Frequent Type Of Injury Research Articles

Intelligent localization and quantitative evaluation of anterior talofibular ligament injury using magnetic resonance imaging of ankle

BackgroundThere is a high incidence of injury to the lateral ligament of the ankle in daily living and sports activities. The anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) is the most frequent types of ankle injuries. It is of great clinical significance to achieve intelligent localization and injury evaluation of ATFL due to its vulnerability.MethodsAccording to the specific characteristics of bones in different slices, the key slice was extracted by image segmentation and characteristic analysis. Then, the talus and fibula in the key slice were segmented by distance regularized level set evolution (DRLSE), and the curvature of their contour pixels was calculated to find useful feature points including the neck of talus, the inner edge of fibula, and the outer edge of fibula. ATFL area can be located using these feature points so as to quantify its first-order gray features and second-order texture features. Support vector machine (SVM) was performed for evaluation of ATFL injury.ResultsData were collected retrospectively from 158 patients who underwent MRI, and were divided into normal (68) and tear (90) group. The positioning accuracy and Dice coefficient were used to measure the performance of ATFL localization, and the mean values are 87.7% and 77.1%, respectively, which is helpful for the following feature extraction. SVM gave a good prediction ability with accuracy of 93.8%, sensitivity of 88.9%, specificity of 100%, precision of 100%, and F1 score of 94.2% in the test set.ConclusionExperimental results indicate that the proposed method is reliable in diagnosing ATFL injury. This study may provide a potentially viable method for aided clinical diagnoses of some ligament injury.

Injury Epidemiology of 626 Athletes in Surfing, Wind Surfing and Kite Surfing.

Introduction/BackgroundSurfing, wind surfing and kite surfing enjoy a growing popularity with a large number of athletes worldwide. The aim of this study was to identify and compare the injury profiles and compare the injury profiles of these three extreme water sports.Materials and MethodsThese data for this retrospective cohort study were collected through an online standardised questionnaire during the 2017–18 season. The questionnaire included questions about anthropometry, skill level, injury diagnosis, injury mechanism, environmental conditions and training regimes.ResultsThe 626 athletes included reported 2584 injuries. On average, each athlete sustained 4.12 injuries during the season. The most frequent injury location was in the lower extremity, in particular the foot, with 49 (16.4%) injuries in surfing, 344 (18.3%) in wind surfing and 79 (19.7%) in kite surfing. Surfing demonstrated a particularly high rate of head injuries (n = 37; 12.4%). Other frequent injury types were skin lesions (up to 42.1%) and contusions (up to 40.5%). The most common injury across all surfing sports was skin lesions of the foot (wind surfing: 11.7%; kite surfing: 13.2%; surfing: 12.7%). In surfing, skin lesions of the head were frequently observed (n = 24; 8.0%). In surfing, a ‘too large wave’ (n = 18; 24.7%) was main cause of the injury, while in wind surfing (n = 189; 34.5%) and kite surfing (n = 65; 36.7%) ‘own incompetence’ led to the most injuries.ConclusionThis unique study compares injury epidemiology and mechanism in the three most popular surfing sports: wind surfing, kite surfing and surfing. Overall, injuries were sustained mainly in the lower extremity, while surfing also demonstrated a high rate of head injuries.

복부외상 환자의 간호중재 분석

Purpose: This study was to analyze the content of nursing interventions applied to patients with abdominal trauma. Methods: A retrospective study design was used, and the subjects were 121 abdominal trauma patients who visited a regional trauma center from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2017. The data on general and clinical characteristics and nursing interventions of the subjects were collected using electronic medical records. Results: Nursing actions performed on patients were 3,720 cases, 5 domains, 18 classes, and 59 interventions. The most frequent type of injury was traffic accidents(37.2%), penetrating and stabbing injuries(24.0%). There were differences in the types and frequency of nursing interventions in traffic accidents and penetrating injuries. In the traffic accidents and falls, traction/immobilization care was added, and skin surveillance, surgical precaution activity, and medication administration (intramuscular) were added in the case of penetrating. Conclusion: In particular, the results of the analysis of nursing intervention differences that were applied for each mechanism of injury will help to construct more detailed education contents. Based on these results, it is necessary to develop nursing intervention education for nurses for abdominal trauma patients.

Pediatric trauma at a single center in the Qassim region of Saudi Arabia.

BACKGROUND: Trauma is one of the leading causes of pediatric mortality so the prevention of pediatric trauma is an important goal of any healthcare system. There are only a few studies on pediatric trauma in Saudi Arabia. The availability of data is vital for healthcare leaders in planning for healthcare services.OBJECTIVE: Assess the epidemiology, patterns, and outcome of trauma in the pediatric population in the Qassim region in Saudi Arabia.DESIGN: Descriptive medical records review.SETTING: A single-center, academic specialized pediatric referral hospital.PATIENTS AND METHODS: We reviewed all electronic and paper records for children (<14 years of age) admitted with a diagnosis of trauma to Maternity and Childrens Hospital (MCH) in Buraidah city in the two-year period between January 2017 and December 2018.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Type of injury, length of stay, and mortality.SAMPLE SIZE: 133 children.RESULT: In this cohort, 77 cases (58%) were admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) and 56 (42%) to the pediatric surgery ward. The median (interquartile range) age was 5 (1.1-8) years, and 92 (69%) were boys. The most frequent trauma was road traffic accidents, accounting for 70 cases (52%), followed by fall from a height for 40 (30%) cases. Traumatic brain injury was the most frequent type of injury, accounting for 56 cases (42%), and blunt abdominal trauma was in 11 cases (8.3%). Neurosurgery was the primary subspecialty actively involved in 62 cases (47%). Of the injured children who were admitted to PICU, 36 (46%) needed mechanical ventilation support, while 7 (9%) of those admitted to PICU required the insertion of intra-costal drainage. The mortality in our study was 3.7% (5 cases); 4 of 5 deaths were secondary to road traffic accidents.CONCLUSION: Pediatric trauma is a serious problem in our region with high mortality compared to international benchmarks. Road traffic accidents are the leading type of pediatric trauma, followed by falls from height. Further studies and perhaps national efforts are needed to identify ways to prevent road traffic accidents, and optimize the data registry and trauma services.LIMITATION: There were many missing data and incomplete files that affect accuracy and preclude generalization.CONFLICT OF INTEREST: None.

Boys gymnastics injuries: A 9-year retrospective review

ABSTRACT Objectives: Young male gymnasts are a frequently injured, yet infrequently studied population. Literature on gymnastics injuries has focused primarily on female gymnasts at elite and collegiate levels. Gymnastics equipment, rules, and training methods have continued to evolve over the past few decades so the previous data likely does not reflect current injury patterns. Our study aimed to provide a description of injury patterns for contemporary club-level, pre-collegiate male gymnasts. Methods: This was a retrospective chart review of 163 gymnastics injuries from 84 male subjects ages 4–19 years. Subjects were seen between 2010 and 2019 in pediatric sports medicine clinics. Gymnast demographics, injury locations, injury types, and gymnastics apparatus were collected as available. Results: Our cohort had a mean age of 12.5 ± 3.0 years, gymnastics participation for 8.1 ± 2.9 years, and gymnastics level of 7.4 ± 1.7. Overuse injuries (59.5%) were more common than acute injuries (40.5%). The most common injury locations were lower extremity (42.3%), followed by upper extremity (32.5%), spine/trunk (19.6%), and head/neck (5.5%). The leading injury types were strains (16.6%) and apophysitis (12.9%). The most common apparatus for injury was floor (25%) followed by vault (20%). Binomial logistic regressions revealed that higher gymnastics level (OR = 5.19, p = .031) and younger age (OR = 4.05, p = .012) were predictors of lower extremity injuries. Conclusion: Our data show that injuries among club-level, young male gymnasts were most frequently located in the lower extremities. This contrasts older studies of primarily elite male gymnasts where injuries were more common in upper extremities. Overuse injuries were most prevalent in our cohort, and the most frequent injury types were strains and apophysitis.

Trends in Catastrophic Occupational Incidents among Electrical Contractors, 2007-2013.

This study used methodologies of descriptive and quantitative statistics to identify the contributing factors most affecting occupational accident outcomes among electrical contracting enterprises, given an accident occurred. Accident reports were collected from the Occupational Safety and Health Administration’s fatality and catastrophe database. To ensure the reliability of the data, the team manually codified more than 600 incidents through a comprehensive content analysis using injury-classification standards. Inclusive of both fatal and non-fatal injuries, the results showed that most accidents happened in nonresidential buildings, new construction, and small projects (i.e., $50,000 or less). The main source of injuries manifested in parts and materials (46%), followed by tools, instruments, and equipment (19%), and structure and surfaces (16%). The most frequent types of injuries were fractures (31%), electrocutions (27%), and electrical burns (14%); the main injured body parts were upper extremities (25%), head (23%), and body system (18%). Among non-fatal cases, falls (37%), exposure to electricity (36%), and contact with objects (19%) caused most injuries; among fatal cases, exposure to electricity was the leading cause of death (50%), followed by falls (28%) and contact with objects (19%). The analysis also investigated the impact of several accident factors on the degree of injuries and found significant effects from such factors such as project type, source of injury, cause of injury, injured part of body, nature of injury, and event type. In other words, the statistical probability of a fatal accident—given an accident occurrence—changes significantly based on the degree of these factors. The results of this study, as depicted in the proposed decision tree model, revealed that the most important factor for predicting the nature of injury (electrical or non-electrical) is: whether the source of injury is parts and materials; followed by whether the source of injury is tools, instruments, and equipment. In other words, in predicting (with a 94.31% accuracy) the nature of injury as electrical or non-electrical, whether the source of injury is parts and materials and whether the source of injury is tools, instruments, and equipment are very important. Seven decision rules were derived from the proposed decision tree model. Beyond these outcomes, the described methodology contributes to the accident-analysis body of knowledge by providing a framework for codifying data from accident reports to facilitate future analysis and modeling attempts to subsequently mitigate more injuries in other fields.

Frequency and Characteristics of Injuries and Rehabilitation Procedures in Rugby Players in Poland and France.

Objectives: Rugby is sport with a high risk of injury. Repeated changes in exercise intensity and the high training intensity may cause to overuse injuries and long-term disability. The aim of the study was to analyze the prevalence of injuries during trainings and forms of rehabilitation procedures performed after their occurrence among elite and sub-elite rugby players. Methods: The data was obtained from 60 professional rugby males from France and Poland. Data were collected using paper-based recording form. It was a specially designed questionnaire which concerned specific details of the injury, including body location, type of injury, treatment and number of days off lost from playing rugby and on forms of rehabilitation procedures performed after their occurrence among elite and sub-elite rugby players. Results: During the study period, the overall incidence rate for injury suggested a 1.04 times more often injury occurrence (IRR = 1.04, 95% CI: 0.08; 2.00) among Polish players compared with French players; however, the distribution of injuries varied by country. The training injury incidence (TII) and incidence proportion (IP) were also higher in Poland than in France (p < 0.05) with the sprain as the most frequent type of injury in all rugby players. France was 7.8 times (IRR = 7.88, 95% CI: 1.29; 3.21) more likely to sustain a fracture than Poland, which much often experienced less serious injuries (bruise, rapture of muscle and ligament) (IRR = 3.02, 95% CI: 2.06; 3.98). Polish players were provided with various forms of physiotherapy while Franch players often worked with a physiotherapist with a therapeutic method (p < 0.005). Poland and France reported experiencing side effects after an injury and the most frequent was pain. In their opinions, the reasons influencing the effectiveness of rehabilitation are too quick return to the game and too short time of rehabilitation. Conclusions: The competitive level of the rugby player influences not only the frequency and type of injury occurrence, but also access to the different forms of rehabilitation. Nonetheless, the side effects occurring after injury and the causes of ineffective rehabilitation are still similar. Further studies are needed to gather significant data to accurately formulate future injury prevention protocols or recommend modifications to game laws or competition formats, aiming at players’ welfare.

High post-exposure prophylaxis uptake but low completion rates and HIV testing follow-up in health workers, Harare, Zimbabwe.

Introduction:Health care workers (HCWs), especially from sub-Saharan Africa, are at risk of occupational exposure to HIV. Post exposure prophylaxis (PEP) can reduce this risk. There is no published information from Zimbabwe, a high HIV burden country, about how PEP works. We therefore assessed how the PEP programme performed at the Parirenyatwa Hospital, Harare, Zimbabwe, from 2017–2018.Methodology:This was a cohort study using secondary data from the staff clinic paper-based register. The chi square test and relative risks were used to assess associations.Results:There were 154 HCWs who experienced occupational injuries. The commonest group was medical doctors (36%) and needle sticks were the most frequent type of occupational injury (74%). The exposure source was identified in 114(74%) occupational injuries: 91% of source patients were HIV-tested and 77% were HIV-positive. All but two HCWs were HIV-tested, 148 were eligible for PEP and 142 (96%) started triple therapy, all within 48 hours of exposure. Of those starting PEP, 15 (11%) completed 28 days, 13 (9%) completed < 28 days and in the remainder PEP duration was not recorded. There were no HCW characteristics associated with not completing PEP. Of those starting PEP, 9 (6%) were HIV-tested at 6-weeks, 3 (2%) were HIV-tested at 3-months and 1 (< 1%) was HIV-tested at 6-months: all HIV-tests were negative.Conclusions:While uptake of PEP was timely and high, the majority of HCWs failed to complete the 28-day treatment course and even fewer attended for follow-up HIV-tests. Various changes are recommended to promote awareness of PEP and improve adherence to guidelines.

Role of magnetic resonance imaging in ankle sprains

Background and objective: Musculoskeletal injuries frequently occur in the ankle in both the athletic and general population. Ankle sprains are among the most frequent types of ankle injuries, which are conventionally diagnosed through clinical examinations. However, magnetic resonance imaging can provide a more precise diagnosis, leading to better injury management and prevention of consequent chronic complications. The present study aimed to examine the significance of magnetic resonance imaging in detecting and assessing changes that occur in ligaments and soft tissues in patients with ankle sprains. Methods: In a prospective study, 50 patients with ankle sprain referred to Rizgary and Erbil Teaching hospitals in Erbil city, Iraqi Kurdistan Region, from March 2018 to April 2019, were included in the study. They underwent clinical evaluation and MRI (GE general electric 1.5 Tesla). Two expert radiologists analyzed the magnetic resonance imaging images, and the results were compared. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS version 23 through descriptive statistics. Results: Most patients (64%) belonged to the age groups of 30-49 years old. Most of them (64%) were males. Most events of ankle sprain (66%) were because of sports and accidents. The clinical evaluation proved 82% of the ankle sprains. Regarding the laterality of the lesions, 60% were spotted in the right ankles and 40% in the left. According to magnetic resonance imaging results, both radiologists diagnosed that the ankle sprains included bone lesions, ligament injury, tendon injury, and effusion. There was an agreement of ≥ 96% between the two radiologists in this regard. The two radiologists were not significantly different in terms of diagnosing the ligament side. As reported by the radiologists based on the magnetic resonance imaging images, the anterior, lateral, and medial tendons were normal in most cases. Conclusion: Magnetic resonance imaging is a vitally important tool that can be utilized reliably and accurately to diagnose and evaluate changes in ligaments and soft tissues in patients with ankle sprains. Keywords: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); Ankle sprain; Ligaments; Injuries.

Epidemiology and Outcome of Nailbed Injuries Managed in Children's Emergency Department: A 10-Year Single-Center Experience.

Fingertip injuries are among the most common hand injuries in children and result in significant health, time, and a financial burden. Nailbed injuries constitute a large proportion of fingertip injuries and are frequent in children. This study aimed to examine the epidemiology, injury patterns, and treatment strategies implemented in patients with nailbed injuries between 0 and 18 years of age. We also wanted to identify various acute and chronic complications associated with nailbed injuries in these patients. This was a single-center retrospective study carried out on the data collected between October 1, 2009, and October 31, 2019. We identified 457 patients with upper extremity nailbed injuries during the study period. Most children were male, accounting for 62.8% (287) of the patients. Door crush injuries (59.5%) resulted in the majority of the nailbed injuries. The commonest place of injury occurrence was home (46.4%), followed by playground (28.4%). The next most frequent areas were public areas (17.5%) and school (7.7%). Simple nailbed laceration with partial avulsion of the nail (44.4%) was the most common type of nailbed injury. Most nailbed injury repairs were done by the pediatric emergency doctor (72.2%). The predictors for the occurrence of complications after nailbed injury were the type of injury (stellate laceration and severe crushed nailbed injuries) and fracture of the distal phalanx. The predictors for the use of antibiotics after nailbed injury in our patients were the mechanism of injury (crushed in door, sports injury, and road traffic accident) and fracture of the distal phalanx. Age was found to be associated with subungual hematomas and avulsion, whereas female sex was found to be associated with crush injuries. In this study, most patients (72.2%) had their nailbed injuries repaired by pediatric emergency doctors. The commonest mechanism of nailbed injury was door crush injuries. Increased awareness and education of the caregivers might help avoid these injuries because the injury mechanism in most of the patients is preventable. Partial nail avulsion with underlying simple laceration of the nailbed was the most frequent type of nailbed injury seen. The complications that were seen after nailbed injuries were fingertip sensitivity (5.3%), split nail deformity (5.3%), infection (3.9%), nonadherence of the nail plate (2%), and hook nail deformity (1%). The predictors for the occurrence of complications after nailbed injury were the type of injury (stellate laceration and severe crushed nailbed injuries) and fracture of the distal phalanx. The predictors for the use of antibiotics after nailbed injury in our patients were the mechanism of injury (crushed in door, sports injury, and road traffic accident) and fracture of the distal phalanx. Age was found to be associated with subungual hematomas and avulsion, whereas female sex was found to be associated with crush injuries. Possessing a robust understanding of the mechanism of injury and the underlying anatomy with a detailed assessment of the nailbed injury is of paramount importance in the management of these patients. An initial thorough assessment and meticulous repair of the nailbed injuries will result in good outcomes with overall few complications.

Assessing disabling and non-disabling injuries and illnesses using accepted workers compensation claims data to prioritize industries of high risk for Oregon young workers

Introduction: Young workers are especially vulnerable to occupational injuries and illnesses. There is a continued need to investigate injury burden among young workers across demographics and industry to inform targeted interventions. Workers compensation (WC) claims are important for quantifying work-related injuries and illnesses, however published studies have focused on disabling claims. This study extended previous research on Oregon young workers by including the most recent WC claims data to identify patterns of injury and high risk industries. Methods: We obtained all accepted disabling claims (N = 13,360) and a significant portion of non-disabling claims (N = 24,660) on workers aged 24 years and under from 2013 to 2018. Claim count, rate and cost were calculated by year, age, gender, industry, and injury type. A prevention index (PI) method was used to rank industries in order to inform prevention efforts. Results: Average annual disabling and non-disabling claim rates were 111.6 and 401.3 per 10,000 young workers. Workers aged 19–21 (disabling: 119.0 per 10,000 and non-disabling: 429.3) and 22–24 years (115.7 and 396.4) and male workers (145.3 and 509.0) had higher claim rates than workers aged 14–18 (80.6 and 297.0) and female workers (79.8 and 282.9). The most frequent injury types were “struck by/against” (35.6%) and “work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs)” (19.5%). High risk industries included agriculture, construction, and manufacturing for both genders combined. For female young workers, the highest risk industry was healthcare. Conclusions: This study demonstrated the added value of non-disabling WC claims data. Using both disabling and non-disabling data and PI method, agriculture, construction, manufacturing and healthcare industries were identified as priority workplaces to prevent common and costly injuries among Oregon young workers. Practical Applications: While the industries identified are considered hazardous for all workers, findings in this study can guide targeted research and prevention efforts specific to young workers.

Sports Injuries and Illnesses After Implementation of the Web-Based Surveillance System in World Taekwondo.

Taekwondo epidemiology studies have been in short supply since the rule changes introduced by World Taekwondo in 2017. To describe injury and illness patterns at the 2017 World Taekwondo Championships (WTC) in Muju, South Korea, after the implementation of the web-based surveillance system by World Taekwondo. Prospective cohort study. All injuries and illnesses were recorded during the 2017 WTC using a web-based system developed by the International Olympic Committee. A total of 971 athletes who participated in the 2017 WTC. Profiles and mechanisms of injury and illness in the 2017 WTC. We analyzed a total of 131 injuries and 26 illnesses, corresponding to an overall clinical incidence of 13.5 (95% CI = 11.2, 15.8) injuries and 2.7 (95% CI = 1.6 3.7) illnesses per 100 athletes and an overall incidence rate of 19.3 (95% CI = 16.0, 22.6) injuries and 3.8 (95% CI = 2.4, 5.3) illnesses per 1000 athlete-days. Most injuries occurred in the lower extremities (n = 61, 46.6%), and knee injuries were most frequent (n = 26, 19.8%). Among head and trunk injuries (n = 39, 29.8%), face injuries (n = 32, 24.4%) were most common, whereas among upper extremity injuries (n = 31, 23.7%), finger injuries (n = 8, 6.1%) were seen most often. Contusions (n = 44, 33.6%) were the most frequent injury type, followed by fractures and ligamentous ruptures or sprains. The most common injury mechanism was contact with another athlete (n = 97, 74.0%), whereas the least common was concussion (n = 5). The major affected system was the respiratory system (n = 11, 42.3%), with major symptoms being pain (n = 11, 42.3%) and fever (n = 7, 26.9%). Environmental factors were the most typical cause of illness (n = 15, 57.7%). The web-based surveillance system used at the 2017 WTC revealed that 13.5 per 100 athletes (77.8/1000 athlete-exposures, 13.9/1000 minute-exposures) had new or recurrent injuries, whereas 2.7 per 100 athletes became ill.

Judo Injuries Frequency in Europe's Top-Level Competitions in the Period 2005-2020.

Background: The present study assesses the frequency of injury in Europe’s top-level judokas, during top-level competitions, and defines risk factors. Methods: The members of the EJU Medical Commission collected injury data over the period of 2005 to 2020 using the EJU Injury Registration Form at Europe’s top judoka tournaments. Results: Over the 15 years of the study, 128 top-level competitions with 28,297 competitors were included; 699 injuries were registered. Of all competitors, 2.5% needed medical treatment. The knee (17.4%), shoulder (15.7%), and elbow (14.2%) were the most common anatomical locations of injury. Sprains (42.2%) were by far the most frequent injury type, followed by contusions (23.1%). Of all contestants, 0.48% suffered an injury which needed transportation to hospital. There was a statistically significant higher frequency of elbow injuries in female athletes (p < 0.01). Heavy-weight judokas suffered a remarkably low number of elbow injuries, with more knee and shoulder injuries. Light-weight judokas were more prone to elbow injuries. Conclusions: We found there was a low injury rate in top-level competitors, with a greater frequency of elbow injuries in female judokas. During the 15 years of injury collection data, an injury incidence of 2.5% was found, with a remarkable high injury rate in the women’s −52 kg category, and statistically significantly more elbow injuries in women overall.

Injury and Illness in World Taekwondo Junior Athletes: An Epidemiological Study.

Taekwondo has been reported to be one of the most injurious sports in the summer Olympics, however, there is a dearth of data about injury profiles for junior athletes. Therefore, we aimed to identify the incidence and profiles of the injuries and illnesses that occurred during the 2018 World Taekwondo Junior Championships and recorded using an online system. Among the 889 athletes, 67 injuries and four illnesses were reported, corresponding to an overall clinical incidence of 7.5 injuries (95% confidence interval [CI]: 5.7–9.3) and 0.5 illnesses (0.1–0.9) per 100 athletes. The most frequent injuries were lower extremity injuries (n = 33, 3.71% of all athletes), mostly in the foot/toe (n = 11, 1.2% of athletes), followed by head and trunk injuries, mostly in the face (n = 14, 1.6% of athletes), and upper extremity injuries, mostly in the fingers (n = 6, 0.7% of athlete). Contusions (n = 37, 4.2% of athlete) were the most frequent injury type, followed by ligament ruptures/sprains and laceration. The most common injury mechanism was contact during an opponent attack (n = 51, 5.7% of athlete). Three mild concussions none resulted in time loss (none required hospital transfer or had prolonged recovery). The respiratory system was the most affected by illness, with pain and fever as symptoms. Environmental factors were the most common cause of illness. This study shows that 7.5 per 100 athletes (38.5/1000 athlete-exposures and 6.9/1000 min-exposures) had new or recurrent injuries, whereas 0.5 per 100 athletes experienced illness. In conclusion, the data shows male athletes reported more injuries than females and the most common cause of injury was due to contact between athletes. Contusions, ligament rupture/sprains, laceration and fractures to the lower extremities, head, and trunk were the most common injury. Knowing these injury profiles of junior taekwondo athletes can help taekwondo stakeholders, especially medical staff to prepare accordingly to ensure the safety of the athletes.

The impact of COVID-19 on orthopaedic trauma: A retrospective comparative study from a single university hospital in Italy.

The COVID-19 outbreak strongly affected Italy, putting a strain on the National healthcare system. Hospitals quickly reorganized the activity to cope with the emergency. This retrospective comparative study aimed to analyze the impact of the lockdown imposed in Italy during the COVID-19 outbreak on acute orthopedic trauma, in order to identify critical issues for improvement and future planning. We collected data on all the trauma admissions to a single University hospital DEA (Department of Emergency and Acceptance) in Rome during the COVID- 19 pandemic lockdown in Italy, comparing them with the corresponding period in 2019. We reported demographic data; the characteristics of the injury, including the anatomical location, fracture, sprain, dislocation, contusion, laceration, whether the injury site was exposed or closed, where the injury occurred, and polytrauma. We also recorded the waiting time in the emergency room and mode of transportation. The study sample was composed of 1199 patients, 636 (53.04%) males and 563 (46.96%) females. The overall number of admissions in 2019 (pre-COVID-19 period) was 995; then it was 204 during COVID-19 outbreak in 2020. The average age of the 2020 group was 51.9 ± 24.8 years, significantly higher than that of the 2019 group (41.4 ± 25.7) (p<0.0001). In particular, elderly patients (≥65 years) were the most commonly involved in the COVID-19 group, while in the pre- COVID-19 period they were middle-aged adults (15-44 years) (p<0.0001). The injury occurred at home in 65.7% of cases in the 2020 group, and in 32.3% of patients in the 2019 group. Concerning the injury type, in both groups, the most common injury was a fracture (45.1% in 2019; 62.7% in 2020) (p<0.0001). The most injured anatomical location during COVID-19 lockdown was the hand (14.2%), while in the pre-COVID- 19 group the most frequent injury type was polytrauma (22.8%). Despite the decrease of overall acute trauma referral rates during the COVID-19 outbreak in Italy, the incidence of fractures in elderly individuals remained stable, indicating that not all trauma presentations would necessarily decrease during such times.

Forensic characteristics of chest injuries among subjects who died in road traffic accidents

Background/Aim. In road traffic accidents, chest injuries are a critical factor since death usually occurs as a result of injuries to the heart and lungs, flail chest, pneumothorax, exsanguination, etc. The aim of this study was to analyze the most vulnerable subjects in road accidents, as well as the most frequent and most significant types of chest injuries sustained by different categories of subjects, and to examine the relevance of certain injuries or factors to outliving the injuries. Methods. The autopsy, the retrospective, and the cross-sectional study were performed at the Clinical Centre of Kragujevac, Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology. The study included all participants in road traffic accidents on the territory of Kragujevac and the surrounding area who died from the injuries sustained from the accidents or due to complications of the injuries during the period from 2001 to 2016. The subjects were divided into the following groups: pedestrians, motor vehicle drivers, front-seat passengers, back-seat passengers, bicyclists, motorcyclists, and tractor drivers. The occurrence of injuries in three regions of the body (chest, head, and abdomen) was analyzed in all the subjects. Results. The study included 525 subjects who died due to the injuries sustained in traffic accidents, which makes up to 38.4% of the total number of 1,366 autopsy cases covered by the study period. The average age of the subjects was 52 ? 19 years. The study sample consisted of 391 (74.5%) men and 134 (25.5%) women. The most vulnerable subjects were pedestrians (220, i.e. 41.9%), followed by motor vehicle drivers ( 98, i .e. 1 8.7%), front-seat passengers (79, i.e. 15%), motorcyclists (39, i.e. 7.4%), bicyclists (38, i.e. 7.2%), back-seat passengers (29, i.e. 5.5%) and tractor drivers (22, i.e. 4.2%). Chest injuries were identified in 408 subjects (77.7%), while the most frequent type of in-jury was rib fracture, observed in two-thirds of the sample. Out of the total number, 291 (55.4%) subjects died at the scene of the accident or on their way to the hospital, while 234 (44.6%) of them outlived injuries for a certain period of time. Drivers exhibited the highest risk of dying at the scene, while bicyclists outlived their injuries more frequently. Conclusion. Chest injuries are very common in subjects who died at the scene of the road traffic accident.

Road traffic accident and management outcome among in Adama Hospital Medical College, Central Ethiopia.

Introductionroad traffic injuries represent accounts for significant cause of morbidity and mortality around the globe, particularly in developing countries like Ethiopia. Poor pre-hospital care system and delays in hospitals before getting aids added to the woes of mortality. However, there are no study that determine the types of injury, management and outcome of road traffic accidents and associated factors in this study area.Methodsa hospital based retrospective cross sectional study was conducted among patients attending to Adama Hospital Medical College with accidental injuries from January to December 2015. Data were retrieved from 556 patients registry selected by systematic random sampling from 11,120 injuries visiting the hospital. Data were coded, cleaned and entered to SPSS version 20 for analysis. Factors associated with the management outcome of injury related to road traffic accident were analyzed and statistical significance was declared with p < 0.05 with CI of 95%.Resultsout of 556 trauma victims, 304 (54.7%) were due to road traffic accidents followed by personal violence (24%) and falling accident (10.3%). The majorities (74.8%) of patients were male and urban residents (55%). Soft tissue injury was the most frequent type of injury (51%) followed by extremity fracture and dislocation (26%). Delay to come to hospital (over 24 hours), severity of injuries and management types were factors influencing management outcome of injuries related to traffic accidents. About 90.1%, 4.6% and 5.3% of the patients were discharged without any prominent disability, permanent disability and died respectively.Conclusionroad traffic accidents are preventable causes of morbidity and mortality. Practices of strict road safety measures and appropriate use of roadways by pedestrians should be in place, while establishing and strengthening early access to hospital and pre-hospital care to save life of injuries.

Injuries in Collegiate Track and Field Jumping: A 2-Year Prospective Surveillance Study.

Background:Athletes participating in track and field jumping events (long jump, triple jump, high jump, and pole vault) are exposed to ground-reaction forces on the takeoff leg that are several times their body weight. This can cause injuries specific to such activities.Purpose:To determine the incidence of injuries in collegiate jumpers using the guidelines set forth by a 2014 consensus statement on injury surveillance during track and field events.Study Design:Descriptive epidemiology study.Methods:A total of 51 jumpers between April 2016 and March 2017 and 54 jumpers between April 2017 and March 2018 participated in this study. All athletes were from a single college in Japan. Baseline information on athletes participating in the long jump, triple jump, high jump, and pole vault was collected at study enrollment. Practice and competition exposures were reported by the team trainer. Injury incidence was calculated as the number of injuries per 1000 athlete-exposures (AEs).Results:A total of 147 injuries were reported among 16,998 exposures (8.65 injuries per 1000 AEs). The most common injury locations were the posterior thigh and lateral ankle (17.0%), followed by the posterior foot or toe (12.9%); the most frequent type of injury was strain/muscle rupture/tear (21.1%). The most common injury for long jumpers was ankle sprain (23.3%); for high jumpers, flexor hallucis longus tendinosis (15.8%); and for pole vaulters, hamstring strain (13.2%).Conclusion:The overall characteristics are different for each event; therefore, injuries for each event need to be investigated.

MANAGEMENT OF ELISS CLASS IV FRACTURE USING FIBER POST : A CASE REPORT

Coronal fractures of permanent anterior teeth by trauma are the most frequent type of injury. Many factors are considered in the effort to provide optimal mechanical properties, aesthetic, and longevity. The usage of Post and Core system for management of groosly mutilated tooth has been widely accepted and used. This paper will explain case report of a patient having fractured central incisor which was managed by Root canal treatment followed by bre post and then a PFM crown , which was the minimally invasive treatment in this case.

Epidemiology of Injuries in Ultimate (Frisbee): A Systematic Review

Ultimate is a high-intensity, non-contact team sport played with a flying disc (e.g., frisbee). Despite the growing popularity of ultimate worldwide, there is limited information about the epidemiology of injury in the sport. The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview and synthesis of the literature on the epidemiology of injury in ultimate. A comprehensive search of the literature was conducted in five electronic databases (i.e., MEDLINE, Embase, AMED, SPORTDiscus, and AusportMed). All databases were searched from inception to 1 July 2020. A total of eleven studies were included and qualitatively synthesized. Injury incidence rate estimates ranged from 0.4 to 84.9 injuries per 1000 athlete-exposures. The lifetime prevalence of any injury and concussion were 100% and 26%, respectively. The most commonly injured body region was the lower limb, with the knee and thigh being the most frequently injured anatomical locations. The most frequent injury types were muscle injuries and superficial contusions. The most common injury situation was direct contact with another player. There is a substantial risk of injury in ultimate, in particular muscle strains and joint sprains to the knee and shoulder areas. Development and implementation of effective, sport-specific injury prevention initiatives, including improved injury risk management and sport safety culture, should be a priority to reduce the burden of injury in ultimate.