FTO Glass Substrate Research Articles

A detailed investigation on the phase transformation mechanism during electroplating of Cu (In, Ga) Se2 films on FTO-glass substrates

In this study, an attempt has been made to acquire an in-depth understanding of the electroplating mechanism of Cu (In, Ga) Se2 quaternary thin films on FTO-glass substrates. A systematic approach starting with the study of unitary, binary, ternary, and finally quaternary deposition of the elements have been performed through cyclic voltammetry (CV). The salts used were CuCl2, H2SeO3, InCl3 and GaCl3 for each stage of deposition with varying combinations and proportions. CVs were first done for unitary Cu, Se, In and Ga elements, then binary combinations of Cu-In, Cu-Se, Cu-Ga, In-Se, In-Ga, and Se-Ga system, ternary baths of Cu-In-Se and Cu-In-Ga, In-Se-Ga and Cu-Se-Ga systems, and finally quaternary Cu-In-Ga-Se system. An optimum deposition potential of −0.65 V was chosen from the position of cathodic peaks for all the baths. A thorough structural and elemental analysis, defect densities, type of conductivity was carried out for the as-deposited films. Single step deposition of CIGS was found to be impossible, hence Ga was attempted to incorporate in the films through a two-stack approach. From the position and intensity of the cathodic peaks and the phase analysis, plausible mechanism has been proposed for the quaternary alloy.

Band gap and Morphology Engineering of Hematite Nanoflakes from an Ex Situ Sn Doping for Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting.

In this article, we report a simple ex situ Sn-doping method on hematite nanoflakes (coded as MSnO2-H) that can protect the nanoflake (NF) morphology against the 800 °C high-temperature annealing process and activate the photoresponse of hematite until 800 nm wavelength excitation. MSnO2-H has been fabricated by dropping SnCl4 ethanol solution on hematite nanoflakes homogeneously grown over the conductive FTO glass substrate and annealed at 500 °C to synthesize the SnO2 nanoparticles on hematite NFs. The Sn-treated samples were then placed in a furnace again, and the sintering process was conducted at 800 °C for 15 min. During this step, structure deformation of hematite occurs normally due to the grain boundary motion and oriented attachment. However, in the case of MSnO2-H, the outer SnO2 nanoparticles efficiently prevented a shape deformation and maintained the nanoflake shape owing to the encapsulation of hematite NFs. Furthermore, the interface of hematite/SnO2 nanoparticles became the spots for a heavy Sn ion doping. We demonstrated the generation of the newly localized states, resulting in an extension of the photoresponse of hematite until 800 nm wavelength light irradiation. Furthermore, we demonstrated that SnO2 nanoparticles can effectively act as a passivation layer, which can reduce the onset potential of hematite for water splitting redox reactions. The optimized MSnO2-H nanostructures showed a 2.84 times higher photocurrent density and 300 mV reduced onset potential compared with a pristine hematite nanoflake photoanode.

Two-dimensional oxygen vacancy-doped tungsten oxide hydrate nanosheets for high-performance electrochromic device

Facile fabrication of advanced tungsten oxide (WO3) or WO3 hydrate materials with superior electrochemical and electrochromic properties is of great value in energy-related applications. Self-doping (oxygen vacancy doping) and nanostructure regulation are considered efficient strategies to enhance the performance of bulk WO3 materials. Herein, novel WO3-x hydrate nanosheets were prepared by a one-pot template/surfactant-free solvothermal method employing Na2WO4·2H2O as precursors and ethanol as solvent. The morphology, structure, and composition of the prepared WO3-x hydrate nanosheets were demonstrated by TEM, AFM, XRD, Raman spectrum, and XPS. Furthermore, WO3-x hydrate nanosheets films with mesostructured architecture were formed on FTO glass substrates by the dip-coating process, which exhibited excellent electrochemical and electrochromic performance. As a proof-of-concept example, an analog smart window device (ASWD) was assembled by using the WO3-x hydrate nanosheet film on FTO glass as the working electrode, an FTO glass as the counter electrode, and LiClO4 in propylene carbonate as the electrolyte. The fabricated ASWD presented fascinating electrochromic performance with a wide optical modulation range (82.1%) at the wavelength of 670 nm, moderate switching time (9.6/10.4 s for bleaching/coloration), high coloration efficiency (111.8 cm2/C) and good cyclic stability (maintains 71.6% of the maximum dynamic modulation range after 1000 cycles). Ascribed to the easy preparation process and outstanding electrochromic properties, this kind of WO3-x hydrate nanosheet and its corresponding electrochromic devices are believed to have great potential applications in energy-saving engineering.

Bi and Sn Doping Improved the Structural, Optical and Photovoltaic Properties of MAPbI3-Based Perovskite Solar Cells

One of the most amazing photovoltaic technologies for the future is the organic–inorganic lead halide perovskite solar cell, which exhibits excellent power conversion efficiency (PCE) and can be produced using a straightforward solution technique. Toxic lead in perovskite can be replaced by non-toxic alkaline earth metal cations because they keep the charge balance in the material and some of them match the Goldschmidt rule’s tolerance factor. Therefore, thin films of MAPbI3, 1% Bi and 0%, 0.5%, 1% and 1.5% Sn co-doped MAPbI3 were deposited on FTO-glass substrates by sol-gel spin-coating technique. XRD confirmed the co-doping of Bi–Sn in MAPbI3. The 1% Bi and 1% Sn co-doped film had a large grain size. The optical properties were calculated by UV-Vis spectroscopy. The 1% Bi and 1% Sn co-doped film had small Eg, which make it a good material for perovskite solar cells. These films were made into perovskite solar cells. The pure MAPbI3 film-based solar cell had a current density (Jsc) of 9.71 MA-cm−2, its open-circuit voltage (Voc) was 1.18 V, its fill factor (FF) was 0.609 and its efficiency (η) was 6.98%. All of these parameters were improved by the co-doping of Bi–Sn. The cell made from a co-doped MAPbI3 film with 1% Bi and 1% Sn had a high efficiency (10.03%).

Performance of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell using Hamelia Patens leaves as natural dye

Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSC), a 3rd generation solar cell has gained huge attention in the field of solar photovoltaics as a substitute for the silicon solar cell. The performance of the DSSC mainly depends on all the important components such as transparent conductive oxide substrate, cathode, photo-anode, dye, and electrolyte. Additionally, sensitizing dyes also perform a vital role in the absorption of light and the conversion of solar energy into electrical energy in DSSC. However, its efficiency is low and it consumes good amount of energy in manufacturing. In this respect scientists and researcher are more focus on how to improve its efficacy and production cost to make it economically viable. For this purpose, in this present work we have the natural dyes from Hamelia patens plant’s leaf which is available throughout the year for the fabrication of DSSC at low temperature. Semiconductor film electrode, ZnO has been synthesized via. chemical bath deposition process, which is anchored on the FTO glass substrate. Various characterizations techniques such as UV-vis absorption, FTIR were done for the extracted natural dye. XRD and FE-SEM were also performed for crystallinity and morphological analysis of ZnO material. XRD data reveals the formation of hexagonal ZnO (JCPDS card no. 01-082-9744 where 2θ° at 31.799, 34.454, 36.289, 47.586 corresponds to (100), (002), (011), (012) respectively). Using the ZnO and natural dyes, a sandwiched type DSSC has been fabricated and various parameter such as power conversion efficiency, Voc (open circuit voltage), Isc (short circuit current) has also been measured for continuous 3 days. DSSCs which is fabricated by using natural dye extracted from Hamelia patens leaves (sample 1) shows Voc = 132.2 and Isc = .065 mA.

Photo(electro)catalyst of Flower-Like Cobalt Oxide Co-Doped g-C3N4: Degradation of Methylene Blue under Visible Light Illumination.

This work reported on the solid state synthesis of the flower-like Co(OH)2/g-C3N4 nanocomposite, using a modified hydrothermal method, for the degradation of MB, an organic pollutant. These nanomaterials were characterized for structure, surface morphology and composition using XRD, SEM and XPS, respectively. The photocatalytic activities of the as-prepared materials loaded on FTO glass substrates were evaluated for their degradation of methylene blue (MB) under visible irradiation and constant voltage. The promoting effect of Fw-Co(OH)2 on g-C3N4 was investigated under the influence of introduced various Co(OH)2 amounts. The fabricated composite catalyst showed significantly improved catalytic performance compared to pristine g-C3N4. Degradation by 25% Fw-Co(OH)2/g-C3N4 can achieve about a 100% ratio within 180 min under visible light in a three-electrode system. Moreover, Fw-Co(OH)2/g-C3N4 was easily regenerated and reused, and still possessed good degradation ability. These results suggest that Fw-Co(OH)2/g-C3N4 could be promising for application as a low-cost and high-efficiency catalyst for wastewater treatment and organic pollutant degradation.

Chemical Solution Deposition of Single‐Phase BiFeO3 Thin Films on Transparent Substrates

The production of high‐quality BiFeO3 thin films on cost‐effective transparent electrodes for visible light harvesting applications and devices remains a challenge. Here, the production of single‐phase nanostructured BiFeO3 thin films via chemical solution deposition (CSD) on transparent conductive fluorine‐doped tin oxide FTO glass substrates is reported. It is shown that BiFeO3 is of high purity using a variety of analytical tools and that the as‐obtained BiFeO3 thin films have a single‐grain single‐domain structure exhibiting ferroelectric switching under poling. The BiFeO3 samples show visible light absorption with a bandgap of 2.7 eV under all processing conditions. By changing the annealing atmosphere, it was possible to modify the photocurrent produced, which were (at 1.23 VNHE) 0.07 (O2‐annealed), 0.02 (air‐annealed), and 0.01 mA cm−2 (Ar‐annealed). This indicates a change in the mobile carriers available. The results show that it is possible to produce single‐phase BiFeO3 on a transparent conductive electrode system with controllable photoconductivity.

Investigations on structural, microstructural and electrical properties of sol–gel spin coated Bi0.85La0.15FeO3 thin film

In this communication, structural, microstructural and low magnetic field influenced dielectric and impedance have been investigated for low cost chemically grown Bi0·85La0·15FeO3 thin film grown on FTO glass substrate by using sol–gel spin coating method. X–ray diffraction (XRD) reveals the successful growth of Bi0·85La0·15FeO3 film on FTO substrate. Surface morphology of the film has been examined by scanning probe method. Magnetoelectric (ME) properties of the film have been understood at room temperature. Magnetic field influenced dielectric behavior has been systematically investigated in the frequency range of 20 Hz to 2 MHz. The magnetic field induced alterations in the dielectric constant and impedance behavior at different frequencies confirm the complex nature of ME coupling between spin and lattice of BLFO film. Magnetic field dependent conductivity behaviors show a complex governance of charge carrier movements by the lattice disorder effect and spin alignment of iron ions in the BLFO lattice.

Fabrication of α-Fe2O3/Ag film by spin coating with enhanced photoelectrochemical activity

Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water oxidation represents one of the biggest scientific challenges in producing solar fuels. As a promising photoanode candidate, hematite (α-Fe2O3) suffers from limited separation of photogenerated charges. In this work, a simple spin coating method is reported to obtain α-Fe2O3/Ag films on FTO glass substrates with accurately controlled thickness and composition. The α-Fe2O3 photoanode with appropriate amount of Ag exhibited superior photoelectrochemical performance with a photocurrent density of 1.33 mA/cm2 at 1.23 V, which is 1.77 times higher than that of the pure α-Fe2O3. By calculating the bulk separation efficiency and surface separation efficiency, the significantly enhanced PEC performance is ascribed to the interfacial effect on separating the photogenerated charges in hematite. The method described herein provides a simple and general method for engineering the interface of metal/oxide interface.

Manufacturing a TiO2-Based Semiconductor Film with Nanofluid Pool Boiling and Sintering Processes toward Solar-Cell Applications.

For the first time, nanofluid boiling was applied as a process for the creation of a semiconductor TiO2 nanoparticle film that can be deposited onto a conductive substrate (F-doped SnO2 glass: FTO). A steel-base device designed for pool boiling was used to deposit a TiO2-based nanofluid consisting of nanoparticles with an average size of about 20 nm. The boiling of the nanofluid directly on the FTO glass substrate allowed for the deposition of the nanoparticles onto the FTO surface. In principle, the surface responsible for transferring heat to the fluid can be covered with these nanoparticles when the nanofluid boils. Using the as-deposited films, crystal growth of the TiO2 nanoparticle was controlled by varying the strategies of the post-sintering profile. The maximum temperatures, periods, and ramping rates for the obtained samples were systematically changed. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that a densely packed TiO2-nanoparticle layer was obtained for the as-deposited substrate via pool boiling. For the maximum temperature at 550 °C, the TiO2 grain sizes became larger (~50 nm) and more round-shaped TiO2 nanostructures were identified. Notably, we have demonstrated for the first time how the sintering of TiO2 nanoparticles proceeds for the nanoporous TiO2 films using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM) measurements. We found that the TiO2 nanoparticles fused with each other and crystal growth occurred through neighboring 2–4 nanoparticles for the 550 °C sample, which was proved by the TEM analysis that continuous lattice fringes corresponding to the (101) anatase phase were clearly observed through the entire area of some nanoparticles aligned horizontally. In addition, the loss of the TiO2 nanofluid (precursor solution) was completely avoided in our TiO2 deposition. Unlike the commonly used spin-coating method, nanofluid pool boiling would provide an alternative cost-effective approach to manufacture semiconductor layers for various applications, such as solar cells.

Thin layer of nano nomposite RGO COMOS as a counter electrode on Dye Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC)

This research aims to synthesis of GO using the Hummer method and the effect of adding CoS(Cobalt Sulfide) and CoMoS(Cobalt Molybdenum Sulfide) Nano composites to RGO as a counter electrode of DSSC. RGO doped CoMoS and RGO doped CoMoS was synthesis using solvothermal method by adding nanocomposite CoS and CoMoS to GO by heating 200˚C. RGO CoMoS powder was formed into a paste by stirring and adding a polymer binder. The paste was deposited onto the FTO glass substrate by the slip casting method so that a thin sheet was obtained on the substrate and applied as a counter electrode on the DSSC. This composite will be measured and tested for the morphology of its layer using SEM and tested for electrical properties with Keithley I-V meter. The additional of CoS and CoMoS may cause the changes crystal size of RGO. RGO CoMoS has higher efficiency than GO and RGO. Thin film of RGO CoMoS can be used of counter electrode DSSC that has Voc= 0,39volt, fill factor (FF) 34,32% and η= 1,54%.

Symmetric Supercapacitors of PANI Coated RuO2/TiO2 Macroporous Structures Prepared by Electrostatic Spray Deposition

This work reports the electrochemical performance of PANI coated RuO2/TiO2 (RTO) macroporous structures. The PANI-RTO nanocomposites were binder-free deposited on FTO glass substrates by electrostatic spray deposition (ESD). According to physical characterizations, the content of RTO has a strong influence on the morphology of nanocomposites, and hence, on their specific surface area and hydrophilicity. Electrochemical studies performed in a 0.1 M aqueous solution of H2SO4 demonstrate that PANI-10RTO electrode exhibit the best transport properties, with an energy density of 18.1 Wh kg−1 at a power density 150 W kg−1 within a potential window of 0‒0.6 V vs Ag/AgCl. Furthermore, it shows a coulombic efficiency of 99.8% and capacitance retention above 81.6% after 10,000 charge/discharge cycles. Based on these results, symmetric supercapacitor devices (SSDs) of PANI-10RTO//PANI-10RTO were assembled. When the SSD was operated in a potential window of 0‒0.6 V, it provides a capacitance of 67.4 F g−1 at 0.2 A g−1 alongside a specific energy of 3.37 Wh kg−1 at 60 W kg−1.

Potential of Betanin Natural Dye for Solar Cells Application

Background: A photovoltaic cell, or solar cell, is an electronic component which, exposed to light, produces electricity due to the photovoltaic effect. Organic photovoltaic cells are photovoltaic cells, of which at least the active layer consists of organic molecules. It has a yield of at least 15%. The future prospects of the research for solar cell application have been required for development in the field. Objectives: In this work, we propose this paper to study the potential of purified betanin dye on the DSSC applications. Methods: Extraction was elaborated under sonication conditions (25 kHz, 100 W) for 15 minutes. Various films of TiO2 with different thicknesses were prepared referring to the doctor blade method on an FTO glass substrate. Results: The increase of the thickness value of dye_TiO2 films induces a hyperchromic shift of the emission intensity. Conclusion: In this work, betanin dye was extracted from mature red fruits of Opuntia ficus indica and purified with fractional crystallization protocol using an 8:2 (v/v) ratio of ethyl acetate/ethanol. TiO2_films with different thickness values have been prepared by CV and US sensitization of TiO2_films using betanin dye proving an enhancement on the uniformity distribution of the dye on the film in case of the US method. Emission spectra of Dye_TiO2 films have been measured and show a hyperchromic shift of the emission intensity with the increase of the thickness due to the augmentation of betanin content. A comparison between the photovoltaic properties of prepared betanin_ DSSC and N719 dye_DSSC reveals that betanin dye could be successfully proposed as a sensitizing dye in solar cell applications.

Plug and Play Electrodeposition Cell: A Case Study of Bismuth Ferrite Thin Films for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting

In the present study, we designed and fabricated a cost-effective miniaturized versatile electrochemical deposition cell, which is found to be at par performance as compared with conventional electrodeposition techniques. A case study is being undertaken for the electrodeposition of varied thicknesses of bismuth ferrite (BiFeO3) films on FTO glass substrates. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns confirm the structural perovskite phase of BiFeO3 (BFO). UV–visible absorption spectra and Tauc plot of BFO estimate the direct band gap which lies between 1.9 to 2.1 eV. The properties of the bismuth ferrite crystal system such as electronic band structure and density of states (DOS) are investigated theoretically. Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting application is carried out to investigate the best performance of BFO films of varied thicknesses. The best performer (BFO15) working electrode yields a photocurrent density of ∼35 μA cm−2 at 0.2 V vs RHE under visible LED (light intensity of 100 mW cm−2) in neutral 0.5 M Na2SO4 electrolyte. Incident photon to current conversion (IPCE) measurements, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and Mott-Schottky characteristics confirm the best performance of BFO15 photocathode film.

Enhanced solar water oxidation by CoWO4-WO3 heterojunction photoanode

Tungsten oxide (WO3) is a low band-gap semiconductor with valence band maximum favorably located for photo-electrochemical water oxidation under sunlight but its performance suffers from fast recombination of photo-generated electrons and holes. In order to suppress recombination and reduce photocorrosion, herein, we report the fabrication of a facile heterojunction photoanode design by combining n-type WO3 nanoplates with p-type cobalt tungstate (CoWO4) nanocuboids produced by simple chemical precipitation methods followed by their successive deposition on a FTO glass substrate. The hybrid photoanode not only exhibited a reduction of the onset potential but also demonstrated up to 2.4 times increase in the photocurrent density compared to those with the bare WO3 electrode when tested for photo-electrochemical (PEC) water oxidation using techniques such as linear sweep voltammetry, transient photo amperometry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy under 1.5 AM G simulated solar light. The band aligned hybrid design of the photoanode helped to suppress the recombination of electrons and holes before utilization in water oxidation. In addition, the use of back illumination ensured the avoidance of light shading of primary photo absorber (WO3) by the co-catalyst (CoWO4) as well as reduced photocorrosion of WO 3by electrolyte leading to enhanced and stabilized photocurrent. Thus, the CoWO4 -WO3 based novel photoanode developed in this work shows good promise as a facile, low-cost and durable photoanode for PEC water oxidation, especially at low bias as confirmed by the two-terminal measurements.

Studies on Optical, Structure, and Photoconductivity of Titanium Dioxide Thin Films Prepared by Chemical Bath Deposition Via Aqueous Route

AbstractTitanium dioxide (TiO2) thin films of different concentrations are prepared by using titanium trichloride on conducting FTO glass substrate by chemical bath deposition (CBD) method. The X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD) method is used to study the structure of TiO2 thin film. XRD analysis has confirmed amorphous nature of the TiO2.The surface morphology of the film is studied using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM). The optical properties are studied using the UV‐VIS and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The band gap of prepared titanium dioxide (TiO2) thin film is 2.84 eV. A photo‐electrochemical cell analysis shows that the conversion efficiency of 3.24% with a fill factor of 43%.

On ion transport during the electrochemical reaction on plane and GLAD deposited WO3 thin films

Tungsten oxide thin films were deposited on FTO and Corning glass substrates on Plane and GLAD (75°) using DC magnetron sputtering and characterized using SEM, XRD, UV–Vis spectrophotometer, and Electrochemical analyzer systematically. Further, a comparative analysis was carried out in which it was observed that the result of surface morphology for plane showed the denser and GLAD showed nanopillars deposition. The amorphous nature of the sample was evident from XRD analysis. Optical transmittance was between 87% and 81% for both plane and GLAD. The Electrochemical studies showed the diffusion coefficient of H+ ions are more compared to Li+ ions for both plane and GLAD and Coloration efficiency was calculated at the scan rates of 10, 30, and 50 mV/s at the wavelength of 500 to 600 nm.

Embedded current collectors for efficient large area perovskite solar cells

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are an emerging solar cell technology that has shown the fastest growth in power conversion efficiency (PCE). The present power conversion efficiency record of 25.5% is already comparable to crystalline silicon technology, which is attracting the research and industrial community attention. The main challenges in scaling-up PSCs are the limited conductivity of the transparent electrode and the difficulty in depositing an uniform and defect-free perovskite layer over large areas. This work reports the use of engraved gold metal lines in the FTO glass substrate for increasing its electronic conductivity; the prepared 5 cm2 PSC displays a PCE enhancement of 26% over the cells prepared with pristine FTO substrates.

Low-voltage and fast-response SnO2 nanotubes/perovskite heterostructure photodetector

One-dimensional metal-oxides (1D-MO) nanostructure has been regarded as one of the most promising candidates for high-performance photodetectors due to their outstanding electronic properties, low-cost and environmental stability. However, the current bottlenecks are high energy consumption and relatively low sensitivity. Here, Schottky junctions between nanotubes (NTs) and FTO were fabricated by electrospinning SnO2 NTs on FTO glass substrate, and the bias voltage of SnO2 NTs photodetectors was as low as ∼1.76 V, which can effectively reduce energy consumption. Additionally, for improving the response and recovery speed of SnO2 NTs photodetectors, the NTs were covered with organic/inorganic hybrid perovskite. SnO2 NTs/perovskite heterostructure photodetectors exhibit fast response/recovery speed (∼0.075/0.04 s), and a wide optical response range (∼220–800 nm). At the same time, the bias voltage of heterostructure photodetectors was further reduced to 0.42 V. The outstanding performance is mainly attributed to the formation of type-II heterojunctions between SnO2 NTs and perovskite, which can facilitate the separation of photogenerated carriers, as well as Schottky junction between SnO2 NTs and FTO, which reduce the bias voltage. All the results indicate that the rational design of 1D-MO/perovskite heterostructure is a facile and efficient way to achieve high-performance photodetectors.

First Steps Towards a Joint Measurement System for Light-Addressable Potentiometric Sensors and Light-Addressable Electrodes

Introduction A rapid diagnostic of the patients’ disease is essential for the success of the therapy. To support the doctor, lab-on-a-chip devices could be used. These devices contain different components, which one would primarily find in an analytical laboratory. Typically, sensors, liquid-handling devices or actuators are integrated in a microfluidic channel to allow a medical analysis on a single chip. Through the miniaturization of the single components, only a small volume e.g., of the patients’ blood, is needed and a first diagnosis can be done on-site.In the past research, mostly rigid sensor and actuator structures such as electrodes are integrated in lab-on-a-chip devices. For their implementation, photolithographic fabrication processes are necessary. On the contrary, devices based on semiconductor structures can be spatially and temporally resolved by light, whereby the sophisticated structuring process is no longer required. For sensing, light-addressable potentiometric sensors (LAPS) can detect different target species in the analyte [1,2], while with light-addressable electrodes (LAE), photoelectrochemical reactions can be triggered [3,4].In this work, the joint implementation of these two technologies integrated in a microfluidic channel will be presented for the first time, as depicted in figure 1. Methods and Materials LAPS are based on a semiconductor-insulator-transducer sandwich structure. An applied d.c. bias voltage will induce a space-charge region at the semiconductor-insulator interface. By illumination with an intensity-modulated light source from the rear-side, electron-hole pairs are generated leading to a detectable a.c. photocurrent. Local variations of the analyte concentration at the transducer surface will influence the width of the space-charge region and therewith the photocurrent. Therefore, moving the light source in a scanning like-manner, a spatially resolved mapping of the photocurrent, which is proportional to the analyte concentration, can be recorded.To fabricate the Al/p-Si/SiO2/Ta2O5 field-effect structure of the LAPS chip, SiO2 was grown by a thermal dry oxidation step on a p-doped silicon wafer. Subsequently, Ta was deposited by electron-beam evaporation followed by an oxidation step to achieve the Ta2O5 layer. In a final step, an Al ohmic rear-side contact was prepared and an illumination window was etched inside the Al layer for rear-side illumination.The LAE can be used for the spatially resolved manipulation inside the microfluidic channel. Semiconductors can be applied as electrode materials where charge carriers are generated upon illumination. In contrast to LAPS, LAEs have no insulating layer, which enables a direct charge transfer with the analyte and triggering of surface reactions. By spatially resolved illumination, a localized photocurrent will occur at the illuminated spot, while the remaining electrode is still isolated.A titanium dioxide layer was fabricated by means of pulsed laser deposition on a SnO2:F (FTO) glass substrate. The TiO2 target was vaporized by a KrF excimer laser (wavelength = 248 nm) with a repetition rate of 10 Hz at a pressure of 2x102 hPa O2. During deposition, the FTO glass substrate has been heated up to 400 °C. Results and Conclusions A possible strategy for the implementation of both technologies into a microfluidic channel was introduced. Furthermore, as a proof-of-concept, by local illumination, the pH value inside a microchannel was changed photoelectrocatalytically by the LAE. Simultaneously, a chemical image of the localized pH shift has been recorded by the LAPS. Since both systems can be addressed by light, dynamic manipulation and sensing is possible, which enables an easy adjustment of both technologies at run time. A detailed description of the experiment and the obtained results will be presented and discussed. Acknowledgements This work was supported by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) within “NanoMatFutur“ (13N12585).