Frictional Resistance Research Articles

Effects of different interlayer bonding modes on the microstructure and properties of laser cladded In625

In this study, the effects of five different interlayer bonding modes on the microstructure, mechanical properties, friction, and wear resistance of In625 laser cladding were investigated. XRD, EDS, tensile, hardness, friction and wear tests were conducted. XRD analysis results have revealed that Nb6C5 was detected in rectangular ring mode and the long, wide and rectangular ring overlay mode, indicating that the rectangular ring mode may promote the formation of secondary phase. EDS analysis has indicated a slightly higher Nb content in the rectangular ring mode, while the long and wide direction overlay mode exhibited a more uniform grain distribution and smaller grain size. Tensile tests revealed ductile fractures in the long direction, wide direction, the long and wide direction overlay modes, while the rectangle ring mode and the long, wide, and rectangular ring overlay modes showed brittle fractures. The long and wide direction overlay mode had the highest average elongation (35.46 %), and the long, wide, and rectangular ring overlay mode had the highest tensile strength (957.13 MPa). Hardness test results showed that the rectangle ring mode had the highest hardness (325.1 HV (0.2)). Friction and wear tests indicated that the long and wide direction overlay mode exhibited the smallest wear volume (0.08899 mm3) and the best overall friction performance. These findings indicate that the properties of the cladding layer can be effectively tailored by selecting appropriate interlayer bonding modes to match the specific material requirements in distinct application scenarios.

Bearing Characteristics of Screw-Groove Piles: Model Test and Numerical Analysis.

Screw-groove piles, a new type of precast pile, are economically and environmentally friendly and improve the load-bearing performance of piles through a unique screw-groove structure. To reveal the load-transfer characteristics and bearing mechanism of the screw-groove pile, the axial force, load-settlement curve, skin friction, bearing capacity, and response characteristics of the foundation for piles under vertical loading were analyzed. Furthermore, a parameter analysis of the ultimate bearing capacity and material utilization of screw-groove piles was performed using the finite element method. The results demonstrate that the screw-groove pile had an ultimate bearing capacity 1.85 times higher than that of the circular pile, and its material utilization rate was 2.85 times higher. The screw-groove surface end resistance and pile-tip resistance formed a multipoint vertical bearing mode. It efficiently utilized the soil's shear strength and mobilized a larger volume of surrounding soil to share the load. The screw-groove structure increased the pile-soil interaction surface, thereby increasing the skin friction resistance of the pile. Additionally, increasing the inner radius of the screw groove boosts the pile's bearing capacity but may reduce material utilization. An optimal screw-groove spacing balances both factors, while excessive groove thickness lowers material use. The pile shows high sensitivity to soil parameters.

Bearing capacity of constrained grouting expansion bored pile based on CPTU and expansion tests

Bored Pile of Constrained Grouting Expansion (BPCGE) is a new type of pile that combines grouting, compression, and expansion technologies. However, there is still insufficient understanding of its bearing characteristics and strength degradation, especially when the surrounding mass is located in soft cohesive soil layers. To address the issues mentioned above, analysis of bearing capacity and strength assessment of BPCGE based on piezocone penetration test (CPTU) and expansion tests are taken into account. Firstly, based on the similarity between the pile prototypes and models, constrained grouting expansion tests are conducted to study the borehole expansion and soil consolidation effects, and analyze the influence on effective stress of soil around the pile and stress relaxation characteristics of cohesive soil. Secondly, CPTU tests and numerical simulations were carried out to investigate the size effect of BPCGE, and a conversion relationship between lateral friction resistance of pile and CPTU friction resistance was established. Finally, the ultimate bearing capacity of BPCGE is proposed. In an application of a high-rise residential project, the calculation method based on CPTU data can effectively predict the ultimate bearing capacity of BPCGE, saving 262 ordinary piles.

Study on the lubrication behavior of tannic acid/ poly (vinyl alcohol) hydrogel enhanced by protein adsorption for articular cartilage applications

Poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA)-based hydrogels are widely regarded as ideal cartilage replacement materials because of their excellent properties. However, they have drawbacks such as high coefficient of friction (COF) and insufficient wear resistance. As important components of the synovial fluid, proteins are involved in counter-pairs and effect their tribological behavior via denaturation. Tannic acid (TA), which is rich in hydroxyl groups, can bind strongly proteins and change their conformation. In this study, the structure and lubrication performance of TA/PVA hydrogels in phosphate buffer saline (PBS) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) solutions were investigated. The results indicated that TA molecules enhanced the stiffness of the hydrogel by forming hydrogen bonds with PVA, reducing its COF in the PBS solution. In BSA solution, the tribological behavior of the PT hydrogels is altered by the BSA adsorbed at the hydrogel interface owing to the addition of TA. The COF of the PVA hydrogels with a TA content of 0.5 wt% is as low as 0.045, which was approximately 2.67 times lower than that of the PVA hydrogel under the same conditions. The benzene rings and hydroxyl groups in TA were connected to BSA molecules through hydrogen bonding, inducing a conformational change in the BSA from an α-helix structure to β-sheet structure, which further improves the lubricating properties of the hydrogel.

Multi-Response Optimisation of Wear Behaviour of Epoxy Composites Reinforced with Metallic and Ceramic Particles Using Taguchi-Grey Method

In this work, a multi-response optimization technique has been used to optimize the process parameters considered while conducting the wear tests of fabricated particle-reinforced epoxy composites. The paper signifies the effect of CaSiO3 and WS2 particles reinforced epoxy composite’s performance at different filler wt.% (2 wt.% CaSiO3 and 1, 2.5, 4, 5.5 and 7 wt.% WS2), load (30-70 N), and sliding distance (400-2000 m) parameters that are considered while conducting friction and wear tests. Experiments were conducted on a pin-on-disc configuration using an L25 OA through Taguchi's design of experiment for a constant time of 15 min. The results showed that the inclusion of particles improved the material's friction and wear resistance. The optimal combination of parameters was obtained with Taguchi-GRA followed by determining the most influencing factor using the ANOVA tool. The ANOVA tool calculates the percentage contribution of the process parameters. The wear behaviour was optimized to achieve the lowest coefficient of friction and specific wear rate. At a sliding distance of 2000 m and 15 min testing duration, the combination of parameters that yields the best result is a filler content of 2 wt. % CaSiO3 and 5.5 wt. % WS2, along with a load of 70 N. The ANOVA results reveal that the load with a percentage contribution of 50.87% is the most significant parameter followed by filler content (15.63%) and sliding distance (13.55%). A confirmation test is carried out using the optimal control parameters to validate the experimental results. Additionally, the SEM was used to analyse the worn surfaces of epoxy composites. The SEM images reveal the adhesive and abrasive wear mechanism is most prevalent in the observed material.

Experimental and numerical investigations on the bond-slip behavior of the interface between geopolymer concrete and steel tube

This study conducts push-out tests on eight geopolymer concrete filled steel tube column specimens with varying design parameters to evaluate the effects of steel tube wall thickness, concrete strength, and the presence of welded longitudinal ribs on the bond-slip performance at the interface between geopolymer concrete and steel tube. The study analyzes the influence mechanism of chemical bonding force, mechanical bite force, and friction resistance on bond strength and a three-stage bond-slip constitutive relationship is established. The results indicate that steel tube strain increases with height, with significant strain observed at the welding structure and the fixed end of the steel tube. The length-to-diameter ratio, diameter-to-thickness ratio, concrete strength, and construction measures of the steel tube are identified as key factors in enhancing interfacial bonding performance. The presence of welded longitudinal ribs on the inner wall of the steel tube significantly improves the interface bonding. The calculated bond strength ratios, compared with the test results, fall within an 11% margin, demonstrating good agreement.

An Untethered Soft-Swallowing Robot with Enhanced Heat Resistance, Damage Tolerance, and Impact Mitigation

Soft robotics focuses on addressing the locomotion problem in unstructured environments and the manipulation problem of non-cooperative objects, which inevitably leads to soft robots encountering multiple uncertainties and damages. Therefore, improving the robustness of soft robots in hostile environmental conditions has always been a challenge. Existing methods usually improve this robustness through damage isolation, material elasticity, and self-healing mechanisms. In contrast to existing methods, this paper proposes a method to improve the robustness of an untethered soft-swallowing robot based on the physical properties of fluids, such as the high specific heat capacity of water, the viscosity of soft glue, and the shear thickening of non-Newtonian fluids. Based on this method, we developed a soft-swallowing robot with enhanced heat resistance, damage tolerance, and impact mitigation capability by only replacing its fluid working medium. Experiments show that the developed soft-swallowing robot can withstand high temperatures above 600 °C, maintain high performance even after enduring hundreds of damages, and protect grasped object from more than 90% of external impacts. This principle extends beyond the three fluids used in this study. Other fluids, such as magnetic fluid, can increase adhesion to metal materials, whereas oily fluids can reduce frictional resistance between soft structures. Additionally, other solid materials with elasticity and compliance can serve as alternative working mediums for the soft-swallowing robot. This work contributes an effective method for fluid-dependent soft robotic systems to resist the damage from uncertain factors in harsh environments.

Numerical analysis and experimental study of two-phase flow pattern and pressure drop characteristics in internally microfin tubes

Microfin tubes with internal structures exhibit superior thermo-hydraulic performance, making them indispensable in systems such as air conditioning, chemical industry, and heat pumps. Despite their widespread application, research on microfin tubes has predominantly concentrated on single-phase flows. The heat transfer coefficient of phase change heat transfer is much higher than that of single-phase heat transfer. The higher heat transfer coefficient enables micro finned tubes using phase change heat transfer to significantly improve heat transfer efficiency while reducing equipment size. The understanding of gas-liquid two-phase flow characteristics is crucial for heat and mass transfer rates and pressure drop. This study examines the two-phase flow patterns and pressure drop characteristics within microfin tubes, considering variables such as two-phase Reynolds number (200≤Re ≤ 600), gas void fraction (0.3≤ζ ≤ 0.55), tube inner diameter (2.5≤d ≤ 5 mm), helix angle (0°≤β ≤ 36°), and microfin count (20≤Ns ≤ 60) through both experimental and numerical approaches. The findings reveal that the inlet Reynolds number and microfin count exert negligible effects on bubble dimensions and morphology. As the gas void fraction and helix angle increase, the gas-liquid interfacial profiles become more symmetric. The influence of changes in bubble length and gas void fraction on bubble velocity can be ignored. When the helix angle is 18°, friction resistance factor in the liquid column region is the minimum of 0.04. The friction resistance factor in the liquid column region decreases with the increase of two-phase Reynolds number and microfin count, and decreases with the decrease of gas void fraction and tube inner diameter.

Axial Load Test Procedure of Short Bored Pile Foundation Model in the Field for Tip Support Bearing Study

Axial load testing on short drilled pile foundation models in the field requires several criteria to be met, including: depth of the tip support layer, adjustments to the capacity and arrangement of the test equipment so that it can still refer to the testing standards. In order for the axial working load on the foundation model to be carried only by the toe bearing resistance, the frictional resistance of the blanket is eliminated through lubrication with liquid silicone. The toe bearing resistance is mobilized at large deformations from 18%d to 30%d. The load test tip bearing resistance value is only about half of the empirically calculated tip bearing resistance.

Vertical bearing behavior and pile group effect for cemented-soil composite pile groups based on on-site experiments

Bearing characteristics and interactions of a pile group are complex. and there is almost no on-site full-scale test data for cemented-soil composite pile group. In this research, vertical static load tests were conducted on two isolated pile, two-pile group and six-pile group for long-core SDCM pile. The bearing behavior of long-core SDCM pile and the interaction between pile groups have been studied. The results indicate that the long-core SDCM single pile is a typical friction type pile, and cemented soil provides most of the lateral friction resistance for the bearing capacity. In pile groups, pile spacing is the main factor affecting the pile group effect. The model calculation results based on the equivalent pier method are verified using on-site test data and the key parameters in the pile group for long-core SDCM pile including pile spacing Sij, cemented soil Elastic modulus Ec and PHC pipe pile Elastic modulus Ep are analyzed using a mathematical model. Parameter analysis results indicate that the pile group interaction for long-core SDCM pile is mainly reflected in settlement. Group effect is inapparent at pile spacing greater than 4 D. The appropriate value of Ec and Ep are taken in the range of 1.2–1.6 GPa and 30–40 GPa.

Characterisation, comparison of surface topography and frictional resistance of zinc oxide- tin oxide nanocoated ceramic orthodontic brackets by radio frequency magnetron sputter coating method: An in vitro study

In recent years, orthodontic research has witnessed significant progress as it ventures into the exploration of nanoparticle coating to augment the surface properties of orthodontic appliances. The present study aimed to evaluate the surface characteristics, surface topography and frictional resistance (FR) of ceramic brackets (CB) nanocoated with zinc oxide- tin oxide (ZnO-SnO) by radio frequency magnetron sputter coating method.26 polycrystalline maxillary canine CB, split into two groups, were used in the current in vitro investigation. Group A of the RF magnetron sputter coating method was used to coat ZnO-SnO nanoparticles (Nps) on brackets, while group B of the process used uncoated brackets. Following coating, brackets underwent EDAX and SEM imaging. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to assess the surface topography, and frictional resistance (FR) was also examined. An analysis of the data was conducted using SPSS (Version 23.0). An independent parametric t-test was used to compare the results between the groups.Brackets coated by RF sputter coating method had a porous and aggregated morphology when viewed under SEM. EDAX spectroscopy images showed uncoated brackets presented aluminium, oxygen, silica and calcium signal peaks at 60.83 wt %, 13.43 wt %, 24.57 wt % and 1.17 wt % respectively while the coated brackets showed signal peaks of zinc, oxygen, silica and tin at signal peaks of 20.98 wt %, 54.85 wt %, 10.52 wt % and 13.65 wt %. Groups A and B showed a surface roughness (SR) of 180.62 ± 9.49 nm and 316.77 ± 14.10. A statistically significant difference was observed in the SR between the 2 groups (p=0.00). The mean FR were higher for uncoated brackets (8.18 ± 0.76) p=0.00.Zn-SnO2 Nps were effectively coated onto ceramic brackets through the RF magnetron sputter coating technique. In comparison to uncoated brackets, the coated brackets exhibited a lower FR and SR.

Model Test on Thermomechanical Behavior of Deeply Buried Pipe Energy Pile Under Different Temperature Loads and Mechanical Loads

Deeply buried pipe energy pile (DBP-EP) offers the capability to harness geothermal energy from significantly deeper subterranean layers than those available inside buried pipe energy pile (IBP-EP). Despite its potential, there is a notable scarcity of research on the thermomechanical behavior of DBP-EP. This study meticulously observed the thermal variations in the soil surrounding the DBP-EP, the mechanical response of the pile itself, the earth pressure at the pile toe, and the displacement occurring at the pile’s top during the heating phase across various operational conditions. The findings show that for every 1 °C increase in inlet temperature, the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet increases by about 0.27 °C. The method of load application at the pile top during heating markedly influences the frictional resistance along the pile’s sides. Furthermore, When the pile top load rises from 0.26 kN to 0.78 kN, the observed vertical load at the pile foot decreases by 2.2–8.51%. This indicates that the increase in the pile top load reduces the downdrag effect on the sandy soil near the pile toe. This reduction subsequently diminishes the impact of vertical loads on the pile toe. Notably, after continuous operation for 8 h, the rate of increase in pile top displacement for DBP-EP shows a decline. Additionally, for every 1 °C rise in the inlet water temperature, the final displacement at the pile top diminishes by approximately 0.03‰D. This research endeavors to furnish a robust theoretical foundation for the structural design and practical engineering applications for DBP-EP.

Performance augmentation of fiber reinforced concrete through in situ mineralization of polycrystalline calcium carbonate on fiber surfaces

Enhancing the performance of fiber-reinforced concrete through the meticulous regulation of interfacial microstructure and interaction mode stands as a pivotal area of research. Notably, there are significant differences in the microstructure of several polycrystalline forms of calcium carbonate, which can profoundly influence the interaction behavior between them and the matrix. However, the tailored modulation of calcium carbonate polymorphism for the purpose of fiber surface modification remains unreported. In this paper, polycrystalline mineralization was induced by polydopamine on the surface of polyvinyl alcohol fiber by biomimetic method, and the fiber surface was modified by calcite and aragonite. The cubic calcite and acicular aragonite minerals notably roughened the fiber surface, enhancing interfacial properties between PVA fibers and cement matrix. The damaged form of the interface changed from adhesion failure to cohesive failure. Quantitative assessment of fiber-matrix interfacial interactions via single-fiber pullout tests revealed aragonite's unique morphology and exceptional mechanical attributes yielding higher frictional resistance against pullout loads. The good bonding between calcite and the cement matrix improves the strain-hardening behavior of fiber pullout and significantly enhances energy dissipation. In addition, enhanced interfacial properties bolster composites' mechanical strength. The acicular and cubic mineralized layers increased the flexural strength of the fiber cementitious materials by 35 % and 41 %, respectively. The energy absorbed in resisting the impact of a falling ball increased by 25 % and 36 %, respectively. Analysis reveals calcite promotes hydration more significantly at comparable particle sizes, bolstering interfacial bond strength with cement, and offering superior reinforcement over aragonite for fiber matrix bridging. This research provides a theoretical basis for promoting the application of polycrystalline CaCO3 and the sustainable development of high-performance fiber-reinforced concrete.

Impact of Gas Accumulation on the Stability of Parallel Upward Ventilation in High-Temperature Sloped Shafts of Deep Wells

To explore the causes and influencing factors of wind flow oscillations in high-temperature inclined aisles of deep wells under parallel upward ventilation, this study conducts a comprehensive investigation using theoretical analysis and numerical simulations. Based on the kinetic analysis of gas flow, a discriminant formula for wind flow reversal in the side branch is derived. Further analysis identifies initial wind speed and branch length as key factors influencing the reversal. Both gas pressure and thermal pressure contribute to wind flow reversal in the side branch, and the opposing directions of these pressures cause high-temperature gas to periodically flow between the two branches, resulting in wind flow oscillations. A higher initial wind speed can effectively reduce the oscillation amplitude due to increased initial kinetic energy and a larger pressure difference, but it does not extend the oscillation duration. Increasing the branch length can suppress wind flow oscillations by increasing airflow frictional resistance and damping.

Effect of a perforation on the flow characteristics of corrugated wall

The flow characteristics on a corrugated wall and the variations caused by a perforation are investigated experimentally based on two-dimensional particle image velocimetry (PIV), and the passive control mechanism of the perforation on the corrugated wall is studied. The corrugated wall has an amplitude-to-wavelength ratio 2a/λ = 0.1, with the wavelength Reynolds number Reλ = 14400 and bulk Reynolds number Reb = 17500. The perforation is located on the eleventh cycle of the corrugated wall. The results show that perforation increases the area of the recirculation zone, reduces the effect of frictional resistance, weakens the turbulence intensity and the Reynolds normal stress on the corrugated wall, but enhances the Reynolds shear stress. The POD and the Finite-Time Lyapunov Exponent(FTLE) are used to analyze the vortex structures. From the FTLE result, it can be seen that the perforation disturbs the original shear layer and redistributes the vortex structure of the flow field. The instantaneous fluctuating flow field of the first 50 % and the last 50 % of the energy content after POD mode decomposition is reconstructed to study the effect of perforation on on large and small scale structures in the flow field. It is found that the impact of perforation on small-scale structures is greater than that on large-scale structures.

An evaluation and comparison of frictional resistance, surface roughness, and microbial colonization of silver-coated and uncoated stainless steel archwires – An in vivo study

Objectives: When undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment, white spot lesions and caries are frequently observed. The silver coating on brackets, archwires, and bands can help prevent these conditions. However, this might have an impact on friction and the oral environment, which would then impact the movement of the teeth. Thus, this study was taken up to evaluate and compare the frictional resistance, surface roughness, and microbial colonization of silver-coated and uncoated stainless steel archwire. Material and Methods: The investigation contained sixty samples, with 30 samples in each sub-group. Group 1 included 30 samples of 0.019 × 0.025” stainless steel wires coated in silver nanoparticles and Group 2 included 30 uncoated 0.019 × 0.025” stainless steel wires. A thermal vacuum evaporation technique was used to coat the wire with a 10 nm layer of coating. After placing the wire for 6 weeks in the oral cavity, it was retrieved and evaluated for frictional resistance, surface roughness, and microbial colonization. Results: After comparing the friction across the groups, the results did not show statistically significant differences. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the surface roughness of wires coated in silver was lesser compared to the wire’s uncoated segment. As for the microbial colonization, Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus showed reduced growth in the silver-coated portion. Conclusion: It can be concluded that silver coating does not alter the frictional properties of the wire. In the archwire’s silver-coated part, the surface roughness was lower. The silver coating showed significant anti-bacterial activity.

Comprehensive evaluation of the antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of NiTi orthodontic wires coated with silver nanoparticles and nanocomposites: an in vitro study.

Fixed orthodontic appliances act as a niche for microbial growth and colonization. Coating orthodontic wires with antimicrobial silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and nanocomposite was adopted in this study to augment the biological activity of these wires by increasing their antibacterial and antibiofilm properties and inhibiting bacterial infections that cause white spot lesions and lead to periodontal disease. Three concentrations of biologically synthesized AgNPs were used for coating NiTi wires. The shape, size, and charge of the AgNPs were determined. Six groups of 0.016 × 0.022-inch NiTi orthodontic wires, each with six wires, were used; and coated with AgNPs and nanocomposites. The antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities of these coated wires were tested against normal flora and multidrug-resistant bacteria (Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial isolates). The surface topography, roughness, elemental percentile, and ion release were characterized. AgNPs and nanocomposite coated NiTi wires showed significant antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities. The chitosan-silver nanocomposite (CS-Ag) coated wires had the greatest bacterial growth inhibition against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The surface roughness of the coated wires was significantly reduced, impacting the surface topography and with recorded low Ni and Ag ion release rates. NiTi orthodontic wires coated with AgNPs, and nanocomposites have shown increased antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities, with decreased surface roughness, friction resistance and limited- metal ion release.

Heat treatment effect on the carbides in T-15 and M-4 steels

ABSTRACT In the present work, the effect of heat treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of T-15 and M-4 high-speed steels was investigated. These steels were produced by powder metallurgy. Due to their frictional wear resistance properties, T-15 and M-4 high-speed steels are widely used in the cutting tool manufacture of the metalworking industry. A heat treatment was applied to both steels, heating them to 1250°C, then air quenching and, finally tempering at 550°C for 2 h, 3 times (triple tempering at 550°C). Steels were characterized by hardness test, metallographic analysis, tensile strength test, and fracture analysis after the heat treatment. Results were compared and related to the metallurgical microstructure, mainly to the distribution of carbides, and also to fracture type and characteristics. Test results and chemical analysis showed important differences between T-15 and M-4 steels.

Achieving superior wear and corrosion resistance in FeCoNiCrNC films via nitrogen and carbon dual anions incorporation

Developing film materials thatcombine toughness, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance is a major challenge in the field of surface protection. Doping non-metallic elements such as nitrogen and carbon into high-entropy alloy films is expected to improve their overall performance. In this study, we successfully prepared nitrogen and carbon co-doped FeCoNiCrNCx high-entropy composite films using reactive magnetron sputtering. We systematically investigated the effects of different carbon concentrations on the structure, mechanical properties, friction, and corrosion resistance of the films. The results show that compared to carbon-free films, FeCoNiCrNCx high-entropy composite films with low carbon content (1.2 at.%) have remarkable characteristics, including high hardness (15.1 GPa), good toughness, excellent wear resistance (2.19 × 10-7 mm3N-1m−1), and corrosion resistance. As the carbon content increasing further, the precipitation of the amorphous carbon phase decreases hardness and toughness, reducing wear and corrosion resistance. The exceptional wear and corrosion resistance of low-carbon films make them highly promising for marine equipment protection and similar applications.

Study on resistance performance of hexagonal hull form with variation of angle of attack, deadrise, and stern for flat-sided catamaran vessel

Abstract The flat-sided hull vessel was designed with the purpose of simplifying hull production by eliminating the requirement for fairing, bending, and assembly of curved panel lines. Nevertheless, implementing the flat hull concept may marginally increase the hull resistance. The objective of the study is to investigate the impact of the hexagonal hull concept on resistance characteristics when altering the deadrise angle, angle of attack, and stern angle. Additionally, the resistance performances of the proposed hexagonal hulls were compared to evaluate the influence of the hull design geometry parameter. The contribution of this work is to identify the configuration of the design parameters to achieve an ideal level of resistance in a hexagonal catamaran hull design. The findings indicate that a greater angle of attack could potentially enhance wave generation and increase the resistance. Despite the increase in the wave resistance coefficient caused by the increment in deadrise angle, the overall resistance was reduced due to the significant reduction in wetted surface area resulting from the greater deadrise angle. As a result, the decrease in friction resistance was more pronounced than the increase in wave resistance. At last, the stern angle can cause a substantial oscillation in the curved line, resulting in a large increase in wave generation and overall resistance, particularly at high speeds.