ВКЛАД ОТЕЧЕСТВЕННЫХ УЧЕНЫХ В РАЗВИТИЕ УСТРОЙСТВ ВЫЧИСЛИТЕЛЬНОЙ ТЕХНИКИ

Abstract

The study reflected two stages of digital computing, when discrete counting devices and analog computers were created. (Research purpose) The research purpose is identifying the design features of computers in which the ideas of domestic scientists were implemented at the mechanical and electromechanical stages of the development of computer technology. (Materials and methods) Conducted a historical and scientific analysis of literary sources, original works of Russian scientists, descriptions of inventions and patents related to the mechanical and electromechanical stage of the development of computer technology. We studied materials from the Archive of the USSR Academy of Sciences, descriptions of serial computers manufactured in the USSR. (Results and discussion) We considered the outstanding role played by academician P.L. Chebyshev in the history of the construction of continuous counting machines. The design features of the adding machine created by V.T. Odner and further developments of adding machines by domestic engineers (adding machine "Soyuz") were presented. It was noted that with the invention of the Odner adding machine in 1890, the stage of serial production of computer equipment in Russia began. It was shown that in the field of analog computing, a significant contribution was made in the construction of hydraulic integrators by engineer V.S. Lukyanov; electrical integrators by academicians A.N. Krylov, I.S. Bruk. The first electronic analog computers were created at the Electrotechnical Institute of the USSR Academy of Sciences under the leadership of L.I. Gutenmacher. (Conclusions) The ideas and design features of mechanical and analog computing devices were reflected in the works of domestic scientists and engineers. We have traced the continuity in the creation of mechanical and electromechanical calculating machines. We have studied unique samples of computer technology, such as the integrator by A.N. Krylov, the hydraulic integrator by V.S. Lukyanov, the electrical integrators by I.S. Bruk, L.I. Gutenmacher, the electro-optical reading machine by engineer V.E. Agapov.