Full Rights Research Articles

Improving Drug Therapy for Pediatric Patients: Unfinished History of Pediatric Drug Development.

Improving Drug Therapy for Pediatric Patients: Unfinished History of Pediatric Drug Development.

Islamic Perspective About Women's Reproductive Health Rights

The issue regarding the reproductive system is an important topic within gender discussion. Discrimination against women often results in violence, which one of the forms is the violence of the female reproductive system. Most Indonesian women have not earned the full rights of their reproductive health. It is not yet recognized by most Indonesian women that the rights of the reproductive system are autonomic which indicates that each individual must own the right completely.The issue regarding the fulfillment of the female reproductive system is usually described in fiqh doctrine which tends to be gender biased. If we are able to analyze the issue deeper, the Al Qur'an's doctrine gives a proper analysis regarding the health of the reproductive system. Within surah An Nisa', Allah highlighted that men and women are given an equal responsibility to grow humanity. It is clearly stated within the holy Al Qur'an that woman's rights must be held responsible, respected, and protected. As an example, the holy Al Qur'an forbidding to conduct sexual intercourse with women during their period. Another example is that holy Al Qur'an explained that pregnant and breastfeeding women are in their vital stage, and they must be protected.As there are different doctrines between the fiqh and al-Qur'an regarding the issue of the female reproductive system, it is clear that the gender position of women within fiqh becomes an essential topic to discuss. We need to dig deeper as well as to develop a new understanding of fiqh, which is fiqh's gender responsiveness, as we believe that fiqh discussion must develop from time to time, following the modern human rights discourse.

Przełamywanie milczenia. Przemiany sposobów prezentacji problematyki LGBT+ we współczesnej prozie słowackiej

Breaking the Silence. Changes in the Ways of Presenting LGBT+ Issues in Contemporary Slovak Prose In Slovakia after the Velvet Revolution of 1989 groups previously marginalized and discriminated against in the communism era, including the LGBT+ community, began activities aimed at obtaining full civil rights and developing forms of cultural representation. Gradually, the issues of non-heteronormativity began to appear in various areas of culture. As regards prose texts, which are the basis for the reflections presented in this paper, non-heteronormativity was initially portrayed in a stigmatizing, stereotype-based manner. Since the beginning of the 21st century, the dominant approach has been to expose the problem of LGBT+ people living in the closet, hiding their identity due to the homophobia in the society; the sphere of intimacy is considered as the only one that allows a sense of security and the free expression of affection and desire. In more recent works, examples of characters who have come out of the closet and have no problems with functioning openly in the family and social contexts begin to appear. The specificity of Slovak fiction featuring the themes of non-heteronormativity lies mainly in the lack of works of a clearly emancipatory nature, the domination of stories focused on intimate relations between women, and only occasionally introducing gay or transgender themes.

Religion and law: a vector of interrelationship in modern conditions

The article analyzes the specifics of the relationship between religion and law in modern conditions. The nature of the influence of globalization/glocalization transformations on the phenomena of religion and law is revealed, and the current vector of their interrelationship, the guarantee and provision of the realization of religious rights and freedoms, is established. The peculiarities of the relationship between the norms of international, European and national law and their role in ensuring and protecting religious rights and freedoms are clarified. It has been established that the recognition of democracy as a key form of organization of modern societies contributes to the implementation of effective legal tools for guarantees, ensuring the implementation and protection of religious rights and freedoms, and restoring the value of the religious-legal connection. In this context, problematic issues were considered: defining the limits of religious rights and freedoms; resolution of religious rights conflicts; restoring the value of religious rights and freedoms; correlations of individual and collective religious rights and freedoms; guarantees and provision of religious rights and freedoms of minorities; correlations of national and international law of religious rights and freedoms; restoring the value of religious rights and freedoms.
 Organizational, normative, procedural and other obstacles that prevent the solution of these problems in Ukraine are identified: a) external (full-scale war with the Russian Federation); b) internal (insufficient institutional capacity of executive authorities; low level of effectiveness of judicial branch reform; high level of corruption; politicization of the legal space and the preference of political expediency and populist slogans over the rule of law and the rule of law; conflicts of legislation, etc. It has been established that overcoming these obstacles and solving the outlined problematic issues at different levels of the legal field (international, European, nationwide (Ukrainian)) will determine the establishment of inter-church dialogue and dialogue between the state and the church, which would be based on the principles of tolerance, mutual respect, understanding, observance of freedom of conscience and the right to choose, which will contribute to the democratic progress of Ukraine and its entry into the European family of nations with equal and full rights.

Mitigating effects of sea-level rise on maritime features through the international law-making process in the Law of the Sea

Sea-level rise is not only causing physical damage to maritime features but also posing challenges to the law of the sea. The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea lends legal significance to the relative position of the land and the sea. However, the ecological situation of maritime features and rising sea levels are changing these factors and placing the legal status of these features at risk of reclassification. This implies that islands with full rights may lose their exclusive economic zones, continental shelves, and even territorial seas due to sea-level rise. In addition to the physical enhancement of maritime features, legal solutions, as a more sustainable and affordable approach, are expected to contribute to mitigating adverse impacts of sea-level rise. However, most discussions are limited to the issue of baselines and maritime boundaries, while the legal status of maritime features has not received sufficient attention. In this paper, we examine in detail the limitations of existing laws, particularly the Convention, and present substantive and procedural options for the establishment of new rules to mitigate the effects of sea-level rise. The legal impacts of sea-level rise on maritime features can be categorized into three different aspects: dynamics of the relative position of land and sea, ecological degradation, and human interventions. It was found that the current international rules are insufficiently flexible in addressing the challenges posed by sea-level rise; thus, international law-making is therefore considered necessary. As far as the proposed rule is concerned, either legally “sustaining” the status of maritime features or allowing reclassification elicits complex issues, particularly considering the close connection between land and maritime zones under the law of the sea. Moreover, attempts to achieve new rules by applying any procedural option for international law-making in isolation may be impractical. In light of this, we explore a viable approach to the progressive development of relevant legal regimes, following the international community’s optimal consensus and shared interests.

Reforming the legislation on national minorities of Ukraine in the context of europezation of the legal system of Ukraine (theoretical and legal aspect)

The article reveals the peculiarities of the optimization of national legislation, which regulates the legal status of national minorities in Ukraine. In the aspect of intensifying the processes of European integration of Ukraine, as a candidate state for joining the European Union, the low rates of improvement of the legislation on national minorities are analyzed, attention is focused on many of its imperfections, the presence of which does not correspond to the best European practices. In particular, based on the conclusions of the experts of the Venice Commission, attention is focused on the fact that the norms of the current law of Ukraine on national minorities do not provide conditions for the full implementation of linguistic identity by national minorities, since the regulation of this is not clear (norms on the protection of the linguistic identity of national minorities are contained in other legislative texts and are indirectly aimed at normalizing issues of language use only in certain fields - education, judiciary, mass media, etc.).
 A classification of the directions of Europeanization of the legislative framework on issues of ensuring the full rights of national minorities is proposed: requirements of a formal and legal nature and requirements of an institutional nature are distinguished. The requirements of a formal and legal nature are reduced to the improvement of the mechanism of protection against discrimination of national minorities in the process of realizing the right to use the native language. The requirements of an institutional nature provide for the establishment of a separate authority in Ukraine, which will specialize in ensuring the implementation of legislation in the field of national minorities.
 It was concluded that updating the national legislation of Ukraine on national minorities is currently an important step of our country on the long and difficult path of European integration. Accordingly, the long-term task of legal science is to develop scientifically based proposals for the development of a new law on national minorities, which in the near future will provide the maximum conditions for the full implementation of each representative of national minorities of their rights and interests.

Legality Of Land And Building Objects In The Tomb Of Ki Ageng Gribig, Malang City

The Ki Ageng Gribig Tomb area is planned to be developed as a santri village that presents a village model that carries a religious theme. People come to travel or to trade around the area. Merchants who will sell around the tomb area of Ki Ageng Gribig will live on land. If it lasts for a long time, the merchant will use a vacant lot to sell and will harm the original owner. So it is necessary to have awareness of the indigenous people living in the area around the ki Ageng Gribig tomb area to have proof of land ownership rights. The purpose of the study was to find out and analyze related to evidence of land ownership owned by the community living around the Tomb of Ki Ageng Gribg. Another purpose is to describe the urgency of ownership of the legality of land or buildings for people living around the Ki Ageng Gribig Tomb area. This research uses empirical juridical research methods with a sociological juridical approach. The result of this study is that before the birth of uupa, residents who lived around the Tomb area of Ki Ageng Gribig already had proof of rights in the form of eigendom rights and had been converted into property rights. The ownership of evidence of land ownership is very important because residents will get their full rights if one day the development of the Ki Ageng Grbig Tomb Area takes place. The certificate of land rights will be strong evidence for those who hold it, so that when the development of the Ki Ageng Gribig tomb area becomes a religious tourism village, the surrounding community will get reimbursement by the provisions of the Land Acquisition.

Overview of the contents covered in Libras (brazilian sign language) courses in science teacher preparation programs: analysis of the syllabi in undergraduate teacher certification programs in the biological sciences and chemistry

The integration of the Deaf person into society has been marked by several historical and philosophical conflicts on the road to full rights of citizenship. In Brazil, there have been several legislative milestones in that regard, including Law n° 10.436/2002 (BRASIL, 2002), which recognizes the Brazilian Sign Language (Libras) as the official language of the Deaf people, and Decree No. 5,626/2005 (BRASIL, 2005), which regulates Libras as a first language (L1) and written Portuguese as a second language (L2). Of particular relevance for the present paper, the latter decree codified the inclusion of Libras (Brazilian sign language) as a core course in key teacher certification programs, including Speech Therapy and Education. This inclusion of Libras is, in fact, a remarkable achievement regarding the education of the Deaf in Brazil since proper teacher training may be conducive to better inclusion of deaf students (ANDRADE, 2013). Using a documentary analysis of syllabi, we thus set out to analyze how the syllabus content for Libras courses is structured concerning the content for undergraduate teaching certification degrees in Chemistry and Biological Sciences. This qualitative study draws on 139 publicly-available syllabi of Libras undergraduate teacher certification courses in Chemistry and Biological Sciences of Higher Education Institutions (HEI), restricted to those receiving the highest scores (4 and 5) in the 2017 government assessment exercise (henceforth called "Enade"). Through content analysis, five Context Units (CUs) were established to identify which syllabus contents are considered and taught in college Libras courses in Brazil. The CUs for analyzing the syllabi coverage related to the following: Conceptions about deaf people; Educational Interpreters (EI); Bilingual Education; The teaching of Chemistry or Biological Sciences for the Deaf; and Approaches to inclusion in general or conceptions about special education. Although the analysis has shown us numerous variations of the teaching of Libras, with some content such as a focus on the treatment of the deaf as a standout topic, more research is needed. In particular, there is a tendency for the subject to receive a limited number of dedicated course hours, which does not allow for a broader grasp of the theoretical and practical issues related to sign language and bilingual education for the Deaf — especially with regard to the teaching of science.

Data storage model in low-cost mobile applications

<span lang="EN-US">Mobile applications that have data transactions between users require a database relational database management system (RDBMS) and RESTful API operating on the hosting service so that all users can access the data. Renting a hosting service is not cheap and creating a RESTful API takes plenty of time. As an alternative to hosting, a free version of the Cloud Firestore service gives full access rights to the database and has an application programming interface (API) to manage data or access data. However, the free version of Cloud Firestore has limitations in terms of storage capacity, read, write, and delete processes. Therefore, redesigning process of the database was carried out into a low-cost version of the database model consisting of SQLite database and a low-cost version of the NoSQL database to overcome this problem. The goal is to reduce storage space usage and read, write, and delete processing on Cloud Firestore. The low-cost version of the database was tested with 6,030 data. The results obtained were savings of 47.27% storage usage, 83.08% write usage, 91.26% read process usage, and 83.19% delete process usage compared to the test results of the relational database model.</span>

International Research and Philanthropy

International Research and Philanthropy

A roadmap toward equitable, coordinated, quality reproductive care for women with chronic conditions.

A roadmap toward equitable, coordinated, quality reproductive care for women with chronic conditions.

Portuguese (Post-)Imperial Migrations: Race, Citizenship, and Labour

Abstract This article examines the connected histories of (post)colonial migration and labour within the scope of the Portuguese empire and its aftermath. Presenting a long-term analysis, ranging from the abolition of slavery in the first half of the nineteenth century until today’s debates over the Portuguese nationality law, it focuses on the many continuities between the colonial past and the postcolonial present, in particular with respect to citizenship rights and the racialised boundaries of the Portuguese national community. Through its focus on the less well-known case of Portugal, the article highlights the processes of ethno-homogenisation and the related exclusions woven by Western European (post-)imperial nation states, which, until this day, fail to recognise full citizenship rights for millions of racialised people living within Europe’s borders.

Surrogacy: A Bio-economical Exploitation of Proletariats in Amulya Malladi’s A House for Happy Mothers

Infertility remains a threat to global health issues thus the remedy is global with the medical advancements in technology that enable infertile couples to have babies through surrogacy. Surrogacy is a legal practice of hiring a woman’s womb for bearing a child to infertile parents where the intended parents claim full parental rights and the surrogate mothers get the monetary compensation in commercial gestational surrogacy. Surrogates are proletariats from third-world countries struggling to meet day-to-day ends, whilst intended parents are from first-world countries. The existence of poverty and poor economy avail abundant surrogates in third world countries like India attracts infertile couples to flock to these countries thus surrogacy clinics and agents practice exploitative surrogacy (baby) business. This article unveils the exploitation of poor surrogate women and their bodies, with reference to Amulya Malladi’s A House for Happy Mothers (2016). Further, this study attempts to evaluate surrogacy with the theoretical framework of Marxist Theory of Alienation or Estrangement which condemns the poor surrogates as reproductive machines (lobourers) and commercial surrogacy as commodification of wombs.

Eternal Friends or Jubilant Brexiteers? The Impact of Brexit on UK MEPs' Parliamentary Work in the European Parliament

AbstractThe aim of this article is to analyse the impact of Brexit on UK MEPs' parliamentary work in the European Parliament. The UK MEPs enjoyed full rights of MEPs, yet Brexit made their terms short and fixed. Furthermore, the Brexit process constituted a highly emotionally charged moment for politicians' parliamentary work. The article is based on a unique dataset of 130 MEP and political staff interviews and a parliamentary ethnography conducted in Brussels and Strasbourg in 2018–2020 at the time of Brexit. The empirical findings include the identification of four ways that MEPs and staff constructed the work of the outgoing UK MEPs: The Full MEP; The Scrupulous Brexit Scrutineer; The Eternal Friend; and The Jubilant Brexiteer. The empirical analysis provides a rich and nuanced account of the UK MEPs' parliamentary work differentiated by their political party and political group background.

Analisis Penolakan Gugatan Ganti Kerugian dalam Penggabungan Perkara Tindak Pidana Korupsi Juliari P. Batubara (Perspektif Teori Hukum Progresif)

The Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK) revealed the corruption case committed by Juliari P Batubara and 4 other people related to the procurement of Social Aid (BANSOS) for handling COVID-19. As many as 18 residents of West Jakarta and North Jakarta through the YLBHI victim advocacy team filed a combined lawsuit for compensation for the corruption case against Juliari P Batubara. This study aims to analyze the position of the victim in a corruption case and analyze the rejection of a claim for compensation in the corruption case of Juliari P Batubara by using progressive legal theory. This is a normative legal research that uses case, statutory and conceptual approaches. This study concludes that the position of the victim in a corruption case is divided into 2 types. That is, the direct victim is the state and the indirect victim that is subsequently divided into two more, namely the indirect an sich victim which is the community and the victim of reports on someone suspected of committing a criminal act of corruption. In the view of progressive law, the panel of judges examining the corruption case of Juliari P Batubara was shackled by legalistic-positivistic thinking in applying the provisions for merging cases contained in the Criminal Procedure Code. The panel of judges did not see that the lawsuit for compensation filed by the community was an attempt to obtain their full rights, bearing in mind that corruption was perpetrated against BANSOS funds in the face of the non-natural national disaster COVID-19 which caused a decline in people’s purchasing power and even a weakening of the national economy. This research suggests reformulation of Articles 98 – 101 of the Criminal Procedure Code regarding merging cases for compensation claims, so that procedures are simplified and accelerated recovery of victims of criminal acts can be achieved.

MOTHERHOOD: THE EXECUTION OF WOMANHOOD ON INDIAN WOMEN BY THE PATRIARCHY IN ‘MOTHER OF 1084’ AND ‘THE DARK ROOM’

Hinduism is marked with the ‘Samskara’ of the Vedas, Puranas, Granthas and the heritage of rich culture, tradition, trends, custom and values. Discussion of gender, sex and feminism is particularly interesting in the Hindu culture because Hinduism is basically marked by the rich heritage of Patriarchal hierarchy with Strong Matriarchal values, skills, legends and mythologies. Women are always considered to be the root and pole of the family to stable the family and to offer them the healthy growth. They are meant to be sacrificed themselves to devote up to any extent. It is called the norms of the society. It is something that from the very moment of the birth of a girl it has been decided that she is such social gender who has to follow the rules and regulations. The aims and objective of the research is to find out the obstacles element in the path of the women from phase to phase of their life and their roles in form of duty sometimes, in the name of Daity sometimes and in majority on the name of Motherhood (Which is designed by the patriarchal society) .Study of two novels Mother of 1084 of Mahasweta Devi and The Dark Room of R.K. Narayan in which both the writers talk about the main heroines Sujata and Savitri with their crushing roles of being mothers and wives. Both of their husbands had extra marital relationships and both they knew about it but the difference is in their way of reactions. Sujata is nonreactive but Savitri can’t control the reaction. She left the house but has to return back for motherhood while Sujata abolished each norm to identify and offer the last rituals to her dead son. Though women give birth to the child they don’t have full rights to decide so many things about the child. This research reflects how women are poisoned biologically as mother , blamed if the child gets spoiled and insulted by their husbands not to be honest to them but fall for other women sonatually and without any botheration of how will their wives feel?

Peace on Our Terms: The Global Battle for Women's Rights after the First World War

Peace on Our Terms: The Global Battle for Women's Rights after the First World War

BERLAKUNYA KESETARAAN HAM, GENDER, DAN PEMBERDAYAAN PEREMPUAN BERDASARKAN PERSPEKTIF HUKUM INTERNASIONAL

This study aims to find out and also examine the equality of human rights. Gender and women's empowerment in the perspective of International Law, as well as reviewing solutions in cases of gender equality, human rights, and women's empowerment which will be discussed sequentially. The type of research used by the author in this study is normative legal research, a research method which in this case combines elements of normative law which is then supported by additional data or empirical elements. and case approach. This writing uses materials in doing writing with primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials which can show that this research is based on international law in general. A legal and normative concept which states that humans have rights that are very inherent in themselves because they are human beings who have full rights and these rights apply anytime and anywhere, differences that often occur make humans lose their rights such as inequality. Gander, which makes humans different from other humans, occurs very often, giving rise to the feeling that differences are a mistake. The progress achieved by a woman and the achievement of equality between women and men is one of the issues of human rights and a necessary condition for the welfare of society.

Breaking the Dehumanization and Shaming of Asian Comfort Women : Theology of Social Sin and Guilt Shame

The silencing and shaming of Asian comfort women by Japan represent prime examples of dehumanization through female objectification. The Japanese government’s World War II-era sinful and evil predatory actions towards these women have been perpetuated in the years that have followed through the government’s political efforts to silence this history of women’s enslavement. Recognition of two faces of shame—the shame of the perpetrator, guilty of structural and social sin and evil of Japan, and the shame of victims, innocent but wrongly imposed upon by the perpetrator and their culture —can be a pivotal theological line of discussion and reflection. The shame of the formerly subjugated women, and the guilt shame of the Japanese government can only be alleviated with a substantive response to the growing call of social justice activism. This can be supported by theological and psychological reflection for the restoration of Asian comfort women’s human rights and by Japan’s proper apology and compensation directly for the victims and their families. The implications—of a theology of shame and guilt shame—promote awareness of the seriousness of dehumanization through the sex slavery system of sex-trafficking orchestrated by imperial Japan and invite comfort women, Japan, and their communities to move forward in reconciliation. It is through breaking the hold of tendencies of silencing and shaming that perpetuate the dehumanization of these women. Furthermore, this critical reflection can advance calls for social justice on behalf those who are victims of human-trafficking— particularly sex-trafficking—in modern days and a restoration of their full human rights from the dehumanization process of sex slavery.

TERGOV SUDYASI JINOYAT PROTSESSINING SUDGACHA BО‘LGAN BOSQICHIDA SHAXS HUQUQLARINING KAFOLATI SIFATIDA

In our country, measures are being taken on raising to a new level of improvement in the human rights protection system, protecting the rights and interests of the individual, increasing the prestige and procedural status of a lawyer at all stages of criminal proceedings, ensuring guarantees for protecting the interests of citizens, providing rights and interests of citizens in court and law enforcement, and building confidence for the system. Despite the reforms, the analysis shows that the defender does not have full rights to carry out his professional activities, the mechanism for their implementation is not sufficiently developed, and there are certain obstacles, including participation in the process of proving and contradictory norms in the implementation of proving, the existence indicates the need to study in these areas. The results of the analysis of judicial practice show that the mechanisms for ensuring the protection of the rights and freedoms of the individual in criminal proceedings are not fully implemented, and there are also gaps in the legislation that make it possible to clearly define the powers of law enforcement agencies to conduct an investigation. This article analyzes the issue of protecting the rights of lawyers.