002 rectifier diode that has a symmetrical shape. The IN4728 zener diode has breakdown voltage of 3.3 V. When reversed bias is occur and the source voltage exceeds the breakdown voltage of the zener diode, the voltage still pass through the zener diode at 3.3 V. This causes the charts of its Gaussian probability distribution has an asymmetric shape. So it can be concluded that the use of IN4728 zener diode for rectifier circuit is not suitable.