Fuel Gas Turbine Research Articles

Review of The Impact Of Hydrogen-Containing Fuels On Gas Turbine Hot-Section Materials

Abstract In an effort to achieve worldwide decarbonization goals, a range of low-carbon fuels is being proposed for use in power-generation gas turbines. Two promising fuels are hydrogen and ammonia, which do not produce any CO2 upon combustion. While the use cases of these fuels differ, each has the potential to reduce the carbon intensity of power generation as compared to the current use of natural gas and fuel oil. Many studies have considered the impact that these fuels will have on combustion stability and emissions, as well as other practical considerations like balance of plant. However, potential challenges for the material systems in these engines, particularly high-temperature metal alloys and coatings, have not been sufficiently considered in preparation for the introduction of these fuels. The goal of this paper is to provide a review of the potential material issues associated with implementation of these hydrogen-containing fuels, with a focus on materials in the hot section of existing power-generation gas turbines. To date, relatively little research has considered these material issues at realistic gas turbine conditions, resulting in a need for new research. This paper provides a review of the literature, first-order analyses of the magnitude of potential issues, and avenues for research to facilitate the safe and reliable introduction of these fuels in power-generation gas turbines.

Regional and seasonal impact of hydrogen propulsion systems on potential contrail cirrus cover

The decarbonization of air transportation requires novel propulsion concepts in order to replace fossil kerosene powered gas turbines. Within various options, H2 based propulsion is one of the most promising candidates, at least for regional and short haul routes. However, despite the potential to reduce CO2 emissions to zero, those aircraft can still have a significant climate impact due to increased contrail formation caused by higher water emission when using H2 as a propellant. In order to understand potential changes in the climate impact of H2 powered air traffic, it is crucial to evaluate how the potential for contrail formation and the potential contrail cirrus cover would change under representative atmospheric conditions. To this end, we developed a tool which uses several years of meteorological reanalysis data (ERA-5 and MERRA-2) in combination with contrail formation conditions adjusted to H2 gas turbine and H2 Fuel Cell propulsion in order to investigate their regional and seasonal variation. Contrail formation conditions for three different propulsion settings (kerosene gas turbine, H2 gas turbine and H2 fuel cell) are calculated to obtain global statistics of potential contrail cover and potential contrail cirrus cover over 12 years. For H2 based propulsion contrails are more likely to form due to the increased water vapor emission. However, this does not necessarily translate into the climatically relevant potential for contrail cirrus formation. Focusing on three hot spots of regional air traffic, we find that the difference between kerosene and H2 scenarios has a strong systematic dependency on season, altitude and latitude. Maximum differences in potential contrail cirrus cover are found in the transition region from typically no-contrail to contrail forming conditions at a potential contrail cover around 50%. In contrast, less to no difference in potential contrail cirrus cover is found at very high (close to 100%) or rather low potential contrail cover. This study demonstrates, that the question whether H2 powered air traffic produces more climate relevant contrail cirrus can not be parameterized by a simple factor but rather strongly depends on the propulsion type, season, region and flight altitude.

A novel PEMFC-GT-ST power generation system employing supercritical water gasification of coal for enhanced hydrogen production

This study presents an innovative coal-fired power generation system that integrates a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC), Gas Turbine (GT), and Steam Turbine (ST) with a supercritical water gasification (SCWG) process designed to efficiently convert coal into hydrogen. A pivotal feature of this system is the first-time integration of advanced two-step SCWG technology with PEMFC, which significantly boosts hydrogen yield, thereby elevating overall efficiency. By effectively addressing the thermodynamic limitations of the Carnot cycle, the proposed system achieves an impressive coal-to-electricity conversion efficiency of 51.61%. Economic viability is demonstrated through a competitive levelized cost of energy (LCOE) of $0.052 per kWh and a rapid payback period of approximately 2.87 years. Furthermore, the study analyzes the impact of various operational parameters—such as coal feed capacity, water-to-coal ratio, operating temperatures of the PEMFC, fuel utilization rates, airflow, and hydrogen bypass flow—on system performance. The findings not only advance the efficiency of coal-to-electricity conversion but also contribute valuable insights to the evolution of sustainable coal-fueled power generation technologies.

Development of a Method for Shape Optimization for a Gas Turbine Fuel Injector Design Using Metal-Additive Manufacturing

Abstract Adjoint shape optimization has enabled physics-based optimal designs for aerodynamic surfaces. Additive manufacturing (AM) makes it possible to manufacture complex shapes. However, there has been a gap between optimal and manufacturable surfaces due to the inherent limitations of commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) codes to implement geometric constraints during adjoint computation. In such cases, the design sensitivities are exported and used to perform constrained shape modifications using parametric information stored in computer aided design (CAD) files to satisfy manufacturability constraints. However, modifying the design using adjoint methods in CFD solvers and performing constrained shape modification in CAD can lead to inconsistencies due to different shape parameterization schemes. This paper describes a method to enable the simultaneous optimization of the fluid domain and impose AM manufacturability constraints, resolving one of the key issues of geometry definition for isogeometric analysis. Similar to a grid convergence study, the proposed method verifies the consistencies between shape parameterization techniques present within commercial CAD and CFD software during mesh movement as a part of the adjoint shape optimization routine. By identifying the appropriate parameters essential to a shape optimization study, the error metric between the different parameterization techniques converges to demonstrate sufficient consistencies for justifiable exchange of data between CAD and CFD. For the identified shape optimization parameters, the error metric to measure the deviation between the two parameterization schemes lies within the AM laser-powder bed fusion (L-PBF) process tolerance. Additionally, comparison for subsequent objective function calculations between iterations of the optimization loop showed acceptable differences within 1% variation between the modified geometries obtained using the two parameterization schemes. This method provides justification for the use of multiphysics guided adjoint design sensitivities computed in CFD software to perform shape modifications in CAD to incorporate AM manufacturability constraints during the shape optimization loop such that optimal designs are also additively manufacturable.

Impact of Diluents on Flame Stability With Blends of Natural Gas and Hydrogen

Abstract Two potential decarbonization pathways for natural gas (NG)-fueled gas turbine engines include blending hydrogen (H2) into NG and postcombustion carbon capture. H2 blending changes several combustion properties, including flame speed and stretch sensitivity. The use of post-combustion carbon capture systems is typically facilitated by the implementation of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), where exhaust gases are injected into the inlet of the engine, increasing carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration at the outlet and, hence, increasing the efficiency of carbon capture technologies. In this work, we explore the impact of H2 blending and EGR on the stability of a swirl-stabilized, central-piloted flame. Mixtures of NG and H2 are tested at a range of different diluent compositions, with oxygen varied from 21% to 15% by volume in the oxidizer. In all cases, a constant adiabatic flame temperature is maintained to mimic the operation of a gas turbine at a given turbine inlet temperature. A variable-length combustor is used for testing, where combustor length is varied to understand the dynamic stability characteristics of the system. Results show that EGR and H2 work in opposition to each other, where higher levels of EGR result in poor flame holding and higher levels of H2 result in better flame holding. Increasing H2 generally increases the amplitude of thermoacoustic instability at each condition, a result of the change in flame position in this particular combustor. Importantly, H2 can be added to NG to improve flame holding without significantly decreasing CO2 levels in the products, showing that H2 blending can be a method for counteracting combustor operability issues that arise from high levels of EGR necessary to improve the efficiency of typical carbon capture systems.

Deep learning-based source term estimation of hydrogen leakages from a hydrogen fueled gas turbine

Hydrogen fueled gas turbine is an efficient and environmentally friendly energy conversion equipment. However, it is prone to gas leakages from corrosion-prone components and pipe connections. In order to address gas leakage problems, source term estimation (STE) can be applied to estimate the location and intensity of the leakage sources. Traditional STE methods are based on an optimization procedure using an atmospheric transport and dispersion model, which requires considerable computation efforts and cannot meet the need of real-time implementation. The complex flow field around the gas turbine, the possible existence of multiple leakage sources, and the high-dimensional time series data further increase the difficulty of the STE problem. To address these challenges, in the present study, a deep learning based STE approach is proposed. The basic idea is to use long short-term memory auto-encoder (LSTM-AE) network to extract the encoded features of multi-sensor data and then use a deep neural network (NN) to establish the relationship between the encoded features and the source term parameters of hydrogen leakages. The multi-sensor data are generated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis to simulate relevant hydrogen leakage scenarios of concern. The results show that compared with other machine learning algorithms, the proposed approach has an overall best performance in terms of the STE accuracy. Specifically, its hydrogen leakage source localization accuracy is 0.9798, and the leakage strength estimation R-squared (R2) can reach 0.9632. When the training data proportion is only 20–30%, the proposed approach can still perform well, indicating the ability of the model to effectively predict the location and strength of the leakage source even with relatively less training data.

Techno-Economic and Environmental Analysis of a Hybrid Power System Formed From Solid Oxide Fuel Cell, Gas Turbine, and Organic Rankine Cycle

Abstract Distributed energy technology is an essential pathway for future advancements in the field of energy technology. In the present study, organic Rankine cycle (ORC) is integrated with solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC)-gas turbine (GT) hybrid power system. The conventional metrics employed for assessing the performance of SOFCs, gas turbines, and organic Rankine cycles, such as voltage and gross real efficiencies, have some limitations as indices of merit. Contemporary second law concepts and economic and environmental analysis have been used to enhance hybrid power system evaluation. R1233zd(E) has been selected as the ORC working fluid. The outcomes reveal that, under certain conditions, the present configuration may reach 55.67% energy efficiency and 53.55% exergy efficiency. Economic and environmental analysis shows that the hybrid system's total cost rate and Emissions of CO2 gas (EMI) under design conditions are 36.09 $/h and 355.8 kg/MWh, respectively. Thermodynamic evaluation of present SOFC-GT-ORC configuration shows 11.72% improvement in exergy efficiency compared to hybrid SOFC-GT cycle. Consequently, the hybrid SOFC-GT-ORC system is far better than the hybrid SOFC-GT system. In the future, other ORC fluids like R123, R601a, and R245fa can be used as ORC fluids.

The Effect of Film Development on Primary Breakup in a Prefilming Airblast Atomizer

Abstract Liquid fueled gas turbines are likely to remain a dominant force in aviation propulsion for the foreseeable future, and therefore understanding the atomization process is key to meeting future emissions and performance legislation. To make experiments and simulations possible, simplified geometry and boundary conditions are often used, for example, simulations of primary atomization often use a fixed film height and velocity. This paper aims to quantify the effect of a fully developed unsteady film on the atomization process. A custom Coupled Level Set & Volume of Fluid (CLSVOF) solver with adaptive meshing built in OpenFOAM v9 is used. A simulation of the atomization process in the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology atomization experiment (Warncke et al., 2017, “Experimental and Numerical Investigation of the Primary Breakup of an Airblasted Liquid Sheet,” Int. J. Multiphase Flow, 91, pp. 208–224) is presented. A precursor simulation of the film development is used to provide accurate, temporally and spatially resolved inlet boundary conditions. These results are compared to previous CLSVOF simulations from Wetherell et al. (2020, “Coupled Level Set Volume of Fluid Simulations of Prefilming Airblast Atomization With Adaptive Meshing,” ASME Paper No. GT2020-14213)” using traditional boundary conditions. The unsteady film has doubled the modal ligament length and widened the distribution, and is now in better agreement with experimental measurements. A clear correlation in both time and space is observed between the film, atomization process, and spray. The sauter mean diameter (SMD) is significantly increased, again giving better agreement with the experiment. A discussion of extracting statistical descriptions of the spray is given, outlining the unfeasible computational cost required to converge droplet diameter distributions and other high order statistics for a case such as this.

Modelling and simulation of hybrid SOFC-GT systems for distributed generation

This paper focuses on the modelling and simulation of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) and Gas Turbine (GT) hybrid systems for Distributed Generation. Independent dynamic models of the main components of the systems have been realized and implemented in the Matlab-Simulink© environment. The models have been used to simulate the behaviour of two plant configurations. Control methodologies have been analyzed and numerical results are provided

Numerical Modeling of Swirl Stabilized Lean-Premixed H2–CH4 Flames With the Artificially Thickened Flame Model

Abstract The lean premixed technology is a very convenient combustion strategy to progressively move from natural gas to high hydrogen content fuels in gas turbines limiting the pollutants emissions at the same time. The enabling process that will allow the combustor to manage a full H2 operation requires relevant design modifications, and in this framework, the numerical modeling will be a pivotal tool that will support this transition. In this work, high-fidelity simulations of perfectly premixed swirl stabilized flames have been performed varying the H2 content in the fuel from 0 to 100% to investigate the effect of the hydrogen addition on the methane flame. The artificially thickened flame model (ATFM) has been used to treat the turbulent chemistry interaction. The numerical results have been compared with the detailed experimental data performed at Cardiff University's Gas Turbine Research Center. After the numerical model validation against experimental OH* chemiluminescence maps has been presented, a deep numerical investigation of the effect of the H2 addition on the flame has been performed. In this way, the work aims to highlight the good prediction capability of the ATFM, and, at the same time, highlight the change in the different contributions that govern the flame reactivity moving from 100% CH4 to 100% H2 in very lean conditions.

Topology characteristics of liquid ammonia swirl spray flame

The utilization of liquid ammonia in gas turbines can reduce energy loss and start-up time. However, the flash boiling phenomenon and the high latent heat of liquid ammonia make the spray flame difficult to stabilize. Increasing the preheated air temperature or adding a small amount of hydrogen as a piloted fuel are considered as effective methods to enhance the stability. To understand the flame topological structure, simultaneous Mie scattering and planar laser-induced fluorescence of OH (OH-PLIF) techniques were used to visualize the liquid ammonia spray structure and flame region information. Results show that the liquid ammonia swirl spray flame exhibits the flame topological structure of distinct zoning characteristics, including the droplet zone, the mixing zone, and the flame zone. Increasing the preheated air temperature accelerates the evaporation of liquid ammonia, leading to an increase in the local equivalence ratio and radial flame splitting. At lower air temperature conditions, increasing the hydrogen blending ratio has minimal impact on the flame topological structure. However, at higher temperature conditions, hydrogen blending significantly promotes reaction intensity upstream and reduces the flame lift-off height, which makes the mixing zone smaller. In general, to achieve a better flame stability effect, the two factors need to be reasonably matched, which has important reference value for the development of liquid ammonia fueled gas turbine combustors.

Exergoeconomic Evaluation of a Cogeneration System Driven by a Natural Gas and Biomass Co-Firing Gas Turbine Combined with a Steam Rankine Cycle, Organic Rankine Cycle, and Absorption Chiller

Considering energy conversion efficiency, pollution emissions, and economic benefits, combining biomass with fossil fuels in power generation facilities is a viable approach to address prevailing energy deficits and environmental challenges. This research aimed to investigate the thermodynamic and exergoeconomic performance of a novel power and cooling cogeneration system based on a natural gas–biomass dual fuel gas turbine (DFGT). In this system, a steam Rankine cycle (SRC), a single-effect absorption chiller (SEAC), and an organic Rankine cycle (ORC) are employed as bottoming cycles for the waste heat cascade utilization of the DFGT. The effects of main operating parameters on the performance criteria are examined, and multi-objective optimization is accomplished with a genetic algorithm using exergy efficiency and the sum unit cost of the product (SUCP) as the objective functions. The results demonstrate the higher energy utilization efficiency of the proposed system with the thermal and exergy efficiencies of 75.69% and 41.76%, respectively, while the SUCP is 13.37 $/GJ. The exergy analysis reveals that the combustion chamber takes the largest proportion of the exergy destruction rate. The parametric analysis shows that the thermal and exergy efficiencies, as well as the SUCP, rise with the increase in the gas turbine inlet temperature or with the decrease in the preheated air temperature. Higher exergy efficiency and lower SUCP could be obtained by increasing the SRC turbine inlet pressure or decreasing the SRC condensation temperature. Finally, optimization results indicate that the system with an optimum solution yields 0.3% higher exergy efficiency and 2.8% lower SUCP compared with the base case.

Pollutant Emissions Reporting and Performance Considerations for Ammonia-Blended Fuels in Gas Turbines

Abstract To limit climate change and promote energy security, there is widespread interest toward transitioning existing fossil fueled combustion systems to sustainable, alternative fuels such as hydrogen (H2) and ammonia (NH3) without negatively impacting air quality. However, quantifying the emission rate of air pollutants such as nitrogen oxides (NOx) is a nuanced process when comparing pollutant emissions across different fuels, as discussed in our paper GT2022-80971 presented last year. That study indicated that the standardized approach for measuring combustion emissions in terms of dry, oxygen-referenced volumetric concentrations (i.e., dry ppmv at the reference O2 concentration (ppmvdr)) inflates reported pollutant emissions by up to 40% for hydrogen combustion relative to natural gas. In this paper, we extend our prior analysis of these so-called “indirect effects” on emissions values to ammonia (NH3) and cracked ammonia (i.e., molecular hydrogen and nitrogen, 3H2 per N2) fuel blends. The results reveal that ppmvdr-based pollutant reporting approaches have a less prominent influence on emissions interpretations for molecular ammonia–methane blends than for hydrogen–methane blends. Nonetheless, we still find that ppmvdr reporting induces up to a 10% relative increase in apparent emissions when comparing 100% NH3 and 100% methane (CH4) fuels at an equal mass-per-work emission rate. Cracking the ammonia is shown to increase this relative bias up to 21% in comparison to a methane system. Further analysis shows how drying, dilution, thermodynamic, and performance effects each influence the relationship between ppmvdr and mass-per-work emissions across the spectrum of fuels and fuel blends. Following discussion of these findings, we conclude that quantifying combustion emissions using ppmvdr is generally inappropriate for emissions comparisons and advise the combustion community to shift toward robust mass-per-energy metrics when quantifying pollutant emissions.

Evaluation of engine characteristics of a micro-gas turbine powered with JETA1 fuel mixed with Afzelia biodiesel and dimethyl ether (DME)

The use of Jet fuels in micro gas turbines results in high fuel consumption and increased gaseous emissions which in turn causes environmental pollution. In this study, a fixed proportion of Afzelia-Africana biodiesel (A) was mixed with dimethyl-ether (B) and Jet A1 (J) fuel of varying proportions, A10B10J80 (10% biodiesel, 10% dimethyl-ether, 80% Jet fuel), A10B15J75 (10% biodiesel, 15% dimethyl-ether, 75% Jet fuel), and A10B20J70 (10% biodiesel, 20% dimethyl-ether, 70% Jet fuel) in a bid to produce a fuel of improved properties. Their properties were compared with those of their pristine forms by testing the fuels in the gas turbine in order to ascertain the resulting engine emissions, thrust and thrust specific fuel consumption. Compared to the JETA1 fuel, the A10B10J80 fuel gave the best results in terms of engine speed, thrust (37 N) and thrust specific fuel consumption (4.3/h vs 5/h); the CO2, NOx, and CO emissions were lower for the blended fuels compared to those of the JET fuel. The A10B15J75 and A10B20J70 fuels gave 3 and 4.5% lower thrusts respectively, while the A10B10J80 fuel gave 3% increase in static thrust with a 14% reduction in its thrust-specific fuel consumption over the JET A1 fuel.

Wall heat loss effect on the emission characteristics of ammonia swirling flames in a model gas turbine combustor

Ammonia (NH3) combustion is regarded as one of the most promising solutions to realize zero CO2 emission. However, its low reactivity, low heat release result in a strong thermal effect (wall heat loss effect) which significantly affects flame macro structure and NOx emission characteristics. In this study, an air film cooling on the swirling combustion chamber was designed to investigate the wall heat loss effect on NOx emission. The flame structure and NO production were measured with the OH-/NO-PLIF techniques. The NOx emission was analyzed by the Gasmet DX4000 Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) gas analyzer. Large eddy simulation was also conducted with detailed chemistry to extend the understanding of the experimental findings. For the current combustion chamber, a larger convection heat loss was obtained when increasing the cooling air flow rate. NO emission shows a decreasing trend with heat loss which is mainly caused by the chemical reactions at near all region. This can be verified by the relatively farther NO profile from the combustor wall. By analyzing the LES results at near all region, the combustion efficiency is decreased due the lower temperature. As a result, NO production from HNO and NH pathway is suppressed due to the local OH decreasing in near-wall region. The larger unburned NH3 in the exhausted gas may also consumes NO by the NO reduction reactions. In comparison, N2O, around 300 times global warming potential than that of CO2, significantly increases as the heat loss increases. This is mainly because that the production of N2O from NO is promoted and N2O decomposition is suppressed within the thermal boundary. This study suggests that N2O might become a more serious emission component in NH3 fueled gas turbines. Furthermore, the heat loss effect on the NOx production should be fully considered when designing the gas turbine combustion chamber with strong wall cooling.

Thermodynamic and emission analysis of a hydrogen/methane fueled gas turbine

Thermodynamic and emission analysis of a hydrogen/methane fueled gas turbine

Investigation on combustion characteristics of acetone-butanol-ethanol/Jet A-1 mixture in a Swirl-stabilized combustor for its potential application in gas turbine engines

The projected growth of the energy demand due to domestic energy security, diversity of fuel supplies, and long-term fuel costs has attracted the scientific community to search for new alternative gas turbine fuels. Alcohol-based fuel could be a potential candidate for alternative fuel. The acetone-butanol-ethanol mixture with existing fossil fuels may be another prospect for alternative fuels that can drive gas turbine engines for clean combustion. However, well-suited alternatives to micro gas turbine fuel are still in the initial stages of growth. At present, the combustion characteristics of Jet A-1, ABE, and their mixtures in a swirl-stabilized combustor have been experimentally investigated. To compare the outcome of these fuels, visualization of true flame images, combustor exit temperature, and exhaust gas emission have been carried out. ABE1J9 has shown a 5 % reduction in pollutant emissions (e.g. CO2, NOx, compared to Jet A-1 whereas a 20 % reduction for the case of ABE3J7 and an almost 25–30 % reduction for the case of ABE5J5 are observed. Overall ABE blended fuel has shown better combustion performance in terms of the flame temperature profile, chemiluminescence, and pollutant emissions.

Thermodynamic, exergoeconomic, and exergoenvironmental analysis of a combined cooling and power system for natural gas-biomass dual fuel gas turbine waste heat recovery

Integrating biomass energy into existing fossil fuel power plants is a practical way to solve the current energy shortages and environmental problems considering system feasibility and economic benefits. In this work, a novel combined cooling and power (CCP) system is proposed for waste heat recovery of a natural gas-biomass dual fuel gas turbine (DFGT) based on the organic Rankine cycle (ORC) and absorption refrigeration cycle (ARC). Comprehensive thermodynamic, exergoeconomic, and exergoenvironmental performance and parametric analysis of this system are performed. Results show that under the design condition, thermal efficiency, exergy efficiency, levelized cost of exergy (LCOE), and levelized environmental impact of exergy (LEIOE) of the system are 68.88%, 42.10%, and 21.16 $/GJ, and 5208.82 mPts/GJ, respectively. Among all the components, combustion chamber has the highest exergy destruction rate. The parametric analysis indicates that the thermal and exergy efficiencies rise by increasing the gas turbine inlet temperature (GTIT) and ORC turbine inlet pressure or by decreasing the preheated air temperature (PAT) and exhaust gas outlet temperature at high-temperature vapor generator. The LCOE and LEIOE present similar trends in most cases, which are most affected by the PAT and GTIT. Finally, a tri-objective optimization is conducted using exergy efficiency, LCOE, and LEIOE as objective functions. Pareto frontier is obtained and the final optimum solution is recommended for engineering practice.

Laser powder bed fusion technique of hydrogen–fueled gas turbine: Role of advanced materials and its challenges

Aviation accounts for 1.9% of greenhouse gas emissions, decarbonization is not straightforward as electrification is not feasible, and biofuels only partially address the issue. Therefore, aero-engine manufacturers are looking towards hydrogen as a clean fuel source as the emissions would majorly be water with no lasting greenhouse gasses. The major challenge with hydrogen-firing engines would be high firing temperatures, corrosive exhaust gasses and adverse reactions with structural components. The design flexibility of additive manufacturing (AM) and advanced materials development, such as high entropy alloys (HEAs) can be combined to produce gas turbines with higher turbine inlet temperatures and power output. This paper discusses the advantages and issues with hydrogen as fuel, the role of AM and advanced materials suitable for hydrogen-firing engines.

Large Eddy Simulations of complex multicomponent swirling spray flames in a realistic gas turbine combustor

Large Eddy Simulations of the realistic liquid fueled gas turbine combustor LOTAR operated at ONERA are performed for two fuels; a conventional JetA-1 and an alternative alcohol to jet fuel At-J, each modeled by a 3-component formulation. JetA-1 is composed of n-dodecane, methyl-cyclohexane and xylene each corresponding to the major hydrocarbon families found in real fuel. At-J is a synthetic drop in fuel composed of only branched chain alkanes, iso-octane, iso-dodecane and iso-hexadecane. Analytically Reduced Chemistry and multicomponent spray evaporation model coupled to the dynamic thickened flame turbulent combustion model are employed to understand the processes involved in turbulent spray flames in the LOTAR configuration. The objectives are to predict and understand the potential effects of staged vaporisation and consumption of the fuel components, and their impact on the spray flame structures. Simulations confirm the role of preferential evaporation in establishing and stabilising the reaction zone. JetA-1 evaporation zones extend deep into the rich burnt gasses resulting in a combustion regime with the possibility of droplet clusters burning individually. At-J which is more volatile, leads to complete combustion with the majority occurring due to the premixed lean reactions of the smaller pyrolysed components. The need to further include models capable of identifying and handling combustion regimes encountered in such spray flames is hence highlighted. This work is intended as a starting point for improving multicomponent spray modelling and requires additional experimental data for validation.