Full Day Research Articles

Sheltered from the heat? How tents and shade covers may unintentionally increase air temperature exposures to unsheltered communities

ObjectiveHeat vulnerability and homelessness are central public health concerns in cities globally, and public health implementation should address these two challenges in tandem to minimize preventable heat-related morbidity and mortality. Populations facing unsheltered homelessness use tents (or similar shelters) with shading features to minimize sun and heat exposure. This study evaluates the efficacy of different tent cover (shading) materials and how they moderate the in-tent air temperature (Tair) exposures of tent users during extreme summer conditions. Study designWithin-tent Tair monitoring using Kestrel Drop devices occurred across three full typical summer days in Phoenix, Arizona in July 2022. MethodsIn-tent Tair were statistically compared between six small side-by-side identical tents with different cover materials (control (no cover), mylar, white bedsheet, tarp, sunbrella fabric, aluminum foil), as well as with ambient Tair. ResultsUsing any tent resulted in higher daytime in-tent Tair than ambient Tair. Further, compared to a control tent, the Tair within tents shaded with sunbrella, tarp, and white bedsheet had significantly higher Tair at all times (2.36 °C, 2.46 °C, and 1.11 °C higher Tair, respectively), controlling for Tair and day/night. ConclusionAdding cover materials over tents may increase heat risk to an already vulnerable population at certain times of the day. Higher in-tent Tair is attributable to the reduced ability for heat and vapor to escape, largely due to reduced ventilation (mixing). Local authorities and welfare associations should reconsider using unventilated tents for shading and promote more widespread, ventilated tents and shade to ensure that prevention efforts do not further marginalize the most vulnerable. Future work should incorporate more comprehensive measurements of solar radiation to quantify overall heat stress for exposure reduction techniques.

Building Positive Character, Negative Effects Environmental Protection and Wisdom Local Culture by the Applying of Full Day Schools in Rural Areas (Research Action in Public Senior High School of Lahat South Sumatra)

Many schools in the city choose Full Day (FDS) but for schools in rural still in very little in the list to apply this. The research was action research of discovering whether increased positive impact in the positive character, security environment wisdom exposed to negative and local culture can be accomplished by applying the Full Day School program. This research aims to find the effect of applying rural FS at the school. The research results show that the first Full Day school (FDS) in a rural area school can maximize time to communicate with students to build good character, such as religious, social,l and environmental care to students. Secondly, FDS in rural school areas can protect students from bad effects outside the school environment, negatively influencing drug users, environment-free sex, bad motorcycle groups, etc. Third, FDS gives students enough opportunity to learn about local culture with family and society about local culture. They can have time with their families from morning till noon on Saturday and Sunday, which would improve their knowledge of local culture and family activities. It can be concluded that FDS in rural school areas positively affects building positive and good student character. It is recommended that it be applied in other schools.

How reliable are single day electrocardiogram measurements to detect excessive supraventricular ectopic activity?

Abstract Background Excessive Supraventricular Activity (ESVEA) is widely recognized as a significant risk marker for incident atrial fibrillation, but the diagnostic reliability of ESVEA measured by 24-hour electrocardiogram (ECG) is unknown. Objectives To study the variability of ESVEA over 14 days using mobile cardiac telemetry (MCT). Methods We included US patients aged 17-100 years with ≥14 full days of ambulatory full-disclosure ECG using an MCT device during 2017, without atrial fibrillation during any of the recording days. ESVEA was defined as the presence of ≥720 premature atrial complexes and/or a ≥20 beat long supraventricular tachycardia, and calculated for each recording day. Results The study population consisted of 9,899 patients (median age 70 (interquartile range 59-77) years, 57% female). ESVEA was very common: 45% (n= 4,453) had ESVEA on at least one day. Of the patients with ESVEA, it occurred on one day only in 28% and on all registered days in 18%. The median number of ESVEA positive days was 4 (IQR 1-12). On the first monitoring day, 20% were ESVEA positive, resulting in a sensitivity of 44.64% and a negative predictive value of 68.84% of a single day measurement of ESVEA. Conclusions ESVEA occurs in almost half of an MCT population, but less than half of the patients with any occurrence of ESVEA are detected on the first monitored day. Reliable diagnosis of supraventricular ectopy requires longer monitoring durations.

Railway track monitoring using drones

In recent times, the use of drones to monitor various types of transportation lines has attracted more attention. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have a number of potential benefits over manual methods for inspecting transportation lines due to its permit scalable, quick, and affordable solutions to tasks that would otherwise be unsuitable for individuals who are subject to fatigue and measurement uncertainty. Therefore, the current study investigates the use of drones in image processing, early warning and situation assessment in the transportation sector. Due to their ability to capture aerial images in extremely high resolution at a low cost and while also covering large areas, drones are a very important source of visual data. The main goal of this work is to collect and analyse drone-shot images using MATLAB software in order to locate the line’s fault and take the necessary corrective action to prevent accidents and save lives. The results of the current work concluded that the using of aerial image processing is very effective to increase and maximize the capacities of the transportation lines. Moreover, it gives more safety for the lines. UAV can survey and take pictures of the railway line for a distance of about 8.4 km in one hour, whereas a worker would need a full day to cover the same distance (a worker scans a distance of 7 km per day), so it saved time and effort.

Participatory development of a home-based depression care model with lived experience older Nigerians and their caregivers: A theory of change.

There is a huge treatment gap for late-life depression in sub-Saharan Africa. Building on prior work to scale-up mental healthcare with the aid of the WHO Mental Health Gap Action Programme Intervention Guide electronic version (emhGAP-IG), this study aims to involve older people in the iterative development of innovations to overcome challenges in the detection and clinical management of late-life depression by frontline non-specialist primary healthcare workers (PHCW) in Nigeria. There were 43 participants in the study. We conducted formative qualitative research using 15 in-depth key informant interviews with persons who were 60years or older and had a recent experience of depression. We also conducted two focus group discussions comprising 13 of their caregivers. Through a full day stakeholders workshop comprising 15 participants, we drew on the results of our qualitative explorations to identify the pathway to impact of an intervention package (emhGAP-Age) appropriate for the specific needs of persons with late-life depression in Nigeria. A Theory of Change (ToC) map was produced. It highlights the expected long-term outcomes of emhGAP-Age to include the potential for improvement of the mental health and wellbeing of older people living in Nigeria and the generation of interest among governmental agencies concerned with policy and planning for mental healthcare. Key resources that serve as preconditions were identified to consist of the availability of PHCW who are skilled in the identification and treatment of depression and have interest in and commitment to providing care to older people. Required community resources include support from immediate family, neighbours, and informal groups. Interventions that are appropriate for depression in old age need to incorporate these community resources and address not only the symptoms of the condition but also comorbid physical health problems. A participatory ToC process led to the identification of the key components of an age-appropriate version of the emhGAP-IG for delivering care to older persons with depression by PHCW in Nigeria.

The Evolution of Work from Home

Full days worked at home account for 28 percent of paid workdays among Americans 20–64 years old, as of mid-2023. That’s about four times the 2019 rate and ten times the rate in the mid-1990s. We first explain why the big shift to work from home has endured rather than reverting to prepandemic levels. We then consider how work-from-home rates vary by worker age, sex, education, parental status, industry and local population density, and why it is higher in the United States than other countries. We also discuss some implications for pay, productivity, and the pace of innovation. Over the next five years, US business executives anticipate modest increases in work-from-home rates at their own companies. Other factors that portend an enduring shift to work from home include the ongoing adaptation of managerial practices and further advances in technologies, products, and tools that support remote work.

A106‘FY1 for a day’ an immersive programme to prepare final year medical students for foundation training

Final year medical students are often anxious about commencing foundation training and feel underprepared for the practical responsibilities they are expected to conduct independently [1]. Consequently, a full day programme was created to facilitate immersive simulation of a typical working day of a Foundation Year 1 (FY1) doctor. Aim: To provide an enriching programme empowering final year medical students to experience the practical aspects of foundation training (including areas of expressed difficulty), whilst creating a safe and realistic learning environment and providing opportunities for interprofessional learning and near-peer teaching. Junior doctors from FY1s to Medical Registrars delivered the programme’s content. In the morning, three interprofessional simulation scenarios were delivered to the medical students and included nursing students for added realism. Each scenario reflected common ward-based and acute-setting situations that had minimal coverage in their undergraduate curricula. Afternoon stations were created to attenuate the medical students’ anxieties about the aspects of foundation training they perceived as difficult. Using a simulated ward, a mock handover was conducted. Students were then expected to complete the tasks of death verification, complex prescribing and female catheterization. The other stations simulated interpreting blood results, discussions with a microbiologist and requesting and discussing radiological imaging. During completion of all stations, the medical students carried and answered a bleep mimicking realistic distractions. Morning and afternoon debriefing occurred in small groups. Following programme completion, all the medical students ( ‘FY1 for a day’ is an effective and sustainable educational programme to potently prepare final year medical students for their foundation training whilst safeguarding psychological safety and fortifying multidisciplinary relationships. Authors confirm that all relevant ethical standards for research conduct and dissemination have been met. The submitting author confirms that relevant ethical approval was granted, if applicable.

Implementation of Full Day School in Cultivating The Religious Character of Students at SDN Sabang City and SMPN Sabang City

The implementation of full-day school is an alternative program to foster the religious character of students because full-day school means that students are at school from 07:15 AM to 4:30 PM or after the Asr prayer. Religious character is essential for students to face changing times and moral degradation. In this context, students are expected to possess and behave according to the standards of good and bad based on religious teachings and principles. The purpose of this research is to investigate how the implementation of full-day school fosters the religious character of students at SDN Sabang City and SMPN Sabang City. This research uses a qualitative approach with descriptive research type. Data collection techniques include observation, interviews, and documentation. The data analysis technique used is qualitative descriptive analysis, involving data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. Based on the research findings, it was found that: 1) The full-day school program for fostering students' religious character includes activities such as congregational prayers (Dhuha, Dhuhr, Asr), Quran reading, Quran memorization (Tahfiz), remembrance (morning and evening), and supplication. 2) The strategies for implementing full-day school to foster students' religious character are integrated through various means, including learning activities, Diniyah class activities, extracurricular activities, and habituation activities. 3) Several challenges in the implementation of full-day school to foster students' religious character, including Educational orientation that still prioritizes cognitive aspects, Lack of awareness and motivation among students to initiate activities on their own, Insufficient supervision and support from parents and the surrounding environment, Influence of culture and customs outside of school or the local environment, Insufficient facilities and infrastructure, especially in SDN 6 Sabang City.

Implementation of Full Day School in Cultivating The Religious Character of Students at SDN Sabang City and SMPN Sabang City

The implementation of full-day school is an alternative program to foster the religious character of students because full-day school means that students are at school from 07:15 AM to 4:30 PM or after the Asr prayer. Religious character is essential for students to face changing times and moral degradation. In this context, students are expected to possess and behave according to the standards of good and bad based on religious teachings and principles. The purpose of this research is to investigate how the implementation of full-day school fosters the religious character of students at SDN Sabang City and SMPN Sabang City. This research uses a qualitative approach with descriptive research type. Data collection techniques include observation, interviews, and documentation. The data analysis technique used is qualitative descriptive analysis, involving data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. Based on the research findings, it was found that: 1) The full-day school program for fostering students' religious character includes activities such as congregational prayers (Dhuha, Dhuhr, Asr), Quran reading, Quran memorization (Tahfiz), remembrance (morning and evening), and supplication. 2) The strategies for implementing full-day school to foster students' religious character are integrated through various means, including learning activities, Diniyah class activities, extracurricular activities, and habituation activities. 3) Several challenges in the implementation of full-day school to foster students' religious character, including Educational orientation that still prioritizes cognitive aspects, Lack of awareness and motivation among students to initiate activities on their own, Insufficient supervision and support from parents and the surrounding environment, Influence of culture and customs outside of school or the local environment, Insufficient facilities and infrastructure, especially in SDN 6 Sabang City.

High power and energy density of a wavy PCM unit embedded in a solar air heater utilizing fractional porous media

This experimental and numerical investigation presents the optimization of a wavy PCM unit to obtain high power and energy density with and without porous media for solar air heater applications at low ambient temperature (12oC≤Ta≤24oC). Hence, paraffin wax as a thermal energy storage material and wire mesh as a porous media are selected in this investigation. The effect of the fractional porous region (25%≤ψ≤100%) and porosity (94%≤ϕ≤100%) of the PCM unit is investigated to obtain desired power and energy density. The obtained numerical results revealed that the porous fraction region (ψ) of 50% and porosity (ϕ) of 96% are the optimum value in wavy PCM unit to obtain high power and energy density. As an extension of this work, the optimized thermal energy storage unit is further utilized in an impinging jet solar air heater design to obtain instant and long thermal backups and, consequently, outlet air at high temperature. The wavy PCM unit embedded impinging jet solar air heater is experimentally investigated under outdoor conditions for two cases; viz, to obtain instant and long thermal backups. To obtain instant and long thermal backups, a full day and alternative operations are conducted. Whereas, in case of alternative operation, charging of the PCM unit is only done up to the maximum sunshine hour of the day and solar air heater is operated during the night to utilize stored thermal energy at high power and energy density to deliver outlet air at high temperature for the long duration. Moreover, the experimental results revealed a maximum outlet air temperature of 59°C at 0.01 kg/s and a significant thermal energy backup up to 5 h at an outlet air temperature gain of ≥ 5°C. The economic analysis is also conducted for the solar air heater design and the operating cost is obtained as 0.02 INR/kWh at the optimum condition.

MANAJEMEN KEPALA SEKOLAH DALAM PEMBENTUKAN KARAKTER RELIGIUS, DISIPLIN, DAN KREATIF PADA PESERTA DIDIK SMK FULL DAY SUNAN AMPEL BANGOREJO BANYUWANGI

Management must be based on the representation of leaders to carry it out in developing character education, especially religious, disciplined and creative. Leaders are only a small number of individuals who are considered to have the right things to serve and can be called leaders. Naturally, the individual has the mental, emotional, and physical capacity to think and act as a leader. The objectives of this research are to 1). understand the principal's management in forming religious, disciplined and creative character in Sunan Ampel Full Day Vocational School students. 2). To find out the factors that influence the principal's management in forming religious, disciplined and creative character in Sunan Ampel Full Day Vocational School students. The approach in this research is qualitative with a qualitative descriptive research type. Data collection techniques using interviews, observation and documentation. Data validity by triangulating sources, methods and investigations as well as data analysis using the interaction of Miles and Hubberman's 3 models including: 1. data reduction, 2. data presentation, 3. drawing conclusions. The results of this research show that: (1) The management of the principal in forming religious, disciplined and creative character at Full Day Vocational School Sunan Ampel Bangorejo Banyuwangi, the strategy used in religious character uses habituation, and examples are given from the principal with the teacher council, then the participants learn to follow it. (2) Supporting factors for school principal management in the formation of religious, disciplined and creative character are control from the teacher council, as well as support from the community. The inhibiting factor for the school is that it requires extra energy to deal with students who have different characters and dispositions.

Implementing Action Research in Physical Education: A Guide for Physical Educators

The responsibilities of a general physical educator can be challenging and at times overwhelming. Whether teaching a full day of general physical education, or inclusive physical education classes that include a student or multiple students with disabilities, the expectation is that all students will be provided age and developmentally appropriate curriculum based on continuous data collection and reflection. Adams et al. (in-press) identified an action research model for physical educators that encompasses the following teaching behaviors: (a) observation, (b) data collection, (c) designing interventions, (d) analyzing data, (e) reporting data, and (f) reflection of data. The purpose of this article is to demonstrate how this action research model can be easily and systematically implemented throughout the school year to help determine and support student learning and behavior.

ZTBus: A Large Dataset of Time-Resolved City Bus Driving Missions

This paper presents the Zurich Transit Bus (ZTBus) dataset, which consists of data recorded during driving missions of electric city buses in Zurich, Switzerland. The data was collected over several years on two trolley buses as part of multiple research projects. It involves more than a thousand missions across all seasons, each mission usually covering a full day of operation. The ZTBus dataset contains detailed information on the vehicle’s power demand, propulsion system, odometry, global position, ambient temperature, door openings, number of passengers, dispatch patterns within the public transportation network, etc. All signals are synchronized in time and include an absolute timestamp in tabular form. The dataset can be used as a foundation for a variety of studies and analyses. For example, the data can serve as a basis for simulations to estimate the performance of different public transit vehicle types, or to evaluate and optimize control strategies of hybrid electric vehicles. Furthermore, numerous influencing factors on vehicle operation, such as traffic, passenger volume, etc., can be analyzed in detail.

OR34-05 Second Phase Insulin Secretion Varies By Time Of Day And Body Mass Index

Abstract Disclosure: S. Naaman: None. S. Sintetas: None. E. Van Cauter: None. E.C. Hanlon: None. Diurnal variation in insulin secretion (ISR) is documented in healthy adults with and without obesity. However, in previous studies, the caloric content of meals varied across the day or the analysis focused solely on morning versus evening differences. It remains unclear if dietary intake timing is associated with metabolic response differences to the same dietary challenge if presented across a full day in individuals categorized as lean (L), with overweight (OW) or obesity (OB). Thus, we examined ISR following consumption of identical meals, equally spaced across the day, in a lab setting with controlled sleep and energy expenditure. Our study included 74 individuals; 41 lean (19 women), 14 overweight (4 women), and 19 obese (14 women). Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), a known confounder of glucose metabolism, was an exclusion criterion. Mean age between groups was similar (L, 25.2 ± 5.3yrs vs OW, 27.0 ± 6.6yrs vs OB, 32.2 ± 7.6yrs). BMI was 38 ± 5.9 kg/m2 in the OB, 27 ± 1.2 kg/m2 in the OW, vs 22 ± 1.8 kg/m2 in the L groups, respectively (p < 0.0001). We collected blood samples continuously at regular intervals over a 24hr period in which participants ate isocaloric identical high carbohydrate meals (20% fat, 68% carbohydrate, 12% protein) at 0900, 1400, and 1900; each meal was 33% of total caloric intake. Serum C-peptide was measured using high-sensitivity chemiluminescence assays (Immulite). ISR was derived from plasma C-peptide levels by mathematical deconvolution using a two-compartment model for C-peptide clearance. Each profile was expressed as a percentage of individual 24hr mean ISR to examine the profile wave shape independently of individual differences in mean ISR. We examined 2 phases of ISR following meal ingestion; 1st phase (AUC, 0 - 1.5hrs) and 2nd phase (AUC, 1.5hrs - 3.5hrs). The profiles were analyzed with ANOVA for repeated measures with participants as a random factor and mealtime, group (L, OW, OB), and interaction “mealtime by group” as fixed effects. Despite 3 equally spaced identical meals, significant differences emerged. Irrespective of BMI, 1st phase relative ISR was similar across breakfast, lunch and dinner. Second phase relative ISR, however, revealed significant time of day effects; with midday eliciting the highest relative ISR for all groups (p = 0.0002). Significant time x group effects emerged in the 2nd phase such that relative ISR varied across the day, differently for each group (p < 0.0001). Specifically, 2nd phase relative ISR was lowest following dinner in those with obesity. This is the first study to compare 24hr profiles of ISR in healthy individuals at multiple BMI ranges, without OSA, in an experimental setting of 3 equally spaced identical meals. These findings imply that the midday meal elicits the highest ISRs, irrespective of BMI. Further, BMI impacts ISR across the day in response to identical meals. These findings have implications for obesity management. Presentation: Sunday, June 18, 2023

THU188 Clinical Conundrum: Salt Wasting Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia With Paradoxical High Cortisol

Abstract Disclosure: C. Pillai: None. Background: Salt wasting congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is a severe life-threatening condition and thus a cannot miss diagnosis. In salt wasting CAH, cortisol is generally very low. An ACTH stimulation test is often used to diagnose adrenal insufficiency and initiate life-saving hydrocortisone therapy. Clinical Case: I present a case of a male infant who was found to have salt-wasting CAH crisis despite a paradoxically high serum cortisol. He had an abnormal newborn screen for CAH. He was sent to the ER for reportedly high 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP). Endocrine was consulted and a serum 17-OHP, ACTH and cortisol level was requested. He was an incredibly difficult patient to collect blood work and after multiple attempts only a serum cortisol was collected. He was admitted for an ACTH stimulation test to rule out salt wasting CAH. His physical exam was unremarkable with male external genitalia with descended prepubertal testes. His cortisol from the ER resulted at 36.5 mcg/dL without any steroid administration in the morning. Family refused to do any additional blood work in the morning. Even anesthesiology was not able to collect the requested labs. The ACTH stimulation test was canceled, and he was discharged with close follow-up in 1 week. The state newborn screen department called and reported his initial 17-OHP was undetectably high. He was seen the same day and his BMP showed clear signs of salt wasting. His serum sodium was 131 mmol/L and potassium was 7.2 mmol/L. He was admitted for a salt wasting crisis and responded well to hydrocortisone and fludrocortisone. Serum sodium and potassium normalized. Blood draw issues continued and only BMP were collected during the hospitalization. 17-OHP after several days of therapy was 3270 ng/dl. 17-OHP, sodium and potassium have normalized on therapy. Genetic testing is pending. Conclusions: By reporting this case, I draw attention to the possibility that high levels of cortisol do not definitely rule out salt-wasting CAH. Reference Ranges: NA 132 - 145 mmol/L K 3.0 - 6.0 mmol/L Cortisol: 1.7 - 14.0 ug/dL 17 OHP:INTERPRETIVE INFORMATION for 17-Hydroxyprogesterone in premature and normal male infants: Premature (26 to 28 weeks) 124 to 841 ng/dL Premature (29 to 35 weeks) 26 to 568 ng/dL Full term Day 3 7 to 77 ng/dL 4 days to 2 months Less than 200 ng/dL. Presentation: Thursday, June 15, 2023

President’s Column with Terry Palisch: Creating Our Energy Future (October 2023)

_ In this podcast episode and transcript, Terry Palisch shares his thoughts about how SPE and its members fit into the energy transition and what it means for our energy future. _ Welcome to the Society of Petroleum Engineers podcast with the 2024 SPE President Terry Palisch. I’m Paige McCown, senior manager of communication and energy education at SPE. Today I will be talking with Terry about his thoughts on how SPE and its members fit into the energy transition and what it means for our energy future. Before we dig into the topic today, I know SPE has a board meeting this month at the Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition (ATCE) in San Antonio. Can you tell us a bit more about the goals for this meeting? _ Let me start by talking about the format. The board meets officially meets four times a year, including once a year at ATCE. We meet twice a year at strategically planned locations chosen by the president and then we meet once virtually in January. We look to support the region or the section and local companies. This spring we were in Dhahran, Saudi Arabia, and then Kuala Lumpur this summer. That was the first time we visited the Middle East and Asia Pacific in several years, so getting back to those regions and meeting with local leaders was important. As far as the goals for the meetings, we typically have 2 full days of committee meetings. We have some minor committees as well as two primary committees: technical content, and membership and engagement. The goal is to work with senior staff to see how we are performing relative to our strategies, setting strategies, and understanding where we are headed. When we met in Kuala Lumpur in July, our two primary committees spent at least half of the time discussing the new strategic plan and developing action items to help make sure that we continue to meet our members’ and our constituencies’ needs. For example, and we’ll be talking about it again at the meeting at ATCE in San Antonio, the technical content committee’s primary questions are how do we continue to evolve our event formats and how do we stay up to date and implement new technologies so that we can continue to meet our attendees’, exhibitors’, and sponsors’ expectations and provide value. We have a workgroup in place to answer this, but overall, it’s a fairly intense 3 days of meetings along with meetings with local companies and local leaders.

ICER 2023 Recap

The first hybrid North American ICER was held in Chicago, Illinois, USA, from August 7-11, 2023. A total of 194 participants attended ICER, including 172 physically and 22 virtually. Attendance was roughly split between students and professionals, with over 100 professionals and over 80 students. The program consisted of three full days due to a record number of papers, lightning talks, and poster sessions. This represented a more than 50% increase in the number of each type compared with last year.

Reactivity control optimization of boron-free small modular pressurized water reactor with helical-cruciform metallic fuel

Small modular pressurized water reactors have the advantages of small size, modularity, inherent and passive safety, and flexible power generation for a wider range of users and applications. Helical-cruciform metallic fuel has the potential to be applied to small modular pressurized water reactors capable of its axial self-spacing plane, high power density, increasing heat transfer area, and extending the cycle length. A novel boron-free small modular pressurized water reactor NETH-HCF175M design using helical-cruciform metallic fuel is proposed in this paper. The reactivity of the core is completely controlled by burnable absorbers and control rods. Two different geometric structures of separate pins and integral pins are researched. Results indicate that Gd2O3 is a suitable neutron absorbing candidate, while Er shows the best reactivity control effect in the integral pin structure. The separate pin structure with Gd2O3 is selected as the burnable absorber design and the core depletion result shows that the core can achieve a cycle length of about 1360 effective full power days. Control rods are divided into 60 compensating rods and 60 shutdown rods for excess reactivity controlling and shutting the core. The genetic algorithm is applied to the optimization work of layout and concentration design for burnable absorbers and layout of compensating rods. Based on the optimized burnable absorbers and compensating rod designs, excess reactivity can be controlled and the core can achieve criticality at beginning of cycle. The core can be transitioned from hot full power to cold zero power with shutdown rods at BOC, which obtains a shutdown margin more than 3000 pcm. Finally, the physical characteristics of core are analyzed, including depletion simulation, pin power distribution, and reactivity equilibrium. This paper provides an overview and information practical for the reactivity control design of novel SMPWR with high-enrichment and geometric complex helical-cruciform metallic fuel.

Diurnal migration patterns in willow warblers differ between the western and eastern flyways

It is a long-standing view that the main mechanism maintaining narrow migratory divides in passerines is the selection against intermediate and suboptimal migratory direction, but empirical proof of this is still lacking. We present novel results from a willow warbler migratory divide in central Sweden from where birds take the typical SW and SE as well as intermediate routes to winter quarters in Africa. We hypothesized that individuals that take the intermediate route are forced to migrate in daytime more often when crossing wide ecological barriers than birds that follow the typical western or eastern flyways. Analyses of geolocator tracks of willow warblers breeding across the entire Sweden, including the migratory divide, provided no support for our hypothesis. Instead, birds that migrated along the western flyway were the most likely to undertake full day flights. The probability of migrating for a full day when crossing major barriers declined linearly from west to east. We speculate that this difference is possibly caused by more challenging conditions in the western part of the Sahara Desert, such as the lack of suitable day-time roost sites. However, it may equally likely be that willow warblers benefit from migrating in daytime if favorable tailwinds offer assistance.

Learning to empathize with users through design thinking in hybrid mode: Insights from two educational case studies

COVID-19 has imposed new educational challenges, including the need to prepare students to the new era of hybrid work. This research aimed to shed new light on the manner in which students learn and practice hybrid work in educational settings. To this end, two educational studies were performed, for examining students practicing design thinking (DT) in hybrid mode and the development of their empathy skills during this experience. The main case study was conducted in an academic hackathon-like course, where students addressed loneliness-related challenges during four full days using a configured web platform. In a follow-up case study, the adaptability of this approach to small-scale settings of a 90-minute DT workshop was explored. The students filled in questionnaires, which examined their empathy development in three dimensions: Skill, Orientation, and Being. The findings show the benefits of the web platform and the extent to which these academic educational programs fostered empathy and innovation and highlights the challenges, opportunities, and benefits of fostering new educational programs that allow hybrid participation, involving external stakeholders, and guide the students to handle real challenges. Such hybrid academic programs can prepare students for the hybrid, multidisciplinary work reality towards developing human-centered solutions.