Fresh Leaf Extract Research Articles

HYPOGLYCEMIC AND LIPID LOWERING EFFECT OF AQUEOUS FRESH LEAF EXTRACT OF CHROMOLAENA ODORATA (LINN) IN ALBINO WISTAR RATS FED DIFFERENT CONCENTRATIONS OF CHOLESTEROL ENRICHED DIET

Objectives: High lipids and carbohydrate have been seriously implicated to cardiovascular problems, which has led to several uses of medicinal plants for traditional remedies. The present study investigated the lipid lowering activity of fresh leaf extract of Chromolaena odorata in Albino wistar rats. Methods: Twenty (20) rats used for the study were grouped into four groups of five (5) rats each. Group I served as normal control, group II, III and IV served as test groups, fed 75, 108 and 148 g of cholesterol enriched diet for one week and thereafter, administered with 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg body weight of fresh leaf extract of Chromolaena odorata respectively for four (4) days. Lipid profile and blood glucose were assayed at fed state and after administration. Results showed a significant (p<0.05) increase in total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, low density lipoprotein, blood glucose concentration and body weight compared with control group in fed state. Results: Administration with fresh leaf extract of Chromolaena odorata showed a significant (p<0.05) increase in high density lipoprotein, significant (p<0.05) decrease in blood glucose concentration, low density lipoproteins, triacylglycerol, total cholesterol and body weight of rats. The oral treatment with 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg body weight of the fresh leaf extract of this study demonstrated a general hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activity not necessary a dose dependent pattern. Conclusion: It may therefore be concluded that the hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activity of Chromolaena odorata taken freshly squeezed could be due to its phytochemical and antioxidants content. Peer Review History: Received 24 February 2018; Revised 3 March; Accepted 8 March, Available online 15 March 2018 UJPR follows the most transparent and toughest ‘Advanced OPEN peer review’ system. The identity of the authors and, reviewers will be known to each other. This transparent process will help to eradicate any possible malicious/purposeful interference by any person (publishing staff, reviewer, editor, author, etc) during peer review. As a result of this unique system, all reviewers will get their due recognition and respect, once their names are published in the papers. We expect that, by publishing peer review reports with published papers, will be helpful to many authors for drafting their article according to the specifications. Auhors will remove any error of their article and they will improve their article(s) according to the previous reports displayed with published article(s). The main purpose of it is ‘to improve the quality of a candidate manuscript’. Our reviewers check the ‘strength and weakness of a manuscript honestly’. There will increase in the perfection, and transparency. Received file: Reviewer's Comments: Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 5.5/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.5/10 Reviewer(s) detail: Dr. Adebayo Gege Grace Iyabo, University of Ibadan, Nigeria, funbimbola@gmail.com Prof. Dr. Ali Gamal Ahmed Al-kaf, Sana'a university, Yemen, alialkaf21@gmail.com Similar Articles: ANTIDIABETIC AND ANTIHYPERLIPIDEMIC ACTIVITY OF DRACAENA CINNABARI BALF. RESIN ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF SOQATRA ISLAND IN EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS This article has been cited by: Ndife, Joel et al. “Development and comparative evaluation of green and black tisanes using scent leaves (Chromolaena odorata).” Journal of Food Science 3 (2019): 448-455. Pubmed

Phytochemical and Antimicrobial Studies of Colloidal Silver Nanoparticles Mediated by &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Laportea aestuans&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; Extract

This present report describes studies on the phytochemical screening and antimicrobial activity of colloidal silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) mediated by Laportea aestuans leaf extract in aqueous solution. Herein, AgNPs were facilely synthesized using the fresh leaf extract of Laportea aestuans in water. UV-Vis absorption spectrum of as-prepared AgNPs shows surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peak at ≈ 453 nm, suggesting successful formation of AgNPs. The X-ray diffraction pattern of the AgNPs were consistent with the Bragg’s reflections of AgNPs. Transmission electron microscope revealed that the prepared AgNPs are monodisperse, slightly non-aggregated and quasi-spherical in shapes. Phytochemical screenings of the leaves of L. aestuans shows presence of important bio-organic molecules that are responsible for the reduction, growth and stabilization of as-prepared AgNPs in aqueous solution. Bactericidal effects of the as-prepared biosynthesized AgNPs were carried out against pathogenic Gram-negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella typhi) and Gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria. Biosynthesized AgNPs showed enhanced antimicrobial activity against S. aureus (gram positive) and S. typhi (gram negative), compared to B. subtilis (gram positive) and P. aeruginosa (gram negative) at the tested concentrations. Impressive antimicrobial activity of L-Ag against the tested pathogens could be attributed to the synergistic effects of the biomolecules in the Laportea aestuans plants and silver nanostructures.

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Senna alata leaf extract demonstrates antimicrobial properties that promise utility for treatment of topical infections. Its combination with similarly bioactive Eugenia uniflora leaf extract in soap formulation could enhance anti-infective efficacy. The objective of this study was to develop potent antiseptic herbal soap formulations (HSFs) with the combined leaf extracts of the two plants. A soap base having suitable physicochemical properties (emolliency, foaming potential, and pH) was selected from a series of trial formulations produced from basic soap ingredients. Into this was incorporated three different preparations (namely, the methanolic fresh leaf extract (FLE), methanolic dry leaf extract (DLE), and the pulverized dry leaf sample (DLP) of S. alata and E. uniflora, respectively, singly or combined in 1:1 (w/w) ratio; to produce HSFs containing 5, 9, or 11%w/w concentrations of the leaf preparations. The physicochemical properties of the HSFs were determined as well as their antimicrobial activities by hole-in-plate agar diffusion assay against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Candida albicans. The selected soap base exhibited highest-rank emolliency, satisfactory stable froth production, and pH value. The physicochemical properties of the resulting HSFs were similar. The HSFs containing combinations of the DLEs at 9 and 11% concentrations demonstrated antimicrobial activities against S. aureus and C. albicans comparable (p>0.05) to those of the comparator commercial antiseptic soap containing 0.30% triclosan. B. subtilis was less sensitive (p<0.05) to the HSFs. On the other hand, when used singly, the DLEs as well as the FLEs and DLPs were significantly less potent (p<0.05) than the DLEs combined in the soap formulations. In conclusion, the HSFs containing S. alata and E. uniflora DLEs combined (1:1 w/w) at 9 and 11% concentrations exhibited satisfactory physicochemical properties and potent antimicrobial activities similar to the comparator commercial antiseptic soap employed in the study. Key words: Senna alata, Eugenia uniflora, leaf extracts, herbal soap formulation.

Evaluation of efficacy of Carica papaya leaf extracts to increase platelet count in hydroxyurea induced thrombocytopenia in Albino rats

Background: Dengue is an infectious disease associated with high mortality and morbidity. Being a viral disease, there is no specific drug available for treatment. There are some reports that Carica papaya leaf extract may improve the clinical condition of dengue patients. However, to support this, at present, there is no systematically searched and synthesized evidence available. Hence this study was undertaken to compare the efficacy of commercial preparation of Carica papaya leaves with freshly prepared Carica papaya leaf extracted.Methods: 48 albino rats were randomly divided into eight groups of six each. Thrombocytopenia was induced by giving hydroxyurea (15mg/kg) orally. Group I and II served as saline and toxic control group respectively. Other six groups were given two different doses of either commercial extract or fresh extract orally for five days. 1ml of blood was withdrawn at baseline,3rd and 6th day of the study. Platelet, WBC, RBC count, clotting and bleeding time were determined.Results: Mean platelet count increased significantly on day 6 in both low dose (2.06 to 4.93lakh/mm3) and human equivalent dose (2.73 to 7.66lakh/mm3) of commercial extract groups compared to the toxic control group (p&lt;0.05). Similarly, the mean platelet count increased significantly for human equivalent dose in fresh leaf extract group (3.17 to 4.69lakh/mm3) but the increase in low dose fresh extract (3.28 to 3.76lakh/mm3) was not significant. There was no significant rise in mean platelets count, mean RBC count, WBC count, decrease in mean bleeding and clotting time between commercial extract and fresh leaf extract group for both low dose and human equivalent dose.Conclusions: Efficacy of fresh leaf extract of Carica papaya was not inferior to commercial available preparation. Fresh Carica papaya leaf extract no doubt offers a potential therapeutic efficacy which is cost effective, more affordable and accessible treatment in patients with thrombocytopenia.

Synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles using plant leaf extract against urinary tract infection pathogen

In modern science, Nanotechnology is an ablaze field for the researchers. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are known to be one of the most multifunctional inorganic nanoparticles with its application in treatment of urinary tract infection. Nanoparticles were synthesized using Passiflora caerulea fresh leaf extract and were characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy (UV–vis), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy dispersive analysis of x-ray (EDAX), Atomic force microscopy (AFM). Therefore, the study reveals an efficient, eco-friendly and simple method for the green synthesis of multifunctional ZnO NPs using P. caerulea . Urinary tract infection causing microbes were isolated from the disease affected patient urine sample. The synthesized nanoparticles have been tested against the pathogenic culture showed a very good zone of inhibition compared with plant extract. It indicates the biomedical capability of ZnO NPs.

Growth promoting potential of fresh and stored Moringa oleifera leaf extracts in improving seedling vigor, growth and productivity of wheat crop.

Wheat is staple food of region, as it contributes 60% of daily caloric intake, but its delayed sowing reduces yield due to short life span. Moringa leaf extract (MLE) is considered to improve growth and development of field crops. Study comprised of two experiments. First experiment, freshly extracted MLE and in combination with growth-promoting substances were stored at two temperature regimes. Chemical analysis, after 1, 2, and 3months' storage period, showed that phenolics and ascorbic acid concentrations decreased with increasing storage period. Fresh extracts improved speed and spread of emergence and seedling vigor. Effectiveness of MLE in terms of phenolics and ascorbate concentrations was highest up to 1month which decreased with prolonged storage. Growth enhancing potential of MLE also reduced with increasing storage duration. Under field conditions, the bio-efficacy of these fresh and stored MLE was compared when applied as foliar spray at tillering and booting stages of wheat. Foliar applied fresh MLE was the most effective in improving growth parameters. Fresh MLE enhanced biochemical and yield attributes in late sown wheat. This growth-promoting potential of MLE decreased with storage time. Application of fresh MLE helped to achieve higher economic yield.

In vitro regulation of enzymatic release of glucose and its uptake by Fenugreek microgreen and Mint leaf extract

SummaryFenugreek microgreen and mint leaf displayed antidiabetic potential during in vitro assays including cell line‐based analysis. Aqueous fenugreek microgreen extract (FME) (2 mg mL−1) inhibited α‐amylase by 70%. It also enhanced glucose uptake in L6 cells by 25% at 10 mg mL−1 which further improved to 44% in the presence of insulin. On the other hand, fresh mint leaf extract (MLE) inhibited α‐glucosidase up to 90% and increased glucose uptake by 15% in HepG2 cells. Besides, both these extracts also inhibited nonenzymatic glycation of protein. FME and MLE were also found to have high levels of total phenolics, flavonoids and antioxidants which could play a possible role in the observed antidiabetic activity. As blood glucose levels in diabetes can be regulated by inhibition of enzymes regulating carbohydrate metabolism and improving glucose uptake in cells, the findings indicate a complimentary therapeutic role of these two dietary herbs in diabetes.

Phenylpropanoid profiling reveals a class of hydroxycinnamoyl glucaric acid conjugates in Isatis tinctoria leaves

The brassicaceous herb, Isatis tinctoria, is an ancient medicinal plant whose rosette leaf extracts have anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic activity. Brassicaceae are known to accumulate a variety of phenylpropanoids in their rosette leaves acting as antioxidants and a UV-B shield, and these compounds often have pharmacological potential. Nevertheless, knowledge about the phenylpropanoid content of I. tinctoria leaves remains limited to the characterization of a number of flavonoids. In this research, we profiled the methanol extracts of I. tinctoria fresh leaf extracts by liquid chromatography – mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and focused on the phenylpropanoid derivatives. We report the structural characterization of 99 compounds including 18 flavonoids, 21 mono- or oligolignols, 2 benzenoids, and a wide spectrum of 58 hydroxycinnamic acid esters. Besides the sinapate esters of malate, glucose and gentiobiose, which are typical of brassicaceous plants, these conjugates comprised a large variety of glucaric acid esters that have not previously been reported in plants. Feeding with 13C6-glucaric acid showed that glucaric acid is an acyl acceptor of an as yet unknown acyltransferase activity in I. tinctoria rosette leaves. The large amount of hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives changes radically our view of the woad metabolite profile and potentially contributes to the pharmacological activity of I. tinctoria leaf extracts.

In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity and GC–MS Findings of the Gel of Aloe vacillans Forssk. of Abha Region, Saudi Arabia

A great variety of weeds grow in the Abha area, Saudi Arabia, at more than 2700 m above sea level. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activities of various extracts of fresh and dry leaf gel of Aloe vacillans against eight clinical isolates of human pathogens. The chemical compounds present in the gel extract were identified and quantified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Solvent extracts inhibited 62.5% of the examined microbes, whereas the fresh leaf extract was more potent and active against Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus luteus, Klebsiella oxytocam, Proteus mirabilis, and Candida albicans compared to the dry leaf extract. No antimicrobial activities were observed against Klebsiella pneumonia, Shigella flexneri, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Candida albicans was the most susceptible pathogen based on its zone of inhibition. The maximum inhibitory activities were shown by the fresh gel of the chloroform extract against M. luteus, the methanol extract against S. aureus, the petroleum ether extract against P. mirabilis, C. albicans, and K. pneumoniae, and hot water extracts against K. oxytocam. Gram-positive bacteria and C. albicans were more susceptible than gram-negative bacteria. Compounds were identified and quantified; the major constituents of the gel were 1,3-dimethoxy-2-propanol and glycerol. Acetoglycerides, ethanol, 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-furaldehyde, palmitic acid, butane, 1,2:3,4-diepoxy-,(. $$+/-$$ .)-, 2-deoxy-d-galactose, butyl acetate, 2,2-dimethoxyethanol, diethyl phthalate, phytol, octadecanoic acid, gamma-linolenic acid, and stearic acid were present in low amounts. Therefore, because of its antimicrobial activities and useful phytochemical composition, A. vacillans leaf gel is a promising pharmaceutical drug for specific microbial infections and for improving health.

Porównanie właściwości przeciwutleniających wybranych części maliny właściwej (Rubus idaeus) i jeżyny europejskiej (Rubus fruticosus)

Antioxidants contained in plant raw materials prevent oxidative stress, and reduce the degenerative effects of free radical reactions and damage caused by UV radiation. Antioxidant activity is exhibited, for example, in raspberry (Rubus idaeus), and blackberry (Rubus fruticosus), which have a high content of tannins, flavonoids, phenolic acids, vitamins and minerals. The raw plant material consisted of fresh and dried leaves and fruits of raspberries and blackberries harvested in 2014. This material was extracted using a Soxhlet apparatus and by an ultrasound-assisted technique. To evaluate antioxidant activity DPPH and FRAP methods were used in the first year and DPPH and ABTS methods in the second year of the study. The highest antioxidant activity, evaluated by the DPPH method in 2015, was demonstrated by both raspberry and blackberry fresh leaf extracts, whereas the highest reductive ability, assessed by FRAP, was demonstrated in fresh and dried blackberry leaves. In the next year of the study (2016), the activity of samples evaluated using the DPPH method did not differ significantly, with the exception of fresh raspberry leaf. In this year, the highest antioxidant properties, assessed using the ABTS method, were shown by extracts made of fresh blackberry leaves and fruits, and dried blackberry leaves. All the studied material, both ethanolic leaves and fruit extracts of raspberry and blackberry, reduced free radicals, which was examined using three methods of evaluation of the antioxidative properties (DPPH, FRAP and ABTS). The storage of ethanolic extracts at ambient temperature had no significant impact on the activity reduction of the evaluated plant material. The antioxidant activity of most examined extracts remained consistently high, which may be reflected in the use of the studied materials as sources of antioxidants in the cosmetics and pharmaceuticals industries.

The Effect of Silver Nanoparticles Size, Produced Using Plant Extract from Arbutus unedo, on Their Antibacterial Efficacy.

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been demonstrated to restrain bacterial growth, while maintaining minimal risk in development of bacterial resistance and human cell toxicity that conventional silver compounds exhibit. Several physical and chemical methods have been reported to synthesize AgNPs. However, these methods are expensive and involve heavy chemical reduction agents. An alternative approach to produce AgNPs in a cost-effective and environmentally friendly way employs a biological pathway using various plant extracts to reduce metal ions. The size control issue, and the stability of nanoparticles, remain some of the latest challenges in such methods. In this study, we used two different concentrations of fresh leaf extract of the plant Arbutus unedo (LEA) as a reducing and stabilizing agent to produce two size variations of AgNPs. UV-Vis spectroscopy, Dynamic Light Scattering, Transmission Electron Microscopy, and zeta potential were applied for the characterization of AgNPs. Both AgNP variations were evaluated for their antibacterial efficacy against the gram-negative species Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, as well as the gram-positive species Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Although significant differences have been achieved in the nanoparticles’ size by varying the plant extract concentration during synthesis, the antibacterial effect was almost the same.

Synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles using plant leaf extract against urinary tract infection pathogen

In modern science, Nanotechnology is an ablaze field for the researchers. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are known to be one of the most multifunctional inorganic nanoparticles with its application in treatment of urinary tract infection. Nanoparticles were synthesized using Passiflora caerulea fresh leaf extract and were characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy (UV–vis), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy dispersive analysis of x-ray (EDAX), Atomic force microscopy (AFM). Therefore, the study reveals an efficient, eco-friendly and simple method for the green synthesis of multifunctional ZnO NPs using P. caerulea. Urinary tract infection causing microbes were isolated from the disease affected patient urine sample. The synthesized nanoparticles have been tested against the pathogenic culture showed a very good zone of inhibition compared with plant extract. It indicates the biomedical capability of ZnO NPs.

The Effects of Preservation Methods of Grapevine Leaves on Total Phenols, Total Flavonoids and Antioxidant Activity

Preservation methods may affect total phenols, flavonoids contents, and antioxidant capacity of many vegetables and fruits. These effects may cause degradation of antioxidant compounds, formation of new products, or destruction of the active metabolites. This study investigated the effects of different preservation methods, such as canning and freezing, on total flavonoids, total phenols, and antioxidant activity on grapevine leaves, which can be consumed either as medicine or food. Phytochemical screening was performed by using standard analytical methods; antioxidant activity was assayed by using 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate reagent method; and total flavonoids and total phenols content were determined by using the rutin reference standard method and by Folin-Ciocalteu’s method, respectively. The phytochemical content of all the studied grapevine leaf extracts were same. Fresh leaf extract showed the highest antioxidant capacity as well as total phenols and flavonoids contents. This was followed by the frozen leaf extract, while the canned leaf extract showed lower antioxidant capacity and reduced phenolic and flavonoids contents. Canning and freezing preservation methods of these leaves had no deleterious effects on total antioxidant capacity as well as total phenols and flavonoid contents. Therefore these methods can be used for preparing nutraceutical, cosmeceutical, and pharmaceutical supplements. However, the preservation of V. vinifera leaves by canning is economically and environmentally favored over freezing. In addition the storing, handling, and maintenance of canned leaves is easier than fresh and frozen leaves.

Moringa oleifera Lam extract attenuates gastric ulcerations in high salt loaded rats

Moringa oleifera Lam is a plant used extensively both in traditional and orthodox medicine to treat myriad ailments, including gastrointestinal disorders. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of leaf extract of M. oleifera some gastrointestinal function parameters in high salt loaded rats. Acute toxicity study was done using 70 male white mice (18-20 g) were used for the study. They were randomly selected and assigned to 7 cages of 10 animals per cage. Percentage mortalities were converted to probits and plotted against the log 10 of the dose of the extract from which the LD 50 value was calculated. Fresh leaf extract of M. oleifera was Soxhlet extracted. 24 albino Wistar rats were randomly assigned into 4 main groups of 6 rats each. Fed on normal rat chow, high salt (8% NaCl) diet + 1% NaCl drinking water and/or M. oleifera extract (600 mg/kg bw). The feeding regimens lasted for 42 days. Results obtained revealed that the extract had an LD 50 value of 1,872.22 mg/kg from which a test dose of 600 mg/kg was derived for the feeding regimen. The salt fed rats had significantly (p<005) raised basal gastric acid output (9.03 ± 0.17 mmol/L/hr) compared with control (7.27 ± 0.17 mmol/L/hr), but had blunted response to administered histamine and cimetidine, while treatment with the extract enhanced the sensitivity of histamine in high salt loaded rats. Gastric mucus concentration was significantly (p<0.05) higher in the salt untreated group (0.25 ± 0.004 g) compared with other groups. The salt fed untreated group also had significantly (p<0.05) raised gastric ulcers (10.83 ± 0.70) compared with other groups, these were reversed following Moringa treatment . In conclusion, Moringa oleifera extract reverses gastric ulcers and blunted histaminergic receptors in high salt fed rats. The mechanism by which high salt increases gastric secretion is independent of the histaminergic mechanism.

Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles from Fresh Leaf Extract of Centella asiatica and Their Applications

The synthesis, characterization and application of biologically synthesized nanomaterials have become an important branch of nanotechnology. In the present study, we report the synthesis of silver nanoparticles from fresh leaf extract of Centella asiatica (LEC). UV-Vis spectrum for silver colloids contains a strong plasmon band near 425[Formula: see text]nm, which confirms the formation of nanoparticles. The experimental results show that the silver nanoparticles are formed easily in the extract at ambient temperature. The resulting silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were in the spherical form and the average size of the nanoparticles was in the range from 3[Formula: see text]nm to 30[Formula: see text]nm. From the above silver nanoparticles, we were taken up to investigate the effects of various concentrations of AgNPs on growth, development and yield of peanut plants. The results of the present experiment showed that the optimized concentration of AgNPs of the good germination, growth and pod yield of peanut plant is 5[Formula: see text]ppm.

Assessment of Anti-Fungal Activity of Annona senegalensis Plant Parts on Malassezia globosa

The pondered parts (mixture of fresh leaves, twigs & soft stem barks and soft root extract) of Annona senegalensis plant have been used as ethno-medicine for treating patients suffering from Tinea Versicolor. The anti-fungal activities of dichloromethane and methanol (1:1), methanol, water, acetone, ethanol, ether and chloroform extracts of Annona senegalensis (Annonaceae) parts were investigated and primarily assessed against cultured Malassezia globosa fungus isolated from willing Tinea Versicolor patients. The efficacy of the extracts was studied and determined by applying different extracts concentrations on agar slants carrying the fungus in an incubator. The susceptibility of tested fungus on the extracts was determined by measuring the diameter of inhibition zones formed around the disc. The highest anti-fungal activity was observed in methanol fresh leaf extract gave an inhibition zone of 9.667 0.557mm while methanol twigs and soft bark extract gave lowest inhibition zone of 4.333 ± 0.5773mm compare with gentamycin which gave an inhibition zone of 15mm after 24 hours. Thus combination of the mixtures confirms the antifungal synergistic interaction against the Malassezia globosa fungus. The water, acetone, ethanol, ether and chloroform plant extracts showed no inhibition zones hence proved ineffective at the evaluated concentrations.The preliminary phytochemical screening of the plant parts also indicated the presence of the relevant phytochemical constituents, thus supports its medicinal values.

A Comparative Study of Plant Mediated Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles from Fresh Leaf Extracts of Gracina Gummi-Gutta L., Cynodon Dactylon L. and Bauhinia Acuminata and Their Antimicrobial Activity Studies

A Comparative Study of Plant Mediated Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles from Fresh Leaf Extracts of Gracina Gummi-Gutta L., Cynodon Dactylon L. and Bauhinia Acuminata and Their Antimicrobial Activity Studies

Electrochemical measurements and theoretical calculations on the inhibitive interaction of Plectranthus amboinicus leaf extract with mild steel in hydrochloric acid

Abstract The corrosion inhibition property of Plectranthus amboinicus leaves extracts for mild steel in HCl has been studied using EIS and potentiodynamic polarization techniques. Two main constituents of the leaf thymol and 1,8-cineole were also monitored for their inhibition behaviour, both in the individual form and in combination with each other. EIS studies revealed that the dried and fresh leaf extracts of PA (PADE and PAFE) show fairly good inhibition efficiencies (upto 98% for PADE and 93% for PAFE) in the studied system. Potentiodynamic polarization studies revealed the mixed type inhibition behaviour of the extracts. The synergism studies and theoretical calculations done using Gaussian 03 program revealed that the combination of thymol and cineole exhibited enhanced inhibition efficiency compared to the individual forms. The weight loss measurements also revealed the inhibition potential of the extracts. The mode of adsorption of the extracts was found obeying Langmuir isotherm.

Konsentrasi Efektif Ekstrak Daun Salam (Syzygium polyanthum Wight) terhadap Hambatan Biofilm Enterococcus faecalis (Effective Concentration of Bay Leaf Extract (Syzygium polyanthum Wight) to Inhibit Enterococcus faecalis Biofilm)

Background. Enterococcus faecalis is the most dominant microorganisms found in endodontic secondary infection with prevalence ranging between 24% - 77%. Defense mechanism of Enterococcus faecalis bacteria is forming biofilm,. A study showed that bacteria in mature biofilms can 10-1000 times more resistant to antimicrobials than bacteria in a planktonic form. One of the natural substances that can be used as antibiofilm to irrigation root canals is extract of fresh bay leaf (Syzygium polyanthum Wight). Chemical components in bay leaves include flavonoids, tannins, and essential oils, which have antibacterial capability and damage the membrane biofilm. Purpose. To determine the effective concentration of fresh bay leaf extract (Syzygium polyanthum Wight) that can inhibit biofilm Enterococcus faecalis. Method. This research is in-vitro labolatory experimental with post test only control group design using microtitter plate assay. Samples using Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 cultured in TSB (Trypticase Soy Broth) + glucose.Bay leaf extract (Syzygium polyanthum Wight) concentration in this study was 13%, 12.25%, 11.50%, 10.75%, 10%, 9.25%, 8.50%, 7.75%, 7%, and 6.25%. Results. At the 13% concentration of Syzygium polyanthum Wight, showed 100% inhibition of biofilm, means that the 13% concentration of bay leaf extract (Syzygium polyanthum Wight) can totally inhibit biofilm formation of Enterococcus faecalis. Conclusion. The effective concentration of bay leaf extract (Syzygium polyanthum Wight) which inhibit Enterococcus faecalis biofilm is 13%.

Influence of seed fortification treatment with leaf extract on seedling production in bael tree (Aegle marmelos L.)

In cultivation of medicinal trees, seed germination is a very important problem. Various seed enhancements are being adopted nowadays to improve seedling emergence. Among these seed enhancement, seed fortification is an efficient method for increasing of seed vigour and improvement of germination and seedling growth. The laboratory experiment was conducted at the Department of Seed Science and Technology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore. The present study was conducted for evaluation of ecofriendly seed treatment with three botanical fresh leaf extracts in two concentrations with the soaking durations of 3 and 6h in Bael ( Aegle marmelos ). The results revealed that soaking of seeds in one per cent moringa ( Moringa oleifera ) leaf extract for 6h adopting 1:1 seed to solution ratio enhanced the seedling quality characters of bael in germination room and it was followed by 0.5 per cent tamarind (Tamarindus indica) leaf extract. On evaluation of these treatments at polypot nursery upto three months also exposed the efficacy of these treatments in production elite seedlings.