Full-spectrum Light Research Articles

Calcium vacancy enhanced self-reduction of Ce4+ for single-phase full-spectrum lighting and information encryption

Due to the wide and adjustable emission range, Ce3+ is an indispensable luminous center for full spectrum lighting. However, it needs to be sintered at high temperature in a reducing atmosphere, resulting in difficulty to coexisting with other multivalent activated ions (such as Eu3+, Tm3+), which greatly hinders the formation of full spectrum. In this study, a calcium vacancy enhanced self-reduction of Ce4+ is realized in CaNaSb2O6F (CNSOF) host under air atmosphere sintering, through which Ce3+, Tm3+ and Eu3+ coexisting in a single-phase full spectrum phosphor was prepared. Notably, the artificial introduction of a calcium vacancy was designed to verify this self-reduction mechanism. Moreover, the energy transfer kinetics among Tm3+, Ce3+ and Eu3+ were explored. Finally, combined with a 340 nm UV chip, a full spectrum phosphor-converted light-emitting diode (pc-LED) was fabricated, showing a broad emission range from 400 to 750 nm, Commission Internationale de I’Eclairage (CIE) of (0.3485, 0.3673), Ra of 92 and correlated color temperature (CCT) of 4933 K. Utilizing the variation in emission colors of this phosphor under different UV wavelengths, a dual encryption method combining point character code and fluorescent encryption technique is proposed. This work provides an effective path for Ce4+ self-reduction to apply in full spectrum pc-LED and information encryption.

Enhancing strawberry resilience to saline, alkaline, and combined stresses with light spectra: impacts on growth, enzymatic activity, nutrient uptake, and osmotic regulation

BackgroundThis study examines the effects of various complementary light spectra on the growth, development, antioxidant activity, and nutrient absorption in strawberry plants under stress conditions. Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) were used to provide specific wavelengths, including monochromatic blue (460 nm), monochromatic red (660 nm), a dichromatic mix of blue and red (1:3 ratio), full-spectrum white light (400–700 nm), and ambient light as a control (no LED treatment). The stress treatments applied were: control (no stress), salinity (80 mM NaCl), alkalinity (40 mM NaHCO₃), and a combined salinity/alkalinity condition.ResultsOur results indicated that complementary light spectra, especially red and blue/red, helped mitigate the adverse effects of stress on plant growth and development. These spectra improved plant tolerance by enhancing the activity of polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase enzymes and increasing starch accumulation in the leaves. Furthermore, under stress conditions, red and blue-red light significantly boosted fruit anthocyanin levels. Although stress elevated antioxidant activity, supplementary light reduced this activity by alleviating stress compared to ambient light. While stress led to increased Na and Cl ion concentrations in leaves, treatments with blue, red, and blue-red light minimized these harmful effects and promoted the absorption of beneficial ions such as K, Mg, Fe, and Cu.ConclusionsAdjusting light quality significantly influences the morphology and physiology of strawberry plants, underscoring the role of specific light spectra in promoting optimal growth under stress conditions.Clinical trial numberNot applicable

Designing 1-nm-Thick MOF Nanosheets with Donor-Acceptor Complexes for Photosynthesis of H2O2 Using Water and Dioxygen Only.

Artificial photosynthesis of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) presents a promising environmentally friendly alternative to the industrial anthraquinone process. This work designed ultrathin metal-organic framework (MOF) nanosheets on which porphyrin ligand as an electron donor (D) and anthraquinone (AQ) as an electron acceptor (A) are integrated as the D-A complexes. The porphyrin component allows the MOF nanosheets to absorb full-spectrum solar light while the acceptor AQ motif promotes central aluminum ion coordination, hindering layer stacking to achieve a thickness of 1.0 nm. The ultrathin D-A design facilitates the separation of electrons from the MOF skeleton to the AQ motif, which induces the direct two-electron oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) mediated by the reversible redox couple of AQ-AQH2 and multielectron water oxidation reaction (WOR) driven by holes remaining on the porphyrin part. In O2-saturated water, the ultrathin MOF nanosheets outperformed the AQ-free bulk and multilayered counterparts by 2.9 and 2.6 times in H2O2 production, respectively, achieving the apparent quantum yield of 4.8% at 420 nm. It also surpasses other benchmark photocatalysts, including the typical MOF photocatalyst, MIL-125-NH2, and organic polymeric photocatalysts. The ultrathin D-A MOF photocatalyst generated H2O2 via both two-electron ORR as a major path and two-electron WOR as a minor path. This approach presents a promising strategy for the rational design of efficient nanostructured photocatalysts for solar fuels and chemicals.

Efficiency and mechanistic insights of photocatalytic degradation and sterilization utilizing g-C3N4/WO3-x Z-scheme heterojunction under full-spectrum light

Designing highly efficient full-spectrum responsive Z-scheme heterojunction for wastewater decontamination and disinfection is urgently essential. Herein, a novel Z-scheme g-C3N4/WO3-x heterojunction was successfully synthesized by a facile wet impregnation method for the highly efficient photocatalytic degradation and sterilization. Benefiting from the accelerated charge separation, broadened light absorption to near infrared region, and appropriate band energy, optimized g-C3N4/WO3-x heterojunction exhibited photocatalytic degradation of 86.3 % and 97.4 % tetracycline in 2 h under visible light and full-spectrum light, respectively. Meanwhile, 6.5-log of Escherichia coli strains could also be inactivated by optimized g-C3N4/WO3-x heterojunction within 45 min and 15 min under visible light and full-spectrum light, respectively. Impressively, it also exhibited desirable anti-interference ability and satisfying photocatalytic degradation capacity with various key experimental parameters. The plausible degradation pathways of TC and the main active species involved in the photocatalysis were investigated based on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer (LC-MS) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) analysis. Mineralization process of TC was further confirmed by three-dimensional fluorescence spectra (3D EMMs). Besides, Toxicity Estimation Software Tool (T.E.S.T.) and Ecological Structure-Activity Relationships (ECOSAR) program were applied to predict the noxiousness of TC and its potential intermediates. The results suggested that the excitotoxicity of intermediates generally decreased relative to the pristine TC. Finally, we propose a plausible enhancement mechanism of photocatalytic degradation and sterilization. This work sheds a new light on the design of novel full-spectrum responsive Z-scheme heterojunction for environmental remediation.

Efficient photocatalytic degradation of microplastics by constructing a novel Z-scheme Fe-doped BiO2−x/BiOI heterojunction with full-spectrum response: Mechanistic insights and theory calculations

Recently, microplastics (MPs) have garnered significant attention as a challenging emerging pollutant to address. Here, a full-spectrum light-driven Fe-doping BiO2−x/BiOI (FBI) Z-scheme heterojunction was constructed for efficiently degrading MPs in waters. Compared with BiO2−x, Fe doping BiO2−x, and BiOI, the optimal photocatalyst (40-FBI) can cause deep cracks in the polyethylene terephthalate (PET) within 10 h under the irradiation of full-spectrum light. Meanwhile, FT-IR characterization revealed that the absorption peak intensities of the C-O group, CO group, -CH stretching vibration, and -OH group on the MPs surface gradually increased with degradation time. A series of experiments and theory calculations revealed that the introduction of Fe creates impurity levels, accelerating the separation of photo-generated carriers and reducing the work function of BiO2−x, thereby enhancing the transport of photo-generated carriers between Z-scheme heterojunctions. This study offers a valuable idea for designing an efficient photocatalyst by simultaneously introducing ion doping and constructing heterojunctions for enhancing MPs degradation.

Full-spectral response of mesoporous Z-scheme nanoheterojunction NaYF4:Yb,Tm@ZnO/BiOI photocatalysts for simultaneous contaminant and pathogen elimination in wastewater

The increasing contamination of water bodies demands effective and economical solutions for wastewater treatment. This study introduces a novel Z-scheme photocatalyst, NaYF4:Yb,Tm@ZnO/BiOI (UZB), synthesized via a simple chemical route. UZB exhibits exceptional photocatalytic degradation efficiencies of 95.1%, 88.7%, and 56.3% for methyl orange under full spectrum, visible, and near-infrared light, respectively. The integration of heterostructures within UZB promotes efficient charge carrier separation, significantly boosting its photocatalytic activity. When applied to actual wastewater, UZB markedly reduces chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total organic carbon (TOC) by 94.1% and 53.2%, respectively, and also effectively decreases turbidity and ammonia concentrations. Additionally, UZB shows strong antibacterial effects against S. aureus and E. coli, with inhibition rates of 93.9% and 92.0%, though some cytotoxicity is noted. These results underscore UZB's potential as a highly efficient photocatalyst for the simultaneous removal of organic pollutants and pathogens from wastewater, supporting its application in industrial water treatment systems.

All-electrochemical-prepared, efficient and robust superhydrophilic/underwater superoleophobic meshes for synchronously achieving oil-water separation and water-soluble pollutant photodegradation

Superhydrophilic/underwater superoleophobic “water-removing” type membranes can overcome the issue of surface themselves easily fouled or even blocked by oils that seriously affects the oil-water separation capacity and limits the recycle use, and thus attract a great deal of research attention. In this work, we employed the electrochemical deposition method to fabricate Cu3(PO4)2 nanosheets (NSs) vertically grown on a copper mesh (COM) to achieve efficient oil-water separation, followed by the deposition of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles and graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) nanosheets on the surface of Cu3(PO4)2 nanosheets-wrapped mesh (Cu3(PO4)2@COM), respectively. The composited meshes of TiO2@Cu3(PO4)2@COM and g-C3N4@Cu3(PO4)2@COM not only showed the considerable superhydrophilic/underwater superoleophobic property in the application of oil-water separation, but also simultaneously exhibited the desirable photocatalytic activity for the degradation of water-soluble pollutants as the water passed through the meshes. The oil-water separation efficiency of TiO2@Cu3(PO4)2@COM and g-C3N4@Cu3(PO4)2@COM can reach as high as 97 % and 96 % that both of meshes have the water flux of various water-oil mixtures above 3250 L/m2h, along with their degradation efficiency of 79 % and 90 % for RhB pollutant under full spectrum light irradiation, respectively. In addition, the as-prepared meshes have the robust, sustainable and stable properties through ten-cycles test of oil-water separation and photocatalytic degradation without significant performance decay. Our primary results provide a potential and simple route to construct multifunctional membrane materials for synchronously achieving water purification in oily wastewater.

Suppressed concentration quenching and tunable photoluminescence in Eu2+-activated Rb3Y(PO4)2 phosphors for full-spectrum lighting

Highly efficient inorganic phosphors are desirable for lighting-emitting diode light sources, and increasing the doping concentration of activators is a common approach for enhancing the photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY). However, the constraint of concentration quenching poses a great challenge for improving the PLQY. Herein, we propose a fundamental design principle by separating activators and prolonging their distance in Eu2+-activated Rb3Y(PO4)2 phosphors to inhibit concentration quenching, in which different quenching rates are controlled by the Eu distribution at various crystallographic sites. The blue-violet-emitting Rb3Y(PO4)2:xEu (x = 0.1%–15%) phosphors, with the occupation of Rb1, Rb2 and Y sites by Eu2+, exhibit rapid luminescence quenching with optimum external PLQY of 10% due to multi-channel energy migration. Interestingly, as the Eu concentration increases above 20%, Eu2+ prefer to occupy the Rb1 and Y sites with separated polyhedra and large interionic distances, resulting in green emission with suppressed concentration quenching, achieving an improved external PLQY of 41%. Our study provides a unique design perspective for elevating the efficiency of Eu2+-activated phosphors toward high-performance inorganic luminescent materials for full-spectrum lighting.

Designing a high-efficiency broadband cyan phosphor for low-blue full-spectrum LED lighting

Efficient cyan-emitting phosphor plays an important role in the development of solid-state lighting, which is indispensable to filling the cyan gap for full-spectrum warm-white light-emitting diodes (WLEDs) with high color rendering index (CRI). Herein, a novel highly efficient broadband cyan phosphor Ce3+-doped Ca3HfAl2Si2O12 (CHASO: Ce3+) garnet compound was developed by the substitution of Lu3+-Al3+ with Ca2+-Hf4+/Si4+ in Lu3Al5O12. The crystal structure and photoluminescence (PL) properties of CHASO: Ce3+ were investigated in detail. Notably, CHASO: Ce3+ phosphor can be effectively excited by violet light (390 – 430 nm) and exhibited bright cyan emissions around 490 nm with high PL internal quantum yields of 89.2 %. Moreover, the integrated PL intensity of the phosphor at 423 K was 66.3 % of that at room temperature. Finally, by incorporating CHASO: 11 %Ce3+ with commercial blue/yellow/red phosphor onto a violet LED chip (400 nm), the prototype full-spectrum WLEDs device exhibits warm white light with high color rendering index (CRI, Ra and R9 > 90) and low correlated color temperature 3301 K. These results suggest the highly efficient phosphor CHASO: Ce3+ is promising for low-blue full-spectrum healthy lighting.

Local structure engineering of Ba1-xKxLa2Y2(SiO4)2O1-α: Eu2+ green phosphors for violet-light-excitable full-spectrum lighting

To achieve comfortable and healthy full-spectrum lighting, the development of efficient and stable violet-light-excitable phosphors is urgently required. Herein, we report a new type of green-emitting phosphor, Ba1-xKxLa2Y2(SiO4)2O1-α: Eu2+ (x=0–1). Interestingly, K+-alloying leads to continuous redshift of green emission from 500 nm to 517 nm accompanied with reduced full width at half maximum (FWHM) from 72 nm to 63 nm and enhanced excitation intensity in the violet spectral region. Rietveld refinements and spectral analysis evidence that K+-addition enhances the distortion of [M(Ⅰ)O9] and [M(Ⅱ)O7] (M(Ⅰ/Ⅱ) = Ba, La, Y, K) polyhedron and strengthens crystal field around Eu2+, which is responsible for the observed photoluminescence (PL) phenomenon. Finally, we design a full-spectrum white light emitting diode (WLED) with an ultra-high color rendering index (CRI, Ra) of 97.4 by coupling the as-prepared green-emitting phosphor (Ba0.7K0.3La2Y2(SiO4)2O1-α: Eu2+) and commercial blue/red phosphors with a violet LED chip, which demonstrates significant potential for application in healthy solid-state lighting.

Fabricating FeS2/Mn0.3Cd0.7S S-scheme heterojunction for enhanced photothermal-assisted photocatalytic H2 evolution under full-spectrum light

To effectively harness solar energy, the rational construction and development of full-spectrum photocatalysts has become an appealing challenge. In this study, a novel full-spectrum responsive FeS2/Mn0.3Cd0.7S (FS/MCS) S-scheme photocatalyst was obtained by attaching FeS2 nanoparticles with excellent photothermal properties on Mn0.3Cd0.7S nanorods. The photocatalytic hydrogen production rate of the optimal FS/MCS composite was 52.017 mmol·g−1·h−1 under full-spectrum irradiation, which was 3.88 times that of pure MCS. Based on the experimental results and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, the enhanced photoactivity of FS/MCS was attributed to the synergetic effects of photothermal and S-scheme heterojunction. The photothermal effect of FeS2 could convert the near infrared light to heat, which elevated the local temperature of photocatalyst particles, thereby promoting the photocatalytic reaction. Meanwhile, the S-scheme heterojunction between FeS2 and Mn0.3Cd0.7S accelerated the charge transfer and suppressed the recombination of electron-hole pairs, thereby enabling efficient charge separation while maintaining high redox potentials. This work offers a novel perspective on constructing a full-spectrum-driven photothermal-assisted photocatalytic H2 evolution system though the dual effects of photothermal and heterojunction.

Flexible roles of TiO2 in enhancing carrier separation for the high photocatalytic performance of water treatment under different spectrum sunlight

Construction of heterogeneous-photocatalysts is an effective mean for enhancing charge separation, however, the specific roles of the individual components have not been thoroughly explored. In this article, a heterogeneous-photocatalyst, TiO2/MoO3-x, was constructed, revealing that the two components, TiO2 and MoO3-x, play varying roles under different light spectra. Under full spectrum light, an S-scheme mechanism was achieved, which preserved the high oxidizing and reducing property of MoO3-x and TiO2, facilitating an augmented generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Under visible light, the MoO3-x functioned as the donor of hot electrons and the TiO2 served as the receptor platform for these electrons. The presence of the interfacial electric field enabled the transfer of hot electrons, leading to an enhanced ROS generation. Consequently, the TiO2/MoO3-x achieved high photocatalytic activity under both full spectrum and visible light. The optimized TiO2/MoO3-x catalyst demonstrated outstanding antibacterial efficacy, achieving eradication rates of 98.1 % for Staphylococcus aureus, and 99.6 % for Escherichia coli respectively. Additionally, it exhibited substantial degradation activity with a rate of 0.028 min−1 for Rhodamine B (50 mg/L). Furthermore, the TiO2/MoO3-x membrane removed approximately 81.2 % of bacteria from surface water, underscoring the potential of the designed membrane in water purification systems. This article explored the distinct roles and corresponding charge transfer mechanisms of the TiO2 and MoO3-x under full spectrum or visible light, offering innovative ideas for the design of full-spectrum photocatalysts with high efficiency. The straightforward design of membrane-based filtering device demonstrated wide applications for treating wastewater for the removal of dye and bacterial contamination.

Ca9-yMgyNaGd0.667(PO4)7:Eu2+: A Single Eu2+-Doped Full-Spectrum White Light Emission Phosphor with High Color Rendering Index.

The multi-cationic site occupation control of rare earth doped phosphor materials is one of the key factors in achieving single-phase full-spectrum emission. In this work, the site distribution of Eu2+ in Ca9NaGd0.667(PO4)7 (CNGP):x%Eu2+ phosphors with multi-cationic sites was determined. Under 385 nm excitation, CNGP:x%Eu2+ samples exhibited a cyan emission composed of three sub-Gaussian components. The CNGP:1.5%Eu2+ phosphor was structurally modified through the partial substitution of Mg2+ for Ca2+ according to the crystallographic site engineering theory, and corresponding luminescent properties had been adjusted. When the concentration of Mg2+ changed, the Ca9-yMgyNaGd0.667(PO4)7:1.5%Eu2+ (CNGPE:yMg2+) phosphors exhibited a tunable emission from cyan to orange and achieved white light emission at y = 0.6. Based on the change of the crystal field environment, the mechanism of Mg2+ substitution affecting the luminescence characteristics of CNGP:x%Eu2+ phosphors was researched in detail. The light-emitting diode device consisted of a CNGPE:0.6Mg2+ phosphor and a 385 nm chip and had a high color rendering index (CRI = 91.9), low correlated color temperature (CCT = 4852 K), and excellent color stability. The optical performance of this device makes it promising to be used in full spectrum lighting.

Bi3+ activated Li6Y(BO3)3 phosphors for full-spectrum lighting

The blue-violet emitting phosphors is a critical aspect of achieving a high-quality full-spectrum white light-emitting diodes (WLEDs). Here, the photoluminescence characteristics of blue-violet emitting phosphors Li6Y(BO3)3:Bi3+ and its application performances were systematically studied. The emission of the phosphors exhibits a high dependence on the excitation wavelength. Upon excitation at 372 nm, the phosphors emit blue light peaking at 407 nm. The excitation of 340 nm results in the occurrence of two peaks at 407 and 506 nm in emission spectra. A full-spectrum WLED prepared by coating a 365 nm n-UV LED and the mixture comprising the phosphors and three commercial phosphors. The WLED exhibits high color rendering index (Ra = 95) and low correlated color temperature (3555 K). Consequently, Li6Y(BO3)3:Bi3+ is a potential phosphor that can be used for full spectrum WLEDs.

Photophoretic MoS2-Fe2O3 Piranha Micromotors for Collective Dynamic Microplastics Removal.

Microplastics are highly persistent emerging pollutants that are widely distributed in the environment. We report the use of MoS2@Fe2O3 core-shell micromotors prepared by a hydrothermal approach to explore the degradation of plastic microparticles. Polystyrene was chosen as the model plastic due to its wide distribution and resistance to degradation using current approaches. Micromotors show photophoretic-based motion at speeds of up to 6 mm s-1 and schooling behavior under full solar light spectra irradiation without the need for fuel or surfactants. During this impressive collective behavior, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated because of the semiconducting nature of the MoS2. Degradation of polystyrene beads is observed after 4 h irradiation because of the synergistic effect of ROS production and localized heat generation. The MoS2@Fe2O3 micromotors possess magnetic properties, which allow further cleaning and removal to be carried out after irradiation through magnetic pulling. The new micromotors hold considerable promise for full-scale treatment applications, only limited by our imagination.

CRY1 is involved in the take-off behaviour of migratory Cnaphalocrocis medinalis individuals

BackgroundNumerous insect species undertake long-distance migrations on an enormous scale, with great implications for ecosystems. Given that take-off is the point where it all starts, whether and how the external light and internal circadian rhythm are involved in regulating the take-off behaviour remains largely unknown. Herein, we explore this issue in a migratory pest, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis, via behavioural observations and RNAi experiments.ResultsThe results showed that C. medinalis moths took off under conditions where the light intensity gradually weakened to 0.1 lx during the afternoon or evening, and the take-off proportions under full spectrum or blue light were significantly higher than that under red and green light. The ultraviolet-A/blue light–sensitive type 1 cryptochrome gene (Cmedcry1) was significantly higher in take-off moths than that of non-take-off moths. In contrast, the expression of the light-insensitive CRY2 (Cmedcry2) and circadian genes (Cmedtim and Cmedper) showed no significant differences. After silencing Cmedcry1, the take-off proportion significantly decreased. Thus, Cmedcry1 is involved in the decrease in light intensity induced take-off behaviour in C. medinalis.ConclusionsThis study can help further explain the molecular mechanisms behind insect migration, especially light perception and signal transmission during take-off phases.

Photoluminescence Tuning of Stable CaYGaO4: Bi/Eu via Compositional Modulation and Crystallographic Site Engineering for nUV wLEDs.

The olivine-based gallate CaYGaO4 (CYG) with unique cationic ordering, rich lattice sites, and self-photoluminescence (PL) is suitable for application as a host of phosphor. However, research in this area is still in its early stages, especially in high-quality full-spectrum white lighting. Herein, novel CYG: Bi3+/Eu3+ with a controllable PL property is designed based on energy transfer and superposition of emissions from blue self-PL, blue PL of Bi3+, and red-PL of Eu3+. Intriguingly, PL intensity and quantum efficiency could be enhanced via codoping Li+/Zn2+ separately/simultaneously because of their two intentional functions as both charge balancer and flux. Unlike self- and Eu3+ PL, Bi3+ PL is quite sensitive to the lattice environment owing to its exposed 6s2 electronic configuration and is tuned via codoping Sr2+ to regulate the nephelauxetic effect and crystal field splitting concurrently around Bi3+. Meanwhile, for further regulating the PL of Bi3+ and obtaining "warm" white light, La3+ is codoped into the phosphor via crystallographic site engineering to control the substitution trends of Bi3+ at distinct lattice sites. Finally, as a proof-of-concept, a full-spectrum phosphor-converted white-light-emitting diode device under nUV pumping with remarkable color rendering index (Ra), high luminous efficiency, and chemical/thermal stability is achieved by utilizing the individual CYG:Bi/Eu/Li/Zn/Sr/La phosphor via a remote "capping" packaging method.

Rice husk-derived photothermal materials for membrane distillation

This study aimed to develop innovative photothermal materials derived from agricultural by-products (rice husk), with a primary focus on assessing the potential of both rice husk ash (RHA) and rice husk char (RHC) powders as effective photothermal for localised heating. A comparative analysis of their feasibility for membrane integration and photothermal performance was conducted through comprehensive physical, chemical, and optical characterisations. The RHC powder demonstrated superior qualities for utilisation in comparison with RHA. This superiority is attributed to several key factors: a notably high production yield (40.3 %), a smaller particle size of z-average (0.65 μm), a significantly larger effective BET surface area (301.78 m2 g−1), smaller pore size (2.78 nm) and an elevated total pore volume (0.21 cm³.g−1). Dominated by a significant carbon content of 38.5 %, RHC powder showcased minimal light reflection (<5 %) and excellent light absorption across the entire spectrum, while RHA exhibited reflectance of more than 40 %, with light absorption occurring solely in the UV region. Moreover, RHC powder displaced superior light-to-thermal conversion, evident in a 20.9 °C temperature rise (83.6 %) from a 90-min exposure to a 0.4 kW m−2 full spectrum light source. The findings of this study firmly established RHC powder as the preferred alternative option for sustainable photothermal materials, given its physical properties compatible with membrane integration and exceptional photothermal conversion ability.

Nonradiative Energy Transfer Enables a hv < Eg Response of Perovskite Quantum Dots in Si-Based Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Solar Cells.

High performance is a crucial factor in seeking a more competitive levelized cost of electricity for the extensive popularization of c-Si solar cells. Here, CsPbBr3 quantum dots (QDs) have been first applied as the light-converting layer to enhance the full-spectrum light response, resulting in an ∼71% enhancement of power conversion efficiency within silicon-based solar cells. Remarkably, even if the photon energy is smaller than the bandgap of CsPbBr3 QDs, the long-wavelength external quantum efficiency shows a significant increase. Such surprising results can be attributed to the nonradiative energy transfer (NRET) mechanism of CsPbBr3 QDs, which can transfer long-wavelength-generated dipoles into the Si base with the assistance of a Coulomb force. Furthermore, a dipole-transferring model, which considers that the Al2O3 passivation layer would play a negative role in the NRET process, is creatively but supportively proposed. These results highlight a simple, low-cost but promising strategy to improve the performance of c-Si solar cells.

Effect of ultraviolet on the environmental adaptability of Megalurothrips usitatus (Thysanoptera: Thripidae).

Megalurothrips usitatus Bagnall, an important pest of bean plants, is primarily managed with synthetic insecticides. M. usitatus has developed considerable resistance to various insecticides in multiple cowpea-growing areas in Hainan Province, China, posing challenges to its control in the field. Light control technology is a potentially effective physical control method for M. usitatus. The vision of thrips is highly sensitive to UV light, whereas other biological characteristics remain unknown. Therefore, this study evaluated the effects of ultraviolet light on the biological characteristics of M. usitatus. Results showed that the egg, larval, and pupal stages of M. usitatus were significantly shortened, and the emergence rate (79.59%) and adult survival rate (77.95%) were reduced under a devoid of UV light environment (UV-), compared with the full-spectrum light (control treatment group, CK) (p < 0.05). However, the single spawning quantity and total amount of spawning were significantly higher, and the sex ratio (57%) was the highest under UV- (p < 0.05). Single UV light (UV+) only affected the pupation rate. Also, the antioxidant enzymes, polyphenol oxidase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and peroxidase activities were significantly and negatively correlated with the progression of generations under UV-, whereas catalase and SOD activities were significantly and positively correlated with the progression of generations under UV+. The UV- light conditions significantly interfered with the behavior selection of M. usitatus. The results of this study showed that the adaptability of M. usitatus populations would be greatly reduced in the absence of ultraviolet light, providing a theoretical basis for the control of M. usitatus populations.