Full Stop Research Articles

Conjunctival microcirculatory blood flow is altered but not abolished in brain dead patients: a prospective observational study.

BackgroundThe conjunctival microcirculation has potential as a window to cerebral perfusion due to related blood supply, close anatomical proximity and easy accessibility for microcirculatory imaging technique, such as sidestream dark field (SDF) imaging. Our study aims to evaluate conjunctival and sublingual microcirculation in brain dead patients and to compare it with healthy volunteers in two diametrically opposed conditions: full stop versus normal arterial blood supply to the brain.MethodsIn a prospective observational study we analyzed conjunctival and sublingual microcirculation using SDF imaging in brain dead patients after reaching systemic hemodynamic targets to optimize perfusion of donor organs, and in healthy volunteers. All brain death diagnoses were confirmed by cerebral angiography. Microcirculatory images were obtained and analyzed using standardized published recommendations. Study registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02483273.ResultsEleven brain dead patients and eleven apparently healthy controls were enrolled in the study. Microvascular flow index (MFI) of small vessels was significantly lower in brain dead patients in comparison to healthy controls in ocular conjunctiva (2.7 [2.4–2.9] vs. 3.0 [2.9–3.0], p = 0.01) and in sublingual mucosa (2.8 [2.6–2.9] vs. 3.0 [2.9–3.0], p = 0.02). Total vessel density (TVD) and perfused vessel density (PVD) of small vessels were significantly lower in brain dead patients in comparison to healthy controls in ocular conjunctiva (10.2 [6.6–14.8] vs. 18.0 [18.0–25.4] mm/mm2, p = 0.001 and 5.0 [3.5–7.3] vs. 10.9 [10.9–13.5] 1/mm, p = 0.001), but not in sublingual mucosa.ConclusionIn comparison to healthy controls brain dead patients had a significant reduction in conjunctival microvascular blood flow and density. However, the presence of conjunctival flow in case general cerebral flow is completely absent makes it impossible to use the conjunctival microcirculation as a substitute for brain flow, and further research should focus on the link between the ocular microcirculation, intracranial pressure and alternative ocular circulation.

How train station name signs should be installed

The legibility of train station name signs was analyzed with parallel (0°) and perpendicular (90°) installations regarding different speeds, different lateral offsets, and different widths of the signs. The theoretical analysis resulted in the superiority of perpendicular installations for short lateral offsets from the platform edge (3 m), and a superiority of parallel installations for large offsets (50 m). Sign width effected legibility nearly proportionally, higher speed reduced legibility inversely proportional. In the empirical part, the superiority of the perpendicular installation at short lateral offsets was supported. From a moving train, legibility of perpendicular signs is superior while during a full stop, parallel installations are advantageous. Thus, as a compromise, parallel installations should be used within the inner circle of a train station while at the entry and exit where trains are still moving, perpendicular signs should be preferred.

ICMPV6 RA FLOODING VULNERABILITY RESEARCH / ICMPV6 PROTOKOLO RA ŽINUČIŲ ATSISAKYMO APTARNAUTI ATAKOS TYRIMAS

ICMPv6 is the newest version of internet control message protocol, whose main purpose is to send error message indicating packet processing failure. It is know that ICMPv6 is technologically vulnerable. One of those vulnerabilities is the ICMPv6 RA flooding vulnerability, which can lead to systems in Local Area Network slow down or full stop. This paper will discuss Windows (XP, 7, 8.1) and Linux Ubuntu 14 operating systems resistance to RA flooding attack research and countermeasures to minimize this vulnerability. ICMPv6 yra naujausios versijos interneto kontrolės žinučių protokolas, kurio pagrindinis tikslas pranešti apie paketų apdorojimo klaidas IPv6 tinklo mazgams. Analizuojant ICMPv6 protokolą nustatyta, jog šis protokolas yra technologiškai pažeidžiamas. Vienas iš pažeidžiamumų yra ICMPv6 maršrutizatoriaus skelbimo žinučių (RA) atsisakymo aptarnauti pažeidžiamumas, kuris leidžia sulėtinti arba visiškai sutrikdyti operacinių sistemų darbą kompiuteriuose, esančiuose vietiniame tinkle. Straipsnyje aprašomas Windows (XP, 7, 8.1) ir Linux Ubuntu tipų operacinių sistemų atsparumo ICMPv6 protokolo RA žinučių atsisakymo aptarnauti atakai tyrimas. Tyrimo metu nustatytas pasirinktų operacinių sistemų atsparumas RA žinučių atsisakymo aptarnauti atakai, esant skirtingiems techninės įrangos resursams. Straipsnyje taip pat pateiktos prevencinės priemonės ICMPv6 RA žinučių atsisakymo aptarnauti pažeidžiamumui šalinti arba minimizuoti.

P218 A full sTOP : Providing a fully integrated sexual health service for women attending termination services

Background/introduction Traditionally Pregnancy Advice Services (PAS) stood apart from Family Planning and Genito-Urinary Medicine services. Since 2011 Abertawe Bro Morgannwg Health Board deliver an Integrated Sexual Health service. Aim(s)/objectives To demonstrate the benefits of integrated an service Methods A case note review of all women attending PAS from 1 st to 29 th February 2016. Results 145 case notes of women accessing PAS were reviewed; median age was 25 years (16–43). 137/145 (94%) had a termination procedure, 1 found not be pregnant, 1 miscarried, 3 transferred to BPAS as >18 weeks pregnant, 3 decided to continue pregnancy. At time of initial consultation, 89/145 (61%) had no form of contraception, 30/145 (21%) used condoms only, 20/145 (14%) were using the Combined Oral Contraception (COC) and 6/145 (4%) the Progesterone Only Pill (POP). At the time of discharge, 77/139 (55%) started a new method of Long Acting Reversible Contraception (LARC). 16/139 (11.5%) were prescribed COC, 25/139 (18%) POP and 1/139 (0.5%), contraceptive patch. 5/139 (4%) declined contraception, 15/139 (11%) wanted to access their GP for future contraception. 144/145 (99%) were offered Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) screening, 133/144 (92%) accepted dual Nucleic Amplification Assay Tests (NAATs), 7/133 (5%) had chlamydia, 1/133 (0.8%) had gonorrhoea. All 74/144 (51%) tested negative for syphilis and HIV. Discussion/conclusion This holistic model of care provides women a more immediate opportunity to address their future contraceptive and sexual health needs, with a 55% increase in uptake of LARC and >5% identification of untreated STIs.

Active Way of Clearing of Fluctuations of Freight after a Stop of the Bridge Crane

Разработан активный способ гашения остаточных маятниковых колебаний груза после остановки мостового крана путем перемещений точки подвеса груза с помощью гидроцилиндров. Разработанный способ позволяет обеспечить сокращение времени остаточных маятниковых колебаний груза. В результате повышается производительность крана.

El derecho natural y la inconstitucionalidad de los delitos de lesa humanidad: bases para una aproximación al deber de obediencia al derecho en el caso “Simón”

En el presente artículo se examina el caso “Simón”, en el que la Corte Suprema de Justicia de la Nación Argentina declaró la invalidez constitucional de las leyes 23.492 y 23.521 de punto final y de obediencia debida. Tales leyes establecían la renuncia a la persecución penal de delitos de lesa humanidad, en pos de una convivencia social pacífica apoyada en el perdón de hechos de esa naturaleza. La perspectiva que se adoptará en este trabajo está centrada en defender la idea de que lo resuelto por la Corte argentina descansa en una visión transpositivista del derecho. Más en concreto, en una noción de obediencia al derecho que resultaría compatible con una de las tesis centrales de la tradición iusnaturalista.

The English Project's History of English Punctuation

The mission of the English Project (www.englishproject.org) is to explore and explain the English language in order to educate and entertain the English speaker, and 2015 was the year of punctuation for the Project because 6 February 2015 was the 500th anniversary of the death of Aldus Manutius. Aldus was a Venetian printer who shaped the comma, invented the semicolon and created italic fonts. He may have been the greatest punctuator of all time. We ‘punctuated’ the year by looking in turn at the full stop, the semicolon, the colon, the comma, the slash, the hyphen, the parenthesis, the exclamation, the apostrophe, the quotation mark and the question mark. Those twelve provide the fundamentals of English language punctuation, and all of them do more than one job. If we had a complete and unambiguous set of punctuation marks, we might need as many as 50, but the writing world does not want the trouble of such precision. In just same way, the writing world has never accepted the need for 44 separate letters to match the 44 separate sounds of the English language. Providing a separate grapheme (letter) for every phoneme (sound) is the linguist's business. Punctuation marks are ambiguous therefore. They suggest rather than define. They rely on context and the quick wittedness of the reader. If precision is needed, there are proofreader's marks. Merriam-Webster lists 42 of them, but proofreading is a special practice. Punctuation marks are a special set of symbols, and of symbols and signs there is no end. Punctuation marks are regularly appropriated by the devisers of computer languages. Punctuation marks can become logotypes – ‘a single piece of type that prints a word’. The exclamation mark can be made to work like &, $, or @. There are fuzzy edges to the subject of punctuation.

Efficient high-speed cornering motions based on continuously-variable feedrates. II. Implementation and performance analysis

A novel high-speed cornering strategy for piecewise-linear motions is proposed, based on the G2 continuous Pythagorean–hodograph (PH) rounding segments and continuously-variable feedrates described in Part I of this two-part paper. This strategy employs an acceleration-limited approach to feedrate scheduling, including smooth deceleration and acceleration profiles along linear segments entering and leaving the rounded segments. A G-code part program parsing software package has been developed, that automatically identifies toolpath corners and inserts appropriately-sized PH quintic corner rounding segments, with associated feedrate suppression ratios. The method has been tested on a three-axis CNC mill with an open-architecture controller incorporating real-time interpolators that realize smoothly varying feedrates along the PH corner curves. Tests on a representative selection of toolpaths yield substantial savings (up to 40 %) in execution times, compared to the traditional “full stop” strategy for unmodified sharp corners.

Experimental study of different modes of block sliding along interface. Part 1. Laboratory experiments

This paper is the first part of an experimental work on studying the formation of different deformation modes of rock discontinuities under laboratory and field conditions. The formation conditions of different sliding modes were studied under laboratory conditions for several types of discontinuities, such as rigid surface contact and cracks filled with quartz sand, talc, and clay. A wide range of shear deformation modes were experimentally reproduced—from dynamic slip with a maximum velocity of tens of mm/s to stable sliding with a velocity of 1 µm/s. The behavior of a crack with a clay-containing gouge drastically changes after its wetting. The larger is the content of clay, the longer is the slip duration. The motion of a block consists of a long phase (~100 s) in which displacement velocity smoothly increases, and a retardation phase of almost the same duration in which displacement velocity decreases down to a few tens of µm/s. The used sensors detected no acoustic emission prior to the beginning of block sliding as well as on all stages of block motion until its full stop. It is shown that slow slip events have all stages typical for stick-slip motion: acceleration, long sliding, retardation, arrest, and quiescence. The conducted laboratory experiments substantiate the earlier statement that all types of deformation processes in the Earth’s crust produce a common range of phenomena.

Physio-Chemical and Biological Analysis of Radaur-Ladwa Stretch (Western Yamuna Canal)

This paper deals with the suitability of Surface and Ground water quality of Western Yamuna Canal in Haryana, India for irrigation and other use. The major water use of this canal is for irrigation purpose (94%), domestic water use (4%) and industrial and other uses (2%).The rapid increase inurbanization and industrialization is leading towards deterioration of water quality. In this study, analysis is performed to identify the groundwater and surface water quality in the vicinity of Radaur-Ladwa stretch. Direct disposal of domestic and industrial wasteobstructs the flow of Western Yamuna Canal thus water is stagnant at most places and self-purification mechanism of water is occurring no more. This study reveals that the surface water of the Western Yamuna Canal comes under E class of water, which is unfit for domestic use, propagation of wildlife and fisheries. However it is found suitable for irrigational and industrial cooling purpose only. Most Probable Number (MPN) values are high in the ground water, which indicates microbial contamination of water and require immediate action for up-grading existing treatment facilities.The result indicates alarming signs and suggests immediate response for policy along with adaptation and mitigation to bring at full stop to contaminating activities. If water contamination is continued likewisea time will come soon that the water qualityof Radaur-Ladwa stretch (Western Yamuna Canal) will be unfit for irrigational purpose too.

Straight flow in an elastoviscoplastic cylindrical layer with possible two-sided slip

The solution of the boundary value problem of the theory of large strains dealing with the viscoplastic flow of an elastoviscoplasticmaterial in the gap between two rigid coaxial cylindrical surfaces in the case of motion of the inner surface is obtained under the assumption that the material can slip on both surfaces. The reversible deformation, the development of a viscoplastic flow in the cases of uniformly accelerated and constant-velocity motions of the surface, the flow deceleration in the case of uniformly decelerated motion of the surface until full stop, and the unloading of the medium are considered.

The integral characteristics of the deceleration and entrainment of water droplets by the counter flow of high-temperature combustion products

This paper presents the results of experimental investigations on the deceleration and entrainment of water droplets during their motion in the counter flow of high-temperature combustion products (up to 1900K). High-speed video cameras (105 frames per second), specialized software applications (with continuous tracking functions), as well as panoramic optical methods (Particle Image Velocimetry, Stereoscopic Particle Image Velocimetry, Particle Tracking Velocimetry, Shadow Photography) registered the processes under study. We used several typical oils, gasoline, kerosene, acetone, and industrial alcohol to generate combustion products with a controlled high temperature. The initial sizes (radius) of droplets and their velocities were varied from 0.05mm to 0.35mm and from 0.5m/s to 5m/s. The velocities of counter motion of combustion products were varied from 0.1m/s to 2.5m/s. In this paper we have also determined the characteristic trajectory length of the droplets of different sizes until their complete stop (and subsequent entrainment) in the counter flow of high-temperature gases. As a result of studies, we summarized the research results through the establishment of Weber and Reynolds numbers ranges for droplets and gases, when the full stop and entrainment of droplets may occur. This paper also covers a comparison of the characteristics of water droplet deceleration under the conditions of non-stationary (when the temperature of combustion products varies from 1900K to 400K in channel) and nearly stationary (when the temperature is 1100±30K) heat transfer. Thus, it has been found out that the values of these parameters correlate well (deviation did not exceed 7%) under such conditions (stationary and nearly stationary) during short heating (less than 0.5s).

The Theory of Large Numbers

This paper attempts to fulfill three missions: (i) To make the law of large numbers a theory; (ii) To explain the business of casinos and insurance companies; (iii) To expel moral hazard. The law of large numbers, though well established in statistics, is widely ignored in economics. While economists have spent endless time and energy on consumer’s behavior on risk, they do not spend much on the seller part. Such sellers operate on the law of large numbers, full stop, they said. But then, why did some go bankrupted? This paper attempts to fill the gap of making the law of large numbers a theory. It will then apply this theory to explain the business of casinos and insurances, and to correct the misunderstanding around “moral hazard.”

Characterization of endoplasmic streaming in Physarum polycephalum using direction sensitive laser Doppler microscopy

Shuttle endoplasmic streaming in an isolated strand of Physarum polycephalum plasmodium under normal conditions and after treatment with cellular respiration inhibitors (KCN and SHAM) was investigated using sign-sensitive sensitive laser Doppler velocimetry. Spectral analysis (short-time Fourier transform) applied to the experimental velocity time dependencies V(t) of endoplasmic motility, reveals two distinct frequencies, ν1 and ν2, corresponding to two harmonic contributions in each V(t), meaning the presence of at list two internal oscillators. Treatment with the inhibitors causes full stop of the endoplasmic streaming with simultaneous suppression of both harmonic oscillators. After removal of the inhibitors system returns to its original state (as before treatment)—the activity of both peaks is gradually restored during 800 s. Despite the frequency values are different, the ratio, ν2/ν1, remains constant for all investigated cases and approximately is equal to two.

До питання про адміністративно-територіальну реформу

The necessity and urgency of administrative-territorial reform in Ukraine are underlined. The main factors which should be taken into account during the changing of administrative-territorial structure of the state are named. The most actual questions, related to conducting administrative-territorial reform, are named and shortly analyzed. From the point of view of the authors, some measures which could quickly improve financial state of now existing rural communities and their management before the full implementation in life of proposed by the power reforms are suggested. In the transition from administrative-command to market economy there was a significant reduction in production or full stop of existing enterprises in small settlements. This has resulted in a sharp decrease in revenues to the local budgets, total unemployment and a significant reduction in the population. In such circumstances, life itself dictates necessity of changes and the question of effective management of administrative and territorial units and preservation of their infrastructure becomes extremely important. The most important thing is to determine, what changes are needed and which improvements in the life of communities they are able to provide in the short term. On the one hand, the radical changes envisaged by the new legislation should be made or the regions should be eliminated, and after enlargement of districts, counties should be created together with eliminating regional and district administrations. On the other hand, existing rural communities should be enabled to control the resources which belong to them but, due to various reasons, are not controlled by them. In our opinion, reforming the administrative-territorial structure should take into account the natural, economic, historical, ethnic, cultural, social and other factors, which are currently affecting the socio-economic development of the existing communities and which will seriously influence the socio-economic life of the newly formed associations of citizens in the future. Works of many professionals in the fields of social and economic geography, public administration, regional economics, etc. are dedicated to the research of characteristics of administrative-territorial reform of our country. Processing of these publications has shown that many of the problems associated with reform are not investigated enough and this issue will be extremely important for the government, academics and citizens of Ukraine for a long time. The purpose of this research aims to highlight the specific characteristics and problems of administrative-territorial reform in Ukraine. The objective is connected with implementation of the following tasks: evaluation of socio-economic situation of the currently existing rural communities; identification and analysis of the most appropriate for the citizens and government conditions of communities’ formation; studying the opportunities for citizens to obtain material and financial resources. Reforms of administrative-territorial structure have already been conducted in many European countries. Our country is also facing this problem: being a part of the former USSR, its administrative-territorial structure has been repeatedly changing (some administrative-territorial units disappeared, the new ones appeared; boundaries of regions and districts changed as well as their number). Inefficiency of administration in Ukrainian regions is so obvious, that immediate and decisive actions are required. The question is how reformation will be conducted and how positive would it be from the point of view of state and regional management and social-economic life of communities. Of course, the country’s leadership insists on “voluntary” radical changes. To make these changes there are a necessary legislative framework, agreement on financing, the orders of the government and regional administrations, etc. But there is another way, for example, to eliminate regions, to enlarge districts, to create counties, to shorten the apparatus in rural councils and to keep only the heads of these councils. Those persons who apply for the position of the head of the council, should be at the same time registrated as a candidates for deputies of the county council. In the case of election, they would lead the community and represent them at the district level. In addition, all the resources which belong to now existing rural communities, but are not controlled by them because of different reasons, should be immediately transmitted to their disposal. It will create conditions for their financial independence. To sum up, a conclusion is obvious, that the main problem is not about the area and structure of administrative and territorial units, but about the effectiveness of management in communities and counties as well as about efficiency of their economic activities. There is every reason to believe, that even now, before the complete implementation of administrative-territorial reform, on condition of reduction of staff working in rural councils, empowering heads (village elders) with powers of district (county) deputies and transmission of real financial sources to the hands of the community, there are all possibilities to improve the financial condition of existing rural communities significantly.

FROM AVANGARD TO AVANGARD. ARCHAISM AS SPECIAL PROCEDURE

"Art Creators" in any of art areas tend to study the so￾called post-Internet era continuously. It reflects the authentic culture which spreads literally into all the spheres. Its essence shows that there is an attempt of experience the world around and environment by the means of images and sounds performed by any digital or analog way which "come to life" in the real space subsequently and, finally, become notable. The authors focus their attention on the questions of circulation of communication models, images and information networks. Quality determination of the Post-Internet era and the end where the most important attribute of art works suddenly become their artificialism. The analysis of the essence of the Post-Internet era of the beginning of the new century, the creation of fresh symbolical images by using the developed difficult design of a metonymy. Considering the linguistic understanding of a “metonymy” as a word, it is clear that the principle of contiguity is the cornerstone. The communication which forms a subject couple. It is also of the greatest interest, it also is the vanguard of the 21 centuries. The validity of "persistention" idea from the empirical point of view in this case is taken as an attempt of an explanation of progress illusion and is irrelevant. First of all circumstances and conditions becomes important, which allow a persistention to exist as an explanation, thus the special type of the observer as historical subject comes to light. As a result we have a representation possibility which depends on, first of all, certain restrictions, interruptions, as to repeat all of that, it is necessary to finish the process, to put the full stop, and to do that it is important to determine it. “Archaism reflected in the institutes and ideas. The archaism which represents attempt to return some former life forms forces to go back, through thresholds and falls, in hope to find that backwater that has absorbed their fathers in the time of troubles and the remained legends narrate about that with a bitterness" [1]. The secret of the end of the vanguard era and a key to definition of this point, a phenomenon and algorithm of a transition state of any temporary period in art is discovered.

Rancang Bangun Aplikasi E-Learning Berbasis Multiplatform untuk Mata Pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia dengan Menggunakan Pendekatan Technology Acceptance Model (TAM)

Indonesian Language Lessons for 2nd grader of Elementary School with Standard of Competency 4 is the subject to discuss writing of short story with the correct words, capital words usage and the usage of correct full stop marker in the upright continued writing letters. The multiplatform application design is to seek solutions to problem learning method less attractive. This applications are operated in three operating systems, Windows, Android, and Ubuntu. This research employes approach of Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) by involving teachers and 2nd graders from Medalem II Public Elementary School in Tuban and Bangah 1 Public Elementary School in Sidoarjo. The data in research were colleted using questionnaires. In addition to using questionnaires, tests were conducted by giving Pre-Test and Post-Test that was, aimed at determininge the differences between the values obtained from the students before and after using the application. Keywords — E-Learning, Indonesian Language Lessons, Technology Acceptance Model

Punctuation, Prosody, and Discourse: Afterthought Vs. Right Dislocation.

In a reading production experiment we investigate the impact of punctuation and discourse structure on the prosodic differentiation of right dislocation (RD) and afterthought (AT). Both discourse structure and punctuation are likely to affect the prosodic marking of these right-peripheral constructions, as certain prosodic markings are appropriate only in certain discourse structures, and punctuation is said to correlate with prosodic phrasing. With RD and AT clearly differing in discourse function (comment-topic structuring vs. disambiguation) and punctuation (comma vs. full stop), critical items in this study were manipulated with regard to the (mis-)match of these parameters. Since RD and AT are said to prosodically differ in pitch range, phrasing, and accentuation patterns, we measured the reduction of pitch range, boundary strength and prominence level. Results show an effect of both punctuation and discourse context (mediated by syntax) on phrasing and accentuation. Interestingly, for pitch range reduction no difference between RDs and ATs could be observed. Our results corroborate a language architecture model in which punctuation, prosody, syntax, and discourse-semantics are independent but interacting domains with correspondence constraints between them. Our findings suggest there are tight correspondence constraints between (i) punctuation (full stop and comma in particular) and syntax, (ii) prosody and syntax as well as (iii) prosody and discourse-semantics.

There's no full stop after playwork: co-creating space on an adventure playground

There's no full stop after playwork: co-creating space on an adventure playground

A Comparative Study of the Novel ‘A Tale of Two Cities’ and Its Persian Translation in Terms of Textual Cohesion: The Cases of Punctuation Marks, Sentencing and Paragraphing

The present study aimed at finding possible differences in using punctuation marks between the novel ‘A Tale of Two Cities’ and its Persian translation and investigating whether TT sentences and paragraphs are as long as ST sentences and paragraphs. First, chapter one of the novel and its translation were selected. Then, punctuation marks including comma, full stop, semicolon, colon, hyphen, dash, and parenthesis in every thousand words were counted and the mean was calculated for each punctuation mark. Next, the number of words in the first 20 sentences and the first 10 paragraphs of each story were counted and the mean of sentence and paragraph length were calculated. Finally, T-Test and Wilcoxon Test were run. The results showed that there were significant differences between using comma, colon, semicolon, hyphen and dash in the ST and the TT. Moreover, TT sentences and paragraphs were as long as those of the ST.