Based on the properties of mechanical materials, the friction noise experiment is conducted on the E-glass-reinforced nylon 6 composite gears in this paper. In the test, by combining the friction testing machine with the noise processing software DASP, the vibration noise signals of the composite gear samples with and without self-healing microcapsules at different friction temperatures were picked. Then the influence the self-healing microcapsules have on the friction noise performance of the composite gear material was analyzed by comparing the obtained signals. The results show that the noise of composite gears with self-healing microcapsules is lower than that of gears without self-healing microcapsules at both different temperatures and different frequencies, which means that the self-healing microcapsules reduce the friction noise of the composite gears.