Fuel Supply Process Research Articles

Теоретические исследования процесса топливоподачи газового двигателя

This article is devoted to theoretical studies of the fuel supply process of a gas engine. It examines the main aspects of the functioning of the fuel supply system, the influence of fuel supply parameters on the efficiency of the engine, as well as problems and solutions. The authors analyze various theoretical models, describe the basic principles of fuel injection systems and discuss current trends in the development of this field. The article is intended for specialists in the field of automotive, mechanics and thermal engineering, as well as for anyone interested in modern technologies in the field of motor transport. Theoretical studies of the gas engine fuel supply process are of great importance in the modern automotive industry. The efficiency of a gas engine depends directly on the correct selection of fuel supply parameters, which makes this topic relevant for research and development. The article analyzes in detail various aspects of the fuel supply process, such as fuel dosing, spraying, system pressure, as well as interaction with other engine systems So, the presented article is a valuable contribution to the field of gas engine fuel supply research and can be useful both for specialists involved in the development of gas engines and for a wide range of readers interested in modern technologies and innovations in the field of automotive technology. Keywords: GAS ENGINE, FUEL SUPPLY, FUEL INJECTION SYSTEM, AGROENGINEERING, INNOVATIONS IN THE FUEL SUPPLY SYSTEM, AGROTECHNICS, FUEL SUPPLY PARAMETERS

Оценка нестабильности последовательных впрыскиваний топливной аппаратуры дизелей

The issues of uneven cyclic feed in sequential injections by diesel fuel equipment are considered, which is directly related to solving the problem of ensuring the quality of operation of engines of various types and purposes when operating at low loads and rotational speeds. The special importance of solving these problems from the standpoint of ensuring fuel efficiency, environmental pollution, solving issues of engine reliability and improving their operational properties was noted. The features of the formation of residual fuel pressure in the high-pressure pipeline are revealed. The periodic fluctuations of the cyclic feed and injection parameters from cycle to cycle are estimated. A study of possible options for the operation of fuel equipment in low fuel supply modes has been carried out. Based on the analysis, a criterion for evaluating the instability of successive injection cycles for diesel fuel equipment during its operation in various modes has been introduced. By studying numerical examples, the conditions of unstable fuel supply processes in successive injections of various characteristic modes are determined. The criterion determines the quality of the fuel equipment of marine diesel engines and diesel generators in terms of ensuring a minimum stable idle speed and the possibility of ensuring stable reduced fuel supplies. The variability of fuel supply processes in sequential feeds is the cause of increased exchange processes of electric power flow during parallel operation of diesel alternators and reduces the performance characteristics of diesels for various purposes when operating in partial modes. In the process of carrying out development work, scientific research and during the refinement of diesels, the instability criterion allows us to assess the quality of the fuel equipment precisely in partial modes. This is of particular importance for diesel engines of fishing vessels operating for a long time at shared loading modes and low idle speeds, as well as for engines of the tugboat fleet and auxiliary diesel generator sets of all types of facilities used.

ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЕ ПОЖАРНОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ СЛОЖНЫХ ЭЛЕКТРОННО-УПРАВЛЯЕМЫХ ТЕРМОКАТАЛИТИЧЕСКИХ СИСТЕМ ДВИГАТЕЛЕЙ ВНУТРЕННЕГО СГОРАНИЯ: ТЕОРЕТИЧЕСКИЕ ОСНОВЫ, ДИАГНОСТИРОВАНИЕ

The article is devoted to the theory and practice of diagnosing fire and emergency modes of operation of piston engines with neutralizers as part of vehicles with electronic and digital control of fuel supply processes. The concept of the work is multidisciplinary, updated on the analysis of problems of global environmental sustainability, fundamental and applied research on the kinetics and energy dynamics of the generation of useful and flammable excess heat in engines and neutralizers during the combustion of fuel hydrocarbons. Gorenje The paper proposes a diagnostic method based on instrumental gas analytical control of the exhaust gas composition of a piston engine in the free acceleration mode and the use of multiple regression equations for the relationship of the exhaust gas composition with fuel supply parameters.

Power Control Energy of a Pumping System (Photovoltaic- Diesel)

Abstract Future Algerian agricultural projects are oriented to the Sahara. Knowing that generally electrical energy is supplied largely by Generator Diesel (DGs). Due to the difficulty and lack of land roads for these desert areas, which creates fluctuations in the fuel supply process for farmers. In order to find a solution to mitigate this fluctuation requires the use of modern technology such as the hybridization of local renewable energy such as solar energy. Our system consists of the integration of a photogenerator (PVG) with a DG to feed a synchronous motor coupled to a central water pump controlled by means of transformers. This work presents an intelligent approach for improving and optimizing the control performance of a system using the Fuzzy Logic Control (FLC) based maximum power point tracking (MPPT) method. In this article, we will analyze a contribution to the use of a hybrid energy system (PVG-DG) according to a management strategy whose purpose is to reduce energy costs and reduce the emission of greenhouse gases (CO2). Our simulation results presented at the end of the article have demonstrated the efficiency and flexibility of the Matlab simulated techniques system based on the actual geographic information of the study area to validate the performance of the proposed system. Which can be used in other practical studies in the future.

Способы расчета нагрева топлива при впрыскивании в дизельных двигателях с давлением до 400 МПа

The study is driven by the trend of the rapidly growing injection pressure in diesel and gasoline engines with fuel injection into the combustion chamber. Experimental results were obtained by pouring fuel through a model nozzle and through the electrohydraulic diesel injectors. The paper describes reasons for the fuel significant heating at the injection and proposes its mathematical substantiation. For different tasks and fuels, three methods for the heating calculation during fuel injection at the ultra-high pressures were demonstrated. It was revealed that most important was fuel heating by the Joule-Thomson effect in the injector nozzle. Due to action of several heat release factors, fuel temperature could reach 240...260°C at the injection pressure of 350...400 MPa. The paper proposes most convenient relationships for computational analysis of the thermal conditions of the fuel supply process. Fuel heating assessment makes it possible to find the boundary conditions for calculating the intra-cylinder processes and the fuel outflow crisis at the ultra-high pressures.

Experimental study on the transient supply consistency for a common rail pump based on impedance theory

Common rail (CR) fuel pumps are characterized by pulsating supply, and instantaneous flow ripple is the main reason for the variation in supply consistency. To analyze the transient supply consistency of CR pump, a test bench for transient supply performance was originally designed and established. The potential effects exerted by pump speed and operating pressure on the pressure ripple were obtained under different fuel metering valve (FMV) openings. On this basis, an approach for the calculation of instantaneous flow ripple was proposed by combining impedance theory and hydraulic transmission line method (TLM). Furthermore, the coefficient of variation (CoV) of flow ripple amplitude was applied to evaluate the cycle-to-cycle consistency in fuel supply process. The results show that the rotational speed together with the plunger number determines the frequency of flow ripple. The pump presents a greater flow ripple amplitude under high speed and low pressure conditions, which further leads to an intense pressure ripple. Besides, in most operating points, the CoV is around 0.15, indicating a good transient supply consistency. When the FMV is partially open, under the coupled effect of FMV operating frequency and plunger movements, the value of CoV shows an oscillating trend as a function of speed.

Efficiency Analysis of Oil Refineries Using DEA Window Analysis, Cluster Analysis, and Malmquist Productivity Index

Oil and gas refineries play a key role in the economies of countries by providing energy to various industrial sectors. A lack of an integrated efficiency analysis procedure, in many industries, could significantly impact the planning of sustainable industrial structures and operations. It also can influence company performance and competitiveness, and, eventually, negatively compromise the fuel supply process. All these problems taken together might negatively impact the environment and sustainable practices. Studies of efficiency in the oil industry can help to reduce its environmental and social impact and to achieve long-term green transition goals. In this work, the data envelopment analysis (DEA) method was used to present improvement goals for production units, based on efficiency indexes. Furthermore, the DEA window analysis model, integrated with the Malmquist index and cluster analysis, was used to evaluate efficiency and the factors that explain the differences between refineries in a number of timeframes. A numerical analysis was carried out with data collected from 12 Brazilian oil refineries between 2012 and 2020, using DEA window analysis, cluster analysis, and the Malmquist index.

Improving the fuel supply process of diesel locomotive

The quality of the fuel supply process is the main criterion for ensuring the required indicators of efficiency and environmental friendliness of a diesel locomotive. The electronic control system of the ESUVT.01 type for D50 type diesel (6 CHN 31.8/33) for fuel supply control is produced by JSC Penzadizelmash developed in LLC PPP Dieselavtomatika (Saratov) is presented. Optimizing the phase of the beginning of fuel supply – the advance angle of fuel injection (AAFI) shows the possibility of a significant improvement in fuel efficiency and toxicity of diesel exhaust gases. To assess the effect of the AAFI on the diesel locomotive performance, its experimental studies were carried out. The object of bench tests was a diesel generator set of type 1-PDG4D with the specified diesel and with a traction generator MPT-84/39. During the tests, the dependencies of diesel indicators on the AAFI were obtained. The necessity of optimizing the values of the AAFI in accordance with the engine operating mode is confirmed. Optimized values of the AAFI are obtained in the modes of diesel characteristics. The toxicity indicators of diesel exhaust gases and fuel efficiency with optimized characteristics of the AAFI are determined.

Regulation of the fuel injection advance angle in a transport diesel engine

The toxicity indicators of exhaust gases of a diesel engine largely depend on the quality of the fuel supply process. The possibility of a significant improvement in the toxicity of the exhaust gases of a diesel engine by optimizing the phase of the start of fuel supply - the fuel injection advance angle is shown. To assess the influence of the fuel injection advance angle on the dynamic performance of the engine and the toxicity of exhaust gases, a mathematical model of the engine has been developed. The model contains differential equations for the main elements of the combined engine - its piston part, turbocharger, in take and exhaust pipelines. These equations include polynomial dependences of the main engine parameters on its operating parameters. The object of research was diesel type D-245 (4 ChN 11/12.5) produced by the Minsk Motor Plant. Calculations of the acceleration of the engine with a variable fuel injection advance angle have been carried out. The influence of the law of regulation of the advance angle of fuel injection on the duration of the transient process and emissions of normalized toxic components is determined.

Research of influence of operational factors on parameters fuel delivery accumulator system CR engines RT-FLEX

The results of a computational study of the influence of operational factors on the fuel supply process by the accumulator system CR of RT-flex engines are presented. In the model used in the study of fuel supply in the accumulator system processes that occur in all its essential elements are described. As an accumulator, a constant pressure source is considered. The most detailed analysis is the operation of the injection control unit that determines the processes in the high-pressure system. Carefully presented nozzles, the elements of which are fully consistent with the real design. A change in the basic characteristics of injection with variable values of the temperature of heating the fuel, its viscosity, pressure in the accumulator and the pressure of the nozzle needle lift is considered. The most significant effect is the viscosity and pressure in the accumulator. An increase in viscosity (lowering the heating temperature) leads to a significant decrease in the cyclic supply of fuel and a decrease in the stroke of the metering piston with constant fuel supply phases. The cycle delivery increases with temperature from 500 C to 90-1100 C from 0,013 to 0,022 kg – 1,69 times. Obviously, the determining factor in this dependence is the movement metering piston injection control unit. This indicator changes in a close way, increasing in the same range from 7.4 to 10.5-10.8 mm. Additional information about the movement of the QP is the speed of its movement. In the direct (working, injection) stroke, it increases with increasing temperature in the above range from 0,135 to 0,244 m / s. As for the fuel pressure in the nozzle, then the influence of temperature is small. It decreases from 610 to 600 bar − less than 2 % (in the ratio of 1,016). This pattern indicates the decisive influence of the hydraulic resistance of the elements of the high pressure path on the pressure in the nozzle. In a similar way, the injection parameters change with decreasing pressure in the accumulator. One of the operational parameters of the fuel supply system is the liftingpressure of the nozzle, which depends on the force from the spring. To assess the influence of the pressure of the nozzle lift, the injection process was simulated at various spring tightening pressures. The range of variation of was 300-450 bar with a nominal value of 375 bar. No noticeable effect was on injection characteristics. The change in the cyclic delivery does not go beyond 3,2 %; the difference in the path of the QP for the boundaries of the range is 2,2 %, and the velocity of the QP remains within 1,8 %. The pressure in the nozzle channel remains unchanged.

Расчет и корректировка значений упругих свойств топливных смесей

The paper substantiates the use of a simple and convenient Cole equation form of state making it possible to quickly and with sufficient accuracy determine density, compressibility coefficient and speed of sound of the fuel mixtures at high and ultrahigh injection pressures. A method is described for calculating these elastic properties of the fuel mixtures using the constants of the state equation selected in the form of expressions that determine dependence of the constants on the temperature. Expediency of introducing the universal correction factors is shown, which allows refining calculated values of the fuel mixture elastic properties. Processed experimental data from the literature sources and conducted studies formed the basis to obtain empirical coefficients to determine the correction factors that are refining values of the arbitrary composition mixture properties. The described method and the found coefficients make it possible to hydrodynamically calculate the fuel supply process using modern mathematical models and to design new fuel systems with the higher injection parameters.

Compressibility of blends of diesel fuel with palm oil

The article presents the results of experimental studies to determine the compressibility of mixtures of diesel fuel with palm oil. To determine the compressibility of fuel mixtures in this work, we used a method based on measuring the speed of sound in the fuel in the injection pipeline. A description of a laboratory setup for measuring the speed of sound propagation in a mixed fuel is given, and the experimental procedure is outlined. The results obtained show that with an increase in the initial compression pressures and the density of fuel mixtures, which depends on the volumetric content of palm oil in them, the speed of sound increases, and the compressibility decreases. Formulas are presented that approximate the experimentally found dependences of compressibility on pressure and the proportion of palm oil in the mixed fuel. The results of the research can be used in modeling the fuel supply process of diesel engines operating on mixtures of diesel fuel and palm oil.

The influence of bio-fuels on the injection and combustion processes in a diesel cylinder

Introduction (statement of the problem and relevance). The need for vehicles motor fuels is growing from year to year. Limited oil resources lead to the need to replace them with alternative ones. The necessity to find a solution of the problem is also encouraged by the current unfavorable environmental situation. The possibility of using alternative fuel resources in existing engines requires the study of their influence on various aspects of engine operation, including the process of fuel supply and combustion in the engine cylinder.The purpose of the current research was to obtain the characteristics of fuel supply and combustion in a diesel engine operating on methanol and methyl ester of rapeseed oil.Methodology and research methods. As an object of study, a tractor diesel engine with a dimension of 2Ч 10.5/12.0 air-cooled with volumetric mixing was chosen. The characteristics presented in the work were taken in the nominal mode at the crankshaft speed n = 1800 rpm and the average effective pressure in the cylinder pe = 0.588 MPa, as well as in the maximum torque mode n = 1400 rpm, pe = 0.594 MPa. Pilot fuel supply in all modes was constant and fixed. The fuel injection advance setting angles were also constant and amounted 34° of the crankshaft rotation to the top dead center for each of the fuels.Scientific novelty and results. The article considered the bench tests results of a diesel engine operating on methanol and rapeseed oil methyl ester in two characteristic modes. The indicators of fuel supply and combustion process in the diesel cylinder have been presented. The analysis of these indicators allowed determining the influence of the fuel supply process on the combustion characteristics in the engine.The practical significance lies in the possibility of using the obtained results to improve the operation of diesel engines on alternative renewable fuels.

Расчет и проектирование форсунок Common Rail с учетом их продольной податливости

The experience of creating electro-hydraulic Common Rail injectors led to the conclusion that the longitudinal deformation of their parts affects the fuel supply performance. The paper presents additions to the mathematical model of fuel supply in a diesel accumulator system. These additions describe the deformation of the injector parts. The longitudinal compliance of the parts changes the course of the needle, the volume of the cavities. As shown by the analysis of the operation of three electro-hydraulic injectors, longitudinal compliance leads to an increase in the injection start delay up to 2,0...2,5° of the camshaft turn, an increase in the needle stroke up to 40 %, an increase in injection pressure, a reduction in its duration, and difficulty in organizing multiple fuel injection. The comparison with experimental data and finite element calculations showed the applicability of the supplemented mathematical model as a part of the general model of fuel injection in diesel systems. Its use allows creating more valid tools for calculating fuel supply processes and taking into account compliance when designing Common Railinjectors.

DIAGNOSTICS OF DIESEL ENGINE REFRIGERATION ELEMENTS AND WAYS OF INCREASING TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC INDICATORS

The reliability of automotive equipment is its ability to perform constructively laid down functions without additional labor and material costs to maintain an able-bodied condition for a long time. Due to the fact that the quality of automotive equipment is characterized by its reliability and performance, increasing the level of reliability is an urgent task at the present stage of development of the technical operation of agricultural equipment. In addition, increasing the reliability of automotive vehicles is a promising way to reduce production costs, since the operation of more reliable equipment requires less labor and material costs. In the restored FS, the stabilization of the initial parameters during operation depends on many technological factors. The main reasons are those that greatly affect the reliability and have a wide range of characteristics under repair conditions. Changes in the technical condition of diesel engines during operation have a great impact on the indicators of fuel efficiency and toxicity of exhaust gases, with the former accounting for half of the resource consumption in agriculture. In order to achieve the necessary environmental and economic performance indicators of an autotractor diesel engine, its characteristics and fuel supply parameters should be adjusted in accordance with the operation and operating mode of the engine. Such a solution will make it possible to change the required parameters and characteristics, thereby ensuring the required nature of the flow of such fuel supply processes as spraying, mixture formation and combustion in each mode of operation. For efficient fuel injection into a diesel cylinder, it is necessary to have a significant reserve of fuel pump performance. Accordingly, a decrease in productivity can lead to a decrease in the amount of cycle feed. Based on the determination of the fuel consumption in the low pressure line of the system, the following tasks can be solved: - assess the technical condition of the fuel system in operation; - to optimize the balance of fuel supply in the experimental FS of the accumulating type and thereby reduce the power consumption for the operation of the system.

An Experimental Approach and A Signal Processing Method with the Common Rail Injection System of a Diesel Engine

This paper presents a method and results, which studies influences of the fuel flow mode on the pressure oscillation in the volumes of the accumulator fuel system. The fuel is supplied through nozzle holes into a constant volume chamber, which is installed a jet for fuel discharge into the low-pressure line. Results show that the increase in the base pressure value of the fuel accumulator leads to the rise in the slope of the leading edge of the differential characteristics and the maximum dQ/dt value changes closer to the beginning moment of the fuel injection process. At the same time, the control pressure value is a significant parameter that greatly influences the shape of the injection characteristic. In addition, when using the drain orifices with different diameters, received values and differential characteristics vary during the fuel supply process. The differential characteristics of the study are the basis for implementing fuel injection control solutions.

Моделирование процессов топливоподачи для работы судового дизеля на водотопливной эмульсии

The article presents the results of the mathematical modeling of marine diesel’s fuel supply processes during the screw characteristic while using diesel fuel and water-fuel emulsion with 30% water content as alternative fuel. As a result of the research, the features of the fuel supply processes and the effect of alternative fuel on the serial fuel equipment injection characteristics during operation in nominal and partial modes were identified. Considering the quality of fuel equipment operation the following features were taken into account, they are: changing fuel supply characteristics; features of fuel atomization in the initial and final phases of injection; increasing stability of the injection in sequential cycles by increasing plunger active stroke; residual pressure oscillations in the high pressure line during injection consecutive cycles. Using the water-fuel emulsion it is possible to significantly increase a quality of marine diesel engine operation, to extend the stable fuel supply range of the serial fuel equipment both from the possibility of speed modes reducing during fine fuel feed and providing forced fuel feed due to absence of repeating injections.

Ways to solve the problem of converting diesel locomotives to gaseous fuel

The Government of the Russian Federation has set the task of expanding the field of application of gaseous fuels in the national economy. In accordance with this task, an agreement of June 17, 2016 was developed on cooperation between PJSC Gazprom, JSC Russian Railways, JSC Sinara Group, JSC Transmashholding in the use of natural gas as a motor fuel, which provides for the production of shunting gas locomotives and mainline diesel locomotives and gas turbine locomotives. This work is a continuation of the work begun in the 1990s to create, fine-tune and test diesel locomotives using natural gas as a motor fuel. The conversion of diesel locomotives to gaseous fuel can be carried out in two ways: creation of diesel locomotives with gas piston engines and the modernization of diesel locomotives of the existing fleet by converting the diesel engines of these locomotives to use the gas-diesel cycle. A comparison of these options is given and solutions are proposed that allow using gas-diesel cycle on diesel locomotives. Mathematical models for calculating the performance indicators of a gas-diesel generator plant in operating modes and separately for the fuel supply process are presented, their features and some calculation results are presented. The experimentally determined reasons for the impossibility of operation of the power plant in the gas-diesel cycle of a shunting diesel locomotive based on TEM18 below the fourth position of the driver's controller are theoretically substantiated. The minimum required structural changes to the standard fuel equipment are determined, which are necessary to ensure stable operation of a diesel locomotive on gaseous fuel. A comparative assessment of the efficiency of converting diesel locomotives to gaseous fuel is carried out and the cost of fuel consumed per hour of operation is determined, depending on the degree of fuel replacement with gas when the locomotive is operating in average operating modes.

Methods for calculating fuel heating in electrically controlled injectors of Common Rail diesel systems

This study was aimed at describing the reasons for the strong heating of fuel in Common Rail fuel systems and at its mathematical description. The experimental results were obtained by passing the fuel through an orifice and a diesel injector. Three methods were proposed for different tasks and different types of fuels, for calculating heating with ultra-high injection pressures. Concerning the processes of atomization, evaporation, and combustion of fuels, the heating of the fuel due to the Joule-Thomson effect in the injector nozzle is most important. It was shown that a complex of several thermal factors leads to fuel heating up to 240–260° C at a pressure of 350–400 MPa. This paper is a continuation of the authors' long-term research aimed at improving the methods of fuel systems simulation and proposes the most convenient relationships for the calculated analysis of the thermal conditions of the fuel supply process and for recording the boundary conditions for calculating the atomization and evaporation of the fuel. Determination of heating makes it possible to find the crisis of fuel expiration at ultra-high pressures. The results can also be used to determine the thermal boundary conditions for the operation of a high-speed electromagnetic drive and a Common Rail injector.High injection pressures reduce fuel consumption and harmful emissions in diesel engines [1]. High fuel pressures lead to significant heating, changes in the physical properties and parameters of fuel atomization.

PREMATURE SHUT OFF POSSIBILITY PREDICTION FOR AUTOMOTIVE FUEL TANK SYSTEM

Prediction of the possibility of a vehicle fuel tank supply process prematureshut off is of main concern for the automotive industry. The main objectiveof this work is to show that premature shut off can be explained by the absenceof a steady state after the initial transient in the fuel supply process. Thevehicle fuel tank considered in this work is composed only of a rectilinearpipe inclined with respect to the horizontal and connected to the top of arectangular tank. The counter-current two-phase flow in the pipe is modeledusing the one-dimensional drift flux model and the tankis modeled as a control volume where mass conservation for each phase isconsidered. Linear stability analysis of the two-phase flow model shows theabsence of the steady state phase for a range of liquid flow rates before theflooding condition is achieved as a function of tube inclination and length.This fact suggests that premature shut off occurs due to the absence of asteady state regime phase during the fuel supply process.