Fresh Fruit Juices Research Articles

Time trend (2008-2016) of food consumption based on the degree of food processing in United Kingdom

Abstract Background Ultra-processed foods have been rapidly displacing traditional dietary patterns based on unprocessed and minimally processed foods. We assessed the time trend of food consumption based on the degree and purpose of food processing in United Kingdom from 2008 to 2016. Methods Cross-sectional data from the National Diet and Nutrition Survey were analysed. Food items collected using a 4-day food diary were classified according to the NOVA system. Linear regression models were used to estimate linear trend of food consumption across years, adjusted for sex, social class occupation, age and region. Results From the 2008 to 2016, the dietary contribution of processed culinary ingredients increased from 4.1% to 4.8% (p for trend<0.001), while the contribution of processed foods decreased from 9.5% to 8.4% (p for trend=0.001), respectively. The contribution of unprocessed or minimally processed foods (from 30.4% in 2008 to 30.2% in 2016; p for trend=0.462) and ultra-processed foods (from 56.0% to 56.6%, respectively; p for trend=0.194) across survey years has not appreciably changed. Regarding the subgroups, butter and plain oil (Processed culinary ingredients) increased over time, while beer, food preserved and bread (processed food) decreased. Among ultra-processed foods, pre-prepared meals, biscuits and industrial desserts increased, while reconstituted meat and margarine decreased. Among unprocessed or minimally processed foods, poultry, cereals, eggs and legumes increased, while roots, red meat and fresh fruit juice decreased. Conclusions We observed substantial changes in the consumption of processed food and processed culinary ingredients over time. The consumption of ultra-processed food remained unchanged over time, and still account for more than half of total calorie intake in UK. Despite this, substantial changes in some subgroups including ultra-processed, were observed for the four NOVA groups. Funding CAPES and FAPESP 2016/14302-7. Key messages The consumption of ultra-processed food remained unchanged over time, and still account for more than half of total calorie intake in UK. Actions to mitigate high consumption ultra-processed foods are necessary given that these foods have been strongly associated with obesity and diet-related chronic diseases.

CEMARAN MIKROBIOLOGIS JUS ALPUKAT YANG DIJUAL DI JALANAN KOTA SURAKARTA

Fresh fruit juice was processed food was a part of healthy diet. Daily fresh juice consumption could improve health and prevent the occurrence of degenerative disease. Fresh juice were produce without any heat treatment which could allow natural microflora to growth. The aims of the research was to determine the microbiological contaminant of avocado street juice sold in Surakarta. Twenty five of samples were taken from 5 district. Samples were analyze for total viable aerobic count (TVAC), total coliform, total salmonella count, and total staphylococci. The results showed that microbiological contaminant of street avocado juice was extremely high. TVAC of avocado juice was 6.07 ± 0.37 to 8.95 ± 0.04 log CFU/ml; Total coliform 3.28 ± 0.01 to 4,60 ± 0,02 log CFU/ml; Total Staphylococci 4,47 ± 0,07 to 7,35 ± 0,07 log CFU/ml; and Total Salmonella-Shigella 2,34 ± 0,06 to 4,80 ± 0,00 log CFU/ml. There was 1 grocery that produce avocado juice which have undetected for coliform analysis. Producers, government and also consumers need to make some agreement to improve the safety of fresh juice.

The Influence of Employee Self-efficacy, Outcome Expectation and Firm Resources on Intrapreneurial Behaviour: Insight from Ghana

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of employee perceived selfefficacy on intrapreneurial behaviour among Small and Medium size Enterprises (SMEs). We surveyed 234 employees from SMEs in the fresh fruit juice processing industry in Ghana using a structured questionnaire to obtain data. A statistical data analysis was performed. Our findings show that employees’ perceived self-efficacy relates positively to their intrapreneurial behaviour. However, we observed also that self-efficacy was not a sufficient condition for intrapreneurial behaviour to occur. Firm characteristics play a crucial role in the practice of such behaviour. That is, while employees’ self-efficacy is a principal determinant of employees’ intrapreneurial behaviour, the strength of self-efficacy is enhanced by firm resource. These results have policy implications for the promotion of SMEs in Ghana and similar contexts. The study contributes to knowledge on intrapreneurship in SMEs by pointing out that individual characteristics are not always linear in relation to intrapreneurship. Other factors that enhance these characteristics need to be taken account of. We provide recommendations for policy makers and researchers. (JEL H32, J20, O15)

Anti-diabetic and Anti-cholesterolmic effects of bittergourd(mommordica charantia Linn) fresh fruit juice metabolites to cure Alloxan Monohydrate induced Type-1 diabetes in Albino Rats

In the present study an effort has been made to assess the hypoglycemic and anti–cholesterolmic activity of better gourd juice in alloxan monohydrate induced experimental animal model. Rats were acclimatized for 7 days in lab temperature. All animals were given standard water and pellet diet. Diabetes was induced in rats with the help of alloxan monohydrate (120 mg/kg body weight). After alloxan monohydrate injection rats were separated and treatment started with fresh better gourd juice and insulin. A marked rise in fasting blood glucose as well as serum cholesterol level were observed in diabetic control rats when compared to normal control rats. Antihyperglycemic and anti–cholesterolmic activity observed in bittergurd juice administered rats on 7th,14th,21th and 28th days post treatment.Anti–hyperglycemic and anti–cholesterolmic activity was found more effective than that of insulin treatment group. It is hope that present investigation will be helpful in establishing a scientific basis for anti–diabetic and Anticholesterolmic effects.

Rapid Pomegranate Juice Authentication Using a Simple Sample-to-Answer Hybrid Paper/Polymer-Based Lab-on-a-Chip Device.

As a super fruit, pomegranate and its juice have attracted increased consumer demands during the past decades. Given the high production cost and market price, adulteration of pomegranate juice is highly likely to occur. To authenticate pomegranate juice and avoid the addition of cheaper fruit juices, such as apple and grape, an analytical method based on loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) was developed. This LAMP-based authentication method achieved highly sensitive (i.e., 10 pg for pomegranate DNA and 100 pg for grape and apple DNA) and specific detection of pomegranate, apple, and grape DNA present in fresh fruit juice. To further simplify the overall analysis, a hybrid paper/polymer-based lab-on-a-chip (LOC) platform was designed to integrate DNA extraction, LAMP reaction, and LAMP result visualization onto a single device. This LOC device was able to detect 2 μL of fresh pomegranate juice and 5 μL of fresh apple and grape juice. Using a homemade portable heating device, the overall analysis could be completed in ∼1 h in an almost instrument-free setting. The cost for each authentication test is estimated to be ∼4 USD and the reusable homemade portable heating device is ∼15 USD. This LAMP-based simple sample-to-answer hybrid paper/polymer-based LOC device has high potential to be adopted by government laboratories and the food industry to rapidly and routinely authenticate pomegranate juice even in a resource-limited environment.

Construction of a highly stable lanthanide metal-organic framework for effective detection of aryl-organophosphorus flame retardants in simulated wastewater and fruit juices

Three isostructural 3D lanthanide metal-organic frameworks, [Ln2(L)2(μ3-OH)2]·2H2O (Ln = Gd (1), Eu (2). Tb (3); H2L = 2,4-pyridinedicarboxylic acid) were synthesized by solvothermal reactions. Compounds 1–3 are constituted by rod-shaped inorganic building units {Ln2(μ3-OH)2}n, which are assembled by the ligands to form 3D channel-type frameworks. Compound 3 exhibits high thermal stability and outstanding chemical resistance in various refluxing organic solvents and boiling aqueous solutions of pH = 2 and 12. Significantly, 3 can be utilized for the first time to detect CDP (cresyl diphenyl phosphate) and TPP (triphenyl phosphate) in wastewater with high sensitivities, low detection limits and good recyclability. This sensing system possesses excellent anti-interference ability toward pH and other retardants, allowing steady sensing of CDP and TPP in real samples such as fresh fruit juices over a broad pH range.

Bacterial Assessment of Unpasteurized Fruit Juices Sold in Port Harcourt, Nigeria

This study assessed the bacterial quality of fresh fruit juices sold in some restaurants in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. A total of twenty (20) fruit juice samples were collected from four (4) different types of fruit juices sold at four (4) different restaurants. The fruits that were used for this study are: Orange, Watermelon, Pineapple and Tiger nuts. Samples of the fruit juices were collected for bacteriological assessment using heterotrophic plate count and most probable number techniques, while CHRO Magar for E. coli and other coliforms was used for the detection of E. coli. The results showed that E. coli, Bacillus spp, Klebsiella spp, Streptococcus spp and Staphylococcus spp were present in the fruit juices. The results of the heterotrophic plate count showed that the bacterial count ranged from 2.7 x 102 (Orange) to 7.1 x 103 (Tiger nuts), while the results of the total coliform count ranged from 11 MPN/100 ml to 28 MPN/100 ml. However, the study revealed that the total E. coli count ranged from 0 to 7. The number of E. coli in each of the fruit juices and restaurants ranged from 6 to 13, Bacillus spp 12 to 19, Klebsiella spp 4 to 10, Streptococcus spp 6 to 11 and Staphylococcus spp 4 to 13. Bacillus spp had the highest percentage (31.4%), followed by Staphylococcus spp (20.1%). The highest percentage of bacteria was recovered from Tiger nuts (29.4%), followed by Watermelon (28.4%). Regular monitoring of the quality of fresh fruit juices sold in restaurants in Port Harcourt and other parts of Nigeria should therefore be enforced.

Development of multiplex loop-mediated isothermal amplification for three foodborne pathogens

Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella, and Shigella are three major foodborne pathogenic microorganisms that cause global public health problems. We developed a multiplex loop-mediated isothermal amplification (mLAMP) assay for simultaneous detection of S. aureus nuc, Salmonella fimY, and Shigella ipaH in fresh fruit juice using three sets of primers. In addition, three different restriction enzyme cleavage sites were designed in each forward inner primer (FIP), namely, XhoI in nuc FIP, KpnI in fimY FIP, and BamHI in ipaH FIP. DNA was amplified using the LAMP assay at 64 °C for 50 min followed by endonuclease restriction digestion to separate the LAMP products of three pathogens. The minimum amount of genomic DNA of S. aureus, Salmonella, and Shigella that could be detected by mLAMP was 100 fg/25 μL, whereas for mPCR, it was 1 pg/25 μL. The artificially contaminated juice can also be detected by mLAMP after enrichment, which had the limit of detection (LOD) of 2 CFU/10 mL. In conclusion, the mLAMP developed in this study could be potentially used in the detection of S. aureus, Salmonella, and Shigella in food, particularly as a primary screening method in developing areas.

Dietary Intakes, Sources, and Determinants of Total and Free Sugar Consumption Among Lebanese Children and Adolescents: Findings from a National Study

Abstract Objectives To determine the intake levels and main sources of total sugars (TS) and free sugars (FS) among Lebanese children and adolescents and to investigate the determinants of high FS consumption. Methods In a national cross-sectional survey, data on socio-demographic, anthropometric, and lifestyle characteristics of Lebanese children and adolescents (5–18 years-old) were collected (n = 1133). Dietary intake (24-hr recall) was analyzed using Nutri Pro software to determine average daily energy intake in kilocalories (kcal/d), TS and FS in grams (g/d) and as % of total energy intake (% kcal/d). FS content of foods was defined as 100% of added sugars for non-fruit juice sources and 100% of TS for fruit juice and drinks. Independent t -tests were used to compare mean daily intakes of TS and FS by sex and age groups. Logistic regressions were conducted to explore determinants of high FS intake (>10% kcal/d), as per the World Health Organization recommendations. Results Children and adolescents consumed, on average, 1899.9 ± 25.2 kcal/d of which 17 ± 0.2% kcal/d from TS and 16 ± 0.2% kcal/d from FS. Percentage of children and adolescents having high FS consumption was 62%. Main contributors to TS and FS were sweetened beverages, biscuits/chocolates, and syrups, jams and honey. Per consumer basis, intakes of FS from all food groups were significantly higher in older boys and girls than younger ones, except for candies, ice cream and fresh fruit juices. Multiple logistic regression showed children with higher paternal educational level and highest household monthly income had significantly lower odds of high FS intake (OR = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.64, 0.96 and OR = 0.70, 95% CI: 0.58, 0.83, respectively). Children meeting physical activity recommendations had higher odds of high FS compared to their counterparts (OR = 1.12, 95% CI: 1.003, 1.23). Conclusions High proportion of Lebanese children and adolescents exceeded upper limits for FS intake. Findings highlight the need for developing culture-specific interventions aimed at reducing the intake of TS and FS among adolescents, particularly those from low-income families, to curb rising obesity rates. Funding Sources This project was funded by the Lebanese National Council for Scientific Research and the University Research Board at the American University of Beirut.

Free Radical Grafting of Epigallocatechin Gallate onto Carboxymethyl Chitosan: Preparation, Characterization, and Application on the Preservation of Grape Juice

In this study, carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) was combined with epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), a natural antioxidant polyphenol, by a free radical grafting procedure to enhance its application potential on the preservation of fruit juice. The successful formation of EGCG-grafted CMCS (EGCG-CMCS) was confirmed by ultraviolet–visible absorbance, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and proton nuclear magnetic resonance. The optimal molar ratio of EGCG to CMCS monomer was 0.5:1, which led to a grafting ratio of 47.8 mg/g in EGCG-CMCS. The X-ray diffraction patterns and thermal behavior showed that EGCG-CMCS had a lower crystallinity and thermal stability than CMCS, which is probably due to the reduction in hydrogen bonds caused by grafting. Then, EGCG-CMCS was used as an additive for the preservation of grape juice. After storage at 4 °C for 7 days, the EGCG-CMCS–treated juice remained 90.6% of vitamin C, which was much higher than that of the CMCS-treated juice and the control. Similar results were also achieved for total phenolic content, total soluble solids, and titratable acidity. Moreover, EGCG-CMCS effectively maintained the antioxidant capacity and sensory color quality of the juice and inhibited microbial growth during storage. Our results suggest that ECGC-CMCS could be a promising biopreservative for fresh fruit juice.

Development of simultaneously salt and ultrasonic-assisted liquid phase microextraction for the extraction of neonicotinoid insecticides from fresh fruit juices and fruit juices

ABSTRACT In the present study, a new microextraction method termed as simultaneously salt and ultrasonic-assisted liquid phase microextraction has been developed for the extraction and preconcentration of five neonicotinoids from fruit juices. In this method, a few microlitres of toluene (as an extraction solvent) is added onto a sodium chloride tablet and after that it is placed at the bottom of a narrow bore tube. Then, the sample solution is filled into the tube and placed into an ultrasonic bath. By this action, the tablet of sodium chloride was dissolved and the extraction solvent was released as the fine droplets. Sonication is used to accelerate dispersion of the extraction solvent and mass transfer rate of the analytes into the droplets of extraction solvent. Under optimum conditions, limits of detection and quantification were obtained in the ranges of 0.08–0.31 and 0.27–0.92 ng mL–1, respectively. The enrichment factors and extraction recoveries of the analytes ranged from 3400–4000 and 68–80%, respectively. The relative standard deviations were ≤9% for intra – (n = 6) and inter-day (n = 5) precisions. Finally, some samples including commercial fruit juice and fresh fruit juices were analysed and acetamiprid and imidacloprid were found in fresh strawberry and grape juices.

The Case for a Lemon Bioeconomy

AbstractToday's green chemistry technologies open the route to a broader and richer economy for lemons, well beyond the fresh fruit and fruit juice markets. This has important social, environmental, and economic consequences for all lemon‐growing countries and for many industries. Which are the new bioproducts obtainable from lemon and its by‐products? And what are the unforeseen new applications of old bioproducts such as pectin? Following an updated outlook on the global lemon economy, it is shown through selected examples how the lemon bioeconomy might unfold in the course of the next few years (2021–2025).

Use of NMR for the Analysis and Quantification of the Sugar Composition in Fresh and Store-Bought Fruit Juices

NMR spectroscopy is traditionally taught to students during Organic Chemistry as a tool used for the determination of structures after synthesis. However, modern NMR spectroscopy has many important...

Sensory, physicochemical, microbiological and bioactive properties of red watermelon juice and yellow watermelon juice after ultrasound treatment

Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) is important in the fruit juice industry. The aim of this study was to determine the pH, titratable acidity, Brix, color properties, lycopene, ascorbic acid, total phenolic concentration, total flavonoid concentration, antioxidant activity, hydroxy methyl furfural, sensory properties and microbial safety after ultrasound treatments (4, 8, 12 and 16 min) and the pasteurization process in red watermelon juice and yellow watermelon juice. Red watermelon juice and yellow watermelon juice samples showed no statistically significant change in Brix and titratable acidity values at the end of the treatments (p > 0.05). Improvements in lycopene, phenolic concentration, flavonoid concentration and antioxidant capacity of fresh fruit juice samples was determined with US16 (sonication for 16 min). However, ultrasound treatments led to reductions in the concentration of ascorbic acid compared to fresh juice samples. The concentration of lycopene in both fruit juice samples was found to have a negative correlation with the HMF (hydroxymethyl-furfural) concentration. Due to the current findings presented in this study, ultrasound treatments applied to fruit juices were found to be generally microbiologically safe. A better understanding of the improvement in bioactive components, provision of microbial safety and increased consumer appreciation linked to ultrasound treatment of red watermelon juice and yellow watermelon juice was provided.

Associations between beverage consumption of parents and their children. The ToyBox-study

AbstractIntroduction: Dietary habits are established from a very young age. Parental role modeling is an important factor influencing the eating behavior of their children. Drinking behavior may have an impact in the development of childhood obesity. This study aimed to explore the correlations of core drinking beverages between parents and their children.Materials and Methods: The present study included children of 3.5–5.5 years and their parents from the (Multifactorial evidence-based approach using behavioral models in understanding and promoting fun, healthy food, play and policy for the prevention of obesity in early childhood) ToyBox study. The study was a kindergarten-based family-involved intervention, in preschool children from six European countries: Belgium, Bulgaria, Germany, Greece, Poland, and Spain. For this study, we analyzed data from the baseline cross-sectional survey.Data on consumption frequency of water, homemade or fresh fruit juice, prepacked fruit juice, light beverages and sugared sweetened beverages consumption from parents and their children was obtained via a validated food frequency questionnaire. Parents were given examples of serving sizes and asked about how to self-report their usual consumption per day or week. Beverage consumption of children was reported by their parents and information about frequency and portion sizes was collected. Body weight and height of children was measured and classified according to the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF). Bivariate correlations were performed to analyze beverage consumption (servings per day) in children and their parents.Results: The studied sample included 5266 pairs of children (49.2% girls) and parents (91.7% women) that were included in the analysis.Girls presented higher correlations in water (r2 = 0,317) and sugar sweetened beverages (r2 = 0,302), whereas boys, presented slightly higher correlations of light soft drinks (r2 = 0,273), pure fruit juices (r2 = 0,308) and prepacked fruit juices (r2 = 0,324), all of them at < 0.01 level of significance. Considering boys and girls together, a slightly higher significant correlation coefficients were found between children-parents’ dyads with overweight/obesity compared to normal weight children-parentś for sugar sweetened beverages (r2 = 0,303) and light soft drinks (r2 = 0,396).Discussion: Beverage consumption of children and their parents were found to be moderately correlated. Overweight children seem to have better correlations with their parents in relation of sugar sweetened beverages and light soft drinks. Parents should encourage a healthy beverage consumption for their own health and most important, because there are key role models to their children.

"Value Stream Map" and energy consumption in agro-industrial juice fruit processing

The objective of this study is to provide a good "benchmark" case in juice fruit production plants for comparing their performance in terms of energy consumption and final product "yield". In particular, the industrial step-by-step processes performed for the production of natural fresh orange juice, fruit juices and purees will be dissected, also referring to the operations. By exploiting the Value Stream Mapping (VSM) methodology, we report general energy consumptions due to the main production processes and highlight the most energy-intensive ones, in order to provide a base for the selection of useful and reasonable key performance indicators. Furthermore, we include some sectorial KPIs that have been extracted from the literature.

First determination of the highly genotoxic fungal contaminant altertoxin II in a naturally infested apple sample

Altertoxin II is an epoxide-holding perylene quinone and secondary metabolite produced by Alternaria molds. Its genotoxic potential and the high concentrations determined in laboratory fungal cultures resulted in an increased scientific interest in this emerging contaminant. However, no natural occurrence in food has been reported to date to the best of our knowledge. Here, we unambiguously identified altertoxin II in a naturally infected, unprocessed apple. Applying a validated LC-MS/MS method, fruit peel spots (approx. 1 mm in diameter), typically associated with Alternaria infestation, were tested for 17 mycotoxins produced by this genus. Negligible concentrations of tentoxin were determined 24 h after harvest, and the dibenzopyrones alternariol, alternariol monomethyl ether (AME) and AME-3-sulfate after six months of storage. Overall, these contamination patterns can be considered unlikely to be of toxicological concern for consumers. However, an inconspicuous peel lesion (0.5 × 1 cm) separately sampled from a stored apple, exhibited considerably high concentrations of 14 Alternaria toxins, including dibenzopyrones, their barely studied modified forms (glucosides and sulfates), as well as genotoxic perylene quinones including altertoxin II. Considering the toxicological potential of this compound, contaminations in such infected fruit parts should not be underestimated, e.g. in the case of exposure through the consumption of fresh smoothies or fruit juices.

Evaluation of Total Phenolics and Antioxidants of Fresh and Commercial Fruit Juices

Evaluation of Total Phenolics and Antioxidants of Fresh and Commercial Fruit Juices

Anti-diabetic and Anti-cholesterolmic effects of bittergourd(mommordica charantia Linn) fresh fruit juice metabolites to cure Alloxan Monohydrate induced Type-1 diabetes in Albino Rats

In the present study an effort has been made to assess the hypoglycemic and anti–cholesterolmic activity of better gourd juice in alloxan monohydrate induced experimental animal model. Rats were acclimatized for 7 days in lab temperature. All animals were given standard water and pellet diet. Diabetes was induced in rats with the help of alloxan monohydrate (120 mg/kg body weight). After alloxan monohydrate injection rats were separated and treatment started with fresh better gourd juice and insulin. A marked rise in fasting blood glucose as well as serum cholesterol level were observed in diabetic control rats when compared to normal control rats. Antihyperglycemic and anti–cholesterolmic activity observed in bittergurd juice administered rats on 7th,14th,21th and 28th days post treatment.Anti–hyperglycemic and anti–cholesterolmic activity was found more effective than that of insulin treatment group. It is hope that present investigation will be helpful in establishing a scientific basis for anti–diabetic and Anticholesterolmic effects.

Fresh fruit juice of Opuntia dillenii Haw attenuates paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity in rats

Fresh fruit juice of <i>Opuntia dillenii</i> Haw attenuates paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity in rats