Friendship Of Peoples Research Articles

Establishment of breeding research of the genus Citrus in the subtropics of the Russian Black Sea coast

The article briefly describes the history behind the creation of the Sochi Agricultural and Horticultural Experimental Station (now known as the Federal Research Center ‘the Subtropical Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences’), as well as the techniques and methods of breeding research to create new varieties of the genus Citrus. A brief biography of the breeder Fyodor Zorin (1904-1967) is presented, as well as the varieties of citrus crops created by him. The article tells the story behind the Friendship Tree, its importance in promoting the ideas of peace and friendship of peoples, and how it became a unique botanical garden.

The theme of joining Russia in the literature of the peoples of Siberia in the 1950s–1980s

The article examines the features of the embodiment of the theme of joining Russia in the literature of the peoples of Siberia in the 1950s–1980s in the context of state memory policy of this period. The research materials are the works of Altai, Buryat, Khakass and Yakut literature. The research is based on the theory and methodology of comparative literature, as well as on the theory of cultural and historical memory. It has been established that the appearance of the theme of joining Russia in the literature of the peoples of Siberia in the 1950s–1980s was associated with the memory politics of this period. At this time, the basis of the national histories of the peoples of the USSR was the concept of friendship of peoples, within the framework of which special attention was paid to the idea of the voluntary entry of indigenous peoples into Russia, which brought them various benefits and became the basis for further national development. The appearance of the first literary works on this topic in the literature of Siberia dates back to the time of anniversary celebrations in honor of the anniversaries of the voluntary entry of local peoples into Russia, which proves the connection between these phenomena. It is also known that in the writing community since the 1950s the directive was spread to pay special attention to the theme of friendship of peoples and the positive role of Russia and Russians in the history of the peoples of Siberia. Within literary discourse, this idea was embodied in works of various genres: historical poems, plays, novels dedicated to the era of annexation to Russia, as well as in a number of poems glorifying the patriotism of the peoples of Siberia and the beneficial influence of the Russian state and Russian culture on their historical destiny. These works are characterised by an appeal to historical facts, which in Soviet times were interpreted as a manifestation of the friendship of the peoples of Siberia with Russia, as well as to folklore legends, interpreted in the same vein. All these works can be considered as a kind of hypertext, formed in the literature of Siberia in the 1950s–1980s around the theme of joining Russia and reflecting the corresponding trend in the politics of memory of this period.

РОЛЬ РЕГИОНОВ В УКРЕПЛЕНИИ ЕДИНСТВА РОССИЙСКОГО ГОСУДАРСТВА

The article shows the role and importance of regions in strengthening state unity in the context of the need to harmonize interethnic relations in the country. The importance of implementing measures by state authorities, taking into account the national characteristics and needs of each region, is empha-sized, and the need to consolidate in legislation at the regional level the principles of preserving and enhancing the spiritual, historical and cultural heritage and potential of the multinational people of the Russian Federation through promoting the ideas of patriotism and unity is substantiated and friend-ship of peoples, interethnic harmony

Intermarriage and the Friendship of Peoples: Ethnic Mixing in Soviet Central Asia

Intermarriage and the Friendship of Peoples: Ethnic Mixing in Soviet Central Asia

The Rhetoric of Indirect Translation: Out from the Shadows

This article seeks to contribute to the growing literature on indirect translation by exploring the phenomenon in the context of twentieth and twenty-first-century Russian-English translation flows. In addition to reflecting transnational networks and the cultural (and linguistic) asymmetries embedded therein, indirect translation became a defining other of "modern" translation practice, specifically, what Gideon Toury describes as the norm of directness. The first part of the paper investigates the cultural politics of relay translation in reference to two case studies: the one involving the first English translation of Dmitrii Merezhkovskii's Voskresshie bogi [Resurrected Gods], published in the early twentieth century, with Russian as the source language, and the other concerns the first English translation of Georgian dissident Levan Berzenishvili's Gulag memoir Sacred Darkness, with Russian as the intermediary language, published in the early twenty-first century. Both case studies raise the question of the relationship between relay translation and textual integrity while underscoring the persistence of the phenomenon. The second part of the paper explores the rhetoric of indirect translation in Soviet culture, as represented in theoretical works, intelligentsia discourse and works of trans-fiction, that is, fictional works featuring translators and translation. While directness claims in the pre-World War II period were used to define Soviet translation practice as superior to pre-Soviet practice, those claims were deployed in the post-War period to critique the Soviet literary bureaucracy and to expose the hypocrisy behind the official policy of "Friendship of Peoples."

The Review of the monograph by A.M. Orekhov «History, philosophy and methodology of social and humanities»

The review is devoted to the recently published textbook of Andrei Mikhailovich Orekhov, Doctor of Philosophy, Professor of the Department of Social Philosophy of the Russian University of Friendship of Peoples, «History, Philosophy and Methodology of Social and Humanitarian Sciences» of A.M. Orekhov».

МИКРОБИОЦЕНОЗЫ ПРИ ОСТРОЙ КАТАРАЛЬНОЙ БРОНХОПНЕВМОНИИ ТЕЛЯТ

The purpose of the study is to conduct intravital diagnostics of calves with acute catarrhal bronchopneumonia using bronchoalveolar lavage samples and a detailed study of microbiocenoses from the collected contents. Objectives: development of a technique for intravital collection of bronchoalveolar lavage in calves with bronchopneumonia; study of the microbial landscape in calves with bronchopneumonia, characteristics of isolated microorganisms and their associations. The object of the study is calves aged 1–3 months, sick with acute catarrhal bronchopneumonia (n = 37). Pathological bronchoalveolar lavage was collected transnasally from the tracheal bifurcation area using sterile silicone catheters into sterile test tubes. Bacteriological studies were conducted using generally accepted methods at the Scientific and Educational Resource Center (SERC) Pharmacy of the People's Friendship University of Russia. As a result of the studies, 115 microorganisms of 13 species, classified into 9 genera, were isolated. The majority of isolates – 71 (61.7 %) were classified as gram-negative microorganisms. Staphylococcus aureus, Mannheimia haemolytica, Escherichia coli, Pasteurella multocida, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes and Klebsiella ozaenae were most often isolated from pathological material in cases of bronchopneumonia in calves. Isolates of E. coli were most often represented by O8, O26 and O111 serotypes. Of the 115 microorganisms that initiated bronchopneumonia in calves, the majority – 75 (65.2 %) cultures – had pathogenic properties. Retrospective analysis of microbial associations showed that most often the development of acute catarrhal bronchopneumonia in calves is caused by associations of opportunistic microorganisms, which included from 2 to 5 pathogens. Moreover, associations that included three members were most often isolated – 21 (56.8 %) and two members – 8 (21.6 %). Thus, in acute catarrhal bronchopneumonia of calves, microbiocenoses are formed in the inflammation focus, which can include various variations of opportunistic microorganisms.

ЯЗЫК ПОЭЗИИ ВАДИМА РАБИНОВИЧА: ФЕНОМЕН ВСЕМИРНОЙ ОТЗЫВЧИВОСТИ

The object of the study is the phenomenon of global responsiveness, manifested in Russian artistic culture. The subject of the scientific work is the figurative realizations of this phenomenon in modern poetry. The material for the article is the poetry of cultural scientist, philosopher and poet Vadim Lvovich Rabinovich, namely his poetry selection from the literary and socio-political magazine "Friendship of Peoples". The hermeneutic analysis focuses on the figurative realizations of the phenomenon of global responsiveness in the poet's poetry selection, which manifests Eastern European and Russian cultural traditions associated with the eidology of love and death, knowledge of the Other. We turn to Pushkin's text at the typological level, views on the art of artists of the modernist era. We consider in detail the concept of "entelechy", without which it is impossible to make a methodological breakthrough in terms of understanding the phenomenon of global responsiveness. The results of the study consist in identifying the cultural and philosophical potential of modern poetry for further study of the problem of global responsiveness in Russian artistic culture and its national existence. The results of the work may be of interest to literary scholars who include literature in the space of a large dialogue of cultures, and can also be used in teaching courses on cultural studies and philosophy.

The Quality of Friendship for People with Disabilities: A Comparative Study between the Perceptions of Parents and Teachers

The Quality of Friendship for People with Disabilities: A Comparative Study between the Perceptions of Parents and Teachers

Некоторые аспекты военно-патриотического воспитания

The substantive role of batyrs in the education of national patriotism is considered. Horse riding, fights, conquests, love for military affairs developed a special «institute of batyrs», which solved almost all the most complex problems that arose in traditional Turkic-Kazakh society. Military history played an important role in the process of educating young soldiers. The moral and ethical norms that have developed in nomadic society give full reason to believe that the institution of great heroes served as the main source of inspiration for young people and performed an important function of patriotic education. Military-patriotic education is one of the important factors in ensuring military security, especially in the context of the changes that are taking place in the modern world. In all universities where there are military departments, it is necessary to introduce the subject of «Military History». Students studying at military departments should know the theory and practice in the construction of the Armed Forces, the theoretical foundations of military affairs and military art, learn to think about the military and get educated in the spirit of respect and friendship of peoples. The outward-political situation in the world requires enormous responsibility for strengthening the country's defense capability. The study of military history, national spiritual and moral values accumulated from the ancient period, a prerequisite among other areas in the military-patriotic education of students of Higher Educational Institutions. The huge role of the military history of the Kazakhs is revealed, where honor and dignity were the main factor in the development of the civilian position of the younger generation

In memory of Vyacheslav Vladimirovich Sychev

Vyacheslav Vladimirovich Sychev (December 11, 1933, Odessa February 14, 2023, Moscow) Soviet and Russian scientist, doctor of technical sciences, professor at the Moscow Power Engineering Institute (MPEI); specialist in thermodynamics; Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation (1996). His main areas of scientific interest were thermodynamics, thermophysics, and information technologies. He was an author of more than 200 printed works, including monographs and books that have been published many times: "Technical Thermodynamics", "Complex Thermodynamic Systems", "Differential Equations of Thermodynamics" and others.Full member of the International Academy of Sciences, Academy of Technological Sciences of the Russian Federation, Academy of Electrotechnical Sciences, International Academy of Cold, International Academy of Creativity. Member of the Expert Council of the Higher Attestation Commission (HAC) under the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation and the Dissertation Council of MPEI.
 Laureate of the State Prizes of the USSR (1976, 1988) and the State Prize of the Russian Federation (1996), the Polzunov Prize of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1984), J. Gibbs Prize and Medal of the International Academy of Creativity (1993), Moscow Power Engineering Institute Prize "Honor and Recognition of Generations" (2013). Laureate of the State Prizes of the USSR (1976, 1988) and the State Prize of the Russian Federation (1996). Awarded the Order of Friendship of Peoples, Order of Friendship of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam.

ON THE ROLE OF LEGAL SCIENCE AND EDUCATION IN THE FORMATION OF THE LEGAL CULTURE OF THE POPULATION

The article analyzes the role of legal science and education in the formation of the legal culture of the population, taking into account the tasks set by the Foundations of the state cultural policy. It is concluded that jurisprudence plays an important role in the formation of a high level of legal consciousness of the population and its national identity. Intensive legal education and the possibility of obtaining legal knowledge by a wide range of people will help to create a positive image of the state (including in works of art) and strengthen civil self-identity. The destructive activity of “unfriendly countries” can be overcome by strengthening traditional values, which form the basis of the constitutional system of Russia and are embodied in various legal institutions. The developed legal culture of the population will help to avoid socio-psychological dependence on external influence, will become the basis of unity and cohesion of Russian society, the uni cation of the multinational people of the Russian Federation. The authors of the article propose to popularize legal science and law enforcement practice, to promote youth movements in the eld of patriotic education and legal education, to develop the system of legal education by organizing lectures, seminars, round tables, conferences in order to strengthen the spirit of unity, cohesion, friendship of peoples, as well as traditional values in society.

Республика Бурятия в панораме 100-летия: исторические вехи и достижения

Goals. The article aims to consider some key historical milestones and achievements in Buryatia’s nation-state building for over 100 years. The paper analyzes the conditions for the emergence of Buryat-Mongolian autonomy, and the factors that prompted reorganizations of the Republic’s political structure in the context of changes witnessed in the nationwide political agenda. Special attention is paid to the contribution of the Republic to the Great Victory, certain analytical emphases be laid on present-day challenges, achievements and development prospects. Materials and methods. The work examines unpublished documents stored at the State Archive of the Russian Federation, Russian State Archive of Sociopolitical History, and State Archive of Buryatia. The principles of historicism and consistency prove instrumental enough in reconstructing the process of nation-state building in Buryatia, identifying specific features, and tracing general trends of state development in the Republic’s political life. Results. On 30 May 1923, the Presidium of the All-Russia Central Executive Committee decided to unite Siberian and Far Eastern autonomous domains (oblasts) of Buryat-Mongols into one autonomous socialist Soviet republic centered around the city of Verkhneudinsk. It is then and there that the statehood of Buryat-Mongols — consolidated by a single territory, economic integrity, and historical ties of all resident peoples — was proclaimed. The shaping and rapid development of industries in the Republic, transformations in agriculture, education and health care converted the territory of Buryatia into a strong supporting point that would render every possible assistance to the nation during the Great Patriotic War. The post-war years up to the 1960s and early 1970s became a period of progressive development in all spheres of life. At the all-Union level, merits of the Republic were distinguished with the Order of Lenin (1958), Order of Friendship of Peoples (1972), and Order of the October Revolution (1973). Events of the late 1980s and the subsequent collapse of the USSR served as a test of state viability to the Republic. The economic depression led to an unprecedented deterioration of the social situation which could actually result in a severest interethnic conflict. However, the accumulated experiences of cross-cultural interaction, flexible administrative and managerial systems, high educational and scientific levels of the population, and a unified language environment proved instrumental in neutralizing negative trends and strengthening constructive ones — as part of interethnic dialogue within the new statehood of Russia. Despite the complicated processes of the 1980s–1990s, Buryatia confirmed its loyalty to the principles of federalism and integrity of Russia. Another important milestone was the 1994 adoption of the Constitution of the Republic of Buryatia. Over the past hundred years, the Republic has developed as a major political/legal entity of the Russian Federation — in cultural, economic, and other aspects. Nowadays, the peoples of Buryatia — regardless of faith and ethnic identity — join efforts to develop public economy and culture, shape a common destiny of the Republic and the country on the basis of friendship, harmony, and mutual understanding.

Friends, peers and safeguarding

Friends, peers and safeguarding

PROPAGANDA AND AGITATION WORK IN CHUVASHIA DURING THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR

The purpose of this study is the organization and implementation of political and mass agitation work among the population of the Chuvash Republic during the Great Patriotic War. The study of this problem is relevant due to the need to rethink the daily life and public consciousness of the population during the war years, the introduction of new sources into scientific circulation, has a popular character at the present stage and practical significance. This topic has not been widely covered in regional historical work. Materials and methods. The work was carried out using the method of historical analysis, which allows us to comprehensively consider the situation and show the features and difficulties of carrying out ideological work during the war years on the territory of Chuvashia. The research is based on archival sources, as well as memoirs and publications in the media. The results of the study. The article examines the activities of the party and Soviet bodies of Chuvashia to establish propaganda and agitation work during the Great Patriotic War, forms and methods of work with the population, the role of the mass media in patriotic education and mobilization of the population. The main thesis of the restructuring of ideological work was its translation into a military way. A brief analysis of the work of lecturers, agitators is given, the sources on which mass political work was based are indicated. A common, and one of the new forms of ideological work, was the exchange of letters between the front and the rear. At the same time, attention was paid to methods of persuasion, taking into account national traditions: friendship of peoples, mutual assistance and the use of native languages. Conclusions. The main tasks facing the party and state authorities, agitators and propagandists, the formation and maintenance of the patriotic and spiritual impulse of the population of the republic have been achieved. Despite the complex and ambiguous socio-political situation, a lot of organizational work to implement the basic forms and methods of political and mass work in the harsh war years in the republic have become effective mechanisms of persuasion and mobilization of the population. The research materials can be used in scientific and teaching activities, patriotic education of young people.

Deterritorialized Nationality: Viktor Tsoi Saves the World

This article uses Alexei Yurchak's account of late socialist performance and the deterritorialization of authoritative discourses to discuss the half-Korean identity of Viktor Tsoi, the most prominent rock start emerging from the perestroika period. It uses representations and perceptions of Tsoi from the 1980s to argue that in this period, it was possible to perform the nationalities listed in each Soviet citizen's passport, as well as official slogans like “the friendship of peoples,” in ways that allowed for flexible understandings of group identity—what the article conceptualizes as “deterritorialized nationality” via overviews of Soviet nationalities policy and the history of Soviet Koreans. The article illustrates deterritorialized nationality through readings of the landmark films Assa (1987), which concludes with a performance by Tsoi, and Needle (1988), which stars and features the music of Tsoi. In both films Tsoi's racial difference is evident in ways not possible in his music alone, but race takes on unanticipated meanings—hearkening to radical internationalisms that help us to think beyond our ever more polarized discussions surrounding identity in the west, as well as the renewed polarization of Russia and the west.

Особенности беременности и родов у женщин с железодефицитной анемией

Aim. To study the features of the course of pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period in patients with iron deficiency anemia (IDA) with and without the use of iron supplements. Design. Retrospective case-control study. Materials and methods. A clinical and statistical analysis of exchange charts and birth histories of women was carried out at the clinical sites of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology with the course of perinatology of the Medical Institute of the Patrice Lumumba People's Friendship University of Russia. Pregnant women with IDA (n = 80) were divided into two groups: the 1st (n = 30) included patients who did not take iron supplements, the 2nd (n = 50) included women who received iron supplements after the diagnosis of IDA. Anthropometric, anamnestic, clinical and laboratory data of patients, features of the course of pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period were studied. Results. In patients of the 2nd group at the time of detection of IDA, lower levels of hemoglobin, erythrocytes and hematocrit were detected. However, against the background of timely initiation of iron supplementation, women in this group showed statistically significantly better indicators compared to patients who refused to take anti-anemic therapy: lower levels of blood loss during childbirth (p < 0.05), lower odds of hypotonic bleeding (odds ratio (OR) = 4.246; 95% confidence interval (CI) — 1.370–13.155) and obstetric perineal trauma (OR = 4.529; 95% CI — 1.707–12.018), Conclusion. The course of pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period in patients with IDA depends on timely treatment. Prescribing iron supplements for IDA in pregnant women helps reduce the frequency of threatened premature births, reduce the risks of pathological blood loss, uterine hypotension during childbirth and in the early postpartum period, as well as obstetric perineal trauma. The elasticity of tissues, in particular the perineum, in women with IDA after the use of iron supplements and normalization of hemoglobin levels corresponds to normal parameters, in contrast to postpartum women who did not receive iron supplements. Key words: iron deficiency anemia, pregnancy, childbirth, complications.

Stakeholder-Engaged Research

There is a need for intervention to support friendship for people living with aphasia. The purpose of this article is to describe a stakeholder engagement process that involved researchers, clinicians, people living with aphasia, and care partners to inform such intervention. Through reflection and firsthand accounts of non–university-based researchers, people not typically represented in the research process, we share details of two main lessons learned throughout the stakeholder engagement journey: (1) accessible engagement and (2) team correspondence. Finally, we describe experiences with use of the Social Convoy Model to support discussion and engagement about friendship and aphasia. We argue that this tool be a consideration in future intervention research in this area to support people with aphasia communicating their friendship priorities and goals. Although the richness of multistakeholder research teams has been documented, we hope that this article provides detail that is not commonly shared thus illuminating the process. We also hope to provide a transparent account of the cost and time required to ensure equity across stakeholder groups.

‘Uzbek Speculators’ Behind the Front Line. A Firmly Rooted Russian Colonial Stereotype Versus the Soviet ‘Friendship of Peoples’

‘Uzbek Speculators’ Behind the Front Line. A Firmly Rooted Russian Colonial Stereotype Versus the Soviet ‘Friendship of Peoples’

Friendship of Peoples as a Historical Factor in the Development of Modern Interstate Relations Between Russia and Uzbekistan

The article examines the historical ties between the peoples of Russia and Uzbekistan both in a bilateral and multilateral format within the CIS, their historical unity during the Great Patriotic War, in the post-war period and today. “Friendship of peoples” is considered as a socio-political value and economic foundation of international relations between Russia and Uzbekistan. The author shows that the historical potential of “friendship of peoples” as a post-Soviet phenomenon has not been sufficiently studied. In some countries, the elites are underutilizing the historical potential of “friendship of peoples” as a post-Soviet phenomenon. Understanding the significance of the “friendship of peoples” is a test of state maturity in the conditions of the modern multipolarity of the world.