Housewives Research Articles

Comparison of the Efficacy of Intra-Articular Cortevcosteroid Injection and Phonophoresis in the Treatment of Adhesive Capsulitis

Background: The term ‘frozen shoulder’ should be reserved for a well-defined disorder characterized by progressive pain and stiffness of shoulder which usually resolves spontaneously after about 18 months. The objectives of treatment are to relieve pain and thus restore motion and function of shoulder. Recommended treatment approaches are physical therapy, local and systemic corticosteroid, anti-inflammatory drugs, antidepressants, nerve blocks and manipulation under anesthesia. Objective: Compare the efficacy of intra-articular corticosteroid injection and phonophoresis in the treatment of Adhesive Capsulitis. Method And Material: : This randomized clinical trial was performed in the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh, over a period of six months. Study population was the patients of adhesive capsulitis disease attending the out- patient department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation during the study period. Meticulous history taking, clinical examination and relevant investigations were done. Eligible participants were allocated into two groups, group A-intra-articular corticosteroid injection and group B- phonophoresis by randomization with the help of lottery. Statistical Analysis: Statistical analysis was performed using the statistical program Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 16.0. Continuous variables (age, etc) were expressed as mean ± SD and comparison of socio- demographic variable of both groups was measures by chi-square test and outcome variables by t-test. A “p” value <0.05 was considered as significant with 95% confidence interval. Result: The mean age of the patients in this study was 51.47 ± 6.30 years. Out of 74 patients 44 were female & 30 were male and the ratio female: male ratio 1.46: 1. Out of 74patients 40.54% patients had right sided involvement and 59.45% patients had left sided involvement. Among 74 patients, service holder were 25 (33.80%), house wife 23 (31%), reteired (12.16%), labour 5(6.755), teacher 4(5.41%) and others 8(10.81%). Significant difference of VAS score and DASH score between Group A and Group B was found at week 2 and Week 6 follow up (P<0.05). Significant difference was found at week 2 and week 6 follow up (P<0.05) regarding ROM (flexion, abduction, internal rotation, external rotation) in Group A than Group B. Conclusion: Present study shown that intra-articular corticosteroid injection was more effective to reduce pain, improve ROM and disability in adhesive capsulitis.

Frequency, Etiology and Risk Factors of Infant Burn Injuries

Background: Pediatric population in Pakistan is exposed to alarming consequences of burn injuries. Infants have a higher risk of fatality from burns than adolescents and adults. Merely few burn centers across the country are equipped with the resources and trained doctors/paramedical staff who can cater well to the neonatal and infant burn patients. We studied the frequency, etiology and risk factors of infant burn injuries to call attention and bring in public policy for its prevention and awareness among public. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in the Department of Pediatric Surgery and Pediatric Burn Unit, Mayo Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan from September 2023 to August 2024. All patients being admitted with burn injuries who were 12 months old or younger were included in the study. A structured questionnaire was filled by the duty doctor after interviewing the parents/guardians. Results: Total 2638 children presented with burns. Out of 867 admissions 75 were infants with male predominance. Mean age was 9.4+3.4 months ranging from 11 days to 12 months. 62 were scalds, 12 flame burns and one electric burn. Mothers were primary caretakers in 89% cases and 97% mothers were house wives. 71% lived in nuclear families. 64 out of 75 were kitchen accidents. All families faced major disruption in natural gas supply in their homes. Majority accidents occurred in winters and 62.6% in January and February alone. Conclusion: Infant burns can be prevented by close surveillance, keeping infants away from kitchen, support system for mothers at home and keeping stove and hot items on shelves away from reach. Provision of hot running water and infrastructure for adequate power and gas supply along with awareness/prevention campaigns by government bodies are needed to save vulnerable infants from this adversity.

Centenary of the «Fordson-Putilovets» tractor

One hundred years ago, the serial production of the «Fordzon-Putilovets» wheeled tractor began at the «Krasny Putilovets» plant in Leningrad, which was a significant event in the history of machine building in the USSR. The start of production was preceded by the work of the Gosplan tractor commission, which was created to determine the tractor model and the enterprise for its production. (Research purpose) The research purpose is identifying the circumstances of the choice of the object and place of mass production of the tractor, determining the contribution of scientists to the work of the tractor commission; reflecting the importance of mass production in domestic engineering. (Materials and methods) Used sources reflecting the formation of tractor construction, archival materials of the V. P. Goryachkin Museum. Conducted research in accordance with the principles of historicism, scientific objectivity and reliability. (Results and discussion) It was shown that the process of initial tractorization of the country, in addition to purchases abroad and semiindustrial production of original designs, was also characterized by serial production of tractors according to foreign models. It was noted that the tractor «Fordzon» was recommended for mass production by the tractor commission of the State Planning Committee. The role of scientists V. P. Goryachkin and P. M. Belyanchikov, who organized the tests of the american tractor and determined its technical and operational characteristics, was revealed. The «Krasny Putilovets» plant was chosen as the place of mass production. (Conclusions) The tractorization of the country was carried out mainly due to the serial production of a tractor, the analogue of which was «Fordzon». Scientists V. P. Goryachkin and P. M. Belyanchikov were directly involved in the selection of this type of tractor. Its reproduction on «Krasny Putilovets» became possible thanks to the active position of the company’s management. The production of the Fordzon-Putilovets tractor contributed to the saturation of agriculture with traction machines, and the purposeful work on mastering the serial production of tractor equipment at the «Krasny Putilovets» plant marked the creation of the tractorbuilding industry in the USSR machine building.

KNOWLEDGE ON BREAST FEEDING AND WEANING AMONG MOTHERS OF INFANTS IN ICDDR,B HOSPITAL, DHAKA

This study was carried out to assess knowledge regarding breast feeding and weaning among lactating mothers of infants attending International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b) Hospital. A pretested semistructured questionnaire was used for this purpose and the study period was May to August 2011. 200 lactating mothers with children less than one year of age was selected. The study revealed that the mean age of mothers was 24± SD 6 years and mean age of child was 6.25 months. Most of respondents were Muslim (92.5%) and from nuclear family (62.5%). Most of the respondents had completed their primary education (56%), 82% of them are house wife, most of the respondents family income ranges from BDT 3,000-10,000. Majority of the respondent had mean monthly income of BDT 6028 ± SD 4636. Marital age’s ranges from 18-22 years and 23% were less than 18 years. Majority of infants’ mother (81%) thought that breast feeding is compulsory for every child. About (46%) opined that colostrum is needed for infants. About 26% thought that thickness of colostrum is indigestible and 22% thought that colostrum may be harmful for the infants. Only 33.5% had fair knowledge on breastfeeding but majority (72.5%) of the infant’s mother shows fair knowledge regarding weaning. About 75 % mother got information regarding breast feeding and weaning knowledge from television. The knowledge of mothers regarding breast feeding was poor but their knowledge on weaning was comparatively adequate.

Exclusive Breast-Feeding Practices in Bangladesh: An Observational Study

Exclusive breastfeeding practices contribute to the overall well-being and development of child. In spite of Bangladesh has National Breastfeeding Policy and also Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative the exclusive breastfeeding rate in Bangladesh remains below. However, establishing EBF remains a significant problem not only in Bangladesh but in other developing nations. The aim of the study was to observe the actual scenario of exclusive breast feeding (EBF) practices in Bangladesh. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 32 government health care facilities of Bangladesh for five months. Multi stage stratified sampling design was followed for selection of study places and mothers whom visited health care facilities having a child with below one year of age was selected purposively. Data collection was conducted by using a structured questionnaire by face-face interview. Data coding and analysis or statistical analysis done by SPSS version 26. Among 320 respondents, Socio demographic characteristics of respondents revealed 92.2% were house wife; most of them had primary to higher secondary level education. Among them 75.9% of the mother delivered their baby at hospital and mode of the delivery percentage was almost similar which was 50%. Two third of the mother exclusively breast fed their child (74%) and know about benefits of colostrum (78.1%). Foster multidisciplinary teamwork, continuous leadership support, and enforce national or institutional policies, focusing on the National Breastfeeding Policy and Regulation of Breast Milk Substitutes Act can increase the practices.

A POSSIBLE SOLUTION FOR THE DEMOGRAPHIC WINTER: RAISING MANY CHILDREN AS A JOB

Public concern about population growth has persisted since Malthus. However, the situation is gradually changing. The pandemic-like spread of population decline is reversing this global trend. Human population growth is expected to halt at 10.4 billion in the second half of the 21st century, marking the era of global population decline. Global fertility rates are falling continuously. This trend benefits high-fertility regions such as Africa and West Asia but poses significant challenges in low-fertility regions like Europe, North America, and East Asia. Today, the developed world faces a new and serious problem: demographic winter, leading to issues such as an ageing population, a decreasing number of women of childbearing age, rising dependency ratios, and demographic decline. Addressing these demographic challenges requires new approaches and measures. Current pronatalist policies that encourage 2-3 children per family are insufficient. This study proposes the introduction of a radical pronatalist institution: full-time motherhood. This initiative aims to employ voluntary couples and mothers willing to have 5 or more children per family. It is the best way to achieve replacement-level (2.1) fertility. This pronatalist solution is efficient and aligns with Western values, being voluntary, free, and democratic.

Assess the knowledge regarding food adulteration among house wife: A study on berhampur city of Ganjam district, Odisha

Adulteration of food has occurred if it contains any substance injurious to health; it contains any filthy, putrid or decomposed substance; it is prepared, handled or stored under unsanitary conditions; diseased animals have been used in preparation; the container is made of a poisonous substance which will render the contents harmful; contains colours and preservatives other than those permitted by law; it contains pesticide residues or additives not recognised as safe etc. foods may be adulterated either intentional or incidental at all stages from production to selling. Food is adulterated if its quality is lowered or affected by the addition of substances which are injurious to health or by the removal of substances which are nutritious. The present study focuses on the awareness of the housewives among the consumers on food adulterants and to find out the extent of adulteration of the food stuffs. This study was conducted to assess the knowledge about food adulteration among 100 housewives in selected areas, Berhampur. A survey was conducted to collect the information through interview method. They must be well acquainted with the physical food characteristics such as appearance, colour, shape, texture, touch, flavour, taste etc. The urban and rural women are using the home test method for detecting food adulteration. Some urban house wives are having knowledge about food law and the rest of the housewife’s are not aware about food law. The rural housewife’s are not having any knowledge regarding food law, food standard and consumer protection Act. It can be concluded that some women are not having any knowledge regarding different adulteration programme. So, the government and people should promote the different adulteration programme. The media should take a great role to aware women in an interesting and attractive manner. Hence, it is essential to create community awareness and take interventional measures for the health and wellbeing of the community

THE FIRST CENTURY OF KIROV TRACTORS

In 2024, it will be one hundred years since the start of serial production of the Fordson-Putilovets tractor at the Krasny Putilovets plant in Leningrad. This event marks the formation of the tractor industry in the domestic engineering industry. The history of tractor production at the plant is rich in events that are significant for our country. In 1934, for the first time in the USSR, serial production of Universal row crop tractors was established here. In the late 1930s, tracked row crop tractors K-8, K-9, K-10 were created. In 1945, the Kirov Plant, located during the war in Chelyabinsk at ChTZ, created and mastered the serial production of the first industrial caterpillar tractor in our country "Stalinets-80". In 1947, the Kirov plant began to produce KT-12 skidders, which had no analogues in the world tractor industry. In 1964, the plant mastered the production of the Kirovets tractor with all drive wheels and an articulated frame with a capacity of 200 hp. Over the past sixty years (1964-2024), 52 models of Kirovets agricultural tractors have been developed and put into production. In the "Soviet" period from 1964 to 1991, 4 models of new Kirovets tractors were put into production, and in the "Russian" period from 1992 to the present - 48. The intensity of implementation has increased approximately tenfold, which indicates the increased activity of design and technological services in a market economy. Analysis of the energy saturation of tractors shows its increase by 1.5 times from 12.3 to 18.6 W/kg. Starting from 2000, Kirovets began to develop within the framework of the "traction-energy" concept, when ballast weights, double wheels, wide-profile tires, rubber-cord tracks, etc. are used to realize their potential traction capabilities. With the further growth of energy saturation, and this is an integral part of technical progress, it is necessary to search for new solutions in terms of realizing the power of the tractor in agricultural operations. From 1964 to 2024, specific fuel consumption decreased by 1.2 times (from 258 to 214 g/kWh), which indicates the improvement of diesel engines. The new Kirovets K 525T (250 hp) and K-530T (300 hp) produced in 2024 absorbed all the achievements of the domestic tractor industry. The K-525T is equipped with a new gearbox that provides speeds of up to 50 km/h. A modern tractor of the Kirovets brand manufactured by PTZ carries in its design all the achievements of scientific and technical progress, effectively performs technological operations in agricultural production and provides comfortable working conditions for the tractor driver.

Factors Associated With Appropriateness of Vaccination Age Coverage For Measles Vaccine In Kufa District, Najaf Governorate, Iraq

Measles is one of the diseases that can be effectively managed with vaccination. Herd immunity is a concept that describes the situation where a large proportion of a population is vaccinated, resulting in high coverage rates. Measles infections persist at high levels in specific areas despite the general vaccination rates. Administering the vaccination at the recommended age is crucial for attaining protection and reducing the transmission of vaccine-preventable illnesses . Cross –sectional study was conducted from 1st of OCT .2023 until 25th of JAN. 2024 among mothers with their child aged 12-23 month. The purpose of this study was to assess age-appropriate measles vaccination coverage and associated factors. Collected data using pre-tested questionnaires also data on measles vaccination were taken from vaccination card.This study analyzed 388 mothers, revealing that the majority of father age were between 20-34y, with 41.2% having primary education. Mother age found to be 258(66.5%) between 20-34y .225(57.9%) of father occupation were free job and 334(86.1%) were house wife by occupation, the sex of child 201(51.8%) were found to be female .68.61% were vaccinated with measles vaccine on time, (29.38%) were delayed and (1.80%) were found to be unvaccinated. The education level, number of children in the family and child order are significantly associated with measles vaccination status of child. As we revealed that the proportion of individuals receiving the vaccine within the designated timeframe is below 70%. We should focus on enhancing on time of routine children immunization. This can be achieved by reinforcing existing techniques, developing new approaches, and emphasizing the media's role in promoting the significance of timely vaccine administration.

Reducing Loss Production Opportunity (LPO) at PT Pertamina EP Donggi Matindok field

Pertamina EP Donggi Matindok Field (PEP DMF) in Regional 4 significantly contributes to production and profit, accounting for 1.95% of total SHU production and 2.46% of net profit by the third quarter of 2023. However, PEP DMF faces challenges with Loss Production Opportunity (LPO), which denotes the gap between potential and actual production, impacting both production performance and revenue. The research aims to tackle the increase in Loss Productivity Opportunity (PPO) by identifying the main problems, analyzing contributing factors, determining root causes, and developing strategies to mitigate LPO, particularly focusing on the 2023 increase. Through a structured approach, the study provides a comprehensive analysis of the issues leading to increased LPO and offers practical business solutions, contributing valuable insights that can be applied to similar industrial challenges. The root causes were pinpointed using the Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) and Pareto Diagram methods, identifying primary issues as unreliable IGBT components, the absence of certified engineers, and discontinued spare parts for the VSD Booster Compressor. The recommended solution, determined through Kepner-Tregoe Decision Analysis, is to replace a new brand that has domestic engineers and its spare parts are still being produced.

Evaluation of Surgical Reconstruction of Old Tendo Achilles Injury by Bosworth Technique

Background: Chronic Achilles tendon rupture in the watershed hypovascular region (zone II) makes end-to-end repair less feasible. Bosworth's technique, involving gastrocnemius-soleus turndown, was studied to determine its efficacy and functional outcome in repairing chronic tendon in zone II. Objective: To evaluate surgical reconstruction of old Tendo Achilles injury by Bosworth technique. Methods: This prospective study was carried out in Dhaka Medical College Hospital (DMCH) form July 2006 to December 2007. 20 cases were selected as non-randomized purposive sampling technique who came to the out patients department of DMCH. All cases were diagnosed as old neglected Tendo Achilles injury and treated by surgical reconstruction by Bosworth technique. Two cases were lost from follow up and discarded from the study. Finally the study was done on 18 patients. Results: The mean age of the patients was 31.7 years and the lowest and highest cases were 17 and 47 years respectively. The male female ratio was 5:1. One-third (33.3%) patients were day labourer, 22.2% service holders, 16.7% house wives and the rest 27.8% students. Two-Third of the patients (67%) had involvement of left Tendo Achilles and the rest (33%) had right Tendo Achilles. Nearly 40% of patients’ injury was caused by the overhanging edge of the toilet Pan, 27.8% by traumatic rupture, 11.1% assaulted by sharp weapon, another 11.1% by sharp edge of a metallic plate, 5.6% accidentally by sharp cutting knife and 5.5% by broken glass. The mediun level of injury was 3.5 cm above from the insertion of Tendo Achilles, while the lowest and highest level were 2.5 and 6 cm. Minimum delay from injury to operation was 6 weeks and maximum 32 weeks. 5 patients (27.8%) gained normal range of ankle movement, 6 patients (33.3%) decreased by 5° of unaffected side, 4 (22.2%) by 10° and 3 (16.7%) by more than 10⁰. Mean power of planter flexion, mean calf width and mean score to stand on tip toe on injured side relative ........

AWARENESS AND PRACTICES OF ANTENATAL CARE AMONG PREGNANT FEMALES

Objectives: The objectives of the study were to determine the awareness and practice levels regarding antenatal care among pregnant females visiting Arif memorial teaching hospital, Lahore. Methods: It was a cross sectional study done in 350 pregnant women with singleton pregnancy presented at a tertiary care center using purposive sampling technique. The predesigned questionnaire was used to collect information regarding socio-demographic factors as well as knowledge and practice questions regarding ANC. Scoring was designed with >70% designated as adequate knowledge or practice levels. Information was entered and results were obtained using SPSS 24.0. Results: Among total 350 respondents, mean age was 28.54±5.26 years. The mean knowledge and practice scores were 27.56±6.11 and 12.33±3.14 and there were 110 (31.4%) and 50 (14.3%) women having adequate knowledge and practice respectively. Respondent’s literacy was significantly associated with knowledge (p=0.015) and working women have better practices than house wives (p<0.001). Conclusion: It was concluded that the adequate knowledge and practices regarding ANC was considerably low. To improve community awareness on ANC community campaign and mass media should use. Family support and government support both should be parallel provided to pregnant female in order to improve maternal health. Key words: Antenatal Care, Knowledge, Practice, Reproductive age women, Tertiary Care Hospital.

Socio-Demographic Profile of Suicidal Death at Manikganj District, Bangladesh: A One Year Autopsy Based Study

Background: Suicide is one of the leading causes of death in many countries and also a major public health concern. When a person dies by suicide the effects are felt by Family, Friends, and communities. The number of suicidal deaths is increasing worldwide day by day and Bangladesh is also facing this situation alarmingly.Objective: To evaluate the Socio-demographic profile of suicidal deaths. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out at Manikganj sadar hospital mortuary, from January 2019 to December 2019.Total 133 suicidal death cases were collected by using a pre-designed format from mortuary register book. The inquest report provided comprehensive information about the deceased. Postmortem examinations documented the method of suspension used and in cases of poisoning, chemical analysis was conducted to determine the type of poison. Results: During this study majority of the deceased were Female (50.38%). The age distribution of the deceased from 01 year to above 51 years, the highest occurrence observed in the age group 11-20 years (33.08%). Most of the deceased were House wife (40.00%). Majority of deceased were Muslims (88.72%). Total 30.08% cases were reported under Manikganj sadar Thana. The most prevalent technique observed for suicide were by Hanging (65.41%) and common consumption of poison is Organo-phosphorous compound (OPC) (65%). Conclusion: The collected data has the potential to facilitate the identification of individuals who are at an elevated risk of engaging in suicidal behaviors. Moreover, this information can be effectively used to support individuals through the implementation of a comprehensive nationwide suicide prevention initiative that adopts a collaborative and interdisciplinary approach. KYAMC Journal Volume: 14, No: 04, January 2024: 210-214.

ВКЛАД ОТЕЧЕСТВЕННЫХ УЧЕНЫХ В РАЗВИТИЕ УСТРОЙСТВ ВЫЧИСЛИТЕЛЬНОЙ ТЕХНИКИ

The study reflected two stages of digital computing, when discrete counting devices and analog computers were created. (Research purpose) The research purpose is identifying the design features of computers in which the ideas of domestic scientists were implemented at the mechanical and electromechanical stages of the development of computer technology. (Materials and methods) Conducted a historical and scientific analysis of literary sources, original works of Russian scientists, descriptions of inventions and patents related to the mechanical and electromechanical stage of the development of computer technology. We studied materials from the Archive of the USSR Academy of Sciences, descriptions of serial computers manufactured in the USSR. (Results and discussion) We considered the outstanding role played by academician P.L. Chebyshev in the history of the construction of continuous counting machines. The design features of the adding machine created by V.T. Odner and further developments of adding machines by domestic engineers (adding machine "Soyuz") were presented. It was noted that with the invention of the Odner adding machine in 1890, the stage of serial production of computer equipment in Russia began. It was shown that in the field of analog computing, a significant contribution was made in the construction of hydraulic integrators by engineer V.S. Lukyanov; electrical integrators by academicians A.N. Krylov, I.S. Bruk. The first electronic analog computers were created at the Electrotechnical Institute of the USSR Academy of Sciences under the leadership of L.I. Gutenmacher. (Conclusions) The ideas and design features of mechanical and analog computing devices were reflected in the works of domestic scientists and engineers. We have traced the continuity in the creation of mechanical and electromechanical calculating machines. We have studied unique samples of computer technology, such as the integrator by A.N. Krylov, the hydraulic integrator by V.S. Lukyanov, the electrical integrators by I.S. Bruk, L.I. Gutenmacher, the electro-optical reading machine by engineer V.E. Agapov.

Ascendancy of Mass Media in Achieving Gender Equality

For centuries, marginalisation has affected the niches and nooks of the world on a different level. Identities like caste, creed, religion, language, race and gender have been practiced with a hierarchy and hegemony. Women are one of the largest marginalized communities along with LGBTQIA+. OTT platform plays a crucial role in displaying voices from the margins in order to showcase socio-cultural inequality and inhumanity. The present paper deals with the Indian patriarchal mindset that refuses to accept women as a major contributor and creator of society. Accepting all weak gender identities as a part of the main stream is almost like mission impossible. Desmond Tutu’s ‘rainbow colour society’ is a far reaching-goal in India. Thanks to social media of the 21st century for transmitting these minority voices to the public’s attention and awareness. The media of the 21st century has aided a lot in conditioning society’s mindset into accepting an egalitarian society. The present paper deals with marginalized married Indian women’s voices from a film called The Great Indian Kitchen on OTT and a television series based on Manju Kapoor’s novel Married Woman and Jhumpa Lahiri’s novel, Namesake. The house wives have been portrayed as searching for identities and are rebellious against the stereotypical roles. The issues of identities of the women protagonists have been powerfully depicted through these channels. The research is based upon qualitative and quantitative data analysis with statistical evidence wherever necessary. The paper is divided into four parts, namely the role of media in the 21st century, issues of identities as a theoretical background, application of the identity issues of Ashima , protagonist of book , Namesake Nimisha, the protagonist, in the film The Great Indian Kitchen and in the tele-series The Married Woman and last but not the least conclusions. This is a study and critique to highlight how the media aids in re-conceptualization of societal norms and traditions for the queer and female community to gain their self-esteem and dignity with special reference to GEM (Gender Empowerment Measure).

The Effectiveness of Wound Dressing with Virana Sanjeevi Thailam (VST) in the Management of Madhumegha Viranam – A Case Report

Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is one of the most prevalent consequences for those with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus (DM). The annual incidence of DFU worldwide is between 9.1 to 26.1 million, the mortality and morbidity are the common reasons for hospitalisation of diabetes patients. The available treatment modalities are expensive and unsatisfactory in the clinical management of DFU. In Siddha system of medicine Diabetic ulcers are referred to as Madhumegha Viranam (MV). Various thailam (medicated oil) are used in the management of ulcers. Virana Sanjeevi thailam (VST) is one of the classical Siddha topical formulations indicated for the management of chronic ulcers. As this thailam is not been subjected to clinical evaluation yet, this case study is to report the effectiveness of wound dressing with VST along with adjuvant Siddha medications in 60 years old, post-menopausal, house wife who reported with complaints of ulcer in the plantar aspect of right foot for a period of 6 months, along with a past history of diabetes and systemic hypertension undergoing modern treatment for the past 10 years. The patient was diagnosed to have MV and the ulcer had features of Grade 2 in Maggit Wagner system of classification of diabetic ulcers, wound area was 12cm2, with pale granulation tissues and purulent discharges. Following treatment, ulcer healed completely in a span of 86 days and Leg Ulcer Measurement Tool score improved from 41/68 to 3/68. This may encourage the use of Siddha medicines in management of DFUs.

Engineering History in Latin America: A Review of Spanish-Language Books.

This review essay examines five Spanish-language books published in Latin America on the emergence of engineering in the region. Focusing on a period from roughly 1850 to 1970, these works share themes of foreigners and foreign education, nation-state construction, and social conceptions of prestige. This research suggests that throughout Latin America foreign educators and models were prominent in early engineering programs and enterprises. However, many historians associate the growth of engineering, especially civil engineering, with increasing state consolidation and economic intervention. As social perceptions of the value of professional engineering changed, domestic engineers increasingly became important planners and mediators. Some engineers became state leaders. By contextualizing these works with other scholarship on the history of engineering, this review essay highlights new insights while suggesting the need for greater attention to gender, race, and labor; comparisons between developments in Latin America, Africa, and Asia; and more research on private-sector engineers.

Assessment of Knowledge Attitude, and Practice of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Selected Hospital of Somalia

Diabetes is a serious, chronic disease that occurs either when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin (a hormone that regulates blood sugar, or glucose), or when the body cannot effectively use the insulin it produces. Diabetes is an important public health problem, one of four priority non-communicable diseases (NCDs) targeted for action by world leaders. Both the number of cases and the prevalence of diabetes have been steadily increasing over the past few decades. Socioeconomic and demographic characteristics of the respondents showed that. Age- majority of the respondent’s age were 33 (25-30%) comprising (33 N=80), 18 (22.5) their age was 30-35, 16 (20.0%) were age 35-40 while 40-45 were 13 (16.2%). Table shows the characteristics of study participants stratified by their gender. The respondent of 49 (61.2%) were males and 31 (38.8%) were females. As see the table above that most of the participants was married while few numbers were windowed and divorced. 15 Were single (18.8%), 58 were Married (72.5%), 3 were widow (3.8%) and 4 were divorced (5.0%). The majority respondents reported to have attained are never go to school education, 53 (66.2%) while of the respondents, secondary education were 8 (10.0%) and also 3 (3.8%) were primary. 12 (15.0%) had Diploma. While 4 (5.0%) was Bachelor degree and above education. The table above shows that majority of the respondents were self employment 33 (41.2%), while the house wife was in second number of respondents were 31 (38.8%) Civil society were 11(13.8) and Health workers also were 5(6.2).

Working Wives and House Wives Purchase Intensions of High Involvement and Low Involvement Products - A Study Based on Kolkata

Both working wives and housewives participate and influence the purchase decisions of high involvement and low involvement products in the family. But the influence level across product categories differs between them, as the working wives are financially independent and better educated compared to their counterpart. That is why in this study an attmpt has been made to find out whether the influence of working wives is higher compared to house wives in case of purchase decisions of high involvement and low involvement products and finally to suggest some marketing strategies to the marketers regarding how they can influence the purchase decisions of both working wives and house wives.

Exploring the Role of Mom's Chat Groups in the Messaging App: Enhancing Support and Empowerment for Stay-At-Home Mothers

This study delves into the digital interactions of stay-at-home moms (SAHMs) in Taiwan, exploring their utilization of LINE messaging app's chat groups as a pivotal means for informational, emotional, and practical support amidst their parenting journeys. Amidst the dominant patriarchal societal norms and potential isolations intrinsic to their role, these SAHMs establish a robust, cooperative digital environment, wherein maternal experiences, knowledge, and emotional backings are collectively shared and curated. Through a two-stage interview study, employing chatbot technology over 14 days with 18 participants, we unveiled how SAHMs engage in both tacit and explicit collaborative work within these chat groups, reclaiming their maternal identity and amplifying their parenting confidence. This exploration not only illuminates the critical role of technology in enhancing collaborative maternal work but also propels the discourse on how SAHMs navigate their distinctive needs within specific socio-cultural contexts through technological means. Consequently, this offers a foundational perspective towards crafting technological designs that are empathetically attuned to the lived experiences and needs of SAHMs in Taiwan.