FTIR Studies Research Articles

CuO nanoflowers: Multifaceted implications of various precipitating agents on rectification behaviour

In order to achieve the best possible use of traditional energy resources for the preservation of the environment, semiconductor-based optoelectronic devices are one of the most intriguing methods for converting light energy into electrical energy. CuO has been extensively explored as a material for energy conversion and the development of photo-detectors due to its notable characteristics among other metals, especially its non-toxicity, abundance, high efficiency, electrochemical stability and low cost/promising photodiode. However, some drawbacks limit its practical application in white light and photo-detector, including the rapid recombination rate of photo-generated electron-hole pairs and destitute response to visible light. As a result, several strategies have been developed from an optoelectronics perspective to eradicate these deficiencies and make an effort to enhance CuO photodiode activities. In this research work, the electrical characteristics and rectification behaviour of CuO with various precipitating agents have been examined. The CuO nanoparticles can be synthesized by co-precipitation technique prepared with different precipitants. Through this research, several parameters, such as the structural, functional, morphological, optical and electrical characteristics, were investigated by changing the precipitants. The functional group formation of pure CuO phase was confirmed by FT-IR studies. UV–Vis absorption measurements indicate that the band gap of the CuO nanoparticles was ranging from 2.40 to 2.85 eV. As a diode, CuO/p-Si exhibits a non-ideal behaviour and under light conditions with Na2CO3 precipitant, the better ideality factor is about 2.35. The barrier height is determined by the thermionic emission theory to be 0.77 and 0.79 eV in the dark and light conditions respectively.

Isoflavones and lysozyme interplay: Molecular insights into binding mechanisms and inhibitory efficacies of isoflavones against protein modification

In this study, we investigated the complexation of bioactive isoflavones, specifically biochanin A (BCA) and genistein (GEN), with hen egg white lysozyme (HEWL) and explored their inhibitory effects on HEWL modification using a combination of multi-spectroscopic and computational methods. The observed binding affinity was of a moderate nature (on the order of 104 M−1), and a static quenching mechanism was identified in the fluorescence quenching process. Notably, the binding constant (Kb) for GEN (4.449 ± 0.262 × 104 M−1) was found to be higher than that for BCA (3.707 ± 0.108 × 104 M−1) towards HEWL. Our spectroscopic measurements, complemented by molecular docking calculations, suggested the involvement of Trp62 in the binding site of the isoflavones within the geometry of HEWL. The micro-environment surrounding the Trp-residues exhibited an increase in hydrophilicity, as indicated by Synchronous fluorescence (SFS) and three-dimensional fluorescence (3D) studies. Interestingly, circular dichroism (CD) studies revealed no marked alteration in the secondary structure of HEWL upon binding with the isoflavones. Furthermore, our investigation into the interaction patterns, employing FTIR and molecular docking studies, revealed a predominance of hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions. Beyond the binding study, the isoflavones demonstrated a promising inhibitory effect on the d-ribose-mediated glycation of HEWL, as well as on HEWL fibrillation, as evidenced by fluorescence emission studies. Our findings not only exhibited an excellent correlation with experimental observations but also provided precise insights into the location and dynamics of isoflavones within the binding site through detailed analyses of molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation data.

Using predictive models unravel the potential of titanium oxide-loaded activated carbon for the removal of leachate ammoniacal nitrogen.

The TiO2 nanocomposite efficiency was determined under optimized conditions with activated carbon to remove ammoniacal nitrogen (NH3-N) from the leachate sample. In this work, the facile impregnation and pyrolysis synthesis method was employed to prepare the nanocomposite, and their formation was confirmed using the FESEM, FTIR, XRD, and Raman studies. In contrast, Raman phonon mode intensity ratio ID/IG increases from 2.094 to 2.311, indicating the increase of electronic conductivity and defects with the loading of TiO2 nanoparticles. The experimental optimal conditions for achieving maximum NH3-N removal of 75.8% were found to be a pH of 7, an adsorbent mass of 1.75mg/L, and a temperature of 30°C, with a corresponding time of 160min. The experimental data were effectively fitted with several isotherms (Freundlich, Hill, Khan, Redlich-Peterson, Toth, and Koble-Corrigan). The notably elevated R2 value of 0.99 and a lower ARE % of 14.61 strongly support the assertion that the pseudo-second-order model compromises a superior depiction of the NH3-N reduction process. Furthermore, an effective central composite design (CCD) of response surface methodology (RSM) was employed, and the lower RMSE value, precisely 0.45, demonstrated minimal disparity between the experimentally determined NH3-N removal percentages and those predicted by the model. The subsequent utilization of the desirability function allowed us to attain actual variable experimental conditions.

Influence of Cu doping on the functionality of spray coated SnS2 thin films and its photocatalytic degradation of dyes and antibacterial activity

Tin sulfide (SnS2) is a material known for its effective photocatalytic activity due to its affordability and wide light spectrum response. To enhance and optimize its optical and chemical characteristics, doping is a straightforward approach that can improve its photocatalytic efficiency. This work focuses on the effect of Cu doping on the structural, optical, and photocatalytic properties of the thin films prepared by the spray-coating approach. XRD confirms the hexagonal SnS2 structure. As the amount of Cu added increases, the crystallite size decreases while dislocation density rises. The XPS findings show that a low concentration of copper (2%) within the SnS2 thin films exhibits both high solubility and exclusively a monovalent state, in contrast to the 4% concentration. The effective band gap is in the range of 1.9–2.2 eV. SEM image reveals a variety of morphologies, and the porosity is reduced with increasing Cu doping. Furthermore, the FTIR study confirms the Sn-S bond present at 753 cm−1. EPR studies reveal the existence of sulfur vacancies in Cu-doped SnS2. Mechanical properties were also affected, with an observed decrease in microhardness as the dopant concentration increased. The photocatalytic activity of the samples is studied by photocatalytic degradation of malachite green and Congo red dyes under visible light irradiation. Additionally, their antibacterial effect against Escherichia coli was examined. This study shows that an optimal amount of Cu doping can significantly increase the photocatalytic performance of SnS2 for efficiently decomposing organic pollutants and enhancing antibacterial activities.

Comparative Analysis of the Hydrazine Interaction with Arylene Diimide Derivatives: Complementary Approach Using First Principles Calculation and Experimental Confirmation.

Suitable functional group-engineered π-conjugated aromatic dimides based on perylene (PDI) and naphthyl scaffolds (NDI) demonstrated excellent sensitivity toward different gaseous analytes. However, to date, no methodical analysis has been performed to rationalize molecular-level interactions in the context of optical transduction, which is essential for systematic performance optimization of NDI/PDI-based molecular sensors. Therefore, in this present work, NDI/PDI scaffolds have been designed with amino acid functional groups (alanine, ALA and glutamic acid, GLU) at the terminal positions, and we subsequently compared the efficacy of four different imide derivatives as model hosts for hydrazine adsorption. Specifically, the adsorption of hydrazine at different interaction sites has been thoroughly investigated using ab initio calculations, where the adsorption energy, charge transfer, and recovery time have been emphasized. Theoretical results exhibit that irrespective of host specification the COOH groups offer a primary interaction site for hydrazine through the hydrogen bonding interaction. The presence of more COOH groups and relatively stronger interaction with secondary edge oxygen ensure that GLU functional moieties are a superior choice over ALU for efficient hydrazine binding. The molecular energy spectrum analysis exhibits more favorable HOMO/LUMO gap variations after hydrazine interaction in the case of PDI derivatives irrespective to the nature of the amino acid residues. Therefore, by a combination of both factors, PDI-GLU has been identified as the most suitable host molecule for hydrazine among four derivatives. Finally, the key theoretical predictions has been later experimentally validated by analyzing UV-visible spectroscopy and NMR studies, wherein the mechanism of interaction has also been experimentally verified by EPR analysis and FT-IR studies.

Formulation, Optimization and Evaluation of Solid Dispersion of Deferasirox Using Factorial Design

Deferasirox, an oral iron-chelating agent, is a poorly soluble drug (Biopharmaceutical Classification System class II) having insufficient solubility in physiological fluids resulting in low bioavailability of the drug. The idea behind the present study was to explore the prospects of solid dispersion as a prolific method to enhance the dissolution rate of drug using a water soluble polymer. The solid dispersion was prepared by the solvent evaporation technique using Polyvinyl pyrrolidone with different drug to carrier and solvent ratio. Formulations were characterized through attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), and in vitro release studies. A 32 factorial design was implemented to obtain optimum solubility, % yield, and optimization of solid dispersion (SD) also quantitates the influence of PVP on the solubility and dissolution profile. Thedrug-to-carrier and solvent ratio was chosen as independent variable, while %yield, drug content, and saturation solubility were chosen as dependent variables. The results showed that the optimized formulation of SD-DFX was able to significantly enhance its solubility. The SD containing a dispersion of Deferasirox with PVP show an exceptional rise in the solubility. This study describes the development of solid dispersion that significantly improved the solubility and bioavailability of DFX. The FTIR studies indicate the interaction between the drug and polymer. The DSC and XRD analysis indicated that the drug was in an amorphous state when dispersed in the polymer. It is resolved that the SD method significantly improves the solubility and dissolution rate, which could also be exploit for other poorly water soluble drug candidates. Keywords: Deferasirox , Polyvinyl pyrrolidone, solid dispersion, Factorial design, Solubility

Design and Evaluate Terbinafine Hydrochloride Loaded gel by using Modified Tamarind for Topical Drug Delivery

The principal objective of this study is to make and survey the properties of Gel containing terbinafine hydrochloride (TH) stacked niosomal gel by functionalized tamarind involving that might work as effective antifungal medication conveyance frameworks (DDS) for the helpful treatment of contagious contaminations by postponing the prescription delivery. Utilizing a characteristic direct functionalized polymer and the ethanol infusion strategy, niosomal gel was made (thionatinated and sulphonated tamarind). TH stacked niosomal scattering of size going from 100 to 627nm and percent ensnarement effectiveness of 63 to 87% were acquired. Both the factors for example length 60 and cholesterol impact the molecule size and EE (%). In-vitro discharge concentrates on completed in PBS (pH 5.5) for N4 and showcased cream displayed an arrival of 82.72% and 74.92% separately more than 24hr. The details of the Nanosponges were assessed for their rates of creation yield (PY), entanglement effectiveness (EE), and medication stacking (%DL). FTIR, DSC and PXRD studies uncovered that the greater part of the medication was scattered all through the niosomes. DSC and XRD concentrates on additionally shown that medication was in undefined state in the N4 cluster while unadulterated TH was in translucent state. FESEM, TEM and AFM pictures showed that niosomes had round shape with smooth surface. CLSM picture demonstrated the smooth and bilayer design of niosomes. 1%w/v TH (0.1%) stacked niosomal Sulphonated and thionated tamarindgel were ready and portrayed for consistency studies. The consistency of fake treatment Sulphonated and thionated tamarind and TH stacked niosomal gels with both were viewed as 20,500cps, 43,000cps, 10,300cps and 34,600cps respectively. It was apparent from the pH and spreadability boundaries that the fake treatment and TH stacked niosomal gels are viable for skin delivery.In-vitro discharge concentrates on did in PBS (pH 5.5) for THNTT gel, THNST gel and showcased cream wereshowed 74.92±0.98 %,99.07±1.03% and 101.02±0.87% discharge toward the finish of 24 hr respectively.Amount of medication held in skin after 24 hr was 47.68 for THNTT gel while for promoted gel, it was viewed as 27.67 showing THNTT has great skin maintenance properties than advertised cream (Texifen).CLSM investigation of Wistar rodent skin uncovered that niosomes were circulated all through skin with high fluorescence power which ready to help ex vivo skin penetration and maintenance result.No indications of disturbance were seen upon the utilization of fake treatment gel, N4 niosomal scattering, THNTT gel, and advertised cream of TH to the Wistar rodents skin ,affirming that pre-arranged N4 niosomal scattering as well as THNTT gel are liberated from irritation. In vitro antifungal movement study for THNTT gel and showcased cream were performed for both Aspergillusniger (ATCC 10578) and Candida albicans (CA14, clinical confine) and results showed that N4 gel would be advised to antifungal action in contrast with promoted cream.In vivo pharmacodynamic concentrates on showed that THNTT gel lessens parasitic weight or count more actually than advertised cream.

Tracking success of interaction of green-synthesized Carbopol nanoemulgel (neomycin-decorated Ag/ZnO nanocomposite) with wound-based MDR bacteria

Abstract Multidrug-resistant wound infections are a global health threat and a leading cause of death, persisting despite available treatments due to antibiotic resistance, biofilms, and ineffective drug delivery systems. The aim of this study is to (i) formulate an innovative nano-drug delivery system (NDDS) based on a Carbopol nanoemulgel (NEG) co-loaded with neomycin-silver/zinc oxide nanocomposite (NC) that could fight clinical MDR and treat biofilm-forming wound pathogens through topical application, and (ii) assess its in vivo wound-healing potential. The silver/zinc oxide (Ag/ZnO) NC was synthesized by co-inoculating the metabolites of Aspergillus welwitschiae and Meyerozyma guilliermondii. The synthesized NC was then conjugated with neomycin and loaded into a Carbopol NEG for efficient topical delivery. The resulting Neo-Ag/ZnO NEG was characterized physicochemically (e.g., UV-visible [UV-Vis] spectrophotometry, field emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared [FTIR] spectroscopy), biologically (e.g., in vitro antimicrobial, antibiofilm, and hemolytic activities), and pharmacologically (e.g., drug content, ex vivo drug release behavior, and in vivo wound-healing potential). The physicochemical analysis confirmed the successful mycosynthesis of the Carbopol NEG-loaded Neo-Ag/ZnO NC. SEM depicted a crystalline polyhedral shape of the small NC (average particle size of 38 nm). FTIR studies showed a slight interaction with the drug and other bioactive moieties in the Carbopol NEG. The Neo content in the Carbopol NEG was as high as 98%, and a maximum release of 81% for Neo, Ag, and ZnO ions was noticed after 12 h. The NDDS appeared hemocompatible and displayed a minimal inhibition concentration of 0.002 µg/mL with the greatest antimicrobial potential against S. aureus (an inhibition zone of 46 mm) compared to other tested wound microbes (p < 0.05). Statistically significant wound-healing activity was found for NDDS (p = 0.0001) in comparison to the control at a concentration of 100 mg/mL. The results showed that this newly developed Carbopol NEG-loaded neo-Ag/ZnO NC appeared promising for controlling resistant skin infections and boosting wound regeneration.

Influence of pH on growth, structural, thermal, linear and nonlinear optical properties of L-asparagine monohydrate single crystal

This report presents investigation on influence of pH on growth, structural, thermal, linear and nonlinear optical properties of L-asparagine monohydrate (LAM) single crystal for the first time. Single crystals of LAM were grown at different pH by solution growth method by allowing slow evaporation of solvent. Crystal grown at pH 6.4 grows slowly as compare to other crystals grown at other pH values. The slight variation in lattice parameters of grown crystals has been confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction study. FT-IR study confirms the presence of functional groups of LAM in all grown crystals. Influence of pH on optical quality of crystals has been discussed. The crystal grown at pH 5.4 has maximum optical transparency and shows 2 and 20 % more transmission than crystals grown at pH 4.4 and 6.4, respectively. Other optical parameters like cutoff wavelength (λmax), band gap (Eg), linear refractive index (n), reflectance, extinction coefficient (k), electrical susceptibility (χ), optical conductivity(σop), electrical conductivity (σel) and Urbach energy (Eu) of all crystals have been evaluated from transmission data. The LAM crystal grown at pH 6.4 show high values of third order nonlinear optical parameters, as compare to other grown crystals, that attest its suitability for applications like higher harmonic generation, optical switching, optical limiting and other photonic applications over other grown crystals. Thermal stability of the grown crystals has been attested by TG-DTA study.

Mosquito larvicidal bioassay with the fruit extracts of Diospyros kaki on filarial vector Culex quinquefasciatus

Due to the emergence of resistance of the commonly used synthetic pesticide, vector control is in grave danger. Application of biocontrol agents may be a suitable alternative approach in vector control. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the larvicidal effectiveness of crude and methanolic fruit extracts of Diospyros kaki against Culex quinquefasciatus, the carrier of human filarial worm. The methanol extract showed promising result in biocontrol assay than crude extract. The methanolic extract had the LC50 and LC90 values of 46 ppm and 186 ppm, respectively against 1st instar larvae after 72 hours of exposure, The rate of mortality was positively associated with the solvent extracts in increasing concentrations, having a regression coefficient value near to 1 in each case, showing a definite positive dose-dependent mortality. During chemical characterization of the solvent extract by GC-MS and FT-IR studies, some bioactive compounds like 5,8,11,14,17-Eicosapentaenoic Acid, Methyl 4,7,10,13,16,19-Docosahexaenoate, cyclotrisiloxane hexamethyl and Arsenous acid, tris(trimethylsilyl) ester were identified that showed the larvicidal activity against mosquito larvae either singly or jointly. Thus, D. kaki fruit extract showed excellent potential as a bio control agent for Cx. quinquefasciatus and the isolated bioactive phytochemical may be utilized as a source of a powerful insecticide.

Microwave synthesis of magnesium phosphate-rGO as an effective electrode for supercapacitor application

Abstract Transition metal phosphate based materials is being used for energy storage because of P–O covalent bond which facilitates more storage compared to other transition metals and this covalent bond enhanced the electrochemical performance for supercapacitor applications. Pure magnesium phosphate (Mg3(PO4)2) were synthesized via microwave synthesis as the composite varies with rGO (MgPO-XrGO) X=25,50,75,100mg. The prepared composite materials were examined employing XRD, Raman, FT-IR, SEM and XPS studies. Electrochemical studies (CV, EIS, GCD) of three electrode system for the prepared electrodes were performed using Biologic SP-150 with 2M (H2SO4) as electrolyte. From the XRD results, triclinic structured MgPO was confirmed (JCPDS card #35–0329) and rGO has enhanced the crystallinity of MgPO composite. From Raman analyses, the well graphitization nature of rGO in composite MgPO was identified and from XPS analysis chemical composition of the elements was analyzed. The FT-IR fundamental modes of vibrations of PO 4 3 − ${\text{PO}}_{4}^{3-}$ (γ 1,γ 3,γ 4) were obtained. The electrochemical analysis of the prepared material such as pure and composite materials showed better performance. The high specific capacitance was obtained for MgPO-50rGO because MgPO has high coordination with rGO. As Mg2+ oxidation state has high chemical reactivity compared to other earth metals and other advantage is P–O covalent bond that enhanced the performance of the electrode. By facilitating these advantages, rGO is included as composite to develop the electrode to favor the practical applications. By using the optimum level rGO composite with MgPO4-50rGO a better new candidate was successfully developed for supercapacitor applications. The fabricated MgPO-50rGO//Activate carbon full cell set up exhibited the specific capacitance 61 Fg−1 at 1 Ag−1, 21.7 Wh kg−1 energy density and 790.0 W kg−1 power densities and explored outstanding capacitive retention in 2 electrode full cell setup cyclic stability of 99.1 % over the 5000 cycles.

2D g-CN@Ni-bpy MOF nano-composite for photocatalytic activity

Ni-bpy MOF and g-CN@Ni-bpy MOF composite were fabricated by a one-pot solvothermal technique. The morphological and elemental composition was put forward by the study of PXRD, FT-IR, XPS, FE-SEM, EDS, HRTEM and UV-DRS. The as-synthesized nano-composite was effectively utilized as catalyst for Z-scheme degradation of Malachite green dye under natural sunlight. The g-CN@Ni-bpy MOF nano-catalyst caused degradation of 97.7 % of the dye within 45 min without the aid of any further additives. Furthermore, the mechanism of Z- scheme degradation over g-CN@Ni-bpy MOF was also investigated. From all this, it can be concluded that g-CN@Ni-bpy MOF is a potential catalyst for wastewater remediation.

A Ratiometric Green Fluorescent Carbazole-Bis(hydrazinobenzothiazole) Probe for the Selective Detection of Toxic Hg2+ Ions in Real Water Samples.

A dyad Carbazolyl-bis(hydrazinobenzothiazole) was designed to form a symmetrical structure that containing two-arm active binding sites facilitates coordination with Hg2+ ion. This sensor has imparted a colorimetric and fluorometric changes in presence of Hg2+ ions. The ligand showed a selective blue shift in presence of Hg2+even in co-existence with heavy metal ions with luminescence change from colorless to blue and colorless to green under day light. Enhanced Intramolecular charge transfer process is responsible for fluorescence transformation when ligand interacts with Hg2+ ion. The emission spectra showed a ratiometric response to increasing addition of Hg2+ ions. The sensor is capable of detecting above the lower concentration of 6.8025×10-8 M. The fluorescence efficiency of CBT-2 with Hg2+ ion is quite stable under different co-metal ions and wide range of pH 6 to 9. The sensor CBT-2 forms a 1 : 1 stoichiometric complex with Hg2+ ions and the binding nature is confirmed from the 1H-NMR, FTIR, and mass spectroscopic studies. The sensor CBT-2 and its Hg2+ complex possess good binding nature to protein in Bovine Serum Albumin which could be good in biological applications. Additionally, wedevelop a practical application in real water sample analysis and electrochemical detection via oxidation potential discrimination.

Valorization and kinetic modeling of biosurfactant produced by Kocuria marina DAGII using waste cooking oil as a substrate

Microbial biosurfactant has wide applications in industrial sectors owing to their eco-friendly and biocompatible nature giving, an alternative to chemically synthesized surfactants. In our study, Kocuria marina DAG II, an isolated bacterium was observed to produce a biosurfactant. The production of biosurfactant was established by oil-spreading (3.72 ± 0.15 cm), drop collapse, and CTAB (Cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide) assay. Biosurfactant activity was re-confirmed by the reduction in surface tension of uninoculated broth from 68.52 mN/m to 47.40 ± 0.57 mN/m. Chemical characterization study of the biosurfactant was done by TLC (thin-layer chromatography) indicating the presence of proteins (Rf = 0.78 ± 0.08), lipids (Rf = 0.79 ± 0.09), and polysaccharides (Rf = 0.81 ± 0.06). FTIR and NMR (1HNMR and 13CNMR) studies confirmed the presence of different functional groups and revalidated the presence of amino acids, lipids, and polysaccharides in the biosurfactant. From the optimization study, the highest production of biosurfactant having a yield of 3.05 ± 0.05 g/L was obtained at a temperature of 31 °C and pH 8, when kept for an incubation period of 88 hr. The addition of rancid and waste-frying mustard oil and used engine oil could enhance the production of biosurfactant by Kocuria marinaDAGII hence substantiating the concept of value-added biosurfactant production from waste. Kinetic modeling showed a good fit between experimental and predicted values using modified Gompertz model with R2 values of 0.99 and 0.99. The biosurfactant exhibited radical scavenging activity through DPPHand ABTS assays with IC50 values of 1.29 mg/ml and 0.56 mg/ml respectively. The biosurfactant produced by Kocuria marina DAG II could be utilized for various applications, bypassing the need for a synthetic surfactant.

ENHANCING NOSE- TO- BRAIN DELIVERY OF PIRIBEDIL: DEVELOPMENT OF A NANOSUSPENSION DISPERSED IN NASAL IN-SITU GELLING SYSTEM

Objective: This study focuses on improving the delivery of Piribedil, a poorly soluble drug, to the brain through the nasal route using a nanosuspension in a nasal in-situ gel. Methods: The nanosuspension was prepared using the sonoprecipitation method. Quality-by-Design (QbD) principles were used to optimize both the formulation and process parameters. The optimal process parameters were determined as sonication time (7.09 min), sonication amplitude (83.44%), and infusion rate (2.41 mL/min) with a desirability value of 0.970. Results: The nanosuspension exhibited an average particle size ranging from 46.7 nm to 50.1 nm, and polydispersity index values between 0.393 and 0.425. Zeta potential values ranged from -33.78 ± 1.86 mV to -35.06 ± 2.12 mV, indicating favorable stability. FTIR studies revealed molecular interactions between Piribedil and stabilizers. XRPD and DSC analyses showed the transition from a crystalline to an amorphous state in the nanosuspension. Dissolution studies demonstrated significantly accelerated dissolution for the Piribedil nanosuspension, attributed to its nanosize and improved wettability. Stability assessments confirmed the robustness of the nanosuspension. Conclusion: This innovative approach offers potential solutions for drug solubility challenges and blood-brain barrier penetration, holding promise for effective brain-targeted treatments.

Synthesis, characterisation and in vitro anticancer activity of conjugated protease inhibitor-silver nanoparticles (AgNPs-PI) against human breast MCF-7 and prostate PC-3 cancer cell lines.

The conjugated silver nanoparticles using biomolecules have attracted great attention of researchers because physical dimensions and surface chemistry play important roles in toxicity and biocompatibility of AgNPs. Hence, in the current study, synthesis of bio-conjugated AgNPs with protein protease inhibitor (PI) isolated from Streptomyces spp. is reported. UV-visible spectra of PI and AgNPs showed stronger peaks at 280 and 405nm, confirming the synthesis of conjugated AgNPs-PI. TEM and SEM images of AgNPs-PI showed spherical-shaped nanoparticles with a slight increase in particle size and thin amorphous layer around the surface of silver nanomaterial. Circular dichroism, FT-IR and fluorescence spectral studies confirmed AgNPs-PI conjugation. Conjugated AgNPs-PI showed excellent anticancer potential than AgNPs and protease inhibitor separately on human breast MCF-7 and prostate PC-3 cell lines. The findings revealed that surface modification of AgNPs with protein protease inhibitor stabilised the nanomaterial and increased its anticancer activity.

Study on the molecular interactions of some binary mixtures through thermodynamic properties and FT-IR spectra and correlation with the Jouyban–Acree model

ABSTRACT Densities (ρ), speeds of sound (u) and viscosities (η) were measured for three binary mixtures of propargyl alcohol with tetra chloromethane, trichloromethane, and dichloromethane from 303.15 K to 313.15 K at atmospheric pressure across the composition range. Excess molar volume, excess isentropic compressibility, deviation in viscosity, and excess Gibbs free energy of activation of viscous flow were calculated. Partial molar properties and infinite dilution molar partial properties were also determined for each system. Results suggest heteroassociates forming cross complexes and chemical forces with specific interactions. PFP theory was used to identify the predominant molecular interactions. The Jouyban–Acree model findings were discussed, considering mean relative deviation (MRDs) and individual relative deviation (IRD) between calculated and experimental data. FTIR studies were included to corroborate the experimental findings.

Benzotriazole loaded polypyrrole/cerium oxide synthesized composite blend within epoxy resin designed as superior coatings against mild steel oxidative corrosion in sodium chloride medium

In the present research work, benzotriazole or BTA-loaded polypyrrole/CeO2 (PCeB) coatings with different weight fractions as 0.5 %, 1.0 %, and 1.5 % blended with epoxy resin (EPR) were prepared and used to inspect the self-healing and corrosion protection behavior of the composite polypyrrole/CeO2 or PCe prior and after the loading of BTA. The synthesized composites were characterized structurally by XRD and FTIR studies and morphologically by SEM analysis. The surface topology of the coatings over mild steel was analyzed through SEM and AFM studies, furthered with the wettability/water resistance of coated surfaces through contact angle measurements, wherein BTA as inhibitor release rate was studied by the ultra-violet spectroscopy to assess the release amount of BTA within 220–400 nm. The corrosion protection of coated samples was evaluated by the potentiodynamic polarization method and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy or EIS, immersing the steel samples in 3.5 % NaCl solutions. There is a positive shift in Ecorr values and the composite PCeB/EPR (1 %) showed a stupendous protection efficiency of 99.95 % after 3 h immersion obtained through the EIS studies. These findings indicate that Polypyrrole/CeO2@BTA could be a potential substitute for persistent anticorrosive coatings for mild steel against aggressive chloride ions.

Investigation of acoustical excess parameters and FTIR studies for binary liquid mixtures of tetrachloroethylene and cyclopentanone at different temperatures.

Abstract Speed of sound (U), Density (ρ), and viscosity (η) values of liquid mixtures of Tetrachloroethylene with Cyclopentanone and pure liquids were determined at regular intervals of molar range at different temperatures (303.15, 308.15, 313.15, 318.15) K. From the experimentally determined values, thermo-acoustic parameters such as excess molar volume (VE) and excess free length (Lf E), excess Gibb’s free energy (ΔGE) and excess enthalpy (HE) have been estimated. The variations of the above parameters discussed based on intermolecular interactions existing in this binary mixture. The computed values of sound speed in the mixture from various theories are compared with experimentally calculated values and have a clear check to validate the theories for the present system, and FTIR studies provide detailed analysis of molecular interactions.

Synthesis and characterization of graphene oxide, tin oxide, and reduced graphene oxide-tin oxide nanocomposites

The present study reports the synthesis and characterization of graphene oxide (GO), tin oxide nanostructures, and reduced GO (rGO)-tin oxide nanocomposites. The modified Hummer's method was used for the synthesis of GO. Tin oxide nanoparticles were synthesized by co-precipitation method using SnCl2 as tin source. The rGO-tin oxide nanocomposites were synthesized by hydrothermal method using GO and SnCl2 as tin source. The synthesized nanostructures were characterized using powder XRD, FESEM, EDX spectroscopy, TEM, SAED, FTIR spectroscopy, UV–visible spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and TGA. The XRD pattern of the graphite powder shows intense (002) plane peak at 2θ = 26.78° along with the other graphitic XRD peaks. In addition, XRD peaks at 2θ ∼ 14°, 16.8°, 21.18°, and 24.18° were also observed. The characteristic GO (001) plane peak in the XRD pattern could be not be observed in the oxidative exfoliation GO. The Raman spectrum of the graphite powder shows intense crystalline G band, low-intensity defect related D, multi-layered graphitic flake related 2D-band with intensity ratio ID/IG=0.08 and I2D/IG=0.46. The oxidative exfoliated GO shows the degradation of the graphite XRD peaks, but the characteristic GO (001) plane XRD peak could not be observed. The TEM image shows the formation of GO sheets on the oxidative exfoliation of graphite. The d-spacing obtained from the observed hexagonal SAED pattern of the oxidative exfoliated GO was found to be much lower than graphite d-spacing. Raman, UV–visible, FTIR, and TGA studies indicate the formation of GO under oxidative exfoliation of graphite under Hummer’s method. The band gap values of around 1.70 eV from the UV–visible optical absorption also indicates the formation of graphene in the oxidative exfoliated GO. The observed results indicate the formation of graphene embedded amorphous GO.