Fruit Cultivation Research Articles

Comparative Physiological and Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Potential Pathways and Specific Genes Involved in Waterlogging Tolerance in Apple Rootstocks.

Apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) is one of the most cultivated fruit crops in China. Apple trees frequently encounter waterlogging stress, mainly due to excess rainfall, soil compaction, or poor soil drainage, results in yellowing leaves and declined fruit quality and yield in some regions. However, the mechanism underlying the response to waterlogging has not been well elucidated. Therefore, we performed a physiological and transcriptomic analysis to examine the differential responses of two apple rootstocks (waterlogging-tolerant M. hupehensis and waterlogging-sensitive M. toringoides) to waterlogging stress. The results showed that M. toringoides displayed more severe leaf chlorosis during the waterlogging treatment than M. hupehensis. Compared with M. hupehensis, the more severe leaf chlorosis induced by waterlogging stress in M. toringoides was highly correlated with increased electrolyte leakage and superoxide radicals, hydrogen peroxide accumulation, and increased stomata closure. Interestingly, M. toringoides also conveyed a higher ethylene production under waterlogging stress. Furthermore, RNA-seq revealed that a total of 13,913 common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were differentially regulated between M. hupehensis and M. toringoides under waterlogging stress, especially those DEGs involved in the biosynthesis of flavonoids and hormone signaling. This suggests a possible link of flavonoids and hormone signaling to waterlogging tolerance. Taken together, our data provide the targeted genes for further investigation of the functions, as well as for future molecular breeding of waterlogging-tolerant apple rootstocks.

Quality evaluation of citrus varieties based on phytochemical profiles and nutritional properties.

China is one of the major producers and exporters of various kinds of citrus fruits. As one of China's major citrus planting bases, Sichuan has a citrus planting area that exceeds 400,000 hectares. Meanwhile, citrus cultivation has become one of the important agricultural pillar industries in the region. Citrus fruits are reported to show various health-promoting effects, especially antioxidant activity. However, reports on the functional, nutritional and qualitative characteristics of different citrus varieties in Sichuan are still scarce. The quality attributes (color parameters, shape, and size), juice properties (titratable acids and total soluble sugar), mineral elements, and health-promoting nutritional and functional components (protein, carbohydrates, fat, dietary fiber, ascorbic acid, phenolic acids, and flavonoids), as well as antioxidant properties of 10 typical citrus varieties cultivated in Sichuan, were systematically investigated and analyzed. Significant differences among different citrus varieties were found. In particular, the total soluble sugar content of Mingrijian was higher than that of other citrus, suggesting its potential for fresh consumption and food processing. Moreover, a total of five flavonoids and nine phenolic acids were identified and quantified. Yuanhong, with higher contents of ascorbic acid and phenolic acids, was considered to be a valuable variety with excellent antioxidant capacity and can be used for value-added processing in the food industry. Principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster heatmap analysis suggested that there were significant differences among the 10 citrus varieties. Correlation analysis confirmed the significant contribution of ascorbic acid and phenolic acids to antioxidant capacity in citrus. The results can provide some references for the cultivation and selection of nutritious citrus fruits.

Camu-Camu Flour Processed in Conventional Oven and Solar Dryer: Quality Product and Accessible Low Technology Products as an Opportunity to Family Agriculture

The culture of camu-camu fruit is one of the most promising in the Amazon region; with proper industrialization the fruit could contribute to local food security, which raises excellent opportunities to further elaborate products with higher aggregate value to introduce to population living in natural producing areas. The aim of this research was to carry out a comparison of the agro-industrial and nutritional quality of fruit flour prototypes and residues from the processing of camu-camu dehydrated in a conventional electric oven and an alternative solar dryer, verifying the possibility of obtaining a standardized flour product with the techniques used. The camu-camu fruits was harvested in March of 2018 at Morena Lake, Boa Vista municipality, Roraima State, Brazil and, processed into flour at Embrapa Laboratories. Furthermore, an analysis of moisture, soluble solids, titratable acidity, pH, color and N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe and B contents of the flour, were carried out and evaluated. The experimental design was completely randomized in a factorial scheme, evaluating three raw materials by two drying methods. The data was statistically validated using an analysis of variance, when there was statistical difference, the means of agroindustrial and elemental characteristics were compared by the T (0.05) and Tukey (0.05) tests. The main quality differences in the interaction between raw materials and drying methods are in moisture, soluble solids, titratable acidity, color and P, K and Ca contents. In general, the macro and microelement contents of the camu-camu flour dehydrated in a hot air oven with forced ventilation, and in a low-cost convection solar dehydrator presented the following order N > K > P > Ca > S > Mg > Mn > Fe > B > Zn > Cu. The evaluated camu-camu flours are presented as alternatives for the integral use of the fruit and processing residues, having satisfactory qualities, with the possibility of being used in agro-industrial products.

Comparative Anatomical and Transcriptomics Reveal the Larger Cell Size as a Major Contributor to Larger Fruit Size in Apricot.

Fruit size is one of the essential quality traits and influences the economic value of apricots. To explore the underlying mechanisms of the formation of differences in fruit size in apricots, we performed a comparative analysis of anatomical and transcriptomics dynamics during fruit growth and development in two apricot cultivars with contrasting fruit sizes (large-fruit Prunus armeniaca 'Sungold' and small-fruit P. sibirica 'F43'). Our analysis identified that the difference in fruit size was mainly caused by the difference in cell size between the two apricot cultivars. Compared with 'F43', the transcriptional programs exhibited significant differences in 'Sungold', mainly in the cell expansion period. After analysis, key differentially expressed genes (DEGs) most likely to influence cell size were screened out, including genes involved in auxin signal transduction and cell wall loosening mechanisms. Furthermore, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) revealed that PRE6/bHLH was identified as a hub gene, which interacted with 1 TIR1, 3 AUX/IAAs, 4 SAURs, 3 EXPs, and 1 CEL. Hence, a total of 13 key candidate genes were identified as positive regulators of fruit size in apricots. The results provide new insights into the molecular basis of fruit size control and lay a foundation for future breeding and cultivation of larger fruits in apricot.

Distribution Characteristics, Ecological Risks, and Source Identification of Heavy Metals in Cultivated Land Under Non-grain Production

The purpose of this study was to explore the distribution characteristics and potential ecological risks of soil heavy metal pollution of cultivated land under non-grain production. Taking a typical area around Hangzhou Bay as an example, 254 topsoil samples (0-20 cm) of cultivated land were collected, and the content of eight soil heavy metals in four different cultivated land use types, including grain, seedlings, vegetables, and fruits, was analyzed. The ecological risk was assessed by the Nemerow pollution index and the potential ecological risk index, and the PMF model was used to identify the source of soil heavy metals in the study area. The results showed that the average contents of As, Cr, Cd, Cu, Hg, Ni, and Zn were all higher than the soil background value, except for Pb, but were lower than the national risk control standard for soil contamination of agricultural land. Non-grain production had a significant impact on the accumulation of heavy metals in soil. The content of heavy metals in nurseries and orchards was relatively high, followed by vegetable fields, and the lowest in grain fields. The Nemerow index showed that the cultivated land in the study area was in a light pollution level as a whole, and the single-factor pollution risks of Hg, Cd, and As were relatively high. The potential ecological risk levels of heavy metals in different cultivated land use types were:nurseries>orchards>vegetable fields>grain fields. The PMF results showed that the main sources of soil heavy metals in the study area were mixed sources of industrial emissions (36.8%), natural parent material sources (28.4%), atmospheric deposition sources (21.4%), and agricultural activity sources (13.4%). In conclusion, the increase in the application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides was the direct reason for the increase in soil heavy metal content caused by non-grain production of the cultivated land, whereas the industrial and mining emissions and atmospheric deposition accelerated the increase in soil heavy metal content in the study area.

Implementation of Disease Detection in Fruits using Neural Networks

Commercialized agricultural operations are always looking for ways to reduce labour requirements without compromising output. Images of a few differ- ent fruit diseases, including Bitter Rot, and Sooty Blotch are employed in this method. Fruit infections’ ability to lower productivity and the global economy in the agricultural sector is a frustrating situation. In actuality, a healthy diet should be built around fruits. India has a population that is approximately 68 per cent dependent on agriculture. A significant percentage of the Indian econ- omy is based on agriculture. Fruit cultivation has been a vital part of agricul- ture all over the world and has been the foundation of rural economies. Moni- toring a plant’s health and spotting illness manually is challenging. Agribusi- ness is a major contributor to the global economy, but its growth is slowing when compared to the rise in interest, and this ratio of interest to creation is expected to maintain high in the next few generations.

Establishment and Expansion Scenario of Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in Central Brazil.

Drosophila suzukii Matsumura (Diptera: Drosophilidae), also known as spotted wing drosophila (SWD), is an important pest that damages various wild and cultivated soft fruits worldwide, especially in the Northern Hemisphere. In Brazil, it occurs mainly in the subtropical climates of the southern and southeastern regions. However, SWD has also been sporadically found in the central region of the country in the natural vegetation of the tropical Brazilian Savanna. In this study, we investigated the occurrence of SWD at the northern limit of its range in South America - the central region of Brazil - by monitoring an established drosophilid community in an orchard located in the Brazilian Federal District. We also investigated the current geographical distribution of this pest in Brazil and its potential geographical distribution using species distribution models under two different future shared socioeconomic pathways scenarios (2040 and 2060, optimist and pessimist). Twenty drosophilid species were detected among the 6,396 captured specimens, most of which are exotic in the Neotropical region. The fly community greatly fluctuated throughout the year, and the highest abundance of SWD (3.5% relative abundance and 1.38 flies/trap/day) was recorded in April during the rainy season. Potential distribution models indicate that suitable areas for SWD spread will decrease in the south and southeast but increase in the central region of Brazil. We recommend continuous SWD monitoring and improving bioclimatic forecast models for mitigating damage to local fruit production.

Phenolic compound identification in tomato fruit by UPLC-QTOF-MS

Phenolic compounds are functional food nutrients and show structural similarity, synthesized through phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthetic pathway. Their structural similarity makes the separation and structure elucidation challenging. In this study, we isolated and identified phenolic compounds in tomato fruit by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Total 32 phenolic compounds were found and 13 out of them were previously unknown in tomato fruits. We elucidated nine from the 13 previously unknown components. The 3 main phenolic compounds were the same in both selected wild and cultivated tomato fruits, including chlorogenic acid, rutin and naringenin. Nevertheless, the content difference of the 3 main and 10 previously unknown phenolic compounds caused significant higher phenolic level in wild tomato fruits, compared to cultivated tomato. Based on the identified phenolic compounds, we also study their content variation in phenylpropanoid and flavonoid pathway of tomato fruit. Our results are beneficial for the improvement of phenolic nutrients in tomato fruits.

In Vitro Micropropagation of Fruit Species Using Next Generation Bioreactors

This review provides a summary of the most recent advancements in bioreactor systems, which have become more popular over the past few decades due to the outstanding qualities they offer for the creation of plant tissue and organ cultures in the laboratory as well as on a large scale. It provides a comprehensive discussion on the application of bioreactor systems in fruit cultivation as well as current research. This review presents a solution for researchers who are interested in the cultivation of diverse fruit species, as well as describes the methods that are used in the bioreactor system to propagate various fruit species.

Possibilities and Challenges of Dragon Fruit in Chapainawabganj Region of Bangladesh from the Growers Perspective

Farmers in Bangladesh are enthusiastic in dragon fruit farming as a new and promising crop that offers both difficulties and potential. The purpose of the study was to examine the advantages and disadvantages of this novel fruit from the perspective of growers. It is a descriptive survey research which was conducted in purposively selected four Upazilas of Chapainawabganj region of Bangladesh including Chapainawabganj Sadar, Gomastapur, Nachol, and Godagari from 16th April to 25th May, 2022. Pearson’s correlation test was administered to determine the relationship between socio-demographic characteristics of the growers and their knowledge on dragon fruit production. Socio-demographic profile of the randomly selected growers of the study revealed that majority of the respondents were in their middle age, highly educated, had a medium annual income with medium sized land, little farming experience, less training and higher cosmopolitan behavior. Majority of the dragon fruit growers showed high level of understanding regarding dragon fruit cultivation and their fellow farmers and mass media were determined to be the most effective sources of information. According to the study’s findings, the majority of farmers were inspired to grow dragon fruit because it is more resistant to pests and diseases, promotes excellent health, yields for a long time, and can be grown from both seeds and cuttings. Furthermore, the fruit has a higher profit margin than other field crops. Weeds, bird invasions, high labor expenses, lack of technical knowledge of farmers on dragon fruit farming were recognized as major obstacles to fruit production. According to a correlation analysis, farmers’ age, extension contacts, and cosmopolitan nature were significantly and positively correlated with their knowledge of growing dragon fruit. More government support, especially from the Department of Agricultural Extension (DAE), and fixing the issues described above could increase the fruit’s future prospects in the country.

Increasing Farmers’ Income with Implementation Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) in Dragon Fruit Cultivation Farming Business

This study aims to evaluation the technical differences between Dragon Fruit cultivation before and after application Good Agricultural Practices in Talok Village, Dlanggu District, Mojokerto Regency and the increase in farm income after implementation Good Agricultural Practices. Data analysis in this study used descriptive qualitative analysis, namely obtaining accurate data and a clear picture of farmers. Based on the research results, it can be concluded as follows a pplication of cultivation techniques Good Agricultural Practices give better results that is with76.85% less investment on deployment Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) was able to sell 77.78% more dragon fruit and a higher income level of 140.32% with a difference in income of Rp. 480,745,000 per 7 Ha or IDR 68,677,857 per hectare compared to the conventional period.

Increasing Farmers' Income with Implementation Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) in Dragon Fruit Cultivation Farming Business

Increasing Farmers' Income with Implementation Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) in Dragon Fruit Cultivation Farming Business

Elements to improve the management and commercialization of dragon fruit (Hylocereus undatus (Haworth) D.R. Hunt)

The objective of this study is to identify production and commercialization problems and potential of dragon fruit (Hylocereus undatus) in the socioeconomic context of San Luis Atolotitlan, Caltepec, Puebla, Mexico. A questionnaire was applied between March and May 2020 to n=20 producers-marketers of the Asociación de Producción Rural de San Luis Atolotitlan, Caltepec. The cultivation of dragon fruit is part of a crop diversification system within a social context characterized by migration, low education, and extensive dependence on local buyers. In addition, its maintenance practices, use of organic fertilizers, and average yieldsare minimal. However, if management is improved and transformation and marketing channels are identified and diversified, the system will be able to boost the economy of the region. Young producers, with a higher educational level and with an innovative attitude, could improve those measures.

Biotechnological potential of Bacillus sp. S26 for alleviation of abiotic and biotic stresses in vine.

Grapevine (Vitis spp.) is one of the most cultivated fruit plants in the world. Vineyard growers apply copper-based products in these crops to prevent fungal diseases, generating worries about Cu contamination in soils and food. In this context, this study identifies prokaryotic communities associated with grapevine plants grown under different levels of Cu-contaminated soils. Moreover, the study isolates new bacteria to improve Cu resistance in plants. Soil Cu content correlated inversely with operational taxonomic units (OTUs) belonging to the groups Acidobacteria (SubGroup 2), Latescibacteria, Pedosphaeraceae, and Candidatus Udaeobacter. A total of 14 new bacterial isolates were obtained from copper-contaminated soils. These isolates produced Indolic Compounds (IC) in a range of 25 to 96µg mL- 1, highlighting bacterial strains S20 and S26 as the highest producers. These new bacteria also produced siderophores, highlighting strains S19 and S26, which removed 58 and 59% of Fe ions from the CAS complex, respectively. From the in vitro antagonistic activity against Colletotrichum spp. strains, the authors identified some bacterial strains that inhibited phytopathogen growth. Bacterial strain Bacillus sp. S26 was chosen for inoculation experiments in grapevine plants. This bacterial isolate improved the growth of grapevine plants in Cu-contaminated soils. However, growth promotion did not occur in unstressed plants. More studies are necessary for developing a new bioinoculant containing S26 cells aiming to reduce biotic and abiotic stresses in grapevine.

Flowers and Fruits Abortion in Fruit Trees ... Causes and Solutions: A review

The history of planting fruit trees dates back to the presence of mankind on Earth. The people’s interest in cultivating it has increased with the progress of their civilization, as the fruit has become important in human food and his environment. The fruit-growing areas of both types, evergreen and deciduous, spread from north to south of Iraq. Palm cultivation is concentrated in the southern provinces, while palm, citrus, olive, pomegranate and others are concentrated in the central provinces. In the northern regions, the cultivation of apples, grapes, olives, stone kernels and Nut fruits is widespread. The production of fruit trees in many countries of the world plays a major “economic” role in their renaissance because the production of these trees has a direct relationship to increasing national income. The production of these trees requires the employment of qualified technical labor, the use of chemical fertilizers, pesticides, modern irrigation systems, tree breeding and pruning, As well as the production of seedlings in nurseries. It has been observed that fruit trees are directly related to the food industries, such as preserving fruits by freezing or drying, and the manufacture of jams and juice, and what these industries need of high technologies. Moreover, the fruits of fruit trees, whether through fresh consumption or processing, have a high nutritional value due to the sugars, oils, fats, protein, mineral salts, vitamins and others. The abortion of flowers and newly set fruits in fruit trees varies according to different species, varieties, environmental conditions and horticultural service operations. Abortion may be desirable when the number of flowers and fruits set on the tree is many, and this is called (natural thinning). While the abortion is harmful if the number of flowers and fruits is few on the tree, which results in a lack of yield later.

Toxicity and ecological risk assessment for two AhR agonistic pesticides mepanipyrim and cyprodinil and their metabolites.

Mepanipyrim and cyprodinil are widely used to control and/or prevent fungal diseases in fruit culture. They are frequently detected in the aquatic environment and some food commodities. Different from TCDD, mepanipyrim and cyprodinil are more easily metabolised in the environments. However, the risk of their metabolites to the ecological environment is unclear and needs to be further confirmed. In this study, we investigated the temporal pattern of mepanipyrim- and cyprodinil-induced CYP1A and AhR2 expression and EROD enzyme activity at different time frames during zebrafish embryonic and larval development. Then, we assessed the ecological risk of mepanipyrim, cyprodinil, and their metabolites to aquatic organisms. Our results showed that mepanipyrim and cyprodinil exposure could increase the expression level of cyp1a and ahr2 genes and EROD activity by a dynamic pattern in different developmental stages of zebrafish. Besides, their several metabolites showed strong AhR agonistic activity. Importantly, these metabolites could cause potential ecological risks to aquatic organisms and should be paid more attention to. Our results would provide an important reference value for environmental pollution control and the use management of mepanipyrim and cyprodinil.

Linking nutrition education and farm production diversification to fruit and vegetable consumption in Zimbabwe

The main aim of the research was to analyze whether nutrition education and farm production diversification improved household dietary diversity as well as fruit and vegetable consumption among rural households in Zimbabwe. A cross-sectional survey using systematic random sampling was conducted in eight rural districts covering 1417 households. Poisson, Instrumental Variables Poisson, and Instrumental Variables probit regressions were used for analysis. Nutrition education and farm production diversity were associated with 53% and 2% increase in household dietary diversity, respectively. Nutrition education shows a significant and positive association with both fruits and vegetables intake. Nutrition education was associated with a 50% and 18% likelihood of consuming fruits and vegetables, respectively. Farm production diversification was associated with fruit consumption among rural households. Using alternative model specifications, we note that nutrition education was associated with an increase in the frequency of consuming vegetables. Farm production diversification and income were positively correlated with the frequency of fruit intake. Therefore, government, private sector, and development agencies need to promote nutrition education programs that emphasize production and consumption of fruits and vegetables. Second, interventions that promote crop and livestock diversification, including household cultivation of nutrient-rich fruits and vegetables, need to be upscaled.

Characterization of the NAC Transcription Factor in Passion Fruit (Passiflora edulis) and Functional Identification of PeNAC-19 in Cold Stress

The NAC (NAM, ATAF and CUC) gene family plays an important role in plant development and abiotic stress response. However, up to now, the identification and research of the NAC (PeNAC) family members of passion fruit are still lacking. In this study, 25 PeNACs were identified from the passion fruit genome, and their functions under abiotic stress and at different fruit-ripening stages were analyzed. Furthermore, we analyzed the transcriptome sequencing results of PeNACs under four various abiotic stresses (drought, salt, cold and high temperature) and three different fruit-ripening stages, and verified the expression results of some genes by qRT-PCR. Additionally, tissue-specific analysis showed that most PeNACs were mainly expressed in flowers. In particular, PeNAC-19 was induced by four various abiotic stresses. At present, low temperatures have seriously endangered the development of passion fruit cultivation. Therefore, PeNAC-19 was transformed into tobacco, yeast and Arabidopsis to study their function of resisting low temperature. The results show that PeNAC-19 responded to cold stress significantly in tobacco and Arabidopsis, and could improve the low temperature tolerance of yeast. This study not only improved the understanding of the PeNAC gene family characteristics and evolution, but also provided new insights into the regulation of the PeNAC gene at different stages of fruit maturation and abiotic stresses.

Role of silt and clay fractions in organic carbon and nitrogen stabilization in soils of some old fruit orchards in the Nile floodplain, Sohag Governorate, Egypt

PurposeStudy the effect of both silt and clay fractions on stabilizing organic carbon and total nitrogen in soils of some old cultivated fruit orchards in Sohag, Egypt.MethodsEleven surface soil samples (0–15 cm) were collected. Silt (63–2 μm) and clay (< 2 μm) fractions were separated from soils and analyzed for cation exchange capacity (CEC), organic carbon (OC), total nitrogen (TN), specific surface area (SSA), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic analysis were determined using the standard analysis methods.ResultsThe silt and clay were responsible for 77.49 to 93.34% of soil CEC. The SSA of clay was twice the silt, and the phyllosilicates (%) average was 29.83% and 62.70% in silt and clay. Other minerals, such as quartz, feldspar, and carbonate minerals, were detected in these fractions. The phyllosilicate species of clay were smectite-illite mixed layers (44.4–88.9%), Smectite (1.0–6.4% except one sample recorded 45.7%), Kaolinite (3.7–10.5%) and kaolinite/smectite mixed layers (2.0–8.2%). The average OC-silt and clay were 6.79 and 8.96 g OC kg−1 soil (38.01 and 50.28% of soil OC). On average, the total nitrogen (TN) in silt and clay particles was 0.817 and 1.156 g N kg−1 soil (35.88 and 50.66% of soil TN). The OC and N content significantly and positively correlated with CEC, SSA, and phyllosilicates in the fine fractions.ConclusionResults showed that the soil's capacity to sequester OC and N is affected significantly by its fine particles' content, characteristics, and mineralogy.

Diversity analysis of guava (Psidium guajava) germplasm collection

Guava (Psidium guajava L.) is one of the commercially important cultivated fruit crops in India. Guava ranks fifthin production share of fruit crops in the country. During 2014-15, India produced 36.68 lakh tonnes of guava from anarea of 2.68 lakh ha with 13.7 t/ha productivity. In the present investigation, a total 33 genotypes including 6 speciesof Psidium and 28 genotypes of Psidium guajava were characterized using 39 SSR markers. All accessions are beingcultivated at IARI research farm, Pusa campus, New Delhi. Samples were collected from research farm to determinethe overall diversity and to assess the similarity among genotypes using molecular markers. Out of 39 primers 26were reproducible. A total of 64 alleles were produced by 26 primers and number of alleles per locus variedfrom 1 (mPgCIR01, mPgCIR18 and mPgCIR19) to 5 (mPgCIR256) with mean value of 2.34. Gene diversity rangedfrom 0.0377 to 0.6681 with a mean value of 0.2766. Highest gene diversity was observed for primer mPgCIR256(0.6681) and lowest for primer mPgCIR24 (0.0377). SSR primer mPgCIR256 was most informative with high rateof polymorphism as well as number of alleles. Phenotypic correlation indicated the correlated traits with dependentyield trait. PCA and cluster analysis showed a significant phenotypic and genetic diversity among existing cultivars.All accessions were grouped into two major groups and under each group four sub groups. Maximum diversity wasfound in leaf traits, viz. leaf length, leaf breadth, petiole and petiole length. Genetic distance and the dissimilarity matrixshowed three major clusters on the basis of genetic similarity. All these accessions were grouped in to three clusters,viz. A, B and C. While cluster A includes only cultivars, cluster B includes all species except P. friedrichsthalianum.This indicates that, the diversity among and between species is at cluster level. Genetic diversity analysis amongPsidium species showed that P. guajava had more similarity with Psidium guienensis compared to other species.Present investigation indicated the presence of substantial diversity among guava species which can be utilized forfuture guava improvement programmes