The Effect of Microbial Preparations on Biological Activity of the Soil and Yielding Ability and Quality of Potato

Abstract

The effectiveness of microbial preparations against the background of various doses of mineral fertilizers and without them was studied in two short-term experiments from 2015 to 2018. The goal of the present study was to increase the productivity and quality of potatoes by using full and reduced (by 30 and 50%) doses of mineral fertilizers in combination with various microbial preparations due to the biological activity of sod-podzolic sandy loam soil and better digestibility of nutrients. In the field test of 2015–2016, when using mineral fertilizers (N45–90P45–90K60–120), the potato yield was 24.1–27.9 t/ha; the combination of N45P45K60 with preplant treatment of tubers using microbiological preparations Azolen, Agrinos 1, and Biocomposite-correct increased the yield by 27.6–28.5%, while biopreparations made it possible to increase the yield by 3.5–4.4 t/ha or 14.5–18.3%. In the field experiment (2016 and 2017–2018), the maximum potato yield (34.0–35.7 t/ha) was obtained using the Extrasol microbiological preparation both separately for preplant treatment of tubers and in combination with foliar spraying of Agrinos 2 and Extrasol against the background of a full dose of fertilizers (N90P90K90), while the increase caused by the biological component of the nutrition system was 6.5–8.2 t/ha or 23.6–29.8%. In the experiment with an NPK dose reduced by 30% in combination with Agrinos (N60P60K60 + Agrinos 1 + 2 (5 + 2.5 L/ha)), the yield level was 4.6 t/ha (17%) higher than that obtained with a full dose of NPK.