Friend Social Support Research Articles

대학생의 부모애착과 사회적 지지가 대학생활적응에 미치는 영향

본 연구의 목적은 대학생이 지각한 부모애착과 사회적 지지가 대학생활적응에 미치는 영향력을 검증하고자 한다. 이를 위해 부산시에 소재한 4개의 4년제 대학교 학생 386명을 대상으로 부모애착, 사회적지지, 대학생활적응 검사를 실시하였다 부모애착, 사회적지지, 대학생활적응의 관계를 알아보기 위해 상관분석을 실시하고, 대학생활적응에 가장 영향력 있는 변인을 밝히기 위해 단계적 중다회귀분석을 실시하였다. 본 연구에서 도출된 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 부 애착, 모 애착, 사회적 지지 및 대학생활적응 간에 유의미한 정적상관을 나타냈다. 둘째, 부, 모 애착과 친구 사회적 지지가 학업적응, 사회적응, 개인-정서적응, 대학환경적응에 더 많은 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 본 연구결과, 대학생활적응을 위해서 학교와 학과, 대학 상담센터에서의 다양한 정책적인 연구와 부모-자녀 관계 개선과 친구지지를 도울 수 있는 프로그램 개발 및 상담의 중요성을 시사하고 있다. The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of the perceived parental attachment and social support on adjustment to college life in university students. For this study, research data about adjustment to college life, the perceived parental attachment and social support were collected from 386 university students. Results of correlation and multiple regression analysis showed that the perceived parental attachment and social support are the most influential factors. Major findings and conclusions were as follow: First of all, the finding shows that the adjustment to college life has a significant static correlation with both parental attachment and Social support, respectively. Second, parental attachment and social support of friends have more influence on adjustment to college life, especially in academic, social, personal-emotional and environmental one. Thus, results of this study show the importance of a wide variety of policy research, continuous counseling, and development of programs for a better adjustment to college life.

아동의 성과 기질, 모의 양육태도 및 사회적 지지가 자아탄력성에 미치는 영향

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of temperament of child, maternal parenting behavior, social support. The data was collected from 5th to 6th grade 405 children living in Kwangju. For statistical analysis, Cranbach' <TEX>${\alpha}$</TEX>, and hierarchical regression analysis were used. The results were summarized as follows: as a result of making a hierarchical regression analysis to find out the relative impact of gender on Ego-Resilience, sub-factors of child's temperament, maternal parenting behavior, and family and friend's social support were identified as the most important variables and predictors of ego-resilience. These results indicated that ego-resilience was the most significant variable to predict a child's temperament(attention). Ego-resilience was impacted according to the child's temperament(activity mood), friend support, maternal parenting behavior(rational guidance), in addition to the child's temperament(activity level).

Predictors of Cognitive/Affective and Somatic Depression in Heart Failure Patients

The effects of depression on patients with heart failure (HF) are substantial, yet the predictors remain unclear. The predictors of cognitive/affective and somatic depression in stable HF patients were studied. Using a cross-sectional design, 150 HF outpatients were recruited at two mid-Western HF clinics. Predictors included dyspnea with activities of daily living, family and friend social support, and loneliness; age and gender were control variables. All constructs were measured using standardized instruments. Structural equation modeling (SEM) showed that cognitive/affective depression was predicted by greater dyspnea and loneliness, whereas somatic depression was predicted by more dyspnea and friend support. Also, greater dyspnea was related to more loneliness and less friend support; less friend support was related to loneliness. Women reported more dyspnea and loneliness. Since cognitive/affective and somatic depression have different predictors, further study is warranted to identify HF patients at risk for depression and to establish interventions targeted at improving depression.

Assessing diabetes support in adolescents: factor structure of the modified Diabetes Social Support Questionnaire (DSSQ–Friends)

To determine the underlying factor structure of friends' enacted support behaviours for adolescents with Type 1 diabetes, confirm it in a second sample, delineate distinctive aspects of friends' support and test the reliability of resulting scale. The study included a total of 434 adolescents (54.8% girls), mean age 14.7 years, mean duration of diabetes 6.1 years. Results from the exploratory factor analysis, including data from a random half of the participants revealed a five-factor solution explaining approximately 48.4% of the item variance. The five factors emerged Guidance and Encouragement (13 items; α=0.91), Help in Critical Situations (7 items; α=0.92), Nourishment (11 items; α=0.88), Empathy (6 items; α=0.83) and Help in Exercise (5 items; α=0.76). Confirmatory factor analysis on the remainder of the sample showed good indices of model fit. Comparison of the factor structure across gender and age also presented an excellent fit. In a second-order factor analysis all five factors loaded on one overall factor, Diabetes Social Support-Friends. Construct validity of the resulting scales was supported by predicted associations of Modified Diabetes Specific Support Questionnaire-Friends scale scores with HbA(1c) , treatment adherence and responsibility, and well-being. The 42-item Modified Diabetes Specific Support Questionnaire-Friends emerged as a reliable and valid scale for Dutch adolescents with Type 1 diabetes and measures five factors of diabetes-specific support from close friends.

친지의 사회적지원, 부부특성, 어머니의 양육특성이 영아발달에 미치는 영향

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influences of various factors, the social support of friends and relatives, couple`s characteristics, and the mother`s parenting characteristics, and their impact upon infant development. For the purposes of this study, data was taken from 2078 infants who were born in 2008 and their mothers who participated in the 1st Korean Children Panel Survey of the Child-Care Policy Research Institute. The data collected were processed statistically by means of a structural model and the fit of the model was also found to be very good. The findings indicated that the social support of friends and relatives and couple`s characteristics did indeed impact upon an infant`s development, with the mother`s parenting characteristics having a mediating effect. The direct effect of the social support of friends and relatives on infant development was positive and the results of the effect were the same even when taking into account the mediating effects of the mother`s parenting characteristics. The direct effect of a couple`s characteristics on the mother`s parenting characteristics was negative but the result of it was also positive when taken in conjunction with the mediating effects of the mother`s parenting characteristics.

The Relationship between Portuguese Adolescent Perception of Parental Styles, Social Support, and School Behaviour

The present article describes preliminary results of a study that aims to analyse the relationship among Portuguese adolescent perception of parental styles, social support received from family and peers and their school behaviour. Participants were 537 adolescents aged between 14 and 16. The “Parental Author- ity Questionnaire”, the “Perceived Social Support-Friends Scale” and “Perceived Social Support-Family Scale” were used to measure adolescent perceptions. Overall, Portuguese adolescents perceive their parents as using predominantly a democratic parental style. Associations between school behaviour and parental styles show that “well-behaved” adolescents perceive their parents as less permissive. On the other hand, adolescents who misbehave perceive their parents as more permissive and authoritarian. As regards the relationship between perceived school behaviour and social support, adolescents recognise receiving greater support from peers than from family, and adolescents who “often behave badly” are those who refer to receiving less social support, either from the family or peers.

An evaluation of a worksite exercise intervention using the social cognitive theory

Purpose: To increase exercise adherence among insufficiently active adult employees. Design: A quasi-experimental separate samples pre-test–post-test group design was used to compare treatment and comparison group. Setting: The worksite. Subjects: Employees ( n = 127) who did not meet current American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) recommendations for exercise. Intervention: An eight-week educational programme targeting the social cognitive theory constructs. Measures: Free-living exercise, self-regulation, self-efficacy, social support, and outcome expectations and expectancies. Measurement was at pre-test, post-test, one month and three months post-intervention. Analysis: One-way analysis of variance. Results: The treatment group reported important increases in exercise and mediators of exercise. There was a significant difference between groups for moderate intensity exercise and vigorous intensity exercise at post-test and follow-up ( p = .001). There was a significant difference between groups for self-regulation at post-test and follow-up ( p = .001). There was not a significant difference between groups for self-efficacy or outcome expectancies. Family and friend social support group differences were non-significant at post-test and one-month follow-up, but was significant difference at three-month follow-up ( p = .001). Outcome expectations and expectancies were non-significant at all time periods. Conclusion: The educational intervention was effective in increasing the exercise rates of employees at the worksite.

Relation of depression to perceived social support: Results from a randomized adolescent depression prevention trial

Theorists posit that certain behaviors exhibited by depressed individuals (e.g., negative self-statements, dependency, reassurance seeking, inappropriate or premature disclosures, passivity, social withdrawal) reduce social support, yet there have been few experimental tests of this hypothesis. Using data from a randomized depression prevention trial ( N = 253) involving adolescents ( M age = 15.5, SD = 1.2), we tested whether a cognitive behavioral group intervention that significantly reduced depressive symptoms relative to bibliotherapy and educational brochure control conditions through 2-year follow-up produced improvements in perceived parental and friend social support and whether change in depressive symptoms mediated the effect on change in social support. Cognitive behavioral group participants showed significantly greater increases in perceived friend social support through 1-year follow-up relative to bibliotherapy and brochure controls, but there were no significant effects for perceived parental support. Further, change in depressive symptoms appeared to mediate the effects of the intervention on change in perceived friend support. Results provide experimental support for the theory that depressive symptoms are inversely related to perceived social support, but imply that this effect may be specific to friend vs. parental support for adolescents.

Predictors of Employee Adherence to Worksite Weight Loss Exercise and Nutrition Program

Worksite wellness programs (WWP) are becoming a popular means of addressing the obesity epidemic due to their convenience and potential benefit to insurance costs. Unfortunately, few have been evaluated. GET FIT (GF) is a theory-based, worksite exercise and nutrition program that is designed to prevent and treat obesity. PURPOSE: Adherence is the primary predictor of success to a weight loss program. This study was designed to identify predictors of: adherence to GF; and weight loss in conjunction with GF. METHODS: Data was collected for 175 participants (n = 133 female). The mean age was 44.21 yrs. (+/-12.04). Body weight and body fat % were measured by scale and dual energy x-ray absorpitometry (DEXA) within two weeks of program onset and conclusion. The baseline mean body weight was 184.47 lbs (+/- 40.36) and body fat % was 40.19 (+/- 7.64), with 68% of participants obese due to a body fat % greater than 28% for males and 40% for females. Before beginning, participants completed a three surveys: (1) body satisfaction, (2) exercise, nutrition, and program self-efficacy, and (3) family and friend social support. GF staff recorded attendance for the exercise (3 d/wk) and nutrition (1 d/wk) sessions. RESULTS: Average exercise attendance was 61% (+/- 24) and the average nutrition education attendance was 24% (+/-29). The mean change in weight was -4.42 lbs (+/- 6.95) and the mean change in body fat was -1.88% (+/-2.11). Bi-variate correlations were used to identify significant relationships. Weight change was correlated with exercise attendance (r = -.22, p<.05), nutrition attendance (r= -.24, p<.05), and body satisfaction (r=.26, p<.01). Exercise attendance was correlated with nutrition attendance (r =.36, p<.001). None of the psychological constructs were significantly associated with attendance to either program. CONCLUSION: Overall, the GET FIT program was successful, with a significant 12-wk weight loss of 4.4 lbs. Attendance at exercise sessions was relatively strong. Attendance at the nutritional sessions was less successful. Surprisingly, neither of these values was associated with their self-efficacy ratings. Despite this, adherence to both the exercise and nutrition sessions was a significant predictor of weight loss. Future research must be conducted to examine maintenance of the weight loss.

Effect of an intervention programme on the physical activity participation patterns among school going children in South Africa

A steady decrease in the levels of physical activity during childhood and adolescents has been noted in various parts of the world. The picture of low physical activity levels in...

Smoking habits influence pain and functional and psychiatric features in fibromyalgia

Objective Numerous epidemiologic data have shown that smoking may play a role in the disease manifestations or severity of chronic musculoskeletal pain. The authors of the present study investigated the effect of smoking on clinical features such as pain, fatigue, functional impairment, and psychiatric features in the Korean population with fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS). Methods A total of 336 patients with FMS were consecutively enrolled from 10 medical centers which participated in the Korean national fibromyalgia survey. Smoking was divided into current smokers and non-smokers. Instruments of FMS assessment included tender points, Fibromyalgia Impact questionnaire (FIQ), 36-item Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36), Brief Fatigue Inventory (BFI), Brief Depression Inventory (BDI), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI)-1 and STAI-2, and social family support and social friend support. Statistical analyses included Chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, Mann-Whitney U test, and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results Thirty-three patients (9.8%) out of 336 participants were current smokers. The number of tender points ( P = 0.037), BFI ( P = 0.026), general health of SF-36 ( P = 0.028), BDI ( P = 0.014), syncope ( P = 0.024), and reflex sympathetic dystrophy ( P = 0.003) showing significance between current smokers and non-smokers were not associated with smoking habits after adjustment. The significance of the number of tender points ( P = 0.009), scores of total tender points ( P = 0.032), BDI ( P = 0.038), general weakness ( P = 0.047), and reflex sympathetic dystrophy ( P = 0.011) was observed between randomized non-smokers ( n = 55) and smokers ( n = 33). In addition, the number of tender points ( P = 0.027, OR = 1.379) was associated with smoking status after adjustment. The analysis between randomized non-smokers ( n = 45) and smokers ( n = 22) in female FMS patients showed that BDI in FMS was associated with smoking status ( P = 0.023, OR = 1.077) after logistic regression analysis. Conclusions This study revealed that smoking habits may, in part, influence pain or functional and psychiatric features in FMS patients. The impact of smoking on clinical features in FMS should be assessed in a larger study population.

Thin-Slicing Divorce

When a couple's marriage dissolves, members of their social network are often charged with intuiting their psychological states, and, in many cases, these impressions of their well-being dictate the emotional and social support friends provide. Should I visit him more often? Should I call her frequently? Should I recommend therapy? This report evaluates the accuracy with which people perceive the psychological adjustment of recently separated adults using small amounts, or thin slices, of information. Although the thin-slice paradigm has shed light on the way people process information and make judgments about others (Ambady & Skowronski, 2009; Ames & Johar, 2009; Borkenau & Liebler, 1992), only recently have these methods been applied to perceptions of psychological well-being (Fowler, Lilienfeld, & Patrick, 2009; Friedman, Oltmanns, & Turkheimer, 2007; Mehl, 2006). There is a conspicuous lack of thin-slice research addressing perceptions of interpersonal distress, and in everyday life, interpersonal exchanges (and decisions to provide social support) hinge on accurate perceptions of others' psychological states. In this study, we first investigated the degree to which judges accurately perceived recently separated adults' (targets') adjustment, either after hearing 30-s recordings of targets discussing their separation experience or after reading transcriptions of the recordings. We then asked if the perceptions of these listener judges or reader judges predicted changes in targets' adjustment to their separation over 3 months. Finally, we evaluated the role of each communication channel by asking if judges gleaned more information about targets' adjustment from listening to the recordings than from reading the transcripts (cf. Funder, 1995; but see Nisbett, Zukier, & Lemley, 1981, for an alternative prediction).

Social support for health-related leisure activity of the elderly and the relationship with health status and life satisfaction

Inferences from previous research suggest that social support from friends and family is important in influencing physical activity participation in enabling the elderly to achieve better health outcomes and satisfaction with life. Within a South African context, some of the elderlyare faced with the prospect of increased isolation and loneliness. For others, old age may be a time of gaining respect and veneration in a community. Hence, the purpose of this study is to assess family and friends social support for health-related leisure activities among the elderly. The secondary purpose of the study is to explore the influence of social support on respondents’ health status and life satisfaction. A cross-sectional survey covering a sample of 75 respondents aged between 60 to 69 years was undertaken. Factors analysis resulted in two distinct socialsupport factors through data reduction of variables, namely, friends and family support. Results infer that social support seems to be strongly correlated with life satisfaction and social support factors moderately influence life satisfaction. However, social support showed a weakrelationship with health status. With the changing demographic profile and health changes taking place in our communities, there is a need for low cost, available, practical forms of leisure and recreation for improving the well-being of the elderly.

Significance of family and peer support for metabolic control of type 1 diabetes in adolescents

The aim of the paper was to explore the significance of family and peer support for metabolic control of Type 1 diabetes in adolescents. Metabolic control refers to maintenance of acceptable blood glucose level thus diminishing risk for chronic complications. It involves regular insulin shots, measuring blood glucose and keeping diary, as the daily based self-control. Regular visits to endocrinologist and screening for chronic complications are compulsory. The sample comprised 79 adolescents age 10-17 years with diagnose of Type 1 diabetes and properly treated at the institute. The sample was divided in two groups - with good (N=40) and poor (N=39) metabolic control. A criterium for good metabolic control was glycosilated hemoglobin less than 7,6%. Social support was measured by Social Support Scale consisting of two parts - the first for estimation of registered family support (based upon modified Perceived Social Support Family Scale) and the second for estimation of registered friends' support (modified Perceived Social Support Friend Scale). Adolescents with good metabolic control referred statistically more significant social support in the family, unlike the group with poor metabolic control. Considering peer social support, there was no statistically significant difference. Positive family history for diabetes also appeared to be directly linked to good metabolic control.

The protective role of friendship on the effects of childhood abuse and depression

This study explored the relationships between childhood maltreatment (sexual, physical, and emotional abuse, as well as neglect), adult depression, and perceived social support from family and friends. As part of an NIH-funded study of risk and resilience at a public urban hospital in Atlanta, 378 men and women recruited from the primary care and obstetrics gynecology clinic waiting areas answered questions about developmental history, traumatic experiences, current relationship support, and depressive symptoms. Childhood emotional abuse and neglect proved more predictive of adult depression than childhood sexual or physical abuse. In females only, perceived friend social support protected against adult depression even after accounting for the contributions of both emotional abuse and neglect. These findings may elucidate the particular importance of understanding the effects that emotional abuse and neglect have on adult depression, and how perceived friendship support may provide a buffer for women with a history of early life stress who are at risk to develop adult depression.

Family Interactions Among African American Prostate Cancer Survivors

Prostate cancer affects African Americans at a higher rate than any other ethnic group in the United States. Prostate cancer does not only affect the man with the disease but also affects those individuals who are closest to him, such as his family and friends. Open communication is valuable in coping with stressors that are affiliated with chronic illnesses. This article focuses on family and friend social support of men with prostate cancer. Data analysis revealed that support from family members and friends plays an important role in how men cope with their treatment and recovery from prostate cancer.

Changes in physical activity in adolescent girls: a latent growth modelling approach

To examine: (1) the developmental trajectory of physical activity as well the influence of body mass index (BMI) and friend support on initial physical activity and change of physical activity; and (2) the stability of physical activity in adolescent girls. Participants were 193 urban adolescent girls and their best friends. Physical activity was measured using the 3-day physical activity recall. Best friend social support was assessed using a questionnaire. BMI was calculated based on height and body mass of the participants. Data were collected on four occasions over a 1.75-year period. The stability coefficients for moderate, vigorous and total physical activity were statistically significant and ranged from 0.25 to 0.62. There was a curvilinear decrease in physical activity and a curvilinear increase in BMI and friend social support across four measurement occasions. Latent growth modelling (LGM) revealed that initially higher level of friend social support was associated with higher physical activity, and higher level of BMI was associated with lower levels of physical activity. With the physical activity change factor, there were statistically significant and positive direct effect from friend social support change factor, and statistically significant and negative direct effect from BMI change factor. Change in friend social support was positively and change in BMI was inversely associated with a change in adolescent girls' physical activity.

Revisiting First-Year College Students' Mattering: Social Support, Academic Stress, and the Mattering Experience

In this study, Nancy Schlossberg's (1989) theory of college students' mattering to others was revisited. Mattering is the experience of others depending on us, being interested in us, and being concerned with our fate. The relationships of gender, mattering to college friends and the college environment, and friend and family social support with academic stress of 533 first-year undergraduates were examined. Female students reported higher levels of family support, mattering to friends, mattering to their college, and academic stress. Regardless of gender, college friend social support was the most powerful predictor of mattering; mattering to the college was the most powerful predictor of academic stress levels. Research-informed implications for reducing first-year students' academic stress and enforcing their social support and experiences of mattering are discussed.

Factors Affecting Postpartum Depressive Symptoms of Adolescent Mothers

To assess the extent that anticipated maternal emotions in response to infant care (infant care emotionality or frustration and dissatisfaction with infant crying or fussing, or both), several forms of social support, and socioeconomic status explain fourth-week postpartum depressive symptoms of adolescent mothers. Secondary multiple regression analysis of a subset of variables from a larger longitudinal study that examined adolescent mothers and infants. Two university teaching hospitals in Western Canada. Convenience sample of 78 healthy adolescent mothers. Prenatal anticipated infant care emotionality, perceived family and friend social support, socioeconomic status, enacted social support, and postpartum depressive symptoms. Anticipated infant care emotionality (R2=.19) and socioeconomic status (R2=.07) significantly predicted postpartum depressive symptoms. Family support, friend support, and enacted social support were not significant predictors of postpartum depressive symptoms. Nurses in various settings can assess the pregnant adolescent's anticipated infant care emotionality and socioeconomic status to determine their potential risk or vulnerability to postpartum depressive symptoms. More negative prenatal infant care emotionality was the strongest predictor of postpartum depressive symptoms. Validation of study findings with a larger, more representative sample is recommended.

Validation of Four Measures of Social Support With Latina/o and Non-Hispanic White Undergraduates

This study investigated the psychometric properties of the Perceived Social Support-Family and -Friends Scales, the Family Valuing of Education Scale, and the Mentoring Scale with Latina/o and non-Hispanic White college freshmen. When scores for 112 Latina/o and 597 non-Hispanic White freshmen were examined, strong reliability was found for the Perceived Social Support Scale scores and acceptable reliability for the Family Valuing of Education and Mentoring Scale scores for both groups. Evidence of concurrent validity was found for the Perceived Social Support-Friend and Mentoring Scale scores for Latina/o students. Evidence of construct and concurrent validity was found for both of the Social Support scales and the Mentoring Scale scores for non-Hispanic White students.