Fruit Syrup Research Articles

Implementasi Mesin Pengeruk Isi Buah Markisa berbasis Mikrokontroler dan Elektro Pneumatik

Passion fruit has a distinctive sweet and sour taste, which is quite popular in Indonesia, especially in South Sulawesi. Passion fruit is processed into syrup, and dodol is one of the typical souvenirs popular with tourists. Processing passion fruit syrup in the Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) Industry still uses very simple equipment. Hence, the quality and quantity of the product produced are not optimal. Passion fruit cutting uses a knife with a low capacity for cutting and shrinkage results, so this research aims to design a passion fruit-filled shaver machine based on a microcontroller and electro-pneumatics. This passion fruit shaver machine uses a microcontroller as the control center. First, the passion fruit passes through an infrared sensor, which detects the fruit and counts the number of incoming fruits. After that, Arduino Uno reads and activates the control relay from the DC motor. After 0.5 seconds, cylinder 1 is active, which pushes the DC motor down so that the passion fruit shrinks for 3 seconds. Then, the pneumatic push up to the normal position; after 0.5 seconds, the second cylinder actively pushes the passion fruit skin that has been shaved out (thrown away). This processes for 1 second and returns to its normal position. If there is passion fruit, it comes in again, and the tool functions similarly, and so on. The results of this study produced a passion fruit shrinker machine with dimensions of length 300 mm x width 300 mm x height 600 mm, a motor power of 240 Watt or 0.321 HP, and a production capacity of 54 kg/hour.

Characterization of fatty acid profiles and anti-scanvanging activity of purple sweet potato (Ipomoea Batatas L. Lam)-based custard fortified with perilla seed oil (Perilla frutescens L. Britton)

A creamy dairy custard was developed in this study. This custard matrixs consists of low-fat milk as main ingredients, purple sweet potato, perilla seed oil, butter, egg yolk, corn starch as well as monk fruit syrup. The aims of this research were to develop a heathy custard product, characterize the fatty acid profiles, anti-scavenging activity and sensory attribute of developed purple sweet potato-based custard fortified with perilla seed oil. The fatty acid profiles of the custard containing 3 % of perilla seed oil provides the highest amount of LA (17.32 %) and ALA (25.88 %). The custard formulation containing 1% of perilla seed oil provides the highest scores in all sensory attribute terms compare to other formulations containing perilla seed oil. The purple sweet potato-based custard containing perilla seed oil provides good antioxidant activities with percent inhibition by DPPH range from 29.8 to 35.1. The result indicates the concentration-dependent of perilla seed oil in the product. The custard developed in this study provides not only excellent source of polyunsaturated fatty acids but also excellent source of antioxidant agent.

“KEÇİBOYNUZU ÖZÜ” ADI ALTINDA SATIŞA SUNULAN ÜRÜNÜN BAZI KİMYASAL ÖZELLİKLERİNİN BELİRLENMESİ VE KEÇİBOYNUZU PEKMEZİ İLE KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI

Keçiboynuzu pekmezi, meyvenin tekniğine uygun olarak işlenmesi, ekstraksiyonu ve berraklaştırılması ile elde edilen şıranın, açık kazan veya vakum altında koyulaştırılmasıyla elde edilen geleneksel Türk gıdasıdır. “Keçiboynuzu özü” ise “keçiboynuzu meyvesinden soğuk ekstraksiyon yöntemi ile elde edilen şıranın düşük sıcaklıkta konsantre edilmesiyle elde edilmiş özü” olarak tanımlanmakta ve son yıllarda keçiboynuzu pekmezine alternatif yeni bir ürün olarak piyasada bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, piyasadan temin edilen keçiboynuzu özlerinin, genel özelliklerine ek olarak, HMF, şeker, toplam fenolik bileşik ve mineral madde içeriklerinin belirlenmesi ve bu özelliklerin keçiboynuzu pekmezleri ile karşılaştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Analizler sonucunda, keçiboynuzu pekmezi ve keçiboynuzu özü örnek gruplarına ait toplam fenolik bileşik değerleri sırasıyla 5.80-18.00 mg GAE/g ve 0.10-18.40 mg GAE/g aralığında, HMF değerleri ise sırasıyla, 0.79-50.25 mg/kg ve 1.25-68.77 mg/kg aralığında tespit edilmiştir. İki gruba ait örneklerin belirlenen tüm özellikleri arasında istatistiki olarak (P >0.05) önemli bir fark olmadığı tespit edilmiştir. Bu çalışmada elde edilen sonuçlar, ilgili yasal düzenlemelere zemin hazırlayabilecektir.

Production of Cocoa Pulp Syrup by Utilizing Local Sugar Sources

The pulp of the cocoa fruit still has not economically viable yet. Its potency to be processed into fruit syrup is expected to increase its value added. Local sugar from palm and canes is still traditionally utilized to produce brown sugar. This study aimed to make fruit syrup by utilizing cocoa pulp and local sugar sources in West Sumatra with several variants (palm sugar, sugarcane, and market white sugar). The effects of sugar concentration on the quality of the syrup were also studied. Sensory evaluation by the hedonic method was performed and statistical analysis data were carried out using SPSS. Microbiological analysis and shelf-life testing also have been done. The results of this study showed that respondents preferred syrup with palm sugar to sugarcane because of its light brown color and distinctive sweetness. The microbiological test reported that the syrup could only be consumed for less than the 5th day in a sealed glass bottle if it was placed at room temperature. Meanwhile, the syrup placed in the refrigerator (5 0C) could keep until the 5th day

Whole-genome analysis guided molecular mechanism of cyanogenic glucoside degradation by yeast isolated from Prunus mume fruit syrup

Consumption of fermented Prunus mume fruit (maesil) sugar syrup raise a health concern due to the presence of the cyanogenic glucoside amygdalin. The goal of the present study was to investigate the amygdalin degradation potential and genome profile of the native microbes found in maesil syrup. The microbial profile analysis revealed that yeast is the predominant microorganism native to maesil syrup and that the isolated yeast cells showed a remarkable potential for amygdalin reduction (99.7%). Moreover, the reduction in amygdalin was inversely proportional to the growth of the isolated yeast. The whole-genome analysis revealed that the isolated yeast is Zygosaccharomyces rouxii (genome size 10 Mb, 39.25% of GC content). Of the 5250 genes (64.88%) predicted in the Z. rouxii genome, 5245 (99.90%) were annotated using NCBI Non-Redundant, UniProt, and InterProScan databases. The genome of the isolated Z. ruoxii harbored 2.03% of repeats and 0.68% of non-coding RNAs. Protein prediction indicated that β-glycosidases and hydroxynitrile lyase may play a key role in amygdalin degradation. The predicted degradation initiated by β-glycosidases that hydrolyze α-glucosidic bonds of amygdalin results in α-hydroxy nitriles (cyanohydrins) that are subsequently converted into carbonyl compounds (benzaldehyde) and hydrogen cyanide catalyzed by hydroxynitrile lyases. Present findings provide valuable data for constructing engineered microorganisms that can degrade amygdalin. Further analysis of Z. rouxii may elucidate the exact mechanism of amygdalin reduction in the production of maesil syrup.

Evaluasi Stabilisator Agar-Agar dan CMC Sediaan Sirup Markisa Berastagi

Fruit syrup is made from a sugar solution, the taste and aroma are determined by the freshness of the fruit. Fruit commonly used in making syrup has an attractive color, aroma and distinctive taste. Passion fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims.) has a distinctive taste and aroma, so it is widely processed into syrup. This study was to evaluate CMC and Agar-Agar stabilizers in the passion fruit syrup formula. Evaluation includes color, appearance, texture, taste and aroma and hedonic tests are carried out. The results showed that there were significant differences in the color, appearance, texture, taste and aroma of passion fruit syrup. Stabilizers CMC and Agar-Agar make the color, texture and appearance of the syrup better and more attractive. The result of hedonic test for ideal syrup concentration is S3 with 4 g of Agar and 6 g of CMC. The higher the concentration of CMC and Agar, the greater the viscosity of the syrup. The concentration of CMC and Agar-agar in a mixture of fruit juices gave significantly different effects on color, texture, appearance, taste and aroma

Development and Optimization of a System for the Extraction, Filtration, and Concentration of Date Fruit Syrup to Produce High-Quality Dips

Abstract A system for the extraction, filtration, and concentration of date fruit syrup was developed. The syrup was first extracted under 1000 mbar and under partial vacuums of −1.8, −2.8, and −5.5 mbar in an extractor developed by the authors, then filtered using a filtration ladder of 1.0, 0.25, 0.112, and 0.011-mm pore sizes and finally concentrated to the product known as a dip in the Arab world. The concentration of the syrup to dip was done in a rotary evaporator at 50 °C and 180 rpm for 9–11 hours and under direct sun rays at approximately 48 °C, placed in stainless steel trays (61 × 46 × 5 cm) for 4 hours (12:30–4:30 p.m. The quality of dip produced under sun evaporation was compared to that of a commercial one collected from the markets in Saudi Arabia and was found to be superior due to two decisive criteria, namely color (the appearance) and pH (the taste), and also in terms of other nutritional components.

Synthesis of curcumin‐loaded shellac nanoparticles via co‐precipitation in a rotating packed bed for food engineering

AbstractPractical application of versatile nanomaterials to food engineering is desirable. In this study, highly encapsulated curcumin‐loaded shellac (Cur@Lac) nanoparticles are efficiently prepared via a rotating packed bed (RPB). In this modified co‐precipitation process, the morphology of Cur@Lac nanoparticles is systematically investigated under experimental parameters involving the high‐gravity level, the volume of antisolvent and the concentration of shellac. By virtue of the highly structured polymeric ester matrices of shellac and adequate supersaturation brought from RPB on a microscale, the obtained Cur@Lac nanoparticles with uniform size exhibit high encapsulation efficiency of over 96%. After 2 months of storage at room temperature, the aqueous Cur@Lac nanodispersions exhibit long‐term stability with no agglomeration or sedimentation, and the final retention rate of curcumin was over 85%. Colored drinks of fruit syrup (pH = 4.0), fruit soda (pH = 6.0), and soda water (pH = 8.3) are prepared by using the Cur@Lac as the colorant, which possessed orange‐yellow color. The nanocomposites of alkali‐sensitive indicators based on cellulose paper and gelatin film demonstrated in the work show promising application value for sensing of alkaline solution and gas of perishable food.

Perbaikan Proses Produksi Minuman Markisa di Bantar Gebang

Passion fruit is a fruit that can grow in tropical climates like Brazil. Indonesia also has the same climate so that passion fruit in Indonesia can also grow. Passion fruit does not have a long storage time because of its high water content. Therefore, passion fruit juice is an alternative that can be consumed longer. With a fairly high water content, there is a need for special handling that needs to be taught to the public to increase the durability of passion fruit syrup products. Various methods such as adding additives have also been carried out, but the results can affect fruit juice. Therefore, in this community service, the passion fruit drink was preserved by heat treatment using a heater and a cooker. This activity was carried out with the Bantar Gebang community at the Tunas Mulya Natural School. The result of this activity was that previously the production and preservation process for passion fruit drinks could only last up to 3 days, but with a different process and cooking utensils, the drinks can last up to 7 days outside the refrigerator

Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Pada Home Industry Sirup Markisa di Desa Sukamantri Kabupaten Bogor

Community empowerment activities are carried out at the passion fruit syrup home industry located in Sukamantri Village, Bogor Regency. The purpose of this empowerment activity is to help the owner so that his business increases and the community becomes more productive by carrying out empowerment activities. There are 4 activities in the empowerment of passion fruit syrup, namely: 1) Seeing potential problems, 2) Planning activities, 3) Carrying out empowerment activities, 4) Program evaluation, 5) Analyzing supporting and inhibiting factors. The method used is a qualitative approach, with interviews, observations, and documentation, and uses triangulation techniques. There are 5 participants in this activity, 3 housewives, and 2 residents who have not worked (unemployed). The results of this study are to see that the potential in this village has a fairly large plantation area of 1,760,000 hectares and has cool air and high rainfall which is very suitable for cultivating passion fruit, the intended location is the passion fruit syrup home industry owned one of the farmers who uses his land to cultivate passion fruit into passion fruit syrup and can open job vacancies for the community. Planning and implementation in this activity was carried out in 4 meetings. This activity is carried out at the home of the business owner, every Sunday, at 12.30-15.30. In the evaluation of passion fruit syrup community empowerment activities, it has shown a positive impact for participants, this can be seen from the good response of all participants in the empowerment process. The supporting factors in this activity are qualified human resources, as well as production tools and materials provided by the business owner, and the inhibiting factor in this activity is the erratic growth of passion fruit. After this activity, the participants became employees of Mr. Muiz’s passion fruit syrup home industry

Pengolahan Sirup Buah Pedada (Sonneratia caseolaris) dan Keripik Daun Jeruju (Acanthus ilicifolius) di Desa Teluk Pambang Kecamatan Bantan Kabupaten Bengkalis

Community service activities are making processed products as various food products based on the potential of local plants by utilizing the fruit and leaves of mangroves (Sonneratia caseolaris) and (Acanthus ilicifolius) in Teluk Pambang Village. This activity has the aim of developing the business of processing pedada fruit syrup and jeruju leaf chips using mangrove raw materials from local potential with the objectives of: a) technological innovation of processing mangrove leaves and fruit as product raw materials; b) utilization of processed mangroves for food products that have economic value; c) manufacture of processed mangrove products as an altervative to increase people’s income; d) products packaging; and e) increasing the capacity of business management and marketing of processed products from mangroves. The method used is counseling and practice of processing pedada fruit syrup and jeruju leaf chips. The target community in this activity is the mother of the KPM BELUKAP group in Teluk Pambang Village. The results of the activity show that the community strongly agrees with this activity, being involved in practicing the processing of pedada fruit syrup and jeruju leaf chips as an alternative to increase income. Economic analysis of processed pedada fruit syrup is IDR252,000.00,- and jeruju leaf chips are IDR622,400.00,-. After is this service activity shows that there is a culinary business opportunity that is made from mangroves and can be used by the Teluk Pambang Village community to develop mangroves which were originally only for the tourism sector, as well as to cultivate and preserve mangroves.

Effects of crystallization temperature on the characteristics of sugar crystals in date fruit syrup as measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), polarized microscopy (PLM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD).

Characteristics of sugar crystals are important for developing set-syrup due to their contribution to the desired mouth feel when consumed. Two types of set-syrup (i.e. seeds with and without) were developed by storing the syrup at -20, 4 and 15°C. The melting temperatures (onset and peak), and enthalpy of set-syrup without seeds (SN) were 30.2°C, 74.6°C and 42.2kJ/kg respectively. In the case of SN, enthalpy decreased with the decrease of crystallization temperature (P < 0.05), while there was insignificant change in the case of set-syrup with seeds (SW) (P > 0.05). Polarized Light Microscopy (PLM) images showed that finer crystals were formed in the cases of set-syrups (i.e. SN and SW) as the storage temperature was decreased. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed the formation of different polymorphic sugar crystals. Crystallization temperatures at 4 and -20°C can be used to produce finer crystals with varied polymorphic characteristics.

Improving quality of dragon fruit (hylocereus costaricensis) syrup by processing with double jacket vacuum evaporator

Red dragon fruit (Hylocereus costaricensis) is a famous fruit because of its high nutritional content. Although the product diversification of red dragon fruit is quite a lot, however, this product has limited information as a syrup product. The evaporation process for making syrup at the traditional level is usually carried out at high temperatures which results in the high destruction of nutritional content and reduces the quality of syrup. The study of the evaporation process at low temperature and low pressure using a double jacket vacuum evaporator for manufacturing red dragon fruit syrup was conducted in this research in order to improve product quality. The aims of this study are to evaluate the effect of temperature process and vacuum pressure on the quality of red dragon fruit (H.costaricensis) syrup using a double jacket vacuum evaporator and to know the optimum temperature process and vacuum pressure to producing red dragon fruit sirup with higher content of vitamin C. The double jacket evaporator operates at a pressure lower than atmospheric pressure so that there were 9 treatment combinations. The result showed the temperature gave a highly significant effect, especially on vitamin C. It also gave on moisture content and reducing sugar. The temperature gave no significant effect on total sugar content. Whereas, the pressure gave a significant on moisture content, but not gave a significant on vitamin C, reducing sugar content and total sugar content. However, the best treatment for optimum vitamin C is 50 0C/-60 cmHg with 8.75 mg/100 ml.

Aluminum smelting by physical process of electromagnetic wave generation with microwave oven

In Colombia, there is a demand for quantities of metal parts of iron, steel, and aluminum for different purposes, which requires the demand for large quantities of energy leading to a high emission of gaseous pollutants; the need to start recycling and reuse, as in the case of aluminum, which is used in products such as foods used in soda cans, beers, fruit syrup, tuna, grains, etc. In addition, there are other residues such as aluminum chips that are generated from machining processes, everything is based on the preservation of the environment. This project presents a new microwave oven technique to transform aluminum chip into blocks or sheets of aluminum to be reused, from the recycling of aluminum shavings and scrap produced mainly by machine-tool shops and machining centers, when, after carrying out the washing processes prior to casting, microwave irradiation is used as a physical property of material state transformation by implementing high frequencies that allow heat to be produced by high frequency vibrations, All this in order to perform the fusion process in less time and obtain aluminum with better mechanical properties.

Myrtle (Myrtus communis L.) fruit syrup for gastroesophageal reflux disease in children: A double-blind randomized clinical trial.

This double-blind study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of a syrup made from Myrtus communis L. fruit on children with gastroesophageal reflux disease. Children aged 1-7 years old, diagnosed with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), were randomly allocated to either intervention group (omeprazole and "myrtle fruit syrup") or control group (omeprazole and placebo syrup). GERD symptom questionnaire for young children (GSQ-YC) was filled out for each patient at zeroth and eighth week, and also 4 weeks after cessation of intervention. No statistically significant difference between two groups in terms of GERD score was reported neither in 8th nor in 12th week assessments. During the 4 weeks of the drug-free period, patients in myrtle group did not experience a large shift in GERD score, while patients in placebo syrup group experienced an increase of as much as 19.4. However, this difference was not statistically significant, although it could be significant clinically. For achieving more conclusive results, more studies are needed. The symptom "refusal to eat" in the intervention group was less than in placebo group after 8 weeks (p=.018) and at the end of the study (p=.042). So myrtle fruit syrup may be considered for children with low appetite.

Physical properties of raspberry and orange flavoured fruit syrups

AbstractIn the case of fruit syrups, consumers prefer thicker, deep-coloured ones because they remind them of good old homemade ones. Physical properties – as viscosity, colour, refractive index, soluble solid content (SSC), and electrical impedance - of fruit syrups flavoured with raspberry or orange juice were determined. The change of the measured physical properties was determined in three different experiments: 1. evaluating the effect of sugar and sweetener content 2. evaluating the effect of fruit juice composition and 3. evaluating the effect of sugar content on syrups containing raspberry or orange juice only. Variations in fruit and sugar content had a definite effect on the physical properties of squashes. Viscosity, SSC value, refractive index, and impedance magnitude increased with increasing sugar content and decreased with replacement of sugar with sweeteners although colour characteristics were defined mostly by the colorant added to the squash. Changes in the fruit composition of syrups could influence viscosity, refractive index, and SSC values but the magnitude of impedance showed little changes for all samples. The characteristics of squashes containing only raspberry or orange juice and different sugar content did not follow any trends, which emphasized that additives had a significant effect on the physical properties.

Ibm Usaha Jamu Tradisional Pada Kelompok PKK Sekarpuro Kabupaten Malang

Implementation of the service was conducted in the village ofSekarpuro Malang. Activity focused on the environment RW9 because has some excellent potential that crops ofvegetables and spices. Each house is required to havevegetables and spices for minimal ten kinds, peppers,tomatoes, cabbage, basil, kale, spinach, mustard greens, beansand eggplant. While these types of spices are grown include:turmeric, saffron and white, kencur, ginger, white ginger, redginger, galangal, lemon grass andothers.The problems faced by partners are: (1)lack of knowledge inthe healthy beverage processing and medicinal herbs, so thatproduct quality standards and the sale price hasn‘tcomptetive.(2) Lack of knowledge and skills of members in the field ofmarketing that they are pessimistic to sell to a wider marketProgram execution method of empowerment that carried thepotential members of the group and the potential of the naturalresources of the area environment. Based on the targetaudience who have been in service activities, it can be formedof two businesses that making herbal drinks such as cidertoga, passion fruit syrup and traditional herbal medicinemanufacture that produces fresh herbs and herbal instant. Inthe field of production has developed into six types ofproducts from only two types of products. While in thegeneral field of business licenses has been done so that theproduct is expected to be accepted by the market. In the fieldof marketing has made the introduction of products with avariety of activities and models of traditional marketing is stilldone through leaflets, door to door and exhibits SMEs.Besides, available change over hygienes packaging andlabeling. Administration and finance training activities hashelped entrepreneurs in setting records with good activity, andcan be used to determine accurately the costofproduction.

E-Commerce Marketing Strategy &amp; Industrial Packaging Design to Increase Profit for Bontang Manggrove Syrup Products in Tanjung Laut Indah Village, Bontang City

The business industry of the product of the fruit syrup ovata mangrove is an effort belonging to Ibu Amirah, the head of the Fragrant Leaf group (Paguyuban usaha Mangrove village in Tanjung Laut Indah, South Bontang, Bontang City, East Kalimantan province. In the implementation of the activities successfully identified and resolved several problems of the partner namely processing, the provision of business tools processing of mangrove syrup, identification of packaging design shortage, advertisement production of mangrove fruit syrup in the e-site Commerce and demonstration of how to process e commerce and social media sites. In the overall stages of activity, the team of devotion also coordinates and interviews with the forestry service of the province of East Kalimantan which became the authorized institution in the management of the mangrove fruit syrup and its cultivation in the city of Bontang. Hopefully in this stage, partners can independently add products, conduct sales control, and use e commerce sites to the fullest without relying on the team.

Drinks based on milk whey using fruit syrup from wild plants

Recently, there has been an increasing interest in whey drinks. It is possible to expand the range of whey drinks and regulate their nutritional value due to the wide use of a variety of fillers. Non-traditional local plant materials can be used as fillers. The products of processing (powders, juices, syrups) of fruits and berries are more and more widely used. The value of wild fruits, along with a pleasant taste, is determined by the content of vitamins, minerals, antioxidants and other biologically active substances that play an important role in human nutrition, regulate metabolic processes, and affect the functions of individual organs. The aim of the research is to study the effect of fruit syrups on the nutritional value of whey drinks. The fruits of the following wild plants are consid- ered as the objects: common viburnum (Viburnum opulus), cinnamon rosehip (Rosa cinnamomeal), raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.). The choice of raspberries, rose hips and viburnum as raw materials for enriching drinks is due to the high content of biologically active substances, such as vitamins C, B, E, a fairly large raw material base, environmental friendliness, and availability. The article considers the results of the use of fruit syrups obtained from rose hips, viburnum and raspberries in the preparation of whey drinks. The influence of the dosage of fruit syrups (5 %, 10 % and 15 %) on the organoleptic and physicochemical indicators of the quality of whey drinks has been established. The optimal dosages of syrups from fruits of wild plants in the preparation of whey drinks have been determined. Rosehip, viburnum and raspberry syrups have a high nutritional value, which will enrich whey drinks and give them a functional focus.

Production du chitosane par voie fongique utilisant le fruit

Aims: The main objective of this work was the valorization of Ficus microcarpa fruit, an inedible fruit with a high nutritional value in the production of chitosan by Aspergillus niger. Methods: A surface and submerged growth of Aspergillus niger were carried out using the Ficus microcarpa fruit syrup. 3 106 spores/ 50 ml were inoculated. Chitosan production was conducted at 37° C for 14 days using both surface and submerged fermentation modes. The growth of Aspergillus niger was followed by spore count on a Malassez cell. The evolution of pH and the consumption of total sugars in the mixture were monitored. Chitosan was extracted after degumming with NaOH 10N and centrifugation. Results: During the first days, the fungal growth was exponential with maximum growth rates of 10.06 g/L/day and 12.05g/L/day respectively for the surface and submerged cultures. The mycelial growth was largely linked to a high intake of sugars. The chitosan production in glucose syrup was significantly lower than the production using Ficus microcarpa syrup. This syrup allowed producing 41 g/L of chitosan for the surface culture and 37.2g/L for the submerged culture. Infrared analysis of chitosan powders showed similar spectra to those of commercial and shrimp chitosan. This first work is a contribution to a better valorization of a bioresource. Keywords: Aspergillus niger, culture, chitosan, Ficus microcarpa fruit, syrup.