Friction Wear Performance Research Articles

Effect of Ultrasonic Impact on the Organization and Friction Wear Performance of AZ31B Magnesium Alloy Micro-Arc Oxidation Composite Coating

To enhance the frictional wear performance of AZ31B magnesium alloy, a nanocrystalline layer was prepared by ultrasonic impact (UI) treatment on magnesium alloy samples, and the effects of different ultrasonic impact times (5 min, 10 min, and 15 min) on the organization and wear resistance of the composite coating were studied. The findings revealed that the maximum thickness of the composite coating was about 50 μm after 10 min of impact time, which was approximately 15 μm higher than that of the MAO coating. The elemental composition of the composite coating was mainly Mg, O, and Si elements, and the phase structure of the coating, mainly MgO and Mg2SiO4, was the same before and after UI. The microhardness value gradually decreased in a gradient with the increasing distance from the sample surface. The coating had a lower average coefficient of friction (0.18) and lower wear loss (1.56 mg) for the 15 min impact time. Moreover, a small amount of abrasive and adhesive wear served as the primary modes of wear.

New two-stage running-in process with particle effect in three-body lubrication

Running-in is essential for improving the performance and lifetime of a machine. This study proposed a two-stage running-in procedure based on the lubrication regime and nanoparticle effect to increase running-in efficiency; the method was verified using a disk-on-block experiment. The first stage involved wearing down the high peaks of the surface asperities in relatively severe mixed lubrication. The second stage was a mild wear process, in which the shape of the asperity peak was trimmed with soft CuO particles in three-body mixed lubrication. The CuO concentrations were divided into three concentration variations (0.1 wt%, 0.5 wt%, and 1.0 wt%) to investigate the effect of CuO concentration on the smoothing surface processes. The tribological parameters, including the surface roughness value, peak radius of asperity, plasticity index, adhesion index, real contact area, true friction power intensity (TFPI), and modified true friction power intensity (MTFPI) index, were investigated to evaluate the friction coefficient, wear, and anti-scuffing performance. The result after first stage showed that the surface roughness value decreased to similarly low values for the different initial roughness values. After the second stage of the trimming process, the asperity peak radius, contact angle, real contact area, plasticity index, and anti-scuffing improved considerably. The obvious reduction in the friction coefficient in the second stage was due to the decrease in ratchet friction, deformation, and plowing friction. These methods effectively enhanced the efficiency of the running-in process.

Effect of α-Al2O3 Additive on the Surface Micro-Arc Oxidation Coating of Ti6Al4V Alloy.

α-Al2O3 nanoparticles can enter a micro-arc oxidation coating and participate in the coating-formation process through chemical reaction or physical-mechanical combination in the electrolyte. The prepared coating has high strength, good toughness and excellent wear and corrosion resistance. In this paper, 0, 1, 3 and 5 g/L of α-Al2O3 nanoparticles were added to a Na2SiO3-Na(PO4)6 electrolyte to study the effect on the microstructure and properties of a Ti6Al4V alloy micro-arc oxidation coating. The thickness, microscopic morphology, phase composition, roughness, microhardness, friction and wear properties and corrosion resistance were characterized using a thickness meter, scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffractometer, laser confocal microscope, microhardness tester and electrochemical workstation. The results show that surface quality, thickness, microhardness, friction and wear properties and corrosion resistance of the Ti6Al4V alloy micro-arc oxidation coating were improved by adding α-Al2O3 nanoparticles to the electrolyte. The nanoparticles enter the coatings by physical embedding and chemical reaction. The coatings' phase composition mainly includes Rutile-TiO2, Anatase-TiO2, α-Al2O3, Al2TiO5 and amorphous phase SiO2. Due to the filling effect of α-Al2O3, the thickness and hardness of the micro-arc oxidation coating increase, and the surface micropore aperture size decreases. The roughness decreases with the increase of α-Al2O3 additive concentration, while the friction wear performance and corrosion resistance are improved.

Study on Development of Composite PAM/PI Gel Abrasive Tools and Finishing Performance on the Sapphire Substrates

A sol-gel method was proposed to prepare the abrasive tool to solve the problem of abrasive agglomeration in the traditional hot-pressing abrasive tool. In this paper, the effect of AM acrylamide (AM) monomer concentration on the polyacrylamide (PAM) gel performance and the effect of abrasive mass fraction on viscosity were investigated. Experiments about the effect of polyimide (PI) resin mass fraction on the mechanical properties, surface morphologies and friction wear performance of the abrasive tool were conducted. The polishing experiments were conducted to compare the machining effect of the gel abrasive tool, hot-pressing abrasive tool and the polyurethane polishing pad. Results show that the PAM gel has the best uniformity when the concentration of AM monomer reaches 7 wt%, when the mass fraction of PI resin in the abrasive tool reaches 12 wt%, the mechanical properties is the best. When the mass fraction of PI resin is 8 wt%, the gel abrasive tool has the most stable friction coefficient. The average surface roughness reaches 2.706 nm, and the flatness reaches 0.631 μm when the sapphire was processed by the gel abrasive tool. After Chemical mechanical polishing (CMP), a scratch-free surface was obtained and the average surface roughness reached 0.724 nm.

Molecular dynamics simulation of a new inhomogeneous concentration distribution model based on frictional behavior of FeNiCrCoCu high-entropy alloy

High-entropy alloys (HEA) have excellent mechanical properties and wear properties, and they have a powerful role in wear materials. In this study, the molecular dynamics (MD) method was used to investigate the friction and wear properties of FeNiCrCoCu high-entropy alloy. Firstly, the effects of cutting speed, cutting depth, cutting environment temperature, and alloy concentration on the frictional behavior were explored by analyzing friction coefficient, stress distribution, and dislocation in the wear model of FeNiCrCoCu high-entropy alloy. The results show that the increase in friction speed will lead to more intense heating. Compared to lower friction speeds, more high-temperature areas will be formed. By the way, the temperature in these regions mainly diffuses perpendicular to the friction direction. During the friction process, the increase of the friction environment temperature will lead to local stress concentration phenomenon and the appearance of low-stress areas. In addition, based on the above research on the friction mechanism of FeNiCrCoCu high-entropy alloy, a new model based on the concentration distribution is proposed. Through the analysis of its wear degree, it is found that the structure can effectively reduce the wear situation of the material, the reason is that the model can effectively impede the movement of dislocation lines and improve the wear resistance of the alloy. It is of great significance to improve the frictional wear performance of the alloy structure.

The recognition method for the fractal and the dynamic on the tool flank of a high-energy-efficiency milling cutter

The friction contact boundary between the tool flank of the milling cutter and the machining transition surface is important indicator to reveal the third deformation zone tool contact relationship and assessing the frictional wear performance of milling cutter. The existing models for friction boundary identification pay attention to the maximum width of accumulated friction and wear on the tool flank, ignoring the variability of the overall and local morphology of the friction boundary on the flank. Aimed at the influence of milling vibration on the instantaneous position of the cutter teeth and the machining transition surface, the solution and discrimination for the instantaneous position vector on the flank was proposed. Based on the mutagenicity of the instantaneous temperature and stress distribution, the influence of the instantaneous contact, extrusion, and deformation between the tool flank and the machined transition surface on the friction area was recognized. The calculation model of friction boundary of the flank was established. The irregularities of the distributions of the friction boundaries of the tool flank were revealed. The fractal recognition methods for instantaneous and cumulative friction boundary of the flank were proposed. And response was studied and verified with experiments. The results showed that it could effectively identify the irregular distribution of the friction boundary on the flank with the use of the above models. The formation and evolution of the friction boundary on the tool flank of the high-energy efficiency milling cutters were revealed.

Effect of High-Energy Shot Peening on Properties of High-Velocity Oxygen-Fuel Spraying

A Cr3C2-Al2O3-NiCr composite coating was prepared on an INCONEL600 alloy surface through high-velocity oxygen-fuel spraying followed by further processing through high-energy shot peening to create the composite coating. The microhardness and friction properties of the composite coating are analyzed by a microhardness tester and reciprocating friction tester. The microscopic structure and wear trace of the composite coating were analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The element distribution of the coating was analyzed by energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The porosity of the coating was detected by industrial CT. The phase and residual stress of the coating were tested by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The electrochemical corrosion and friction wear performance of the samples under different surface states were discussed. The results showed that the compactness of the coating was improved and the porosity was significantly reduced after high-energy shot peening. The high-energy shot peening did not alter the phase composition of the coating but introduced residual compressive stress. The microhardness of theCr3C2-Al2O3-NiCr high-velocity oxygen-fuel coating can reach 2.9 times that of the INCONEL600 substrate, and the hardness of the coating after high-energy shot peening can reach 3.9 times of that of the substrate. After high-energy shot peening, the corrosion resistance of the coating in HCl solution is improved. Compared with the INCONEL600 substrate, the friction coefficient and calculated wear rate of the Cr3C2-Al2O3-NiCr high-velocity oxygen-fuel coating decrease by 62.5% and 79.6%, respectively. After high-energy shot peening, the friction coefficient and calculated wear rate of the coating decrease by 75% and 98.7%, respectively.

Tribological properties of PEEK-based composite coating prepared by thermal spraying

To improve the friction wear performance of the aluminum alloy scroll disc of the scroll compressor under dry friction conditions, the C-MoS2-PTFE-PEEK coating was prepared on the surface of the 4032 aluminum alloy substrate by thermal spraying. The friction and wear performance of C-MoS2-PTFE-PEEK coating under dry friction conditions was investigated via friction wear test, hardness test, coating adhesion scratch test, x-ray diffraction analysis test, morphological characteristics, element distribution test, And XPS photoelectron spectrometer. Moreover, the frictional wear performance of the C-MoS2-PTFE-PEEK coating was compared with that of the anodic oxide film of 4032 aluminum alloy and the Ni-plated coating of 4032 aluminum alloy. The results show that the hardness of C-MoS2-PTFE-PEEK coating is 102.8 HV0.2. The C-MoS2-PTFE-PEEK coating has good lubrication properties under dry friction conditions due to the synergistic effect of MoS2 and PTFE, which can effectively resist deformation and reduce the coefficient of friction. The average friction coefficient under 5N, 10N, and 15N loads are 0.12, 0.15, and 0.23, respectively. The Graphite can effectively form a solid lubricating film, improve the adhesion resistance of the composite, and cause the shallow and small wear mark of C-MoS2-PTFE-PEEK coating; The wear rate and friction coefficient of C-MoS2-PTFE-PEEK coating under different loads are lower than that of the anodic oxidation film of 4032 aluminum alloy and the Ni-plated coating of 4032 aluminum alloy, showing excellent anti-friction and wear resistance. The wear mechanism of C-MoS2-PTFE-PEEK coating under different loads is mainly fatigue wear, adhesive wear, and abrasive wear.

Effect of Ti3SiC2 mass fraction on microstructure and tribological performance of laser cladded NiCr coating at high temperature

PurposeThis paper aims to investigate the effect of Ti3SiC2 on the high-temperature tribological behaviors of NiCr coating, which was beneficial to improve the friction-wear performance of hot work mold.Design/methodology/approachNiCr-Ti3SiC2 coatings were prepared on H13 steel substrate by laser cladding. The microstructure, phases and hardness of obtained coatings were analyzed using a super-depth of field microscope, X-ray diffraction and microhardness tester, respectively, and the tribological performance of obtained coatings at 500°C was investigated using a high-temperature tester.FindingsThe results show the NiCr-Ti3SiC2 coatings are comprised of γ-Ni solid, solution, TixNiy, TiC and Ti3SiC2 phases, and the coating hardness is increased with the increase of Ti3SiC2 mass fraction, which is contributed to the fine-grain and dispersion strengthening effect by the addition of Ti3SiC2. The NiCr-Ti3SiC2 coatings present excellent friction reduction and wear resistance by the synergetic action of Ti3SiC2 lubricant and hard phase, and the wear mechanism is predominated by abrasive wear and oxidation wear.Originality/valueTi3SiC2 phase was used to reinforce the tribological performance of H13 steel at high temperature, and the roles of friction reduction and wear resistance were discussed.Peer reviewThe peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/ILT-01-2023-0004/

Influence of Pits on the Tribological Properties and Friction-Induced Vibration Noise of Textured Tapered Roller Bearings

This study analyzed the influence of pits on the tribological properties and friction-induced vibration noise of textured tapered roller bearings under starved lubrication. Laser marking equipment was used to fabricate pits on the outer ring surface. A vertical universal friction and wear testing machine was used to measure the friction force, vibration acceleration, and noise signals of tapered roller bearings. The difference between the pit texture surface and smooth surface in terms of friction wear and vibration noise performance was studied. The results show that the friction force and wear loss of the pit-textured surfaces are markedly lower than those on the smooth surface. Compared to smooth surface bearings, the friction force and wear loss were reduced by 45.1 and 62.5%, respectively, when the diameter, depth, and area density of the pit were 200 μm, 10 μm, and 24%, respectively. The pit-textured surface exhibited good potential for vibration absorption and noise suppression. The friction force of the pit-textured tapered roller bearings is crucial for generating the vibration noise of the friction pair system. It can effectively interfere with the self-excited vibration of the tapered roller-bearing friction pair system. It thereby reduces the degree of vibration noise of the tapered roller bearings.

Microstructure and friction–wear performances of laser cladded Ni60–Ti3SiC2 coatings

Microstructure and friction–wear performances of laser cladded Ni60–Ti3SiC2 coatings

High-temperature tribological properties of coatings repaired by laser additive manufacturing on railway wheel tread damage

Heavy-duty train wheels can easily cause local damage. Laser additive manufacturing technology has obvious advantages in repairing local damage to train wheels. The high temperature sliding condition caused by tread braking is a severe test for the coating of damaged wheels repaired by laser additive. In this study, three self-fluxing alloy powders, Fe-, Ni-, and Co-based, which are the most widely used in laser cladding, were selected as repair materials. The sliding friction wear performance at high temperatures was evaluated with an HT-1000 ball-disk wear tester, and the wear mechanisms of the repair area, substrate, and counterpart surfaces of the specimens were analyzed. The results show that the microstructure of the coating after the surface damage of the wheel is repaired by laser additive is mainly composed of dendritic structure and eutectic structure. Compared with the base material, the hardness of Fe-, Ni-, and Co-based alloy cladding coatings is significantly improved. At the same time, the wear resistance of the repaired wheel steel samples was improved to different degrees. The wear mechanism of the repaired area of the Fe-based alloy sample is mainly adhesive wear, and the wear mechanism of the repaired area of the Ni-based alloy sample is adhesive wear and oxidation wear. However, the surface of the wear scar of the Co-based alloy repaired sample is relatively smooth, the damage is slight, and the friction reduction effect is the best.

Study on the Influence of Friction and Wear Properties of High-Speed Rail Brake Materials under Humidity Environment and Temperature Conditions

A multi-functional friction and wear testing machine was used to test the pin disk wear of high-speed railway brake friction material under different disk temperatures (20 °C, 100 °C, and 200 °C) and different ambient humidities (55%, 95%). The test results show that the change in the disk temperature and different ambient humidities have significant effects on the frictional wear performance of the high-speed railway brake material. Under the conditions of 20 °C, 100 °C and 200 °C, the instantaneous friction coefficient and wear rate of the brake material decreased as the ambient humidity increased. The different ambient humidity caused severe surface damage to the brake materials, but the damage mechanisms were dramatically different. At constant temperature, the higher the ambient humidity, the lower the maximum equilibrium temperature of the disc.

Effect of Ti2SnC mass fraction on microstructure and friction–wear performance of laser cladded Ni–WC coatings under WS2 lubrication condition

Ni–WC coatings with the different Ti2SnC mass fractions were prepared on the substrate of S136 steel by laser cladding (LC), in which the metallurgical bonding was formed at the coating interfaces. The microstructure and phases of obtained coatings were analyzed using a super depth of field microscope (SDFM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. The effect of Ti2SnC mass fraction on the microstructure and tribological properties of Ni–WC coating were investigated using a ball-on-disc wear tester, and the wear model was also established to analyze the role of Ti2SnC phase in the friction process. The results show that the Ni–WC–8%Ti2SnC coating has the lowest coefficient of friction (COF) and wear rate among the three kinds of coating, and the wear mechanism is abrasive wear, which is contributed to the friction reduction and wear resistance roles of Ti2SnC phase. Furthermore, the COF and wear rate of Ni–WC coating can be reduced by the addition of appropriate Ti2SnC mass fraction, which may provide the reference for the friction and wear of Ti2SnC MAX phase in the coating field.

Effect of Ultrasonic Vibration Frequency on Ni-Based Alloy Cladding Layer

In order to maximize the performance of the nickel-based cladding layer without adding a reinforcing phase, ultrasonic vibrations of different frequencies are assisted in the laser cladding process. The morphology of the cladding layer was analyzed by a metallographic microscope, the microstructure of the cladding layer was analyzed by SEM, the element segregation of the cladding layer was analyzed by EDS energy spectrum, and the microhardness of the cladding layer was tested by a microhardness tester. Hardness and friction-wear performance of the cladding layer were tested using a friction and wear tester. The test results show that the appropriate ultrasonic frequency can obviously refine the microstructure of the cladding layer, the hardness and wear resistance of the cladding layer have been significantly improved due to the refinement of the structure, and it has a good fine grain for the cladding layer. The strengthening effect maximizes the performance of the cladding layer.

The formation of gradient nanostructured medium carbon steel via mild, moderate, and severe ultrasonic nanocrystal surface modification options: Assessment on wear and friction performance

In this study, the effect of UNSM applied under different static loads on the microstructure and friction-wear performance were detected. A significant correlation was noticed between the increase of the static load and nanocrystalline layer thickness. Both nanocrystallization layer and deformation depth increased significantly after UNSM. The grain size was measured under 500 nm for M series and 100 nm for O and S series of UNSM static loads. Surface integrity improved remarkably after mild (M) and moderate (O) UNSM (Ra values are 0.25 µm and 0.7 µm, respectively). The roughness was achieved approximately under 1 µm for M and O types and 2 µm for S types of operations. A 65% increase in hardness emerged by severe UNSM with a surface hardness of approximately 375–430 HV. UNSM demonstrated remarkable results on friction-wear performance by providing higher microhardness and residual compressive stress improvements with lower surface roughness.

Effect of WC Mass Fraction on Friction-Wear Performance of Laser-Cladded Stellite-21-WC Coatings at High Temperature

Effect of WC Mass Fraction on Friction-Wear Performance of Laser-Cladded Stellite-21-WC Coatings at High Temperature

Effect of different coatings on friction wear performance and corrosion resistance of 40Cr steel

Effect of different coatings on friction wear performance and corrosion resistance of 40Cr steel

Effects of Nano TiC on the Microhardness and Friction Properties of Laser Powder Bed Fusing Printed M2 High Speed Steel

In this work, TiC/M2 high speed steel metal matrix composites (MMCs) were prepared using the ball milling method and laser powder bed fusing process. By controlling the TiC content in TiC/M2HSS, the grain size, phase composition, and frictional wear properties of the samples were enhanced. The results showed that when TiC/M2HSS was supplemented with 1% TiC, the surface microhardness of the samples increased to a maximum value and the wear volume decreased by approximately 39%, compared to pure M2HSS. The hardness and friction wear properties of the TiC/M2HSS composites showed a decreasing trend as the TiC content increased, owing to an increase in internal defects in the samples, as a result of excess TiC addition. The physical phases of the TiC/M2HSS MMC samples prepared by LPBF were dominated by the BCC phase, with some residual FCC phases and carbide phases. This work explored the possibility of enhancing the frictional wear performance of TiC/M2HSS samples by controlling the TiC content.

The use of NiAl Coating Deposited by ESD Against the Wear of Sliding Wire in GMAW Contact Tips

The wear during the sliding of wire in GMA welds causes the contact tips to be replaced after a certain number of hours of service. In order to reduce the wear, GMAW weld contact tips were coated by NiAl using ESD (Electro Spark Deposition) with 60V and 500 Hz under Argon. The testing of contact tips were done on robotic GMAW stations and standard metallographic techniques and SEM microscopy were used to reveal the microstructure. The results indicate that the service life of contact tips can be extended as much as 50 % compared to uncoated contact tips in concern via the use of W and NiAl coating, affecting the wire friction wear performance during high temperature welding process