Full Dose Of NPK Research Articles

The effect of long-term use of organic and mineral fertilizers on the productivity of agrocenoses of the European Northeast

Relevance. The soil cover of the Komi Republic is dominated by podzolic and sodpodzolic soils, which are characterized by very low natural fertility, therefore, liming, organic and mineral fertilizers must be used to widely reproduce the fertility and productivity of these soils.Methods. The fodder crop rotation had the following alternation of crops: 1 — potatoes; 2 — vico-oat mixture with sowing of perennial grasses; 3 — perennial grasses of the 1st year of use; 4 — perennial grasses of the 2nd year of use; 5 — vico-oat mixture; 6 — potatoes. Organic fertilizers in the form of peat–manure compost (TNK) were introduced twice during the rotation of the crop rotation — for potatoes, mineral fertilizers in the form of Naa, Rsd and Kx during basic tillage, during the cultivation of perennial grasses, as well as during spring fertilizing of plants. To replenish the removal of nutrients by crops, annual doses of mineral fertilizers were N60P30K180 for potatoes, N40P32K116 for vico-oat mixture, and N40P32K108 for perennial grasses (Trifolium pratense + Phleum pratense). In the experiment were also used reduced doses (1/2 and 1/3 of the full dose of NPK).Results. The humus content increased by 0.5%, the exchange acidity decreased to 6.8 units of pHKCl, the hydrolytic acidity was 0.6 mmol/100 g of soil, the amount of mobile phosphorus was 312 mg/kg and the exchange potassium was 164 mg/kg of soil. A significant average yield of agricultural crops was obtained: potatoes — 7.0 t/ha, annual grasses — 4.4 t/ha and perennial grasses — 6.2 t/ha of dry matter with high quality

The Effect of Microbial Preparations on Biological Activity of the Soil and Yielding Ability and Quality of Potato

The effectiveness of microbial preparations against the background of various doses of mineral fertilizers and without them was studied in two short-term experiments from 2015 to 2018. The goal of the present study was to increase the productivity and quality of potatoes by using full and reduced (by 30 and 50%) doses of mineral fertilizers in combination with various microbial preparations due to the biological activity of sod-podzolic sandy loam soil and better digestibility of nutrients. In the field test of 2015–2016, when using mineral fertilizers (N45–90P45–90K60–120), the potato yield was 24.1–27.9 t/ha; the combination of N45P45K60 with preplant treatment of tubers using microbiological preparations Azolen, Agrinos 1, and Biocomposite-correct increased the yield by 27.6–28.5%, while biopreparations made it possible to increase the yield by 3.5–4.4 t/ha or 14.5–18.3%. In the field experiment (2016 and 2017–2018), the maximum potato yield (34.0–35.7 t/ha) was obtained using the Extrasol microbiological preparation both separately for preplant treatment of tubers and in combination with foliar spraying of Agrinos 2 and Extrasol against the background of a full dose of fertilizers (N90P90K90), while the increase caused by the biological component of the nutrition system was 6.5–8.2 t/ha or 23.6–29.8%. In the experiment with an NPK dose reduced by 30% in combination with Agrinos (N60P60K60 + Agrinos 1 + 2 (5 + 2.5 L/ha)), the yield level was 4.6 t/ha (17%) higher than that obtained with a full dose of NPK.

Long-term fertilization and manuring with different organics alter stability of carbon in colloidal organo-mineral fraction in soils of varying clay mineralogy

Majority of organic matter is bound to clay minerals to form stable colloidal organo-mineral fraction (COMF) in soil. Stability of carbon (C) in COMF is crucial for long-term C sequestration in soil. However, information on the effect of long-term fertilization and manuring with various organic sources on C stability in such fraction in soils with varying clay mineralogy is scarce. The present study was, therefore, carried out to assess the effect of thirty-one years of continuous fertilization and manuring with different organics on C-stability in COMF extracted from an Inceptisol, a Vertisol, a Mollisol, and an Alfisol. The treatments comprised of control (no fertilization), 100% NPK (100% of recommended N, P and K through fertilizer), 50% NPK+ 50% of recommended N supplied through either farm yard manure (FYM) or cereal residue (CR) or green manure (GM). The stability of C (1/k) in COMF was determined from desorption rate constant (k) of humus-C by sequential extraction and correlated with extractable amorphous Fe-Al-Si-oxides, and crystallite size of illite minerals. Long-term fertilization and manuring with the above sources of organic altered the contents of amorphous Fe-Al-Si-oxides, and decreased the crystallite size of illite in all the soil orders. Fifty percent substitution of fertilizer N by various organics significantly increased C-stability in COMF by 27–221% (mean 111%) over full dose of NPK (100% NPK). Smectite dominating Vertisol exhibited highest stability of C followed by the Mollisol, the Inceptisol and the Alfisol. Stability of such C in soil was correlated positively with the amount of amorphous Fe and Al oxides but negatively with crystallite size of illite (r = −0.46, P < 0.01). Application of NPK + GM or NPK + FYM in Inceptisol, Vertisol and Mollisol and NPK + GM or NPK + CR in Alfisol emerged as the best management practices for higher stabilization of C in COMF for long-term C sequestration.

Benefits of Biochars and NPK Fertilizers for Soil Quality and Growth of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) in an Acid Arenosol

Fertilization is required for optimum plant growth, particularly in unfertile soils, while optimizing nutrient use efficiency is an alternative to reduce inorganic fertilizer needs and reduce environmental problems caused by nutrient leaching. This study investigated soil properties and cowpea yield responses to biochars (BCs) made from different feedstocks, baby corn peel biochar (BC1), branches of mango tree biochar (BC2), and rice husk biochar (BC3), applied in combination with nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium (NPK) fertilizers. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, using an acid sandy soil (Arenosol) that was submitted for 70 d to the following eight treatments: i) control; ii) full dose of NPK (a commercial compound fertilizer (12-24-12 of N-P2O5-K2O) + urea (46% N)); iii) BC1 + half dose of NPK; iv) BC1 + full dose of NPK; v) BC2 + half dose of NPK; vi) BC2 + full dose of NPK; vii) BC3 + half dose of NPK; and viii) BC3 + full dose of NPK. All biochars were applied at a rate of 0.9% (weight/weight), and each type of biochar was combined with half and full doses of NPK fertilizers. Soil pH increased significantly (P < 0.05) in treatments with BC1 and BC2, while cation exchange capacity (CEC) and available P were higher in the treatments with BC1; BC1 and BC2 also induced higher activity of enzymes related to the P cycle and higher cowpea yield. Similar soil properties and cowpea yield parameters were obtained with the full and half doses of NPK fertilizers for each type of biochar used. In conclusion, biochars in the combination with NPK fertilizers improved soil chemistry and enzymatic activities, allowing reduced fertilizer application and food production costs in the acid soil studied.

EFFECT OF CHEMICAL FERTILIZATION, BIOFERTILIZER AND THIDIAZURON ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF CELERY (APIUM GRAVEOLENS L.) PLANT.

This study was conducted duringtwo successive seasons of 2014-2015 and 2015-2016 at Biotechnology Department, Phytochemistry Department and Farm of Applied Research Center of Medicinal Plants (ARCMP) affiliated to the National Organization for Drug Control And Research (NODCAR). The present work aimed to investigate the effect of inoculation Apium graveolens L. seeds with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (my) and/or microbein (mi) biofertilizer and foliar spray plants with Thidiazuron (TDZ) combined with chemical fertilizer at half or full dose of NPK on number of spores Am fungi (kg soil-1), AM fungi colonization , enzymatic activities (dehydrogenase activity [µg TPF/g dry soil/day] & Nitrogenase activity [nmol C2H4/g rhizosphere/ hour]), growth parameters (fresh weight of shoots per plant (g), fresh weight of roots per plant (g), dry weight of shoots per plant (g), dry weight of roots per plant (g), Plant height (cm), number of umbel per plant [at full flowering stage] & dry weight of fruits per plant [at harvest stage]) and chemical composition (plant pigments [chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoides], macro elements content (%), total carbohydrates, and crude protein). The results in both seasons showed that, the highest values of number of AM fungi spores (kg soil-1) in celery (Apium graveolens L.) roots, AM fungi colonization %, enzymatic activities, growth parametersand chemical composition obtained at inoculating seeds with mixture of mycorrhizal and mycrobein at full dose of NPK.

PHYTOCHEMICAL STUDIES ON CELERY (APIUM GRAVEOLENS L.) PLANT UNDER USING CHEMICAL FERTILIZATION, BIOFERTILIZER AND THIDIAZURON TREATMENTS

A field experiment was conducted during two successive seasons of 2014/2015 and 2015/2016 at Phytochemistry Department and Farm of Applied Research Center of Medicinal Plants (ARCMP) affiliated to the National Organization for Drug Control And Research (NODCAR). Present work aimed to study the effect of inoculation Apium graveolens L. seeds with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (my) and/or microbein (mi) and/or foliar spray plants with thidiazuran (TDZ) combine with chemical fertilizer at half or full dose of NPK on the % of the volatile oil of celery seeds, physiochemical investigation (Specific gravity of each essential oil and Refractive index of each essential oil), Compositional analysis by GLC of essential oil content , total phenolic t and flavonoid contentof dry seeds. Were estimated the results showed that inoculation of celery (Apium graveolens L.) seeds with mixture of mycorrhizal and microbein at full dose of NPK gave the highest yield of the volatile oiland total phenolic andflavonoid contentof dry seeds. While treated plants with biofertilizer (mycorrhizal and/or microbein) /or sprayed plants with (TDZ) combine biofertilizer at half or full dose of NPK didn't have any significant effect on physiochemical investigation and compositional analysis of volatile oil by GLC as compared to the control.

The Role of Microbiological Fertilizers and Green Manures in Increasing the Productivity and Quality of Potatoes

This paper presents the research results of three short-term experiments carried out in 2010–2017 on the impact of green manures and mineral and bacterial fertilizers on potato productivity. The purpose of the study was to increase the productivity and quality of potato tubers while reducing the anthropogenic load on the agrocenosis through the integrated use of binary green manures and lower doses of mineral fertilizers in combination with microbiological preparations. In a stationary field experiment (2010–2012) on leached chernozem, the maximum potato productivity (32.2–35.5 t/ha) was obtained using mineral fertilizers N45–90P60–120K60–120 in the crop rotation link oil radish + vetch–potato, while the efficiency of the treatment of tubers with the bacterial preparations Azotovit + Fosfatovit was 9.2–15.0%. In experiments on sod-podzolic soil, the yield increase from the microbiological preparation Agrinos for the potato cultivar Udacha in 2015 amounted to 12.4% along with higher content of starch and vitamin C in production. In the relatively moist 2016 and 2017, the yield increase in the midearly maturing cultivar Gala reached 8.5 t/ha or 24.5% to the mineral background level (N90P90K90). In the variant with a 30% reduced NPK dose and the use of Agrinos (N60P60K60 + Agrinos A + B (5 + 2.5 L/ha), the yield was 5.8 t/ha or 16.7% higher than with the full dose of NPK, and high starchiness and vitamin C content, excellent culinary qualities, and low levels of nitrates were also observed.

EFFECT OF TRICHODERMA VIRIDE AS BIOFERTILIZER ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF WHEAT

This experiment was conducted to find out the effects of Trichoderma viride on growth and yield of wheat at Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science, Lamjung Campus, Sundarbazar, Lamjung during December 2016 – April 2017. The experiment consisted of seven treatments; (T1: Control; T2: Soil + NPK; T3: Soil inoculated Trichoderma; T4: Trichoderma + FYM; T5: Trichoderma + ½ NPK; T6: Trichoderma + NPK and T7 = Trichoderma + NPK + FYM) laid out in completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications. The results showed that Trichoderma viride increased the plant height (4.6%), root weight (1.5%), leaf length (0.3%), panicle weight (9.1%), number of grains (3.8%), grain yield (36.5%), biological yield (13.7%), and biomass yield (2.7%) over control; while root length (-17.4%), number of leaves (-8.4%), tiller number (-10.8%), panicle number (-6.7%), panicle length (-8.4%) highlighted the negative impact of T. viride on wheat plant. T. viride displayed antagonism with inorganic fertilizer. When T. viride and NPK were accompanied with farmyard manure, most of the growth and yield parameter showed the highest value. Though Trichoderma viride decreases several growth parameters, it still can be used as biofertilizer which increases the grain yield. Using T. viride with a full dose of NPK during sowing stage may not be efficient and economical in terms of productivity. Introducing farmyard manure to T. viride gives better yield than T. viride alone.

VERIFICATION OF INTEGRATED SOIL FERTILITY MANAGEMENT AND WEED INTERFERENCE ON NERICA RICE IN THE GUINEA SAVANNA UPLANDS

Improving soil amendment and reducing weed-crop competition in rice cultivation could increase production of the crop under upland conditions. A field study was conducted to verify integrated soil fertility management and weed interference on NERICA 1 in the Guinea savannah uplands of Ghana to determine their interactive effects and examine the synergy between organic and inorganic soil amendments on yield components and grain yield. Four levels of soil amendment and six weeding regimes laid in Randomized Complete Block Design with four replications were studied. Results indicated full rate of NPK (60-60-30 kg/ha) combined with hand weeding at 3 and 6WAP maximized most growth and yield parameters of NERICA 1 with grain yield of 3000kg/ha. The same treatments minimized weed index (WI) followed by weeding once at 3WAP when combined with either full dose of NPK or organic manure. The best timing for one hand weeding as practiced by some farmers was 3WAP to obtain appreciable yield in rice. Tillering at 50 DAP and productive tillering were maximised by both full rate of NPK and half doses of NPK and organic manure applications with 250 tillers/m2 respectively 200 productive tillers/m2. The synergy between inorganic and organic manure at half doses was exemplified and could be exploited by farmers for increased crop performance. Full rate of NPK maximised LAI and straw biomass followed by half doses of manure and NPK fertilizer. Notably twice weeding at 3 and 6 WAP recorded the highest LAI, tillering and productive tillers, and reduced straw biomass only by 20% relative to the weed-free control. 1000 seed weight of NERICA 1 was reduced only by weedy control below 25g, even in the presence of soil amendments. Weed flora was dominated by annuals and consisted of 55% broadleaves, 25% grasses, 12% shrubs and 6% sedges.

Pseudomonas fluorescens R68 assisted enhancement in growth and fertilizer utilization of Amaranthus tricolor (L.).

Plant probiotic potential of rhizosphere microbiome and its role in phytofertilizer mobilization arelargely unexplored. In the current study, the rhizobacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens R68 (PFR68) isolated from Western Ghat was analyzed for its growth enhancement effect on the leafy vegetable Amaranthus tricolor (L.). One month of field growth of PFR68 inoculated A. tricolor has found to have enhanced growth parameters such as leaf number (1.57 fold), root number (1.76 fold), shoot length (1.28 fold) and fresh weight (2.31 fold). The treatment also improved soil fertility in terms of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium content. Most remarkably, application of PFR68 alone and 50% of recommended NPK dose along with PFR68 has resulted in enhanced growth of A. tricolor comparable to plants treated with full dose of NPK. In addition to this, application of PFR68 along with 50% NPK augmented the available Nitrogen and Phosphorus content in soil. This indicates the potential of selected organism in enrichment of soil health and enhancement of crop productivity. In conclusion, field performance of PFR68 on growth of A. tricolor confirms its promises to develop into plant probiotic formulation.

EFFECT OF CHEMICAL FERTILIZATION, BIOFERTILIZER AND THIDIAZURON ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF ANISE (PIMPINELLA ANISUM L.)

This study was conducted duringtwo successive seasons of 2012-2013 and 2013-2014 at Biotechnology Department, Phytochemistry Department and Farm of Applied Research Center of Medicinal Plants (ARCMP) affiliated to the National Organization for Drug Control And Research (NODCAR). The present work aimed to investigate the effect of inoculation Pimpinella anisum L. seeds with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (my) and/or microbein (mi) biofertilizer and foliar spray plants with Thidiazuron (TDZ) combined with chemical fertilizer at half or full dose of NPK on number of spores Am fungi (kg soil-1), AM fungi colonization , enzymatic activities (dehydrogenase activity [µg TPF/g dry soil/day] & Nitrogenase activity [nmol C2H4/g rhizosphere/ hour]), growth parameters (fresh weight of shoots per plant (g), fresh weight of roots per plant (g), dry weight of shoots per plant (g), dry weight of roots per plant (g), Plant height (cm), number of umbel per plant [at full flowering stage] & dry weight of seeds per plant [at harvest stage]) and chemical composition (plant pigments [chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoides], macro elements content (%), total carbohydrates, and crude protein). The results in both seasons showed that, the highest values of number of AM fungi spores (kg soil-1) in anise (Pimpinella anisum L.) roots, AM fungi colonization %, enzymatic activities, growth parametersand chemical composition obtained at inoculating seeds with mixture of mycorrhizal and mycrobein at full dose of NPK.

PHYTOCHEMICAL STUDIES ON ANISE (PIMPINELLA ANISUM L.) PLANT UNDER USING CHEMICAL FERTILIZATION, BIOFERTILIZER AND THIDIAZURON TREATMENTS

A field experiment was conducted during two successive seasons of 2012/2013 and 2013/2014 at Phytochemistry Department and Farm of Applied Research Center of Medicinal Plants (ARCMP) affiliated to the National Organization for Drug Control And Research (NODCAR). Present work aimed to study the effect of inoculation Pimpinella anisum L. seeds with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (my) and/or microbein (mi) and/or foliar spray plants with thidiazuran (TDZ) combine with chemical fertilizer at half or full dose of NPK on the volume of the volatile oil of anise seeds, physiochemical investigation (Specific gravity of each essential oil and Refractive index of each essential oil), Compositional analysis by GLC of each essential oil percentage (linalol, estragole, alpha-terpenol, cis-anethole, trans- anethol and anisaldhyde) , total phenolic content and total flavonoid content of dry seeds. The results showed that inoculation anise (Pimpinella anisum L.) seeds with mixture of mycorrhizal and microbein at full dose of NPK gave the highest yield of the volatile oil of anise seeds , total phenolic content and total flavonoid content of dry seeds. While treated plants with biofertilizer (mycorrhizal and/or microbein) /or sprayed plants with TDZ combine biofertilizer at half or full dose of NPK didn't have any significant effect on physiochemical investigation and compositional analysis of volatile oil by GLC as compared to the control.

Growth response of diverse rice genotypes to exogenous application of GA3

Although exogenous gibberellin (GA) usually breaks dwarfism, some cereal genotypes do not respond because they have a higher level of endogenous GA. This study examined the growth response to exogenous GA of rice genotypes with different statures and sources of dwarfism. The rice genotypes included a Dwarf mutant (superdwarf), dwarf Cigar, Nadula dwarf (semidwarf), Dee-geo-woo-gen (semidwarf), and C14-8 (tall). Seedlings (25 d old) were transplanted separately in the ricefield at 40- × 20-cm spacing during the wet season. A full dose of NPK was applied before transplanting (during puddling). Two rows of each genotype were fully sprayed with 100 ppm of GA 3 at 20 and 45 d after planting. Morphological and growth characters were recorded at heading, and dry weights of plant parts were recorded after drying the plant samples in a hot air oven at 70°C for 72 h.

INFLUENCE OF NUTRITION AND VAM FUNGI ON PLANT GROWTH PARAMETER, PHYSIO-CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF FRUIT AND YIELD OF PAPAYA (CARICA PAPAYA L.) CV. PUSA DELICIOUS

Papaya (Carica papaya L.) is one of the most important commercial fruit crops of tropical and subtropical region of globe and India as well. Majority of nutrient is lost either in soil through leaching and most of the phosphorous is fixed by some soil components into a form, which are not readily available to the plants. An experiment was carried out at the experimental farm of ICAR (RC) for NEH Region, Tripura Centre, Lembucherra during 2006-2007 to find out the influence of various doses of NPK+VAM on plant growth, flowering, fruit characteristics and yield of papaya. Total of thirteen treatment combinations were taken with four replications to execute the experiment. One third of N and full amount of P and K & rhizogold (VAM) were applied just before planting of papaya seedling as basal dose and rest N in two split doses. The application of full dose of NPK+10 g rhizogold per plant registered more stem girth (11.45 cm), early flowering (98.50 DOP), fruiting zone (148.65 cm), number of fruits per plant (49.25) and fruit yield (59.62 kg/plant). The full dose of NPK+15 g rhizogold was also at par for the fruit weight and yield. The increase in fruit yield and enhancement in fruit quality was due to higher uptake of nutrients by the plants as influenced by vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizae in root zone of the plants.

Comparative assessment of organic, inorganic and integrated management practices in rice (Oryza sativa)-based cropping system in acid soil of Assam

A field experiment was conducted from 2008-09 to 2014-15 under All India Coordinated Research Project on Integrated Farming System at Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, Assam, to evaluate the effect of organic (alone), inorganic (alone) and integrated nutrient management on soil properties and productivity of rainfed winter rice (Oryza sativa L.)toria [Brassica rapa subsp. Dichotoma (Roxb.) Honalt]blackgram [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper] system. The highest rice-equivalent yield (8.91 t/ha) was recorded with the application of 100% NPK through organic sources plus intercropping with wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) during the winter (rabi) season and okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench] during the summer. Application of 100% recommended dose of fertil- izer (RDF) through FYM, vermicompost and mustard seed-cake in the rice during the rainy (kharif) season, fol- lowed by toria + wheat during rabi and blackgram + okra during the summer season resulted in the maximum av- erage uptake of N, P and K (95.5, 20.1 and 84.9 kg/ha respectively). Bacteria, fungi and Actinomycetes counts as well as microbial biomass carbon in soil were the highest (253 104, 137 104, 195 104 and 163.95 ?g/g re- spectively) in the organic management having 100% supply of nutrients through 1/ FYM + 1/ vermicompost + 1/ 3 3 3 mustard seed cake (MSC) along with 3.5 kg/ha each of Azospirillum/Azotobacter and phosphate-solubilizing bac- teria. The highest dehydrogenase, phosphatase and urease activity in soil was also observed in the same treat- ment. Full dose of NPK through organic sources to ricetoriablackgram sequence intercropping with wheat dur- ing the winter (rabi) and okra during the summer registered the highest earthworm count (25 numbers per m3).

Título en español.

En Guyana se realizó un experimento durante 12 meses en el suelo lnki arcilloso, rico en materia orgánica. El objetivo del estudio era determinar el efecto de aplicaciones de cal y de abono en los rendimientos de la yuca. Todas las parcelas recibieron cal a razón de 6.72 Tm/ ha. Los tres tratamientos fueron como sigue: cal únicamente (control); 400 kg/ha de un abono en una proporción 3:1:2 de N, P2O5 y K2O aplicado en franjas en una sola dosis un mes después de la siembra, y la misma cantidad aplicada también franjas dividida en partes iguales al mes y a los 5 meses después de la siembra. No hubo diferencias significativas en los rendimientos que se puedan atribuir a los tratamientos. Sin embargo, se registraron aumentos en materia verde de los tallos y hojas de 110 y 35%, respectivamente, en las parcelas que recibieron NPK en una sola dosis un mes después de la siembra e igual cantidad dividida en dos dosis, un mes y 5 meses después de la siembra. Es probable que un balance inadecuado de NPK estuviese asociado con aumentos en el desarrollo vegetativo.