The effect of long-term use of organic and mineral fertilizers on the productivity of agrocenoses of the European Northeast

Abstract

Relevance. The soil cover of the Komi Republic is dominated by podzolic and sodpodzolic soils, which are characterized by very low natural fertility, therefore, liming, organic and mineral fertilizers must be used to widely reproduce the fertility and productivity of these soils.Methods. The fodder crop rotation had the following alternation of crops: 1 — potatoes; 2 — vico-oat mixture with sowing of perennial grasses; 3 — perennial grasses of the 1st year of use; 4 — perennial grasses of the 2nd year of use; 5 — vico-oat mixture; 6 — potatoes. Organic fertilizers in the form of peat–manure compost (TNK) were introduced twice during the rotation of the crop rotation — for potatoes, mineral fertilizers in the form of Naa, Rsd and Kx during basic tillage, during the cultivation of perennial grasses, as well as during spring fertilizing of plants. To replenish the removal of nutrients by crops, annual doses of mineral fertilizers were N60P30K180 for potatoes, N40P32K116 for vico-oat mixture, and N40P32K108 for perennial grasses (Trifolium pratense + Phleum pratense). In the experiment were also used reduced doses (1/2 and 1/3 of the full dose of NPK).Results. The humus content increased by 0.5%, the exchange acidity decreased to 6.8 units of pHKCl, the hydrolytic acidity was 0.6 mmol/100 g of soil, the amount of mobile phosphorus was 312 mg/kg and the exchange potassium was 164 mg/kg of soil. A significant average yield of agricultural crops was obtained: potatoes — 7.0 t/ha, annual grasses — 4.4 t/ha and perennial grasses — 6.2 t/ha of dry matter with high quality