Fuel Pump Research Articles

Keyless Entry System Using a Smartphone for Vehicle: A Development of Vehicle Security Performance

Abstract: This study involves developing a keyless entry system using a smartphone for vehicles. The system comprises a mobile application and apparatus with main and secondary modules. The main module comprises a mini-computer, Bluetooth Low Energy module, NFC module, ultrasonic sensor, and control circuit installed inside the vehicle. Connected to it is the Secondary module comprising a Car Battery voltage reader circuit, EFI and Fuel Pump control circuit, and a microcontroller located inside the vehicle hood. The mobile application connects to the apparatus wirelessly and acts as a key. A chip-enabled card is a backup key in case the Smartphone is unavailable. It can activate the application by tapping the chip-enabled card through the Smartphone's NFC. The participants of the study are the vehicle owners and are determined through purposive sampling, which is important in examining the subject characteristics involved in the study. Experts evaluated the system using the ISO/IEC 25010:2011 Systems and Software Quality Requirements and Evaluation Questionnaire. The level of acceptability of the Keyless Entry System using Smartphones in terms of functional suitability, performance efficiency, compatibility, usability, reliability, security, maintainability, and portability was "Excellent". Upon Overall, the system performed its intended function and extended a vehicle's safety features.

Advancement in Fuel Pump Design for High-Pressure Systems

Advancement in Fuel Pump Design for High-Pressure Systems

A probabilistic assessment of ship blackout incident with Fault Tree Analysis into (FTA) Bayesian Network (BN)

Blackouts in maritime activities can cause propulsion loss and dangerous maritime conditions. Bayesian risk analysis is applied to ship blackout incidents in this study to improve understanding and reduce risks. Using Fault Tree Analysis (FTA), a Bayesian Network (BN) model incorporates fuel quality, lubricating oil quality, sensor error, injector error, and mechanical defects to estimate blackout probability. The model analyses how hazards and their interactions affect this situation using probabilistic inference. Sensitivity analysis identifies variables that affect blackout probabilities and prioritises risk mitigation solutions. Based on prior and posterior probabilities, ‘Automatic Voltage Regulator Failure’ (0.03 prior, 0.17 posterior), ‘Rotor Mechanical Fault’ (0.03 prior, 0.15 posterior), and ‘High Cooling Water Temperature’ (0.03 prior, 0.13 posterior) are the top three blackout causes. Other significant variables include ‘Switchboard Line Failure,’ ‘Faulty Fuel Pump,’ ‘Rotor Open Circuit,’ and ‘Temperature Sensor Failure’ in relative amounts. Bayesian risk analysis can identify and minimise marine blackout concerns, giving decision-makers a comprehensive framework for informed decision-making and proactive risk management. This research emphasises blackout accidents’ importance, improving maritime transportation safety and reliability.

Exploring the impact of occupational exposure: A study on cardiovascular autonomic functions of male gas station attendants in Sri Lanka.

Fuel dispensing at fuel stations is performed manually by unprotected male gas station attendants in Sri Lanka, who have long working hours. These workers are exposed to hydrocarbon fuels associated with multiple health effects by modulation of the autonomic nervous system. This study was performed to determine cardiovascular autonomic functions among fuel pump attendants in Sri Lanka. Fuel pump attendants (n = 50) aged between 19 and 65 years were identified for the study from seven fuel stations. They were compared with age- and gender-matched controls (n = 46) without occupational exposure to fuel. A physical examination was performed before the autonomic function and heart rate variability (HRV) assessment. There were no significant differences in weight, height, or BMI between the study and the control populations (p > 0.05). Both the systolic blood pressure (SBP) (Mann Whitney U (MWU) = 743.5, p = 0.003) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (MWU = 686.5, p = 0.001) were significantly higher among the gas station attendants compared to controls. Valsalva ratio was significantly higher among the study group (MW U = 874.00, p = 0.043) compared to controls. The HRV analysis showed significantly higher SDNN and SD2 (MWU = 842.00, p = 0.034, and MWU = 843.50, p = 0.035 respectively) among the gas station attendants compared to controls. The changes to the cardiovascular autonomic parameters among those exposed to fuel vapor as a gas station attendant indicate an increase in sympathetic outflow to the vessels. In the occupational setting as fuel pump attendants need periodic monitoring.

Study on Cavitation Corrosion Resistance of Supersonic Flame Spraying WC-10Co4Cr Coating on Aero-Engine Fuel Pump

Study on Cavitation Corrosion Resistance of Supersonic Flame Spraying WC-10Co4Cr Coating on Aero-Engine Fuel Pump

Aviation fuel pump health state assessment based on evidential reasoning and random forests

AbstractAs the power source of the engine, the Fuel Pump(FP) plays a vital role in the safe operation of the aircraft. Due to the complexity of the working mechanism of Aviation Fuel Pumps (AFP) and the strong correlation between the components, the assessment model cannot reflect the health state of the FPs better, while the initial parameters in the assessment model will affect the assessment effect of the model. Therefore, this paper proposes a health status assessment model that can fully integrate monitoring data. To improve the accuracy of the model parameters, the Random Forest algorithm is used to give the feature weights to make up for the limitation of relying on expert knowledge, and the model parameters are optimized by the Covariance Matrix Adaptive Evolutionary Strategy algorithm, which achieves an accurate assessment of the state. Finally, the AFP test bed was built and the AFP was tested. Compared with other methods, the accuracy of the proposed method in this question reaches 96%, which is greatly superior to other methods and verifies the effectiveness of the proposed method. It also provides an outlook on future research directions for health state assessment.

The Influence of Fuel Pump Pressure Variations on the Performance of 2-Stroke Gasoline Direct Injection Engines

The direction of technological development in 2-stroke gasoline direct injection engines is to improve engine performance and reduce exhaust gas pollution, where the solution to achieve this is to use a high-pressure electric fuel pump that produces stable fuel pressure and is practical in its application. This research aims to determine the influence of variations in fuel pressure on the performance, especially torque and power, of a 2-stroke gasoline direct injection engine. Tests were carried out on a 110 cc 2-stroke gasoline direct injection motorcycle engine using Research Octane Number (RON) 90 fuel at varying fuel pressures of 7.5 Bar, 8 Bar, and 8.5 Bar on a chassis dynamometer to obtain engine performance data in the form of torque and power. The results of this research show that increasing fuel pressure will increase the atomization of fuel particles so that it will influence increasing the performance of this engine, where maximum torque and power of 6.20 Nm and 2.00 kW are achieved at 3250 rpm, at a pressure of 8.5 Bar.

The Effect of Fuel Pump Pressure and Number of Injector Holes on 150cc Matic Motorcycle Performance

This study aims to evaluate the effects of increasing fuel pump pressure and varying the number of holes in the injector on engine performance. The fuel system in the engine has evolved from carburettor to injection system to improve the efficiency of fuel usage. In this study, the fuel pump pressure was increased to three levels, namely 2.5 bar, 3 bar, and 3.5 bar. In addition, variations in the number of holes in the injector were also tested using 3-hole, 6-hole, and 8-hole injectors. Engine performance was evaluated based on the power and torque produced. The research method used is experimental with power and torque measurements as engine performance data. The results showed that increasing fuel pump pressure and varying the number of holes in the injector had a significant effect on engine performance. Increasing the fuel pump pressure to 3.5 bar results in an increase in engine power and torque. The best power test results were obtained at a fuel pump pressure of 3 bar with a combination of 6-hole injectors, producing a maximum power of 11.63 HP at 6000 rpm engine speed. While the best torque test results were obtained at a fuel pump pressure of 3.5 bar with a combination of 3-hole injectors, producing a maximum torque of 43.10 Nm at 3000 rpm. The variation in the number of holes in the injector shows that the use of injectors with more holes tends to increase engine power and torque.
 Keywords: Engine Performance, Fuel Pump Pressure, Fuel Efficiency Injector Holes, Injection System

Research on the Performance of a Centrifugal Aviation Fuel Pump Based on Response Surface Methodology

The performance of centrifugal aviation fuel pumps can be crucial in determining aircraft efficiency and safety. Here, we delve into the intricate interplay between flight altitude and flow rate on pump performance. Employing the central composite design method, we characterized the relationship between these parameters and the pump’s head and efficiency. Our analysis, underpinned by response surface methodology, revealed distinct optimal operating conditions at 10,000 m and 12,000 m flight altitudes, pinpointed at flow rates of 1.1016 Q and 1.1222 Q, respectively. Moreover, the emergence and growth of cavitation regions with increasing flow rates underscore the challenges in pump operation. Significantly, we identify rotor–stator interactions as a dominant influence on pressure fluctuations, especially near the impeller exit. These findings not only elucidate the operational dynamics of aviation fuel pumps but also pave the way for advanced pump designs and optimizations.

Discrete-Event Control and Predictive Optimization of Fuel Tankers and Pumps Allocation

Makalah ini membahas model penjadwalan dinamis dari operasi tangki bahan bakar umum dan pompa. Modelnya bersifat dinamis karena waktu kedatangan kapal diperbolehkan bervariasi. Tujuan dari studi ini adalah untuk menentukan alokasi/penjadwalan dermaga yang optimal dan rekomendasi kebijakan yang meminimalkan total waktu tunggu kapal, rasio hunian dermaga, dan biaya sewa kapal. Pemodelan Discrete-event Systems (DES) dipilih karena aperiodisitas dalam waktu kedatangan kapal dan waktu operasi asinkron di antara posisi berlabuh yang berbeda. Dua model DES dikembangkan, yaitu: (1) masalah alokasi biaya berganda (MBAP) untuk dermaga suplai dan (2) masalah alokasi dermaga sederhana (SBAP) untuk dermaga konsinyasi. Selanjutnya, digunakan model predictive control (MPC) untuk mengoptimalkan model DES, dan juga disediakan analisis matematis dari algoritma yang diusulkan. Contoh numerik memeriksa dua kasus (pasang surut dan non-pasang surut) di masing-masing model disajikan untuk menggambarkan solusi optimal. Masalah yang dihadapi adalah alokasi tambatan saat ini tidak bekerja secara efisien, yang ditunjukkan dengan rata-rata waktu tunggu kapal di dermaga pemasok (dermaga 1 dan 2) yang di atas standar (14 jam), sedangkan dermaga konsinyasi (dermaga 3) berada jauh di bawah standar.

Making a prototype of the Fuel Pump Test Bench with a method of measuring fuel pressure, current and temperature of a microcontroller-based fuel pump

The object of this research is a vehicle with a fuel injection system and uses a fuel pump to produce pressurized fuel. The fuel pump has decreased performance for some time of use. Decreased performance is characterized by abnormal engine power. But these symptoms can also be caused by other factors such as disturbances in the ignition system, fuel system or air intake system. To obtain the true causative factors by the workshop, a comprehensive examination of related systems is carried out. F the causative actor in the fuel system is the fuel pump, then the action taken by the workshop is replacement. In two-wheeled vehicles, fuel pump replacement is carried out after the fuel pump cannot operate. While four-wheeled vehicles, fuel pump replacement is recommended every 80,000 km. From the average data of Astra workshops that the number of vehicles that replace fuel pumps is 3 to 4 units within one month. Based on the procedure for checking the condition of the Astra vehicle fuel pump, which only measures fuel pressure and the resistance value of the fuel pump coil. The standard fuel pressure value is 2.94 bar and the fuel pump coil resistance value is 0.8 ohms. The measurement of the 2 parameters does not represent the actual condition of the fuel pump, whether the fuel pump can still be used or must be replaced. According to Denton in a book entitled Automobile Electrical and Electronic System Fourth Edition (2012) that the right fuel pump testing method must be with manufacturing standards, namely a flow discharge of 120 liters per hour with pressure conditions of 3 bar, source voltage of 12 volts, coil resistance of 0.8 ohms and maximum current to the coil of 10.5 amperes. As a solution to determine whether the fuel pump can still be used or must be replaced, it is necessary to make a fuel pump test bench with a method of measuring fuel pressure, current and fuel pump temperature. In order for all measurable parameters to be displayed into a conclusion, this tool is made based on microcontrollers. This fuel pump test bench can be used to determine the condition and predict the age of the fuel pump.

Impeller Design and Performance Analysis of Aviation Fuel Pump Based on the Inverse Method

Centrifugal pumps have a wide range of applications in the aviation field. The present work focuses on the optimal design of aviation fuel pump impellers by means of an inverse method. The fuel pump impeller is designed here by solving an inverse problem, in which the impeller geometry is found by imposing a target blade loading. As the inverse procedure is inviscid, an iterative process based on RANS is then applied to finally converge to a fully viscous solution. Three representative loading distributions have been investigated, and the final performances are evaluated by RANS computations. Since flow variables, rather than the blade geometry, are imposed on the target flow field, it is found that the impellers designed by way of the inverse method have high efficiency under the conditions without cavitation; among them, the pump impeller with a higher loading at the hub maintains a high efficiency for a wide range of flow conditions and also has better anti-cavitation performances under low inlet pressure conditions. Moreover, cavitation resistance can be improved by adjusting the loading distribution near the blade leading edge using the inverse design tool.

Similar or Unknown Fault Mode Detection of Aircraft Fuel Pump Using Transfer Learning With Subdomain Adaption

Similar or Unknown Fault Mode Detection of Aircraft Fuel Pump Using Transfer Learning With Subdomain Adaption

Optimisation of Reliability and Maintenance Plan of the High-Pressure Fuel Pump System on Marine Engine

Abstract This paper presents a method of adjusting and designing the maintenance scheme for the high-pressure fuel pumps of a slow-speed two-stroke marine engine, MAN 6S70MC-C. The maintenance database for the marine fuel system was obtained from the planned maintenance software, and covered a period of 11 years. During this period, 29 failures occurred that required corrective actions. Our methodology includes failure mode analysis, risk analysis, reliability calculation and maintenance interval adjustment. Each failure is described using a failure mode analysis, based on a combination of the mode and cause of failure. The objective of this study is to recommend a new preventive maintenance interval based on the exponential reliability results and the analysed maintenance data. The initial maintenance plan for each fuel pump was set to 8,000 running hours, whereas in the modified plan, it is recommended to set this to 4,000 hours. Our results show an increase in the system reliability from 60% to 95% when the new modified maintenance plan is applied. In addition, the results and the recommended initial maintenance schedule are validated based on three similar types of engine with the same fuel pump system. The new maintenance approach can reduce the risk of component failure, which will lead to increased reliability of the fuel pump system and the optimisation of maintenance costs.

An Electric Motor of a Fuel Pump Based on a Failproof Synchronous Electric Machine

An Electric Motor of a Fuel Pump Based on a Failproof Synchronous Electric Machine

Inspection and Rectifying Air Lock in Fuel Pump (Inline Type)

Inspection and Rectifying Air Lock in Fuel Pump (Inline Type)

Modeling the Meshing Procedure of the External Gear Fuel Pump Using a CFD Tool

In modern aircraft engine technology, there is a tendency to replace the mechanical drive of external gear fuel pumps with an electric one. This significantly reduces the integral energy consumption for pumping fuel (kerosene). On the other hand, in order to reduce the dimensions of the structure, it is reasonable to increase the rotation speed of the pumping unit gears. The above considerations make it advisable to study the problems that may arise in the design of pumping units. Analysis of the existing designs of external gear fuel pumps shows that the flow processes in the meshing zone have a significant impact on the pump performance and lifetime. Incorrect truss plate geometry and the compensation system lead to an increase in the velocities when opening and closing the cavity in the meshing zone, which causes intense cavitation. To understand the causes and factors which influence this phenomenon, it is necessary to study the fluid flow behavior in the meshing zone gaps. High-speed cameras are used to experimentally study the flow behavior. However, this approach gives only a qualitative result but does not allow for determining the absolute values of pressure and load in terms of the angle of rotation. Nevertheless, high-speed surveying can be used as a basis for fluid flow model verification. In this paper, the model of the fluid flow in a high-pressure external gear pump was proposed. The verification of the simulation results for HDZ 46 HLP 68 oil operation was carried out according to the results of experimental data visualization. The influence of rotation speed on the position of cavitation zones was revealed and confirmed by operational data. The analysis of the flow process in meshing for kerosene as a working fluid was carried out.

Экспериментальная оценка работы топливных насосов газодизельных ДВС с использованием аппаратно-программного и диагностического комплексов «Газодизель-Pro» и «MT Pro 4.1»

The main aspects of testing modern high-pressure fuel pumps (fuel injection pumps) of gas-diesel internal combustion engines are considered. A hardware and software complex based on a test bench for the fuel injection pump of a gas-diesel engine is proposed. The research is carried out in order to determine and register the fuel injection pump parameters necessary to optimize the process of diesel fuel injection into gas diesel. The block diagram of the hardware and software complex and the results of bench tests of the working process of a gas-diesel internal combustion engine are presented. Keywords: GAS DIESEL, TESTS, INSTALLATION, STAND, IGNITION DOSE, HIGH-PRESSURE FUEL PUMP, PIPELINE, COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURE, ENERGY INDICATORS

Review for State-of-the-Art Health Monitoring Technologies on Airframe Fuel Pumps

Aircraft maintenance is an essential cost borne by the airline. Improving maintenance practices for day-to-day operations can lead to significant financial savings. The benefits of effective maintenance are derived from the avoided costs caused by unexpected breakdowns and from maximising aircraft flight time transporting passengers. The fuel system is a crucial part of the entire aircraft as it ensures delivery of the fuel to the engine and a key component within this system are the fuel pumps. These airborne fuel pumps are classified between the pumps installed in the airframe fuel system and in the engine fuel system. Past works have investigated the performance characteristics of these pumps during flight, however there are no reviews related to the present Health Monitoring (HM) capabilities under flight conditions. HM refers to the field of diagnosing faults or predicting the remaining useful life (RUL) of the pump and the focus of this review is to highlight the HM technologies suitable for aircraft fuel pumps. This is done by first reviewing the technologies and concepts related to HM of fuel pumps. Second a literature review is carried out on pump and motor faults is carried out, drawing on examples from aerospace and other relevant industries. Section 6: Conclusion, discusses the HM technologies have been applied to aerospace fuel pumps and highlights the gaps in capabilities, based on the findings of the literature review carried out in Section 4: Common Faults and Section 5: HM Sensing Methods to suggest future developments in this field. It was found that there is a large scope for development for the HM airframe fuel pumps, based on reviewing the present state of the art. Furthermore, there are no clear strategies formulated by airframe manufacturers and equipment suppliers to test and implement existing HM solutions to operate under flight conditions. This highlights the need to develop HM in this field and a requirement for further research to allow this technology to be a part of routine aircraft

Influence of Gas Content on Performance Effect on Shunt Vane Type Aviation Fuel Pump

In order to study the flow law of shunt vane type aviation fuel pump under the condition of gas-liquid mixture transportation, based on the RNG K-ε turbulence model and the Euler-Euler non-uniformity model, using the ANSYS CFX software to calculate an aviation fuel pump under different gas content conditions, and analyzing the flow of the fuel pump and the pressure law of the blade pressure. The research shows that the gas phase is mainly distributed in the front section of the long blade suction surface and the back section of the short blade pressure surface. The increased gas content will result in increased liquid velocity in the pump, which makes the gas phase gradually develop towards the suction surface of long and short blades and diffuse to the impeller flow path. The gas content mainly affects the pressure surface load of the fuel pump blades. The pressure load curve fluctuates at the relative position of the short blade (0.5-0.6) and long blade (0.3-0.6) as well as at the end of the blade and decreases with the increase in gas content. The change of pressure fluctuation of the blade is mainly reflected at the junction of long and short blades, and the pressure fluctuation amplitude of the front section of the short blade and middle section of the long blade fluctuates greatly. With the increase in gas content, the pressure fluctuation amplitude at each monitoring point reduces. The research results can provide some reference for the design of aviation fuel pumps.