Full-fat Soybean Research Articles

Standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids in extruded full-fat soybean fed to non-gestating, gestating, and lactating sows.

This study was conducted to determine and compare the apparent ileal digestibility and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of crude protein (CP) and amino acids (AA) in extruded full-fat soybean (EFSB) fed to nongestating, midgestating, late-gestating, and lactating sows. Six EFSB samples were collected from different sources. Fourteen nongestating sows (Landrace × Yorkshire; parity 3 to 5) were fitted with a T-cannula at the distal ileum. After recovery, sows were assigned to a replicated 7 × 3 incomplete Latin square design. The diets included a nitrogen-free (NF) diet and six experimental diets (EFSB 1 to 6). Eight midgestating sows (Landrace × Yorkshire; parity 3; day 48 of gestation), eight late-gestating sows (Landrace × Yorkshire; parity 3; day 90 of gestation), and eight lactating sows (Landrace × Yorkshire; parity 3; day 6 of lactation) were all assigned to four dietary treatments in a repeated 4 × 3 incomplete Latin square design. The diets included a NF diet and three experimental diets (EFSB 4 to 6). Results showed that there were significant differences in the AID and SID of CP and other AA in nongestating sows (P < 0.05), the AID and SID values of EFSB 1 to 3 were higher than those of EFSB 4 to 6, and the value of EFSB 5 was the lowest. For midgestating sows, there were differences in the AID of methionine (EFSB 5 had a lower value than EFSB 4 and 6) (P < 0.01). For late-gestating sows, only the AID of methionine (EFSB 5 had a lower value than EFSB 4 and 6), tryptophan (EFSB 5 had a higher value than EFSB 4 and 6), and proline (EFSB 5 had a higher value than EFSB 4) was different (P < 0.05), and the SID of methionine (EFSB 4 had a higher value than EFSB 5) and tryptophan (EFSB 5 had a higher value than EFSB 4 and 6) was different (P < 0.05). The SID of histidine and valine was greater in lactation than in nongestation (P = 0.045 and P = 0.02, respectively). The SID of isoleucine was greater in lactation than in nongestation and gestation (P < 0.01). The SID of methionine in nongestation was lower than in gestation and lactation (P < 0.01). The SID of cysteine was the lowest in midgestation (P = 0.045), and the SID of proline was greater in midgestation than in lactation and nongestation (P < 0.01). In conclusion, the AA ileal digestibility of six EFSB samples from different sources was different, and the ileal digestibility of CP and most AA was not affected by the physiological stage of sows.

Эффективность применения фитаз и ударно-дезинтеграторно-активаторной обработки сои для снижения фитиновой кислоты в гидролизатах соевого белка

The efficiency of phytase and impact-disintegrator-activator processing (IDAP) of soybean in obtaining protein hydrolysate from full-fat soybean flour to reduce phytic acid in the hydrolysate was shown. For the experiments, samples of full-fat soybean flour were used, obtained through soybean processing using two different methods: impact disintegration-activation processing (IDAP) and a grinder with a rotor-knife working element (RKP – rotor-knife processing). The IDAP of soybeans was conducted using a DEZI-11 disintegrator unit with six-row rotors rotating at a frequency of 210 s-1. The RKP was carried out using a Gamlux GL-CG mill with a rotor rotation frequency of 20500 rpm. Enzymatic treatment of the mixture of full-fat soybean flour and water (with a water-to-material ratio of 1:6) was performed using the enzyme preparation Phytaflow (with an activity of 20000 U/cm3), with different dosages of phytase added: 20; 40; 60, and 80 U/g of full-fat soybean flour. The enzymatic treatment was conducted at a temperature of 50°C for a duration of 120 minutes. As a result of the studies, it was found that the design of the working body of the chopper affects the degree of soybean degradation, the content of phytic acid in full-fat soybean meal, and the efficiency of phytase action in obtaining protein hydrolysate. The content of phytic acid in full-fat soybean meal obtained after processing on the impact-disintegrator-activator type unit is 12% lower than in full-fat soybean meal obtained after processing on the grinder with a rotary knife working body. Phytase was found to decrease the phytic acid content in protein hydrolysate obtained after processing soybeans with the impact-disintegrator-activator unit more effectively than in protein hydrolysate obtained after processing soybeans with the shredder with the rotary knife-type working body. The hypothesis of the effect of IDAP soybean on the efficiency of phytic acid reduction and enzymatic phytase hydrolysis was confirmed and showed a high degree of significance. The reduction of phytic acid in full-fat soybean meal and protein hydrolysates obtained from it is of great practical importance as it allows to create functional foods with high digestibility and protein bioavailability and to increase the doses of inclusion of full-fat soybean meal in starter feeds of animals, birds, and aquaculture.

Effect of replacing full-fat soybean meal with undefatted cashew reject kernel meal on the growth response, blood parameters, organ weight and abdominal fat weight of broiler chicks

This preliminary feeding trial examined the effects of replacing full-fat soybean meal with undefatted cashew reject kernel meal on the growth response, blood parameters, organ weight and abdominal fat of broiler chicks. Three hundred 1-day-old unsexed Arbor-acre strain broiler chicks stochastically assigned in a completely randomized design to five dietary class of sixty birds each replicated six times in a 21-day feeding trial. The control diet (T1) was a maize- full-fat soybean meal (SBM) based diet. Undefatted cashew reject kernel meal (UCRKM) was used to replace 12.50 %, 25.00 %, 37.50 % and 50.00 % full-fat SBM in the control diet, and were referred to as diets T2, T3, T4 and T5 correspondingly. The chemical composition revealed that UCRKM contained 26.56 % crude protein, 3.30 % crude fibre, 2.99 % ash, 35.05 % ether extract, 23.07 % nitrogen-free extract and 4285.76 kcal kg-1 metabolizable energy. Significant disparities (P ≤ 0.05) were noticed in growth parameters with feed conversion ratio similar to those on T1 up to 50 % substitution. The red blood cell count, mean corpusculars, platelet count, alanine amino transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, creatinine, internal organ weights were influenced (P ≤ 0.05) except the liver and abdominal fat. UCRKM is therefore recommended as a replacement for up to 50.00 % full-fat SBM in broiler starter diets.

Determination and prediction of the available energy and amino acids digestibility of full-fat soybean fed to growing pigs.

Two experiments were conducted to determine the digestible energy and metabolizable energy contents, as well as the apparent ileal digestibility and standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids in full-fat soybean fed to growing pigs. Ten full-fat soybean samples were collected from different areas in China and used in two experiments in this study. In Exp. 1, 66 growing pigs (initial body weight = 18.48 ± 1.2 kg) were randomly allotted to 1 of 11 diets (n = 6) including a corn basal diet and 10 experimental diets formulated by replacing the corn with 30% full-fat soybean. In Exp. 2, 11 growing pigs (initial body weight = 50.45 ± 3.2 kg) were surgically equipped with a T-cannula in the distal ileum and arranged in a 6 × 11 Youden square design with 11 diets and 6 periods. The diets included an N-free diet based on cornstarch and sucrose and 10 experimental diets formulated with full-fat soybeans as the sole source of amino acids. Chromic oxide was added into the diets as an indigestible maker to calculate the digestibility of the amino acids. Results showed that there was considerable variation in neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, and trypsin inhibitor contents in the 10 full-fat soybean samples with a coefficient of variation greater than 10%. On a dry matter basis, the averaged digestible energy and metabolizable energy values in the 10 full-fat soybean samples were 4,855 and 4,555 kcal/kg, respectively, both were positively correlated with the ether extract content. The best-fitted prediction equations for digestible energy and metabolizable energy of full-fat soybean were: digestible energy, kcal/kg = 3,472 + 94.87 × ether extract - 97.63 × ash (R2 = 0.91); metabolizable energy, kcal/kg = 3,443 + 65.11 × ether extract - 36.84 × trypsin inhibitor (R2 = 0.91). In addition, all full-fat soybean samples showed high apparent ileal digestibility and standardized ileal digestibility values in amino acids and were all within the range of previously published values. Those values significantly varied among different samples (P < 0.05) for most amino acids, except for glycine and proline. In conclusion, full-fat soybean is a high-quality protein ingredient with high ileal digestibility of amino acids when fed to growing pigs, and the metabolizable energy value of full-fat soybean could be predicted based on its ether extract and trypsin inhibitor contents.

Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus cereus-containing products do reduce soybean antinutritional factors

Abstract. Soybean has shown over the years to be a reliable plant protein source to excellently substitute the high cost fishmeal in aquaculture diets. However, antinutritional factors (ANFs) limit its usage in aquaculture feeds. Therefore, the current study was designed to test the efficacy of three substrates containing different microorganisms that are capable of reducing soybean ANFs in a 3-month period at a low pH of 2.8. Full fat soybean (USB) was fermented using Anaerobic waste extract from Recirculating Aquaculture System sludge trap (RASW); Biocentric® Feed probiotic powder (BIOP); Oakland® double cream yoghurt (3x 106 CFU ml¯¹) (OY), Control treatment which had no substrate that contained fermenting microorganism (SRR). Each treatment was conducted in three replicates at 2.8 pH. The untreated soybean granules recorded a numerical protein content of 48.56%. The BIOP fermented soybean recorded significantly higher protein content as compared to the other soybean meal fermented with the other substrates. There was also a significant decrease in the soybean content of the amino acid lysine upon fermentation with the four treatments. Fermentation of the soybean with the four treatments was not significantly different in relation with their soybean lipid content, crude fibre content, methionine + cysteine, dry matter content, urease activity and gross energy content (P &gt; 0.05). There was an overall significant decrease in the ANFs when soybean was fermented with the four treatments, with four out of six analysed ANFs parameters content showing a significant decrease upon fermentation (P &lt; 0.05). Fermentation of the soybean with RASW resulted in a significant decrease of trypsin inhibitor content as compared to the rest of the treatments. The USB recorded a numerical value of 43.80 for trypsin inhibitor, whereas RASW fermented soybean recorded least trypsin inhibitor of 3815 ± 010 mg/g. In conclusion, the current study showed that the fermentation substrates used are capable of reducing soybean ANFs, with a slight decrease in soybean protein content.

Evaluation of extruded full-fat soybean as the substitution for fish meal in diets for juvenile Scophthalmus maximus based on growth performance, intestinal microbiota, and aquaculture water quality

Extrusion technology is applied to improve the utilization of soy products, providing an alternative to fish meal (FM) as a component of feed. In this study, a 60-day feeding of turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) was conducted to evaluate the effects of the partial substitution of FM with extruded full-fat soybean (EFS) on growth performance, digestion capacities, intestinal microbiota, and aquaculture water quality. Four isonitrogenous (427.95 ± 0.38 g/kg crude protein) and isolipidic (9.80 ± 1.13 g/kg crude lipid) diets were formulated to contain FM with EFS substitution of 0% (EFS 0%), 10% (EFS 10%), 20% (EFS 20%), and 30% (EFS 30%). Each diet was fed twice a day in triplicate to juvenile turbot (initial body weight, 5.35 ± 0.07 g). The results showed that the turbot fed with EFS 30% had significantly lower body weight, specific growth rate, and protein efficiency ratio than turbot with other diets. In addition, the EFS 30% significantly decreased total serum cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein contents, intestinal folds height, and apparent digestibility coefficients of dry matter and crude protein. It also increased pathogenic Cyanobacteria at the phylum level, decreased probiotics, Rhodobacterales, and Pseudomonadales at the order level, and decreased leuconostoc and Psychrobacter at the genus level. Compared with other treatments, the EFS 30% displayed the lowest proportion of nitrogen for growth and the highest fecal nitrogen loss. Furthermore, the water quality indicators such as ammonia nitrogen discharge, total suspended solids, and fine solid accumulation (< 15 μm) reached the peak in the EFS 30% group. In conclusion, EFS is a feasible turbot feed that can substitute up to 20% of FM with no adverse effects on growth performance, digestive function, intestinal microbiota, and aquaculture water quality.

Method Verification and Measurement of Uncertainty Estimation for the Proximate Analysis in Animal Feed-Single Laboratory Verification Protocol (Nordtest Approach)

The purpose of this study was to verify the proximate analysis (DM percent, Ash percent, CP percent, EE percent, and CF percent) using AOAC approved methods at the Feed Quality Control Laboratory, DLS, Savar, Dhaka, and to reduce measurement uncertainty in each test in the laboratory. To verify the test procedures, a laboratory-made control sample (full-fat soybean), a certified control sample, and two Proficiency test feed samples (List A) were employed, together with various calibrate equipment (Table 1,2). This strategy was put to the test in terms of precision, accuracy, and consistency. Limits of Detection (LOD), Limits of Quantification (LOQ), Robustness, and Ruggedness, on the other hand, are irrelevant in these verification and uncertainty assessment techniques. Tests were carried out over a period of several months to verify this process and to assess the uncertainty more precisely. The Recovery percent was determined for the accuracy test, the Nordtest technique (Single Laboratory Verification Technique), and FAO. 2011 guidelines were used to assess the precision of the methods’ long-term repeatability. The recovery% of the determination of DM%, Ash%, CF%, EE%, and CP% of the Laboratory manufactured Reference sample, FAPAS Proficiency test sample-1, and Sample 2 (Tables 3-7) were within 98-102%, while the precision was determined by long-term repeatability (SRw) was 0.87%, 0.13%, 0.29%, 0.25%, and 0.35%, respectively, which met the criterion (Table 2) of FAO guideline. The measurement uncertainty was computed using the Nordtest method (Single Laboratory Verification Technique) and FAO. 2011 criteria, based on the longterm repeatability of the proximal components in the acknowledged laboratory. According to the guideline, the Expanded Measurement Uncertainty for DM percent, Ash percent, CF percent, EE percent, and CP percent was 0.99, 0.89, 1.02, and 1.82 percent, respectively, which was quite satisfactory. So, in the respective laboratory-Feed Quality Control Laboratory, Department of Livestock Services, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh-this verification for proximate components analysis of the animal feed is validated.

Metabolizable energy and standardized ileal amino acid digestibility of full-fat soybeans for broilers are influenced by wet-heating, expansion temperature, and autoclaving time

The influence of wet-heating (WH) and expansion temperature (ET), and autoclaving time (AT) on the nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolizable energy (AMEn) and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of AA in full-fat soybeans (FFSB) for broilers was examined in 2 experiments. The AMEn and SID AA of FFSB were determined by the difference and direct methods, respectively. In Experiment 1, raw FFSB (K0) were either treated by WH at 80°C for 1 min and expanded at 115°C (K1-115) or 125°C (K1-125), WH at 100°C for 6 min and expanded at 115°C (K2-115) or 125°C (K2-125), or WH at 100°C for 16 min and expanded at 115°C (K3-115) or 125°C (K3-125). Wet-heating and ET significantly (P < 0.001) increased the AMEn in FFSB. Among heat-treated FFSB, K1-115 and K1-125 resulted in the lowest and highest AMEn values, respectively, with all samples wet-heated at 100°C being intermediate. The K3-125 had AMEn values similar (P > 0.05) to K1-125. Among heat-treated FFSB, the highest average SID AA was recorded for K3-125. In Experiment 2, K3-125 from experiment 1 was divided into 9 batches and autoclaved at 110°C for 15 (Z1), 30 (Z2), 45 (Z3), 60 (Z4), 120 (Z5), 180 (Z6), 240 (Z7), 300 (Z8), and 360 (Z9) min. A quadratic (P < 0.01) pattern was observed for the effects of AT on AMEn. The AMEn was unaffected until 300 min AT and then declined at 360 min. The AT quadratically (P < 0.001) affected the average SID AA where the SID increased from K3-125 to Z1, plateaued to Z5, and then declined to Z9. In conclusion, the results demonstrated that WH at 100°C for 16 min followed by expansion at 125°C as the most optimal wet-heating and expansion processing, associated with the highest SID AA. Autoclaving at 110°C for 30 min enhanced energy utilization and AA digestibility in FFSB, suggesting that further advantages may be achieved by short-time autoclaving of previously wet-heated and expanded FFSB samples.

Effect of dietary roasted and autoclaved full-fat soybean on the performance of laying hens and egg quality traits.

ContextFull fat soybean (FFSB) can be used in poultry diets as a source of fat and protein, without extra cost for oil extraction; however, raw FFSB contains several anti‐nutritional factors.AimsInvestigating the effects of replacing dietary soybean meal (SBM) with processed (roasted or autoclaved) FFSB on the performance of laying hens and egg quality traits.MethodsA total of 324 Bovans White strain laying hens were randomly selected and distributed in 54 replicate cages. Based on a completely randomized design with a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement of treatments plus a control group, nine diets in which SBM were replaced with 25%, 50%, 75% and 100℅ roasted or autoclaved FFSB, with six replicates (with six hens each), were evaluated during an 8‐week trial period (60–68 weeks).Key resultsSignificantly increased feed intake (FI) was observed in hens fed diets including autoclaved FFSB (p < 0.05). The interactions between SBM replacement level and processing on feed conversion ratio (FCR), egg production (EP) and egg mass (EM) were significant (p < 0.01). Hens fed the diet with 100% roasted FFSB instead of SBM showed poor performance in terms of FCR, EP and EM during the experimental period. The main effect of SBM‐replacing level on Haugh unit was significant (p < 0.05). The main effect of processing on shell thickness was significant (p < 0.05), so autoclaved FFSB caused higher eggshell thickness than control and roasted FFSB.ConclusionsReplacement of dietary SBM with autoclaved FFSB can improve laying hens’ performance in terms of FCR, EP, EM and eggshell quality and yolk colour.ImplicationsThe use of autoclaved FFSB to replace commercial SBM and its oil in the diet of laying hens is recommended. Feed factories can formulate the diets of laying hens with autoclaved FFSB without extra cost due to oil extraction soybeans.

The influence of protein concentrations in basal diet on metabolizable energy of full-fat soybeans and soy protein isolate determined by the difference procedure in pigs

In the difference procedure, a potential influence of crude protein (CP) concentrations of basal diets on accurate metabolizable energy (ME) determination of a test ingredient is of an issue. The objective of the present study was to determine the influence of CP concentrations in the basal diet and test ingredients on the ME:digestible energy (DE) of full-fat soybeans (FFSB; 377 g/kg CP) and soy protein isolate (SPI; 876 g/kg CP) using the difference procedure. Twelve barrows (73.7 ± 5.5 kg body weight) individually housed in metabolism crates were used. A low-protein basal diet (LPBD; 74 g/kg CP) was composed of 975 g/kg corn as the sole energy source and a high-protein basal diet (HPBD; 143 g/kg CP) was mainly composed of 780 g/kg corn and 196 g/kg soybean meal as the sole energy sources. Four additional diets were prepared by including FFSB or SPI at 200 g/kg at the expense of the energy sources in the basal diets. The 6 experimental diets were fed to the 12 pigs employing a replicated 6 × 4 incomplete Latin square design with 4 periods. While the urinary energy output from the pigs fed the SPI diet in the HPBD group was greater (P < 0.05) than that in the LPBD group, the urinary energy output was not affected by CP concentration in the basal diet in pigs fed the basal diets or the FFSB diets. The ME:DE of the SPI diet in the LPBD group was greater (P < 0.05) than that in the HPBD group, whereas ME:DE was not affected by the basal CP concentrations in pigs fed the basal diets or the FFSB diets. The one-slope broken-line analysis indicated that the CP concentration in the diet needs to be less than 170 g/kg (P < 0.05) to avoid potential interaction between a basal diet and a test ingredient on ME:DE. While ME:DE of the SPI in the LPBD group was greater (P < 0.05) than that in the HPBD group, ME:DE of the FFSB was not different between the 2 basal diet groups. Overall, ME in a high-protein ingredient can be underestimated if a relatively high-protein basal diet is used in the difference procedure mainly due to increased urinary energy output from pigs. Experimental diets in the difference procedure need to contain less than 170 g/kg of protein for finishing pigs to accurately determine biologically available energy concentrations of soybean protein sources.

Influence of Conditioning and Expansion Characteristics on the Apparent Metabolizable Energy and Standardized Ileal Amino Acid Digestibility of Full-Fat Soybeans for Broilers.

Simple SummaryFull-fat soybean (FFSB) is a valuable source of energy and protein for poultry and is obtained by cracking raw soybeans without cooking or oil extraction. However, due to the presence of trypsin inhibitors and lectins, raw FFSB is not used in poultry diets. These anti-nutritional factors are, however, heat-labile, and a proper hydrothermal process will inactivate these factors, eliminating their adverse effects on nutrient utilization and bird performance. The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of conditioning and expansion characteristics on the apparent metabolizable energy and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA) in FFSB for broilers. Based on the results, long-term conditioning at 100 °C for 6 min followed by expansion with 18 kWh/t specific energy input increased the metabolizable energy and SID AA of FFSB. Further increases in conditioning time above 6 min or expansion of specific energy input above 18 kWh/t did not offer any advantages to metabolizable energy and AA digestibility of FFSB.This study investigated the influence of short-term and long-term conditioning and expansion on the nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolizable energy (AMEn) and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA) in full-fat soybeans (FFSB) for broilers. A batch of raw soybeans was used to manufacture 10 FFSB products (T0 to T9) by applying various combinations of conditioning and expansion. The AMEn and SID AA of FFSB were determined by difference and direct methods, respectively. All heat treatments increased (p < 0.001) the AMEn compared to raw FFSB. The sample subjected to long-term conditioning at 100 °C for 6 min and expansion at 18 kWh/t (T5) supported 3.88 MJ/kg higher AMEn than the raw FFSB. Raw FFSB had the poorest (p < 0.05) AA digestibility. Among the heat-treated samples, the highest (p < 0.05) SID AA was recorded for T5. The results demonstrated that the long-term conditioning of FFSB at 100 °C for 6 min prior to expansion with 18 kWh/t specific energy input enhanced metabolizable energy and SID AA. Further increases in conditioning time from 6 to 9 min or expansion of specific energy input from 18 to 28 kWh/t did not yield additional benefits to energy utilization and AA digestibility of FFSB.

Effects of Corn and Broken Rice Extrusion on the Feed Intake, Nutrient Digestibility, and Gut Microbiota of Weaned Piglets.

Simple SummaryExtruded cereals are largely used in newly weaned piglet diets to increase nutrient digestibility and palatability. Our findings showed that corn and broken rice extrusion diets generated negative effects on average daily feed intake (−63.5 g/day, p = 0.054) and average daily gain (−60.6 g/d, p = 0.015) in weaned piglets. Decreased feed intake was associated with increased plasma levels of the gut-derived hormones, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and peptide YY (PYY), which may have been attributed to increased microbiota pathogen abundance, including Sarcina, Clostridium_sensu_strictio_1, and Terrisporobacter, and decreased short-chain fatty acid-producing microbiota, such as Lactobaillaceae and Bifidobateriaceae. Our results showed that extruded cereals should be used cautiously when formulating diets for newly weaned piglets.In this study, we investigated the effects of corn and rice extrusion diets on feed intake, nutrient digestibility, and gut microbiota in weaned piglets. Animals were divided into four dietary groups and fed a controlled diet containing (1) 62.17% corn (CORN), 15% soybean, 10% extruded full-fat soybean, and 6% fishmeal (2) half the corn replaced by extruded corn (ECORN), (3) broken rice (RICE), and (4) extruded broken rice (ERICE) for 28 days. Rice supplementation increased dry matter total tract digestibility and gross energy. Extruded cereals generated a lower average daily feed intake (ADFI) at 15–28 and 1–28 days, decreased average daily growth (ADG) at 15–28 and 1–28 days, and a lowered body weight (BW) on day 28, regardless of cereal type. Dietary extruded cereals increased the appetite-regulating hormones glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and peptide YY (PYY). Piglets fed extruded cereals displayed low short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) levels in plasma and low Lactobaillaceae and Bifidobateriaceae levels in feces, whereas a higher abundance of the potential pathogens Sarcina, Clostridium_sensu_strictio_1 and Terrisporobacter was observed. Piglets fed extruded cereals displayed significantly lower gas and SCFA levels during in vitro fermentation. Combined, 50% corn substituted with extruded corn or broken rice decreased piglet growth performance, possibly by altering their microbiota.

Low-expenditures diets in the feeding of poultry

The purpose of the research was to increase the egg productivity of poultry using low-expenditures compound feed with lupin. In order to achieve this purpose two scientific and farm experiments were conducted on young poultry and laying hens of the cross Haisex Brown. The research was carried out under the conditions of the enterprise AO “Agrofirma “Vostok” in the Volgograd region. The replacing of 50, 75 and 100 % of full-fat soya bean with lupin as part of compound feed for poultry of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd experimental groups compared with the control group positively affected the live weight of young animals, which increased to 29,2 g, while the expenditures of compound feed per 1 kg of gain decreased to 0,1 kg. In laying hens during the experiment period the number of laid eggs increased to 3,1 %, the egg weight to 1,2 % and feed expenditures decreased by 10 pcs eggs up to 3,03 %. In young poultry and laying hens the digestibility of nutrients and the use of nitrogen, calcium and phosphorus were higher in the experimental groups compared to the control group, respectively: crude protein by 0,43–1,28 and 0,29–0,78 abs.%, crude fiber by 0,39–0,62 and 0,35–0,59 abs.%, crude fat by 0,22–0,69 and 0,41–0,68 abs.%. The use of nitrogen from the accepted was higher by 0,31–1,04 and 0,13–1,83 abs.%, calcium by 0,41–1,36 and 1,65–2,75 abs.%, phosphorus by 0,63–1,43 and 0,77–1,85 abs.%. It was revealed during the experiments on young poultry and laying hens that replacing of full-fat soy bean in the diet with lupin influence on the digestibility of nutrients, the use of nitrogen, calcium and phosphorus, and also has a positive effect on feed expenditures, live weight of young poultry and egg productivity of laying hens.

COMPARISON OF EFFECT OF FULL FAT SOYBEAN AND NON FAT SOYBEANS MEALS IN BROILER DIETS ON THEIR GROWTH PERFORMANCE

Study was conducted to compare the effect of full fat soybean and non-fat soybeans meals in broiler diets on their growth performance. A total of one hundred and twenty (120) day old mixed sex chicks purchase from a reputable farm were used for this study, which lasted for eight weeks. The birds were reared on deep litter floor pens using wood shavings as litter material. The birds were brooded in the same pen for two weeks and randomly divided into two (2) groups of 60 birds per group. Data collected were subjected to General Linear Model procedure of the statistics analysis system SAS statistical package. Statistically significant means were compared using Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) Duncan. The results of the experiment carried out on the assessment of weight gain on broiler fed full - fat soybean showed that the final body weight, weight gained, average daily weight gain, total feed intake per bird and feed conversion ratio (FCR) of the birds increases significantly (p&lt;0.01) across the treatments. The final body weight in T3 (4005.00g) was similar to T4 (4140.00g), which were higher than treatment T1 (3510.00) and T2 (3600.00g). The cost price per kg in T3 (47270.75±0.00) N/kg and T4 (7519.06±0.00) N/kg were similar and higher, followed by T2 (6525.84±0.00) N/kg whereas the least cost price per kg was observed in T1 (6360.29±0.00) N/kg. Further studies should be carried out to find other possible ways to influence the real performance of broiler on full fat and non - fat

Efficiency of Soybean Products in Broiler Chicken Nutrition.

Simple SummaryThe studies show how replacing soybean meal with soybean expeller cake or extruded full-fat soybean in feed rations for broiler chickens affects rearing results (weight gain, intake and conversion of feed), carcass composition (dressing percentage, musculature, fattens) and meat quality (physical properties: pH, colour, water holding capacity; the chemical composition: basic components, fatty acids and organoleptic value: flavour, tenderness, palatability and juiciness). Based on the results the use of soybean expeller cake in broiler chicken starter/grower diets can be recommended as it allowed for obtaining the best production and slaughter results. However, from the point of view of the human diet, extruded full-fat soybean should be suggested since it best modified the lipid fraction of muscles.The study aimed to determine the overall effect of replacing soybean meal completely with soybean expeller cake or extruded full-fat soybean in feed rations for broiler chickens on their carcass composition and meat quality. The experiment involved one hundred and twenty Ross 308 broiler chickens randomly allocated to three equinumerous groups (SBM, SEC, EFS). Each group was divided into five subgroups—each consisting of eight birds of both sexes (1:1). From Day 1 to Day 21 of life the birds were fed with loose starter rations, and from Day 22 to Day 42 they were fed grower rations based on a wheat meal, protein products and mineral and vitamin admixtures. The experimental factor was a protein raw material comprising: SBM group—soybean meal from GM (genetically modified) seeds, SEC—soybean expeller cake from n-GM seeds, and EFS—extruded full-fat soybean from n-GM seeds. The experimental diets were isocaloric and isonitrogenous. It was demonstrated that replacing soybean meal with SEC or EFS in feed rations for broiler chickens led to a significant (p < 0.05) weight gain on Day 42 of rearing by 4.57% and 2.88%, respectively. The chickens fed diets with EFS had worse (more than 4.14%) feed conversion rate (FCR) in comparison to the others (p < 0.05). Broiler chickens from the SBM and SEC groups showed a higher share of breast and leg muscles (by 4.74% and 7.54%) and a lower share of abdominal fat (by 31.1%) and skin with subcutaneous fat (by 18.8% and 13.4%) in comparison with birds from the EFS group (p < 0.05). The highest content of intramuscular fat with the best fatty acids profile was determined in the muscles of birds fed with diets containing EFS, while the muscles of chickens receiving SEC scored the highest. The results provide grounds for recommending SEC in broiler chicken nutrition as it allowed for obtaining the best production and slaughter results, whereas—from the point of view of the human diet—EFS should be recommended since it best modified the lipid fraction of muscles.

Effects of Pelleting the Diets, Containing a Leveled Raw Full-Fat Soybean on the Performance of Broiler Chickens

Effects of Pelleting the Diets, Containing a Leveled Raw Full-Fat Soybean on the Performance of Broiler Chickens

Effect of Various Toasting Conditions of Full Fat Soybean on Nutritive Value and Growth Performance in Broiler Chickens

Effect of Various Toasting Conditions of Full Fat Soybean on Nutritive Value and Growth Performance in Broiler Chickens

ПОЛНОЖИРНАЯ СОЯ В РАЦИОНЕ СУПОРОСНЫХ СВИНОМАТОК

In conditions of educational and production complex Pyatachok of Kuban State Agrarian University, reproductive qualities of Danish breeding sows of the DanBred company were studied in a comparative aspect during roasted full-fat soybeans were introduced into the diet. Studies were conducted to determine the possibility of using roasted full-fat soybeans as a source of feed protein and easily digestible fats in pregnant two-breed sows diet. It was found that the presence of highly nutritious vegetable protein of roasted and ground soybeans increases multiplicity of the sows compared to control group by 6,2%, piglets weight at birth by 9,8%.

Активность уреазы в бобах сои и продуктах их переработки как показатель качества термической обработки

Abstract. Goal: on the basis of the veterinary and laboratory diagnostics department with a testing laboratory, surveillance studies of fodder of vegetable origin from different manufacturers were carried out for the following indicators: urease activity, mass content of soluble protein. An experiment on the activity of urease in full-fat soybean feed was also performed. To assess the quality of heat treatment of soybeans and products of its processing, to analyze the stability of the parameter of urease in fodder soybeans. Methods. These studies were performed in accordance with GOST 13979.9-69; GOST 13979.3-68. Results. As a result of statistical processing, it was revealed that over the past five years, urease activity was above the maximum permissible value in 33 % of feed samples. In some samples of soybeans, this indicator was exceeded by 2.6 times, in the experimental sample of soybeans – by 5.8 times. It was also experimentally confirmed that this indicator is a stable parameter. Additionally, studies of the cumulative mass content of soluble proteins were conducted in these samples. It was found that in 13 % of soybean samples and its processed products, the result of soluble protein was in the range of 68.20–74.50 %, which indicates excessive heat treatment of this raw material. Based on the results of the research conducted, it was found that this feedstock did not always meet the stated requirements. In this regard, the conduct of these studies is necessary for further control of the technological process. Scientific novelty. Currently, the issue of the quality of fodder of vegetable origin and soybean-processed products remains relevant. Full-fat soybean, soybean extracted meal, soybean expeller meal are increasingly used for the preparation of animal feed for farm animals and poultry. In this regard, it became necessary to control the quality and safety of this feedstock.

Amino acids and energy digestibility in extruded or roasted full fat soybean fed to broiler chickens without or with multienzyme supplement containing protease, phytase, and fiber degrading enzymes

Effects of processing and multienzyme supplement (MES) on standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids, apparent retention (AR) of components and metabolizable energy (AME) content in full fat soybean seeds (FFSB) were investigated in broiler chickens. The FFSB were either extruded (EFFSB) or roasted (RFFSB). A nitrogen free diet (NFD) was formulated for SID of AA calculation. The FFSB diets contained 20% crude protein with the ratio of corn starch: sucrose: soy oil (sole sources of energy in NFD) kept constant for calculation of AME. The FFSB diets were fed without or with MES containing phytase, protease, and fiber degrading enzymes. All diets had TiO2 indigestible marker. A total of 400-dayu-old Ross 708 male chicks were fed a commercial diet to d 13. On d 14, birds were weighed individually and allocated to cages (10 birds/cage, n = 8). Birds had free access to feed and water. Excreta samples were collected on d 18 to 20, and all birds were necropsied on d 21 for terminal ileal digesta samples. There was no (P > 0.05) interaction between processing and MES on SID of AA. Birds fed EFFSB had higher (P ≤ 0.048) SID of Arg, Ile, Lys, and Met than birds fed RFFSB. Birds fed MES had higher (85.5 vs. 80.8%; P = 0.050) SID of Lys than birds fed non-MES diet. There was interaction (P ≤ 0.036) between processing and MES on AR of Ca and P; MES improved retention but largely in EFFSB. There was an interaction (P = 0.016) between processing and MES on energy utilization such that MES improved AR of GE, AME, and AMEn in RFFSB only. In general, birds fed EFFSB exhibited higher (P < 0.01) energy utilization than birds fed RFFSB. In conclusion, lower Lys and energy utilization in RFFSB relative to EFFSB reflected the impact of the processing regimen. Supplemental enzyme improvement on Lys and minerals digestibility in FFSB and energy utilization in RFFSB suggested value in heat processed feedstuffs.