Fresh Fish Research Articles

Determination of 40K, 238U and 232Th Activity Levels in Fishes from River Kubanni in Nigeria

Radionuclides exist naturally in the water, soil and air and human activities can increase the concentration of background radiation and redistribution of radioactive isotopes in the environment. In this study, the radioactivity concentration of three radionuclides (40K, 232Th and 238U) was measured in three fish species, Oreochromis niloticus (Tilapia), Brycinus leuciscus (Kawara), Brienomyrus longianails and Clarias anguilaris (catfish) in river Zaria (Kubanni). The results showed that 40K and 232Th concentrations were high in Brienomyrus longianails with mean activities of 357.26 and 92.282 Bq/Kg, respectively. While the concentration of 226Ra was found high in Clarias anguilaris (56.129 Bq/Kg). The mean committed dose for both adults and children were 0.00214 and 0.00342 µSv/Yr, respectively. The values of three radionuclides obtained in this study are lower than the maximum permissible level of 1.0 mSv/yr recommended by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) as the total annual effective dose for the public. The obtained results show that the radiation dose acquired from the consumption of fresh fish from the river Kubanni will have no significant health effect on the populace.

Studies on Morphological Effect of Some Pesticides on Fresh Water Fish, Labeo rohita in Sai River of Jaunpur District, Uttar Pradesh, India

Pesticides are one of the potentially harmful toxic chemicals introduced into the aquatic environment. Fish serve as important bio-indicators for aquatic life. Widely used pesticides formulation two investigate possible chemical biological and toxicological effects of pesticides that may enter into our eco-system. Effects of pesticides (herbicides insecticides, rodenticides and fungicides) to loss protein content of the liver gill and intestinal tissue of the fresh water fish, Labeorohita.The Recent study is aimed two assess the toxicological impacts of treated and untreated effluents on aquatic fresh water fish, Labeo rohita. The Most common edible fish having diverse characters includes difference in morphology, food and feeding etc. Symptoms were nearly identical on various host spp (Labeo rohita. with respect to behaviour of the infected fish. The toxicity of pesticides to an organism is usualy expressed in terms of the LD50 (lethal dose 50 percent) and LC50 (50 percent lethal concentration) observed the behavioural studies of exposed to Labeorohita. Therefore, the protection and prevention of aquatic ecosystem will be possible only with the appropriate and rationalized application of pesticides.

An ammonia-sensitive fluorescence sensor based on polyvinyl alcohol-graphene quantum dots/halloysite nanotubes hybrid film for monitoring fish freshness

A fluorescent hybrid film composed of nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots (N-GQDs) loaded on halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) (N-GQDs/HNTs nanocomposite) as a sensitive element and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as a film-forming matrix was designed for freshness detection. The PVA-N-GQDs/HNTs hybrid film exhibited significantly enhanced fluorescence attributed to the loading of N-GQDs onto the surface of HNTs through electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonding, effectively reducing their aggregation. The fluorescence of the hybrid film could be quenched by ammonia via photoinduced electron transfer (PET), with good linearity in the range of 20 ppm to 500 ppm ammonia and a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.63 ppm. In addition, the hybrid film was applied to monitor the freshness of seawater fish and freshwater fish stored at refrigeration and room temperature to evaluate the practicality of this approach. The developed hybrid film showed promise for nondestructive and on-site monitoring of fish spoilage.

What Do We Know about the Diets of Pacific Islander Adults in Papua New Guinea? A Scoping Review.

While a large proportion of the population in Papua New Guinea (PNG) maintain a subsistence lifestyle, exposure to modernisation and industrialisation since European contact has influenced a transition towards Western diets. This review aimed to scope and summarise the published research on dietary intake among Pacific Islander adults in PNG. Four electronic databases and grey literature were searched. Two reviewers completed the screening and data extraction. Fourteen studies were included from the Highlands (n = 7), Southern (n = 5), Momase (n = 1) and both the Highlands/Southern region (n = 1). No studies were from the Islands region. The majority of the studies were published prior to the year 2000 (n = 9). Geographical region and degree of urbanisation had an impact on dietary intake. Urban areas reported higher intakes of energy, protein and fat compared to rural areas. In the Southern region, a variety of foods, including sago, taro, kaukau, cooked banana, coconut and cassava contributed to energy intake, while kaukau was the main energy and protein source in the Highlands. The main foods contributing to protein in the Southern region were fresh fish, land animals and purchased animals. This review highlights an evidence gap regarding dietary intake research. Within the context of international initiatives, there is an urgent call for research aimed at understanding the social and cultural contextualisation of dietary behaviours in PNG.

Development of a comprehensive classification model for determining the storage day of frigate tuna (Auxis thazard) for freshness evaluation using a portable electronic nose

SummaryEnsuring the freshness of fish is essential to guaranteeing safer products for consumers. A classification model was developed using the PEN3 electronic nose to predict fish freshness with its storage day. Frigate tuna (Auxis thazard) was used for odour sampling along with the total volatile base nitrogen (TVB‐N), at 4 °C for 14 days every other day. Random forest and support vector machine (SVM) were performed to develop freshness classification models based on PEN3 data and 100% and 99.8% accuracies were obtained, respectively, in distinguishing the eight storage day classes. The PEN3 sensors including W2S, W1S, W1W, W3S, and W6S were identified as key sensors for fish freshness. TVB‐N analysis advances the freshness prediction of e‐nose and three freshness levels were identified as ‘Fresh’, applicable from the 0th to the 6th day; ‘Moderately fresh’, lasting from the 7th to the 9th day; and ‘Unsuitable for consumption’, applicable from the 10th day onwards.

Differentiation between fresh and frozen-thawed mackerel fish using low-cost portable near infrared spectrometry devices

Mislabelling frozen-thawed fish fillets as fresh is one of the most important fraudulent practices during commercialisation. This study aimed to determine the ability of two portable miniaturised low-cost near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR) devices intended for consumers to discriminate between fresh and thawed mackerel (submitted to one or two frozen-thawed cycles) and between different freezing systems. The effect of different fish seasonal characteristics on the performance of the model was also evaluated. The low-cost NIR devices were able to discriminate between fresh and thawed samples with a classification rate of 90.3% and 94.1% and the freezing system to which they were submitted with a classification rate of 91.2% and 89.7%. These findings suggest that low-cost portable NIR spectroscopy can be a valuable tool for detecting mislabeled frozen-thawed products sold as fresh, providing consumers with a rapid and affordable method for fraud detection.

Electrochemical xanthine biosensor based on carbon nanofiber and ferrocene carboxylic acid for the assessment of fish freshness

Electrochemical xanthine biosensor based on carbon nanofiber and ferrocene carboxylic acid for the assessment of fish freshness

Bacteriological Analyses of Fish Mucus from Fish Market with Reference to Consumer’s Health

A study was conducted to evaluate the bacteria load present in fish mucus collected from Nanpura wholesale fish market during the period from 30th December 2022 to 20th February 2023. Total 20 fish mucus samples were determined by Total Plate Count (TPC) and identification of bacteria. High bacterial load with pathogens such as Escherichia coli (Gram negative bacteria) and Staphylococcus aureus (Gram positive bacteria) were found in all fresh and marine fish samples from study area. These pathogens can survive and multiply in fish, transferred into consumer by way of food and main source of fish poisoning, diarrhoea, meningitis and septicemia which cause health risk to consumer. The fishes were contaminated with pathogenic bacteria indicated poor handling of fishes, lack of preservation facility and unhygienic condition of study area. Thus, it is strongly recommended to improve the quality control and quality assurance systems of the study area to minimize the prevalence of pathogenic bacteria.

Selection of texture-associated biomarkers in chilled and iced grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) fillets via DIA-based proteomics

Consumers care about the texture of fresh fish flesh, but a rapid quantitative analytical method for this has not been properly established. In this study, texture-associated biomarkers were selected by DIA-based proteomics for possible future application. Results indicated a significant decline in texture and moisture characteristics with extended storage under chilled and iced conditions, and flesh quality was categorized into three intervals. A total of 8 texture-associated biomarkers were identified in the chilled storage group, and 3 distinct ones in the iced storage group. Biomarkers were further refined based on their expression levels. Isobutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase, mitochondrial and [Phosphatase 2A protein]-leucine-carboxy methyltransferase were identified as effective texture-associated biomarkers for chilled fish, and Staphylococcal nuclease domain-containing protein 1 for iced fish. This study provided suitable proteins as indicators of fresh fish flesh texture, which could help establish a rapid and convenient texture testing method in future studies.

Influence of gas adsorption on surface potential of porphyrin functionalized boron doped diamond thin films

Porphyrins functionalized diamond surfaces are interesting candidates for wide variety of applications due to their remarkable physical and chemical properties. In this work, the properties of 5-(4-carboxyphenyl) triphenyl porphyrins functionalized boron-doped diamond (BDD) surface followed by gas adsorption were studied at room temperature. After structural and morphological characterizations of the bare BDD surface and porphyrins functionalized BDD surface, a scanning Kelvin probe system was used to investigate the surface potential distribution due to the adsorption of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) under visible light illumination conditions. Gas adsorption studies showed poor response in bare BDD surfaces under different gas atmospheres. On the other hand, a significant response with discriminable gas interactions was achieved in porphyrins functionalized BDD surface under visible light illumination. The obtained results suggest that visible light has influenced gas interactions because of porphyrins. The increased response (∼ 2.5 times) of metal-free porphyrin functionalized BDD thin film towards triethylamine (TEA) is accounted to the donor nature of TEA. This study helps in developing a new generation of novel conductive type diamond-based photo enhanced gas sensors at room temperature that can be utilized for fish freshness monitoring.

Analysing multi-class pesticide residues in tilapia fish: development and validation of LC-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS methods

ABSTRACT Pesticides are an integral part of increasing food production and have remarkable agricultural benefits such as an increase in crop yield. However, they have been identified as some of the most hazardous substances in food, particularly in fish, posing a risk to both ecosystems and human health. Therefore, this study focuses on the development and optimisation of an analytical technique to detect multiple pesticide residues in fish products. The method involves liquid-liquid extraction, followed by analysis using both liquid and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. A total of 411 pesticides were selected (e.g.: insecticides, fungicides, and herbicides) and the concentrations of their residues in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) were determined. The samples were processed according to the optimised QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) method, including extraction and clean-up procedures. Lipid co-extracts were successfully minimised before instrumental analysis using optimised cleanup. Matrix-matched calibrations were performed at two different levels (0.05,0.01 mg/kg) in tilapia fish to compensate for signal enhancement/suppression. The validation procedure was performed to assess accuracy, precision, limit of quantification (LOQ), and uncertainty according to the SANTE guidelines. The LOQs of this method were 0.01 mg/kg for all selected pesticides except Cyazofamid, Dodine, Fenpyrazamine, Methomyl, Oxadiargyl, Parathion ethyl, Parathion methyl, Prothioconazole Desthio, and Tolylfluanid were 0.05 mg/kg. The suggested method was implemented to investigate the levels of pesticide residues in fresh fish samples (n = 15) procured from local markets in Egypt. Only two samples had residues of the targeted analytes. In light of our findings, the devised methodology was effectively utilised for the detecting and measurement of pesticide residues present in fish samples.

Unraveling effective modified atmosphere conditions to improve the quality of refrigerated stored dark and white muscle fish

Although MAP in fish under refrigerated storage has been investigated since 1980, there is a knowledge gap about ideal concentration gases to improve the quality of dark- or medium/high-fat muscle fish (DM) and white- or lean/low-fat muscle fish (WM). As it is essential to industrial application, this study aimed to find promising MAP conditions to maximize fresh WM and DM quality throughout refrigerated storage based on bacteriological shelf life, physicochemical, and sensory parameters. Research articles were retrieved from Science Direct, PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus without establishing a research period (n = 3840), and 148 were included in this systematic and meta-analytic review. Identifying an effective MAP treatment was impossible for WM, considering all physicochemical parameters evaluated in this study. However, promising MAP ranges for further optimization were found for WM (60–75% CO2/25–40% N2 and 40–80% CO2/10–30% N2/10–30% O2), which increased shelf life by 2–12 days, reduced lipid oxidation (LOX) by 1.50–3.00 mg malonaldehyde (MDA)/kg, maintained color (∆E difference < 1), and sensory quality. For DM, the best treatment was 60% CO2/40% N2 since it increased bacteriological and sensory shelf life by 10–11 days, reduced LOX by 2 mg MDA/kg and biogenic amines by 6.50–172.60 mg/kg, and retained color and hardness quality close to fresh fish. Nevertheless, studies should evaluate gas mixtures from 40 to 100% CO2 to 0–60% N2 (without O2) to optimize our findings further. Therefore, MAP is a fresh-keeping preservation alternative to meet the current trend for sustainable development of the fish production chain.

3D printed curcumin-based composite film for monitoring fish freshness

Curcumin/oregano oil Pickering emulsion (COPE) stabilized by pumpkin seed protein/pectin complex was prepared. COPE has excellent stability in 50 d storage period. Using COPE/ potato starch (PS)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) based gel as ink, pH-sensitive indicator film was developed by 3D printing technology. The morphology, mechanical strength, water resistance, oxidation resistance and bacteriostasis of different COPE/PS/PVA films were discussed. The nozzle size had a significant impact on the thickness of 3D printed PS/PVA membranes, with the average thickness of the membranes produced using 0.26 and 0.41 mm nozzles being about 0.12 and 0.18 mm, respectively. COPE can obviously improve the antioxidant and antibacterial performance of PS/PVA membranes. The membrane containing 5%, 7% and 10% COPE had a scavenging rate of ABTS free radicals of over 90% and an inhibitory rate of over 10% on S. aureus and E. coli. The prepared 3D printed two-color label realized the color change process of 4D printing under the stimulation of moisture and TVBN during storage of grass carp. In a word, 3D printing has great potential in online production of food indication labels with different shapes, sizes and functional characteristics, and is suitable for the manufacture of smart food packaging.

Effects of Frying, Freezing, Boiling, and Thawing Processes on Proximate, PH and Energy Values of Fresh (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Objective/Background: Oncorhynchus mykiss is the most popular type of freshwater fish consumed by Iranians. It has delicious taste and high nutritional value. The purpose of processing and preserving fish is to get it to the end consumer in a good, usable condition. Methods: This study is a descriptive study that compares and determines the analysis results of proximate, protein, and fat between fresh and processed fish using the standard method of AOAC and compares the analysis of this study with that of other studies. The effect of the processing methods’ nutritional composition is determined. In addition to fresh fish, 5 treatments are used for the 5 different methods of fish processing. Results: The fresh fish and the different processed samples were analyzed by standard AOAC methods, and their pH was measured. After analyzing the macronutrient compounds of different samples, the energy values were then calculated in kcal. The moisture content ranged from 72.50% for fresh fish to 19.50% for frozen fish, while the fat content ranged from 8.09% for fresh fish to 64.47% for frozen fish. The ash contents were found to range from 4.82% to 5.82%, while the protein contents were found to range from 10.47% to 13.59%. The results showed that quick freezing of fish preserved nutrients with a high percentage of energy. This sample was recommended for consumption, followed by samples thawed in oven and in hot water. The fried and boiled samples were in the next stages of quality and energy values. Conclusions: Because the fat content of this type of fresh fish is high, and if fish feed and its nutrition are protein materials with high biological value, it will be useful to increase the percentage of meat protein for it to grow.

Knowledge, attitudes and practices of fresh Nile perch value chain handlers towards food safety requirements in Uganda

In the continuum from ‘farm to fork’, the proficiency of food handlers in terms of knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) is essential for ensuring improved food safety outcomes. This study evaluated the KAP of fresh Nile perch fish handlers regarding food safety requirements within Uganda. A cross-sectional survey involving fish handlers (n = 466) engaged in handling fresh Nile perch and fisheries products in both local and export market chains. The study was conducted at 30 gazetted fish landing sites on Lake Victoria, 15 licensed fish export factories, and 9 local markets authorized to sell fisheries products. Data on demographic, knowledge, attitude, and practices was collected using structured questionnaire. Demographic data was analysed using frequencies and percentages. Ordinary least squares bivariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed to determine factors associated with knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding food safety requirements. Fish handlers (49.8 %) demonstrated good knowledge with the majority (74.6 %) from the export market chain. Majority (81.3 %) of market stall handlers had poor knowledge of food safety requirements. Most (68.2 %) fresh Nile perch fish handlers had limited awareness of food-borne pathogens. Only 31.8 % had knowledge about E. coli, Salmonella spp, and Staphylococcus spp. Furthermore, over 63 % believed that consuming contaminated fish could transmit HIV, Covid-19, and Ebola. Male gender, higher income, and advanced education were positively correlated with fish handlers' knowledge of food safety requirements. Fish handlers (57 %) in the local market chain exhibited poor attitudes. Being a male fish handler was significantly (β = 3.43, 95 % CI: 1.65–5.21, P = 0.001) associated with positive attitudes compared to being female. Education at different levels was significantly (Primary (β = 3.19, 95 % CI: 1.05–5.33, P = 0.004); Secondary level (β = 5.883, 95 % CI: 3.52–8.23, P = 0.001); Tertiary (β = 6.09, 95 % CI: 3.03–9.15, P = 0.001)) associated with positive attitudes compared to no education.Practices ensuring food safety were common in the factories and the export market. The study suggests the need for interventions that promote knowledge transfer and food safety culture, particularly in the local market chain.

Effect of Salt (Nacl) and Vacuum Packaging on Some of the Quality Attributes of Snakehead Fish

Snakehead fish (Chana striata) is one of the important protein sources among Indonesian people. However, the shelf life is short leading to limited use of fresh snakehead fish. This study aimed to analyse the effect of vacuum packaging and addition of salt on the sensory properties, total plate count, water activity and pH of fresh snakehead fish. The fish was salted (NaCl) at various concentrations, including 0, 5, 10 and 15%, and kept for 14 days at refrigeration temperature (± 3°C). Sensory evaluation, total plate count (TPC) and water activity (aw) measurements, and pH analysis were performed at day 0, 7 and 14. All groups with salt addition exhibited a significantly slower decrease in the mean scores (9-point hedonic scale) of color, aroma, appearance and texture (p &lt; 0.05), with the decrease for all sensory properties detected at day 7 of storage. In microbial tests, a significant increase in TPC was observed in the groups with 0% and 5% salt addition (p &lt; 0.05). The group with 15% salt addition showed the lowest water activity. Also, the group without salt addition had the highest pH value. This study demonstrated that addition of salt to snakehead fish might gives beneficial effects on the shelf life of a vacuum packaged product. However, the optimum shelf life using vacuum packaging and salt addition needs further study.

Preparation, characterization, and application of pH-responsive biodegradable intelligent indicator film based on rose anthocyanins

An intelligent pH-responsive indicator film (CA/CMC/RA) was fabricated by blending carrageenan (CA), carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), and rose anthocyanin (RA). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed the formation of hydrogen bonds between CA/CMC and RA. X-ray diffraction analysis demonstrated that the addition of RA enhanced the crystallinity of CA/CMC films. The incorporation of RA altered the microstructure of CA/CMC composite films, resulting in a roughened surface. RA improved the a*, b*, thickness, opacity, and water vapor permeability of CA/CMC/RA films. Moreover, the addition of RA increased the elongation at break, while decreasing the tensile strength. RA significantly increased the antioxidant capacity of CA/CMC films. Furthermore, CA/CMC/RA films exhibited pH-responsiveness, showcasing distinct color changes in different buffer solutions. In the application test, the CA/CMC/RA indicator film was used as a label to monitor the freshness of the ribbon fish stored at 4 °C. The results indicated that the film's color changed from pink to yellow upon spoilage. The observations were consistent with the TVB-N value, which exceeded the set limit (30 mg/100g). Hence, the novel indicator film can serve as a food freshness indicator material.

PTA/CeO2@Pt-based electrochemical sensors to detect xanthine and uric acid, and evaluate fish freshness

In the present study, we constructed an electrochemical sensor using three materials, namely, cerium dioxide (CeO2) composite platinum (Pt) and polymer 3-amino-5-mercapto-1,2,4-triazole (PTA), prepared by hydrothermal method, to detect xanthines and uric acid. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Fourier infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) were used to characterize the morphology, elemental composition, and structure of materials. The results demonstrated that the PTA/CeO2@Pt composites were prepared. The electrochemical behavior of xanthines and uric acid on PTA/CeO2@Pt composite electrodes was assessed by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulsed voltammetry (DPV). The results demonstrated that the dropping amount was 20 µL under a phosphoric acid buffer solution (pH 6). The peak current of xanthine (XA) demonstrated two good linear relationships with concentration, the linear regression equation was IXA = 0.3265CXA + 8.1967 R2 = 0.994 in the concentration range of 10–138 µmol/L, whereas it was IXA = 3.9884CXA + 51.661 R2 = 0.992 in the concentration range of 139–330 µmol/L. The detection limit was 10.36 × 10–7 M. The freshness of fish meat was evaluated, and the correlation analysis between evaluation results and results of xanthine detection in fish meat by PTA/CeO2@Pt electrochemical sensor demonstrated that r = 0.945 and P < 0.01 had a good correlation. The sensor could be used to determine the xanthine content in fish to reflect the freshness of fish, thus displaying good application prospects.

Analysis of Factors Influencing Fresh Fish Consumer Satisfaction at Supermarket X, Bandung Regency

This research is entitled Analysis of Factors Influencing Fresh Fish Consumer Satisfaction in Supermarket X, Bandung Regency. The purpose of this research was to determine what factors influence consumer satisfaction with fresh fish at Supermarket X in Bandung Regency. Supermarket X is one of the largest supermarkets in Bandung Regency, which provides basic needs products such as food ingredients for cooking including the availability of fresh fish. Data was obtained through a questionnaire distributed to 104 Supermarket X customers for 1 month, from mid-April to mid-May. The type of research used is descriptive research using a quantitative approach. To determine the value of each attribute using IPA analysis (Importance Performance Analysis), The results of this research show, in calculations using IPA (Importance Performance Analysis) the consumer satisfaction factor is divided into two, namely satisfied and disssatisfied. Satisfactory attributes are product performance, reliability, durability, conformance, price affordability, price compatibility with quality, price compatibility with benefits, tangible services, reliability, responsiveness, assurance and certainty, empathy, additional costs incurred and strategic location. While the unsatisfactory attributes, namely, the affordability of prices and the superior quality of fresh fish, are still inferior to other supermarkets.

The Influence of Equal Employment Opportunities and Islamic Work Values on The Quality of Work LIfe of Employees CV. Profish International

Nowadays, several companies recognize the value of employee loyalty as one of the tools for their growth. Improving the quality of work life of employees is one approach to maintaining employee loyalty and increasing job satisfaction. The purpose of this study is to find out how the influence of equal employment opportunities and Islamic work values variables on the quality of work life. This research was conducted at CV. Profish Internasional which is a company that has a focus on the world of fisheries from cultivation to the distribution of fresh water fish. The population used in the study were all employees of C.V Profish Internasional, totaling 113 people. By using the Isaac and Michael formula, the sample in this study was 89 people. Data analysis used Patrial Least Square-Structural Equation Model or PLS-SEM analysis using SmartPLS. The results show that equality of employment opportunities and Islamic work values have a significant influence on the quality of work life of CV Profish International employees