Momordica Charantia Fruit Research Articles

Lipids profile of bitter melon (Momordica charantia L .) fruit and ebony (Diospyros mespiliformis Hochst ex A. DC .) tree fruit pulp

There are several underexploited plant seeds or fruits in Nigeria with little information about their chemical composition. To this end a comprehensive study on fatty acid, phospholipids and phytosterols composition of bitter melon (Momordica charaantia) fruit and ebony tree (Diospyros mespiliformis) fruit pulp were determined using standard analytical techniques. The most concentrated fatty acid (%) was linoleic acid in Momordica charantia fruit (45.47) and 44.82 in Diospyros mespiliformis fruit pulp. The increasing order of the concentrated fatty acids in Momordica charantia fruit were: linolenic acid (2.38) < stearic acid (7.52) < oleic acid (20.18) < palmitic acid (23.64) < linoleic acid (45.47) while that of Diospyros mespiliformis fruit pulp were: linolenic acid (5.73) < stearic acid (8.62) < oleic acid (18.95) < palmitic acid (20.88) < linoleic acid (44.82). Arachidonic, arachidic, palmitoleic, margaric, behenic, erucic, lignoceric, myristic, lauric, capric and caprylic acids were present in small quantities with none of them recording up to 1.0% in both of the two samples. The results also showed low concentration of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) (20.41%) in Momordica charantia fruit and 19.13% in Diospyros mespiliformis fruit pulp, and values of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) were 2.44 and 5.78% for the two samples, respectively. The respective phospholipids composition showed a highest concentration of phosphatidylcholine in Momordica charantia and Diospyros mespiliformis (100.31and 88.12 mg/100 g) while lysophosphatidylcholine and phosphatidic acid were the least concentrate values of 12.62 and 14.52 mg/100 g in Momordicacharantia and Diospyros mespiliformis, respectively. The concentrations of phytosterols were of low values except in sitosterol with values of 153.28 and 119.46 mg/100 g in Momordica charantia and Diospyros mespiliformis, respectively. This study provides an informative lipid profile that will serve as a basis for further chemical investigations and nutritional evaluation of Momordica charantia fruit and Diospyros mespiliformis fruit pulp.
 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res.54(4), 367-374, 2019

Toxicity and teratogenicity evaluation of hydroethanolic extract of momordica charantia fruit using zebrafish (DANIO RERIO) embryos model

The use of zebrafish vertebrate model in vivo analysis of the drug toxicity and efficacy, chemical toxicity, and safety is increasing in recent researches. Momordica charantia Linn (Cucurbitaceae) has been traditionally claimed for its many protective roles. However, the development of toxicity effect may cause morphological abnormalities by using an embryo of zebrafish (Danio Rerio) is unknown. Hence, this study was designed to determine the toxicity and teratogenic effect of hydroethanolic extract of M. charantia fruit using Zebrafish (Danio Rerio) embryos. The crude extract was prepared from the fruit of M. charantia using 80% hydroethanolic solvent. The zebrafish embryos were exposed to serial dilution of crude extract. The active constituent was analyzed using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrophotometry (GC-MS) Momordica charantia Linn (Cucurbitaceae) has been widely commercialized based on traditional usage as an antidiabetic product. The current study has shown the toxic effects of the M. charantia fruit extract on the developing zebrafish embryos, and the median lethal concentration (LC50) was calculated to be 725.90 mg/L at 48 hpt. The observed effects are dependent on the time of exposure and concentrations of the extract. At higher concentration, the extract causes some morphological defects such as less pigmentation, dented tail, spinal curvature, oedema, reduced hatchability, and growth retardation, that indicates the presence of toxicant(s). Based on the GC-MS profiling, some of the compounds identified in the hydroethanolic extract, such as propanedioic acid and glutamine, may have caused the teratogenic effects to the embryos. Further research on the M. charantia fruit's metabolites should be carried out prior to any nutraceutical or pharmaceutical application.

Improvement on metabolic syndrome in high fat diet-induced obese mice through modulation of gut microbiota by sangguayin decoction.

Our previous research found that Sangguayin (SGY) deccoction made by four dietary and medicinal plant components (Leaf of Morus alba L., Root of Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi., Root of Dioscorea opposita Thunb. and Fruit of Momordica charantia L.) showed significant anti-diabetic effects on db/db mice and high fat diet induced obese mice. Nevertheless, it remained unclear what the role of gut microbiota in the hypoglycaemia effects of SGY. This study aimed to examine the beneficial effects of Sangguayin Deccoction against metabolic syndrome and and its regulating role in gut microbiota and hepatic metabolome. C57BL/6J mice were divided to a normal chow diet (NCD), high-fat diet (HFD), and high-fat diet with Sangguayin Decoction (HFD-SGY, oral dose of 250 mg/kg/d) for 16 weeks. Next generation sequencing was applied for analyzing the gut microbial community of colonic contents. Further, untargeted metabolomic analysis based on LC-MS was used for determining the changes of hepatic metabolites. Hepatic genes expression were measured by quantitative PCR. SGY supplement decreased blood glucose level and glucose intolerance. Illumina MiSeq sequencing revealed that SGY increased Verrucomicrobia phylum, resulting in a bloom of Akkermansia, and eventually upregulated the contents of Lachoclostridium and Roseburia. Additionally, dietary SGY decreased bacteria including Faecalibaculum, and Blautia. Moreover, the hepatic lipid metabolism was notably altered by SGY treatment. The oxidation of glutamione metabolism idecreasees, production of poly-unsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) got significant increase in liver tissue. The reversion of PUFA metabolism by SGY may act through PPARα mediated Fads1 and Fads2 gene expression. The altered metabolites in liver showed intimate correlatship with modified genera. Data indicated that SGY reshaped gut microbial structure and improved PUFA metabolism. These functions of SGY may alter hepatic lipid metabolism, conferring preventative effects against high-fat diet induced metabolic syndrome.

Nanoliposomal encapsulation of Bitter Gourd (Momordica charantia) fruit extract as a rich source of health-promoting bioactive compounds

Bitter Gourd fruit is a rich source of antioxidants and anti-diabetic compounds but due to its instability and bitter taste, there are limitations for adding in food formulations. Our goal was to load this charantin-rich extract within nanoliposomes; the studied variables were different concentrations of lecithin (1, 3, 5% w/w) and extract (0.5, 1% w/w). Physicochemical properties including particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential and encapsulation efficiency were determined along with characterization of chemical bonds and morphology by FTIR and atomic force microscopy (AFM). It was found that particle size and PDI varied in the range of 125–255 nm and 0.167–0.235, respectively. Z-potential of nanoliposomes (−38.5 to −35.5 mV) indicated a good electrostatic repulsion and high physical stability. Encapsulation efficiency varied from 72.95 to 84.43% so that nanoliposomes containing 1% lecithin and 0.5% extract had the highest encapsulation efficiency. FTIR results suggested the formation of hydrogen bonds between polar areas of lecithin and hydroxyl groups of the extract. AFM images indicated the existence of nano-scaled particles with relatively spherical structures and uniform size distribution. Our study indicated the high efficiency of nanoliposomes for loading bioactive compounds of Bitter Gourd extract and its possible use in food and drink formulations.

Synergistic Antidiabetic and Antihyperlipidaemic Activity of Glibenclamide by Integrating Momordica charantia Fruit Juice in Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Rat

Diabetes mellitus is among the most common disorder in developed and developing countries, and the disease is increasing rapidly in most parts of the world. It has been estimated that up to one-third of patients with diabetes mellitus use some form of complementary and alternative medicine. The aim of the present study was to evaluate synergistic antidiabetic and antihyperlipidaemic effects of Momordica charantia fruit juice along with Glibenclamide (lower dose) on glucose tolerance and lipid profile in streptozotocin induced diabetic rat. The Momordica charantia fruit juice (MCFJ) were prepared and different combination of MCFJ and Glibenclamide was evaluated for antidiabetic activity in experimental animals. The administration of MCFJ along with Glibenclamide significantly decreased the blood glucose levels compared to control diabetic rats. The MCFJ along with Glibenclamide significantly lowered the elevated total cholesterol, triglycerides (TGL), total protein and low density lipoprotein (LDL) level while increased the high density lipoprotein (HDL) indicates the antihyperlipidaemic activity. The findings demonstrated the MCFJ enhanced antidiabetic and antihyperlipidaemic activity of Glibenclamide and produced higher protective effect from diabetes.

Electrochemical Studies of Bitter Gourd (Momordica charantia) fruits as Ecofriendly Corrosion Inhibitor for Mild Steel in 1 M HCl Solution

Electrochemical Studies of Bitter Gourd (Momordica charantia) fruits as Ecofriendly Corrosion Inhibitor for Mild Steel in 1 M HCl Solution

Four new cucurbitane-type triterpenes from Momordica charantia L. with their cytotoxic activities and protective effects on H2O2-damaged pancreatic cells.

Four new cucurbitane-type triterpenes were isolated from the fruit of Momordica charantia L. The structures of the new compounds were identified based on HR-ESI-MS and 1D- and 2D-NMR spectroscopic methods. The cytotoxicity of the isolated compounds was evaluated using three human cancer cell lines, HeLa, Caco2, and U87. Compound 3 exhibited significant cytotoxic activity against HeLa cells with an IC50 value of 11.18μM. Additionally, the cytoprotective activity of these compounds was determined in vitro against H2O2-induced pancreatic injury. The results revealed that all the compounds obtained possess cytoprotective effects against H2O2-induced injury in MIN6 β-cells at a concentration of 10μM.

Biochemical characterization of Momordica charantia (leaf and fruit) and effect of soluble extract on MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines

Abstract. Ansari AA, Singh J, Aminuddin M. 2019. Biochemical characterization of Momordica charantia (leaf and fruit) and effect of soluble extract on MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines. Cell Biol Dev 3: 1-5. Cancer is a serious worldwide problem targeted by various treatments, including traditional medicinal plants. One known medicinal plant is bitter gourd (Momordica charantia), which has been investigated for its anti-cancerous properties. This study was carried out to explore the biochemical analysis of different components of M. charantia (leaf and fruit) and the effect of alcoholic extract of M. charantia to investigate their potential effect on MCF-7 breast cancer cell line in comparison to cisplatin, a commercial anti-cancer drug. The different components (leaf and fruit) were separated, dried, and converted to powdered form. MCF-7 (human mammary primary epithelial cancer cells) breast cancer cell line was treated with different concentrations (8 - 800 µg/mL) of the soluble extract and cisplatin (all dissolved in DMSO and diluted in the incubating medium) for 48 hours. Initial time course experiments established that maximal cell death occurred between 24-48 hours. Cell viability (cell death) was measured using an established method. The results have shown that with the MCF-7 cell line, the extract at a high concentration (800 µg/mL) was more effective in killing the cancer cells when compared to cisplatin. The present results have clearly shown that the soluble ethanol extract of M. charantia, especially at high doses, can be used effectively to treat breast cancer.

Susceptibility of poultry associated bacterial pathogens to Momordica charantia fruits and evaluation of in vitro biological properties

The emerging incidence of antibiotic resistance trait among the bacteria populating poultry presents a devastating public health issue. On the other hand, at present, diabetes and obesity are the most serious public health issues and are increasing subsequently at alarming rate. In view of this, the present in vitro context was aimed to investigate the antibacterial activities of Momordica charantia (M. charantia) fruits extracts against poultry associated Bacillus spp. and to assess further its phytoconstituents, alpha-(α)-glucosidase activities, and anti-obesity properties. The anti-pathogenic attributes of M. charantia fruit extracts were carried out using disc diffusion assay and results showed the pronounced antibacterial trait of ethanolic extract with maximum zone of inhibition of 28.3 ± 1.2 mm against Bacillus licheniformis. The qualitative phytochemical analyses of fruit extracts illustrated the presence of diverse phytoconstituents. The α-glucosidase inhibition assay for the extracts was performed according to the α-glucosidase activity kit. The results depicted the lowest α-glucosidase activity (57.13 ± 2.3 to 18.14 ± 1.3 U/L) in the presence of ethanolic extract at varied concentrations. The anti-obesity potentialities of fruit extracts were demonstrated in terms of porcine pancreatic lipase (PPL type II) activity using p-nitro-phenyl butyrate (p-NPB) as a substrate. The ethanolic extract of M. charantia fruits was observed to exhibit maximum inhibition of pancreatic lipase ranging from 20.12 ± 2.3 to 68.34 ± 1.3% in a dose dependent manner with an IC50 value of 607.6 ± 1.3 μg/mL. FTIR and GC-MS results indicated the presence of distinct compounds in the ethanol extract and major bioactive constituents were found to be Dimethyl sulfone (35.24%), 9-octadecanamide (20.52%), Pentadecanoic acid (6.64%), Lanost-9 (11)-en-18-oic acid, 23-(acetylxyl)-3-(4-bromobenzoyl) oxyl-20-hydroxyl-gamma-lactone (2.6%), and 2,2-sulfonyldiethanol (2.46%). In conclusion, M. charantia fruits could be of great concern in pharmaceutical industries due to its adequate biological properties and may also help in the management of poultry associated bacterial pathogens.

Study of pancreatic lipase inhibition kinetics and LC-QTOF-MS-based identification of bioactive constituents of Momordica charantia fruits.

The different parts of Momordica charantia have been reported to have several therapeutic applications against hyperglycemia and hypercholesterolemia associated with pancreatic lipase (PL). Inhibition of this enzyme prevents the absorption of dietary triglyceride in the intestine, and thus exerts an anti-obesity effect. This study aimed to investigate the bioactive constituents of the fruits of M. charantia (MCF) extract and fractions against pancreatic PL followed by study of their inhibition kinetics. The PL inhibitory assay was performed spectrophotometrically by measuring the change in absorbance of the products at 405 nm, using p-nitrophenylcaprylate as substrate. The results indicated that the ethyl acetate fraction of MCF (EFMC) offered significant, dose-dependent inhibition against PL, compared with the positive control, Orlistat. The enzyme kinetics study revealed the inhibition to be a mixed type in nature. Additionally, the total phenol and flavonoid content of the fractions was estimated. A positive correlation between phenolic content of EFMC and its PL inhibitory activity was established statistically, which implied that higher inhibition potential was contributed by the phenolic compounds. The identification of the bioactive constituents was further confirmed by LC-QTOF-MS study. This finding suggested that phenolic compounds of MCF can serve as functional food components to address obesity-related disorders linked with PL.

Comparison of charantin extract from Momordica Charantia using modified supercritical carbon dioxide and soxhlet extraction method

Charantin extract from Momordica Charantia fruits for anti-diabetic compound was proposed via Supercritical Fluid Extraction using carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) as solvent. This method is a promising alternative technique to a conventional Soxhlet and shaking water bath extraction method. Experiments were conducted to analyze the charantin i) with and without modifier (ethanol), ii) Soxhlet extraction with four types of solvent (distilled water, ethanol, dichloromethane, and petroleum ether) and iii) shaking water bath with distilled water as a solvent. A purification step was conducted post extraction to remove intrusive components such as chlorophylls and sugar from analyte in order to quantify charantin extract using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results show that, in 2.5 hours SC-CO2 with ethanol as modifier gives highest charantin yield with 0.7817 mg charantin per gram sample. In contrast, shaking water bath gives the highest charantin yield for conventional method with 0.712 mg charantin per gram sample during 6 hours of extraction. The result shows that by using SC-CO2 modified with ethanol can be a promising “green” extraction than conventional method.

Extraction of Momordica charantia, Pongamia glabra and Piper nigrum: Qualitative and Quantitative assessment

Objective: The objective of present work was to evaluate the qualitative and quantitative assessment of momordica charantia, pongamia glabra and piper nigrum extract for the natural product present in them. These plants were having the rich source of alkaloid, glycoside, tannins, carbohydrates, saponins, flavonoids, proteins and amino acids and were used as anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, anti-malarial and having wound healing potential. Materials and Methods: Extract of all three plants has been separated by the process of Soxhlet extraction. The extract of momordica charantia, pongamia glabra and piper nigrum evaluated for qualitative and quantitative measurement of alkaloid, glycoside, tannins, carbohydrates, saponins, flavonoids, proteins and amino acids content. Different solvent is used for the extraction of content includes petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, alcoholic and distilled water. Results and Conclusion: Preliminary Phytochemical screening was performed for extracts of Momordica charantia fruits (FMC), Pongamia glabra (LPG) and Piper nigrum fruits (FPN). Identification test on extracts was shown the sign of alkaloid, glycoside, tannins, carbohydrates, saponins, flavonoids, proteins and amino acids content. Discussion: All results indicates that extracts of Momordica charantia fruits (FMC), Pongamia glabra (LPG) and Piper nigrum fruits (FPN) having a rich source of Glycosides, alkaloid and flavonoid content.
 Keywords: momordica charantia, pongamia glabra, piper nigrum, glycosides, flavonoid, extraction.

Oxalate content of raw, wok-fried, and juice made from bitter gourd fruits.

The total, soluble, and insoluble oxalate contents of fresh and wok‐fried bitter gourd (Momordica charantia) fruits were extracted and measured using HPLC chromatography. Frozen bitter gourds were imported from Vietnam, and two cultivars characteristic of bitter gourd fruits grown in India and Malaysia were grown locally in the North Island of New Zealand. The mean total oxalate contents of ripe fruits from Vietnam, India, and Malaysia were 85.90 ± 8.60 mg/100 g wet matter (WM), while the mean total oxalates fell to 88.06 ± 0.95 mg/100 g FM when the fruits were wok‐fried. The mean soluble oxalate content of the total oxalate was 54.42% of the ripe fruits and 58.14% of the wok‐fried fruits. The three cultivars of bitter gourds were processed into juice by the addition of standard ingredients and then processed through a screw press to remove excess fiber. The final juices had an overall mean value of 27.11 mg of total oxalates/100 g WM; the mean soluble oxalate content was 85.5% of the total, which was much higher than that measured in the cooked gourds (mean 70.7%).

Cucurbitane triterpenoids from the fruit of Momordica charantia L. and their anti-hepatic fibrosis and anti-hepatoma activities

Momordica charantia L. (Cucurbitaceae) is a popular vegetable and traditional folk medicine, that has been used for hundreds of years. In this study, three undescribed cucurbitane-type triterpene glycosides furpyronecucurbitane A, goyaglycoside I and charantagenin F along with nine known compounds were isolated from the immature fruit of Momordica charantia L. Their structures were identified on the basis of extensive 1D, 2D NMR and HRESIMS spectroscopy analysis. All isolated compounds were examined for their anti-hepatic fibrosis activity against murine hepatic stellate cells (t-HSC/Cl-6) and anti-hepatoma activity against two kinds of liver cancer cell lines (HepG2 and Hep3B). Among them, karaviloside III exhibited excellent inhibitory activity against activated t-HSC/Cl-6 cells and cytotoxic activity against Hep3B and HepG2 cell lines with IC50 values of 3.74 ± 0.13, 16.68 ± 2.07 and 4.12 ± 0.36 μM, respectively, which may potential to be developed as a chemotherapy agent for treatment hepatic fibrosis or carcinoma and protection against both diseases.

Pectin mediated synthesis of curcumin loaded poly(lactic acid) nanocapsules for cancer treatment

The curcumin was widely reported to be an efficient therapeutic drug for the cancer treatment and was known to affect the apoptosis of cancer cells. An effort has been made to synthesis a cost-effective and productive system for a sustained curcumin release. The curcumin encapsulated PLA nanocapsules were synthesized with the assistance of pectin from Momordica charantia fruit extract through emulsification-solvent evaporation method. It was surprising to note that the method resulted in particles within nanoregime and had encapsulation efficiency around 90%. The in vitro release studies have shown a sustained curcumin release, after a burst release in the initial 12 h. The plate-counting method adopted to evaluate the antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (Gram positive) and Escherichia coli (Gram negative) had provided the minimal inhibitory concentration of nanocapsules. The in vitro cell tests with normal cells and cancer cells, in addition to the hemolytic study demonstrate the biocompatibility and bioactivity of the curcumin loaded PLA nanocapsules. The PLA-10Cur NPs with nano-formulation could easily penetrate into the cancer cells and can cause a sustained drug release for the effective cancer treatment. The study unveils an eco-friendly and emulsification-solvent evaporation strategy for developing nanocapsules for loading drugs for the targeted drug delivery.

Exceptionally stable green-synthesized gold nanoparticles for highly sensitive and selective colorimetric detection of trace metal ions and volatile aromatic compounds

The manuscript reports synthesis of exceptionally stable gold nanoparticles (GNPs) using Momordica charantia fruit extract. The synthesis approach was optimized by refining three experimental variables including source of the fruit extract (peel, seed, and seed coat), pH of the solution, and temperature of the reaction medium. As synthesized GNPs showed excellent stability against various thiolated compounds (e.g., thioglycolic acid, thiourea, l-cystine, 1-dodecanethiol, and cysteamine hydrochloride). Moreover, these nanoparticles showed distinctive colorimetric responses against Cd2+ and thiophenol (TP) from their potential interferences. The limit of detection (LOD) values for Cd2+ and TP were determined as 0.186 and 0.154μM, respectively.

Gas Chromotography-Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Ethanolic Fruit Extract of <i>Momordica charantia</i> var. <i>Muricata</i>

The fruits of Momordica charantia (bitter gourd) have been used as folklore medicine for the management of ailments such as leprosy, menstrual problems, hypertension and most efficiently for diabetes. The present investigation was carried to identify active components in small round variety of immature fruit M. chrantia muricata was analysed. The fruits were procured directly from the garden at Bhuvanagiri, Tamil Nadu, were washed in tap water and cut into small pieces and were shade dried for 10 days. The dried fruits were ground into fine powder. The sample was extract with ethanol and analyzed through Gas Chromatography-Mass spectrometry for identification of different compounds. Analysis revealed presence of 25 phyto components. The major compound present in the ethanolic fruit extract was identified as β-Sitosterol with RT 37.26 and 12.16% relative peak area. This compound has antihyperlipoproteinaemic, antibacterial and antimicotic activity, and helps tumor inhibition in vivo.

Characterization of Momordica charantia L. polysaccharide and its protective effect on pancreatic cells injury in STZ-induced diabetic mice

A polysaccharide with a molecular weight of 13,029Da was isolated from Momordica charantia (MCP) fruit and purified by ion-exchange and size-exclusion chromatography. The isolated polysaccharide MCPIIa contained L-Rha, D-GalA, D-Gal, D-Xyl, L-Ara in a molar ratio of 12:3.05:19.89:5.95:56. IR spectrum and NMR studies indicated that the MCPIIa sugar units were linked, via β-glycosidic bonds, to a large number of arabinofuranose, glucuronic acid, and xylopyranosyl residues. In addition, the hypoglycemic effect of MCPIIa was investigated in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice. After STZ-induction, MCPIIa (100, 200, or 300mg/kg body weight) was administered orally, once daily, for 28days. Glycemia in STZ-diabetogenic mice was significantly reduced, and compared with diabetes mellitus (DM) mice, serum insulin concentration increased significantly, following MCPIIa administration. Transmission electron microscopy showed an alleviation of STZ-lesions in pancreatic tissue from mice treated with MCPIIa. These results indicate that MCPIIa may be useful as an anti-diabetic agent.

Effect of Some Indian Herbs on Dyslipidemia in Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Rats

<p><strong>Background:</strong> Diabetes is one of the commonest and serious metabolic disorders. Much of the morbidity and mortality associated with diabetes is primarily attributed to sequelae requelac of microvascular and macrovascular changes, in which diabetic dyslipidemia is one of the many modifiable risk factors for coronary artery disease, stroke and peripheral vascular disease.</p><p><strong>Objectives:</strong> The main aim of this study was to evaluate the hypoglycemic and antidyslipidemic effect of selected Indian plants in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats.</p><p><strong>Material and Methods:</strong> Azadirachta indica and Ocimm sanctum leaves, Allium sativum bulbs and Momordica charantia fruits were collected, identified taxonomically and extract was obtained. Male Albino rats was used and divided into 8 groups, each consisting of 6 animals, one group act as a control. Diabetes in rats was induced with streptozotocin. Blood samples were collected and biochemical analysis was done for blood sugar, lipid peroxide and lipid profile. The diabetic group without drug treatment was compared with the control, and diabetic plus drug-treated groups were compared with the diabetic group without drug treatment. Data were analyzed using Student ‘t’ test.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> Our results revealed that administration of streptozotocin in rats caused increase in the levels of glucose, lipid peroxides, cholesterol and triglycerides with lessening of the HDL-cholesterol. Treatment with aqueous extracts of Momordica charantia, Allium sativum, Azadirachta indica and Ocimum sanctum not only reduced the level of blood glucose but also caused lowering of total cholesterol and triglycerides following an increase in the level of HDL-cholesterol.</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> We concluded that the herbal plants tested possess both hypoglycemic and antidyslipidemic activities and their use as a therapeutic tool in diabetes related complications encourage further investigation in this field.</p>

Green synthesis of zero valent colloidal nanosilver targeting A549 lung cancer cell: In vitro cytotoxicity.

An eco-friendly green approach was proposed to synthesise stable, cytotoxic colloidal silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Momordica charantia (M. charantia) fruit extract. Bioinspired green method adopted for fabrication of AgNPs because of easy, fast, low-cost and benign bioprocess. Phytocomponents played the crucial role in capping, stabilisation and inherent cytotoxic potential of colloidal nanosilver. The physiochemical, crystalline, optical and morphological properties of AgNPs were characterized using UV-vis, FT-IR, XRD, SEM, TEM, EDX and AFM. FT-IR reveals the presence of carbonyl, methyl, polyphenol (flavonoid), primary and secondary amine (protein), carboxyl group, ester as major functional groups over the surface of nanomaterials. Mechanistic pathway for formation and stabilisation of colloidal nanosilver has been discussed. Average crystalline size of AgNPs was found to be 12.55 nm from XRD. TEM shows AgNPs nanosphere with size range 1-13.85 nm. Consistency in spherical morphology was also confirmed through Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). AFM measurement provided image Rq value 3.62, image Ra 2.47, roughness Rmax 36.4 nm, skewness 1.99 and kurtosis 9.87. The SRB assay revealed substantial in vitro noticeable anti-cancer activity of colloidal nanosilver on A549 and HOP-62 human lung cancer cells in a dose dependent manner with IC50 value of 51.93 µg/ml and 76.92 µg/ml. In addition, M. charantia capped AgNPs were found to be more biocompatible in comparison to M. charantia FE. Our study demonstrated the integration of green chemistry principle in nanomaterials fabrication and focused on the potential use of M. charantia fruit extract as an efficient precursor for biocompatible AgNPs anodrug formulation with improved cytotoxic applications.